Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
  • C02F11/08—Wet air oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/48—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on industrial residues and waste materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/26—Composting, fermenting or anaerobic digestion fuel components or materials from which fuels are prepared
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/56—Specific details of the apparatus for preparation or upgrading of a fuel
  • C10L2290/565—Apparatus size
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/60—Measuring or analysing fractions, components or impurities or process conditions during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/403—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on paper and paper waste
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
  • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
  • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the composition of a biodegradable mixture of waste materials of primarily biological origin containing biogenic elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and nitrogen, intended for the production of fuel for direct combustion, located for the production start in conventional atmospheric gases. It also relates to a method for fuel producing from a biodegradable waste material mixture of biological origin.
• biogenic elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and nitrogen
• composting is an aerobic process of decomposition of plant-origin material, proceeding under certain conditions with the help of microorganisms.
• the resulting product is usually used for fertilization or as part of a plant growing substrate.
• harmful substances are not removed from the initial mixture, for example, petroleum substances, medication and drug residues, hormones, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, poisons, dyes, etc.
• the invention aims to provide a composition and properties of the initial mixture of biological-origin waste materials and create such conditions that a process of chemical and biological heating may be started without delay and with sufficient speed, resulting in a material with neutralized or destroyed pollutants and a high energy value, usable as fuel for direct combustion.
• the invention is a mixture of biological-origin waste materials, biodegradable, containing the biogenic elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, for the production of direct combustion fuel, located in an aerobic environment in the presence of air oxygen and other atmospheric gases.
• the invention is based on the fact that the mixture contains initial humidity of 40-70% by weight of water and at least 25% by weight of organic substances, while the total weight of the mixture is at least 3,000 kg and is piled up to a height of max. 3 m to a vertical axial cross section shape in the form of an isosceles or equilateral triangle or trapezoid or rectangle.
• the mixture is composed of at least two basic groups of substances: for one thing, succulent substances having a water content of 5-98% by weight as a source of inoculum of microflora and water, and for another, non- succulent substances in a quantity of at least 15% of the total weight of the mixture as a source of reducing agents and structural substances.
• the succulent substances are meant at least one type of sludge-kind material that is composed of a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in the liquid phase.
• the non- succulent substances are meant materials containing cellulose with a fraction of 15-750 mm.
• the succulent substances are sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and/or sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants and/or less sludgy materials.
• Non-succulent substances are lignocellulosic materials and/or packaging and their parts from commercial and/or communal areas and/or other materials containing cellulose.
• sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is selected from the sludge group: primary sludge, secondary sludge, tertiary sludge, raw sludge, anaerobically stabilized sludge, aerobically stabilized sludge, chemically stabilized sludge, physically stabilized sludge, and dewatered sludge.
• the sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants is selected from the sludge group: sludge from pulp and paper production, sludge from plywood production and waste fibres from fibreboard production, manure, excrements, litter, and sludge from other production. Less sludgy materials are selected from the material group: cadavers, silage, haylage, fruits, vegetable fats and oils, residues from agar and gelatine production, culture medium of biotechnological production, biogas plant products, aquatic plants and animals, food wastes and surpluses.
• the lignocellulosic materials are dendromass and/or phytomass.
• Packages and their parts from the commercial and/or communal areas are selected from the material group: paper, cardboard, paperboard, beverage and food packaging of composite materials, such as TetraPacks.
• Other materials are selected from the material group: banknotes, pulp products.
• the waste material mixture of the invention it is also essential that in order to achieve the maximum effect, it is piled up into a substantially pyramidal shape with a crest or peak height of at least 1.5 m and a maximum of 2.5 m, while the total mixture weight exceeds 3,000 kg, preferably 10,000 kg.
• Water content of the mixture is advisable to be 50-65% by weight.
• At least a portion of the succulent substances may be replaced by excipients, as an agent enhancing reactive surface and/or a heat-insulating agent.
• excipients are constituted by auxiliary lignocellulosic material and/or mining sludge and/or other wastes.
• Auxiliary lignocellulosic material is selected from the material group: sawdust and shavings, straw pulp, bones, fruits and their parts and shells, chaff and husks, groats, bran, grass, aquatic biomass; other waste is selected from the material group: bottom sediments, rubber products, and tanning waste.
• the method of fuel production from biological-origin waste materials is based on the fact that individual components are deposited into layers under normal atmospheric conditions to form the mixture, while the individual components are selected and/or added according to the humidity content, the initial humidity of the mixture being 40-70% of mixture weight, while the resulting looseness of the mixture allows for the independent keeping of the piled up shape. Subsequently, they are mechanically mixed into a homogeneous composition and uniform distribution of the humidity, and they are piled up as a mixture into a shape with a maximum height of 4 m, which drops down to the required height of 3 m after sinking.
• the advantage and the higher effect of the invention are not only the obtaining of fuel with significant calorific value, but in particular the neutralization and/or decomposition of the pollutants present in the initial mixture.
• the majority of undesirable substances is finally and completely destroyed. This minimizes their impact on the environment and, in addition, a usable fuel for direct combustion is obtained.
• the mixture composition of the invention and the method of component processing is schematically illustrated in the Fig. 1.
• the Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the piled up mixture according to a technical solution in the phase after process- start-up.
• the Fig. 3 shows in detail a portion of the mixture with reaction zones and microorganisms after process-start-up.
• the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show a natural process schematically in accordance with the conditions of the invention.
• the area A is a passive zone
• the arrow B shows air transfer through the mixture
• the arrow C is natural leakage of thermal energy from the zone of heated area
• the arrow D is natural leakage of thermal energy from the intensive heating zone.
• the areas E are single mixture particles
• F is the surface particle humidity
• G shows functional microorganisms on particle surface
• H is space between the particles, where the most important reactions occur.
• the mixture or its components are of biological origin and biodegradable, containing biogenic elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and nitrogen.
• biogenic elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and nitrogen.
• the materials may not be precisely defined but must meet certain parameters. In particular, following is important for the process itself: - Content of organic and inorganic components
• the thermal fission of the bonds takes place in the components and their chemical composition changes to form other substances.
• the structure and construction of materials vary depending on the size of pores and capillaries, affecting the transfer of oxygen, heat and gas penetration.
• the process is faster and more intense for materials with a rough and porous surface than for materials with smooth particles.
• Thermodynamic properties such as the mass and heat capacity of materials, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, etc. are also important.
• the process starts immediately or after a very short period of time from formation of the basic mixture, first in individual centres, which are gradually increasing and expanding to the whole mixture.
• the process runs automatically in each stage, evolving over time. Since the very nature of the chemical and biological heating process cannot be a subject of the technical solution, its detailed explanation is not important here.
• the oxidizing agents induce the process and maintain it, the reducing agents oxidize during the process.
• This technical solution it is characterized by use of the most available oxidizing agent, which is air oxygen. It is desirable for it to make approximately 21% of gaseous mixture component volume in the mixture with other atmospheric gases. To keep the air oxygen amount in the mixture, porosity and bulk density of the mixture, its shape and height, as well as the size of the individual fractions, the ratio of the proportion of larger and smaller particles, and the variety of particle shapes should be adapted. Larger amount of small particles increase the surface for reaction, larger particles ensure mixture porosity.
• the minimum weight should be at least 3,000 kg, but preferably more than 10,000 kg.
• the ideal shape of the piled up mixture to achieve the maximum effect is essentially a pyramidal saddle shape with a crest or peak height of at least 1.5 m and a maximum of 2.5 m with a vertical axial cross section in the form of an isosceles or equilateral triangle or less preferably in the form of a trapezium or rectangle.
• Such shape and weight of the mixture ensures sufficient penetration for atmospheric gases, there are no excessive mixture sinking, while maintaining the desired mixture bulk density and porosity and its thermal insulating properties.
• a layer of 1.5 to 2.5 m usually isolates very well the emerging centres of the self-heating process. To achieve the maximum effect, the layer should not be more than 3 m. In the case of layers higher more than 3 meters, the mixture becomes more compact due to its own weight, the porosity is reduced, and the oxygen content decreases. With regard to the process course, it is important to note that in many cases it is advisable to remove produced gases, in particular NH3, H2S, CO2, and CH4, or promote their releasing in order to optimize the process, otherwise, they may affect negatively the transformation processes.
• Termination of the process results in a spontaneous decrease in the mixture temperature, the change in the original humidity, structure and appearance.
• the succulent substances 1 are at least one type of sludge-kind material that is composed of a liquid phase and a solid phase dispersed in the liquid phase. They are sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants la and/or sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants lband or less sludgy materials lc.
• Sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants la is selected from the sludge group: primary sludge lal, secondary sludge la2, tertiary sludge la3, raw sludge la4, anaerobically stabilized sludge la5, aerobically stabilized sludge la6, chemically stabilized sludge la7, physically stabilized sludge la8, and dewatered sludge la9.
• the sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants lb is selected from the sludge group: sludge from pulp and paper production lbl, sludge from plywood production and waste fibres from fibreboard production lb2, manure, excrements, litter lb3, and sludge from other production lb4.
• sludgy materials lc are selected from the material group: cadavers, silage, haylage lcl, fruits lc2, vegetable fats and oils lc3, residues from agar and gelatine production lc4, culture medium of biotechnological production lc5, biogas plant products lc6, aquatic plants and animals lc7, food wastes and surpluses lc8.
• the non-succulent substances 2 are materials containing cellulose with a fraction of 15-750 mm. They are lignocellulosic materials 2a and/or packaging and their parts from commercial and/or communal areas 2b and/or other materials 2c containing cellulose.
• the lignocellulosic materials 2a are dendromass 2al and/or phytomass
• Packages and their parts from the commercial and/or communal areas 2b are selected from the material group: paper 2bl, cardboard 2b2, paperboard 2b3, beverage and food packaging 2b4of composite materials, such as TetraPacks.
• Other materials 2c are selected from the material group: banknotes 2cl, pulp products 2c2.
• excipients 3 are constituted by auxiliary lignocellulosic material 3a and/or mining sludge 3b and/or other wastes 3 c.
• Auxiliary lignocellulosic material 3a is selected from the material group: sawdust and shavings 3al, straw pulp 3a2, bones, fruits and their parts and shells 3a3, chaff and husks, groats, bran, 3a4grass 3a5, aquatic biomass 3a6.
• waste 3c is selected from the material group: bottom sediments 3c 1, rubber products 3c2, and tanning waste 3c4.
• the succulent substances lare usually a subject of drying or desiccation, sedimentation or other kind of component separation, drainage, sterilization or pasteurization, etc., as necessary.
• the non-succulent substances 2 are usually mechanically treated, crushed, split, cut, milled, and sorted.
• Excipients 3 are modified chemically and/or mechanically by their nature, for example through drying and desiccation, draining, separating, sanitization, etc.
• each component is weighed, dosed and mixed in a relatively homogeneous bulk mixture. This is pile up into the appropriate shape of the pyramid mentioned above or saddle-shaped with the ridge line. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the desired process is started practically within a few hours if the mixture composition and parameters are as per the invention.
• Mixture handling and method of its creation in practice is usually such that the input components, for which at least 80% of resulting mixture weight form fractions of maximum of 750 mm, are piled up to a height of maximum of 4 m, which achieves the required height of 3 m after homogenization by mixing and sinking.
• the advantage of the triangular or trapezoidal vertical cross-section of the mixture is based on the fact that air is intake from the surrounding environment to the mixture base. As the air passes through the mixture core, it is heated intensely and the heated air exits and escapes through the mixture peak, causing movement through the mixture.
• the components When creating a pile, the components are combined and stacked into layers. The total humidity is monitored taking into account that the resulting starting humidity of the mixture is 40-70% by weight of the mixture. In addition, the resulting looseness of the mixture enabling independent holding of the piled- up shape is monitored.
• the components are mechanically mixed into homogeneous composition and even distribution of humidity, and they are piled up as the mixture into a shape. If the shape is sufficiently homogeneous after the pilling up the components and holds its shape due to the appropriate looseness, another mixing is not necessary. Independent holding of the shape is a sign of proper mechanical composition with appropriate humidity.
• the temperature progress is monitored at least 0.8 m above the base and at least 0.8 m below the mixture surface.
• the temperature must be measured regularly, optimally daily, or continuously using special probes.
• the basic monitored parameter is the steadily rising trend of temperature. It is not as important as how fast the temperature rises, but it must be increased. Increase in the temperature is not infinite, but if stagnation or temperature drop is detected, the mixture is necessary to be remixed. The mass automatically cools, but the temperature increases again due to ongoing reactions. In this way, the mixture is repeatedly heated and cooled, resulting in a typical tooth-like progress of the temperature.
• changes are very significant, but they diminish over time and fluctuations become flat, which is a typical feature of the gradual depletion of usable energy. Normally, temperatures above 55 °C are reached during the process; ideally, the temperature rises above 70-75 °C, sanitizing the mixture.
• the C02 content in the gaseous component of the mixture does not exceed 30% of the gaseous component volume.
• the nitrogen content in the gaseous component of the mixture does not exceed 25% of the gaseous component volume.
• the temperature after repeated mixing does not rise above 40 °C when measured, it is a sign of depletion of usable energy for the mixture processes and the process ends. In this case, the mixture has reached its maximum capacity and can be used as fuel. It is not unavoidable to always wait for this state to be reached, the process can be terminated earlier, but the fuel properties will be worse.
• this fuel Before using, this fuel can be sorted, crushed, complemented by some additives to improve the parameters, or dried and granulated, extruded, etc.
• an analysis is carried out for the control of chemical and physical fuel properties and for the control of elimination of pollutants, ideally for their complete degradation to non-hazardous substances.
• Humidity before combustion of the resulting material - fuel 33.6 % by weight
• Humidity before combustion of the resulting material - fuel 43.5 % by weight
• Humidity before combustion of the resulting material - fuel 54.9 % by weight
• Humidity before combustion of the resulting material - fuel 45.5 % by weight
• Humidity before combustion of the resulting material - fuel 39.4 % by weight
• composition of the waste material mixture according to the technical solution for the production of direct combustion fuel and the method of production of this fuel are intended for the industrial disposal of bio-waste, as well as the production of fuel for direct combustion or further treatment.

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• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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• 2016
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  • 2017-07-04 HU HUP1700296 patent/HUP1700296A2/hu not_active Application Discontinuation
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