WO2018099262A1 - 一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机 - Google Patents

一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018099262A1
WO2018099262A1 PCT/CN2017/110672 CN2017110672W WO2018099262A1 WO 2018099262 A1 WO2018099262 A1 WO 2018099262A1 CN 2017110672 W CN2017110672 W CN 2017110672W WO 2018099262 A1 WO2018099262 A1 WO 2018099262A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure foam
drilling
rock
drill pipe
drill
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PCT/CN2017/110672
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘送永
刘浩
江红祥
沈刚
王水林
李伟
唐玮
吴洪状
Original Assignee
中国矿业大学
徐州秩润矿山设备科技有限公司
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学, 徐州秩润矿山设备科技有限公司 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to CA3014355A priority Critical patent/CA3014355C/en
Priority to RU2018130011A priority patent/RU2685355C1/ru
Priority to DE112017000647.3T priority patent/DE112017000647B4/de
Publication of WO2018099262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018099262A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/04—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by devices with parts pressed mechanically against the wall of a borehole or a slit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E21B7/025—Rock drills, i.e. jumbo drills
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B6/00—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action
    • E21B6/02—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action the rotation being continuous
    • E21B6/04—Separate drives for percussion and rotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an rock drilling integrated machine, in particular to a drilling and rock drilling integrated machine based on high pressure foam medium, belonging to the technical field of rock drilling machinery.
  • the National 13th Five-Year Plan proposes to increase the proportion of non-fossil energy, promote the clean and efficient use of fossil energy such as coal, deepen the development of coal resources, green development of coal resources in the west, clean and efficient use of coal, and other key theoretical research and key technologies. Breakthroughs have been made; the level of safety technology and equipment has been greatly improved, and the exploration of hidden and disaster-causing factors in coal mines has progressed. In the process of coal mining, the imbalance of mining proportion has always been the main factor affecting the high productivity and high efficiency of coal mines in China. As China's underground space development and resource exploitation continue to move deeper, the hardness of rock in tunneling face is increasing, the frequency and intensity of rock burst. Both have increased significantly and security issues have become increasingly prominent.
  • the annual hard rock (f>10) roadway excavation project of state-owned key coal mines is more than 2000km.
  • the proportion of hard rock roadway excavation has been increasing, reaching about 1:3.1. Therefore, how to achieve hard rock (f >10) Safe and efficient construction of the tunneling face has become an urgent problem and problem.
  • the comprehensive excavation method is an advanced rock roadway excavation technology, but the unit specific energy consumption is too large during the hard rock excavation process, the bit loss is serious, the machine reliability and adaptability are poor, and it is not suitable for the development of hard rock roadway.
  • the hard rock roadway tunneling mainly adopts the drilling and blasting method, and the explosive blasting is used to realize the instantaneous blasting.
  • the processes such as rock breaking, drainage and support require their own special equipment.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a drilling and rock drilling integrated machine based on high-pressure foam medium, which has the advantages of collecting rock, rising and cracking, saving time and labor, and high efficiency and safety.
  • the high-pressure foam medium-based drilling and rock drilling integrated machine of the present invention comprises a power device, a drill pipe, a drill bit, a gear transmission mechanism and an impact piston, wherein the drill pipe has a central hole connecting the drill bit and a drill pipe a high-pressure foam conveying device is arranged thereon, a gear transmission mechanism and an impact piston are arranged at a rear portion of the high-pressure foam conveying device, and a sealing device is arranged at a front portion of the high-pressure foam conveying device;
  • the high-pressure foam conveying device comprises a left and right casing of the impact drill pipe, a connecting pipe connecting the left and right casings of the impact drill pipe to form a high-pressure foam conveying chamber, and the connecting pipe has a high pressure set on the drill pipe.
  • a foam conveying piston wherein the left and right casings of the impact drill pipe are respectively provided with left and right casing flow passages of the impact drill pipe, and the left and right casing flow passage outlets of the impact drill pipe are connected with a high pressure foam generation and conveying system
  • the drill pipe adjacent to the side of the right casing is provided with a high-pressure foam conveying reserved hole;
  • the high pressure foam generating and conveying system comprises a one-way valve, a supercharger, a mixer, a gas pump, and an electromagnetic reversing valve sequentially connected via a foam conveying line, and the mixer is provided with a liquid pump;
  • the sealing device comprises two opposite semi-cylindrical left and right buckles fastened on the drill rod, and the left and right buckles and the drill rod are provided with a steel wire expansion hose, and the left card A plurality of sealing holes are formed in the drill pipe between the buckle and the right buckle to communicate with the inner hole of the drill pipe.
  • the outer diameter of the high-pressure foam conveying piston is provided with a high-pressure foam conveying piston shaft sealing ring sealed with the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and the inner diameter is provided with a high-pressure foam conveying piston hole sealing ring sealed with the drill pipe.
  • the high-pressure foam conveying reserved holes are 2-4, arranged in a ring shape.
  • the sealed reserved holes are arranged in multiple groups, and are arranged at intervals, and each group has 2-4 holes arranged in a ring shape.
  • a drilling and rock drilling method for a drilling and rock drilling integrated machine based on a high-pressure foam medium comprising the following steps:
  • the power device When drilling and rock drilling, the power device is driven to drive the impact piston to reciprocate at high speed, so that the impact piston hits the drill pipe to realize the impact movement of the drill pipe.
  • the motor drives the gear transmission mechanism to operate, and the gear transmission mechanism is small.
  • the gear transmission big gear drives the drill rod to rotate, and the transmission big gear and the drill rod are connected by spline connection to realize the rotation process of the drill rod 3.
  • the drilling and rock drilling integrated machine punches the rock mass ;
  • the gas and the liquid pump are separately supplied to the mixer through the gas pump and mixed, and pressurized by the supercharger to generate a high pressure foam for the rock that rises;
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve is opened, the gas pump transports the gas along the left casing flow path to the left chamber of the high pressure foam conveying chamber, and pushes the high pressure foam piston to the right to move the high pressure foam piston to the high pressure foam conveying chamber. After the right side, the electromagnetic reversing valve is closed;
  • the high-pressure foam is transported to the right casing flow passage through the conveying pipeline and enters the high-pressure foam conveying chamber.
  • the high-pressure foam conveying piston moves to the left under the action of the high-pressure foam, and the high-pressure foam enters from the high-pressure foam conveying hole of the drill pipe.
  • the central hole of the drill pipe moves along the central hole of the drill pipe toward the drill bit portion.
  • a part of the high-pressure foam flows out from the sealed reserved hole, and the steel wire expansion hose of the sealing device is squeezed. Pressing action, the compressed steel wire expansion hose is inflated and close to the wall of the drill hole to achieve the sealing effect, and another part of the high pressure foam flows from the head hole of the drill bit into the bottom of the hole;
  • the gas pump and the liquid pump respectively deliver different gases and liquids, and the ratio of different gases to liquids is 3:1.
  • the high-pressure foam medium-based drilling and rock drilling integrated machine has the advantages of collecting rock and rocking, forming a free surface by using a rock drill opening, and performing high pressure foam fracturing. Expanding the internal cracks of the rock and reducing the mechanical properties of the rock and breaking the rock not only improve the development efficiency of the hard rock roadway, reduce the labor intensity of the workers, but also have the characteristics of high safety of the working environment. It can realize drilling and drilling continuous operation of drilling rock drill, which greatly shortens the drilling, sealing and cracking operation time of drilling rock drill, effectively improves the working efficiency of drilling rock drill, and improves the development efficiency and working environment of hard rock roadway. Safety reduces the labor intensity of workers.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, good use effect and wide practicality.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a half cross-sectional view of the high pressure foam delivery chamber of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the high pressure foam conveying piston sealing structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a half cross-sectional view of the plugging device of the present invention.
  • the high-pressure foam medium-based drilling and rock drilling integrated machine of the present invention comprises a power device 1 , a drill pipe 3 , a drill bit 8 , a gear transmission mechanism and an impact piston 21 , and a drill pipe 3 .
  • the inner hole is connected with a central hole for connecting the drill bit 8.
  • the drill rod 3 is provided with a high-pressure foam conveying device, and the rear part of the high-pressure foam conveying device is provided with a gear transmission mechanism and an impact piston 21, and the sealing device 7 is stuck in front of the high-pressure foam conveying device. unit.
  • the power device 1 includes a hydraulic pump, a cylinder block and a reversing valve, and is connected with the impact piston 21 through a piston front guide sleeve to push the impact piston 21 to achieve a high-speed reciprocating impact.
  • the gear transmission mechanism includes a motor 17, a motor output shaft 18, a transmission pinion 19 provided on the motor output shaft 18, and a transmission bull gear 20 meshing with the transmission pinion 19, and the transmission gear 20 is fixed to the drill pipe 3. on.
  • the impact piston 3 realizes high-speed reciprocating motion under the action of the power device 1, and promotes the impact of the drill pipe.
  • the motor 17 drives the gear transmission mechanism, the large gear 19 and the drill pipe are spline-fitted, the large gear 19 rotates to drive the drill pipe 3 to realize the rotary motion, and the rock for the high-pressure foam cracking working face is impact drilled to form a high-pressure foam. Crack pre-drilled.
  • the high pressure foam generating and conveying system includes a one-way valve 13 sequentially connected via a foam conveying line 14, a supercharger 12, a mixer 11, a gas pump 9, and an electromagnetic reversing valve 16, the mixer 11
  • a liquid pump 10 is provided thereon; by adjusting the delivery flow rate of the gas pump 9 and the liquid pump 10, gas-liquid mixing in different ratios is achieved.
  • a check valve is provided in the gas pump delivery line, the liquid pump delivery line, the supercharger line, and the high pressure foam delivery line to the left and right housing flow paths 2-1, 6-1.
  • the gas pump 9 is connected to the mixer 11 and the left casing flow passage 2-1 through a pipeline, and the liquid pump 10 is connected to the mixer 11 .
  • the gas pump 9 and the liquid pump 10 respectively deliver gas and liquid to the mixer 11 , mixing The post-foam is pressurized by the supercharger 12 and delivered to the right casing flow path 6-1.
  • the high-pressure foam conveying device comprises a left and right casing 2, 6 of the impact drill pipe, and a connecting pipe connecting the left and right casings 2 and 6 of the impact drill pipe to form a high-pressure foam conveying chamber 4, wherein the connecting pipe is provided
  • the high-pressure foam conveying piston 5 is disposed on the drill pipe 3, and the high-pressure foam conveying piston 5 is provided with a high-pressure foam conveying piston shaft sealing ring 5-1 sealed with the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and the inner diameter is provided with The high pressure foam of the drill pipe 3 phase seals the piston hole seal ring 5-2.
  • the left and right casings 2, 6 of the impact drill pipe are respectively provided with impact drill rod left and right casing flow passages 2-1, 6-1, and the impact drill rod left and right casing flow passages 2-1
  • the 6-1 outlet is connected with a high-pressure foam generating and conveying system
  • the drill pipe 3 adjacent to the right side of the right casing is provided with a high-pressure foam conveying reserved hole 3-1
  • the high-pressure foam conveying reserved hole 3-1 is 2 - 4, arranged in a ring.
  • the connecting pipe of the high-pressure foam conveying chamber 4 is connected to the impact drill pipe left casing 2 and the impact drill pipe right casing 6 through the high-strength bolt 15, and the right casing of the impact drill pipe is closely attached to the drill pipe 3 by the bolt 15 Side machining bosses.
  • the sealing device 7 comprises two pairs of semi-cylindrical left buckles 7-1 and right buckles 7-3 which are fastened to the drill rod 3 and are spaced and fixed on the drill pipe 3.
  • the two pairs of semi-cylindrical left buckles 7-1 and right buckles 7-3 are respectively provided with snap-fit bolt holes 7-4, and the left buckles 7-1 and the right buckles 7-3 are drilled.
  • Both ends of the groove of the rod 3 are respectively provided with a drill tail seal snap end seal 7-5, and a left expansion buckle 7-1 and a right buckle 7-3 and the drill pipe 3 are provided with a steel expansion hose 7-2 ,left
  • the drill pipe 3 between the buckle 7-1 and the right buckle 7-3 is provided with a plurality of sealing reserved holes 3-2 communicating with the inner hole of the drill pipe 3, and the sealing reserved holes 3-2 are a plurality of groups. Arranged at intervals of 2-4 holes in each group, arranged in a ring shape.
  • the method for drilling and rock drilling based on high pressure foam medium of the invention has the following specific steps:
  • the power device 1 When drilling the rock, the power device 1 is turned on, and the power device 1 drives the impact piston 21 to reciprocate under the impact frequency ⁇ 36 Hz, so that the impact piston 21 hits the drill pipe 3 to realize the impact movement of the drill pipe, and at the same time, the motor 17 Driving the gear transmission mechanism, the pinion 19 in the gear transmission mechanism drives the large gear 20 and drives the drill rod 3 to rotate, and the transmission large gear 20 and the drill rod 3 are connected by spline connection to realize the rotation process of the drill rod 3, in impact and Under the joint action of the slewing, the drilling and rock drilling integrated machine punches the rock mass;
  • the gas and the liquid pump 10 are separately supplied with the gas pump 10 to be mixed into the mixer 11, and pressurized by the supercharger 12 to generate a high-pressure foam for the rock that is fluctuating; the gas pump 9 And the liquid pump 10 respectively delivers a gas to liquid ratio of 3:1 gas and liquid, and the gas and liquid are respectively sent to the mixer 11 through the check valve 13, and the delivered gas and liquid generate low pressure foam under the action of the mixer 11, resulting in After the low pressure foam is pressurized by the supercharger 12, it flows into the high pressure foam delivery chamber 4 through the flow port 6-1 of the right casing 6.
  • the gas-liquid ratio is the main factor affecting the viscosity of the foam. When the ratio of gas to liquid is ⁇ 1, the viscosity of the foam is low. When the ratio is >1, the viscosity of the foam increases with the increase of the gas injection amount; 3:1
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve 16 is opened, and the gas pump 9 transports the gas along the left casing flow passage 2-1 to the left chamber of the high pressure foam conveying chamber 4, pushing the high pressure foam piston 5 to the right to be moved to the right. 5 after moving to the right side of the high pressure foam conveying chamber 4, the electromagnetic reversing valve 16 is closed;
  • the high pressure foam is transported through the transfer line 14 to the right casing flow passage 6-1, into the high pressure foam delivery chamber 4 through the flow passage 6-1, and the high pressure foam acts on the right end surface of the high pressure foam delivery piston 5, pushing
  • the high pressure foam conveying piston 5 moves to the left, and during the movement of the high pressure foam piston 5 to the left, the high pressure foam enters the center hole of the drill pipe from the high pressure foam conveying reserved hole 3-1 of the drill pipe 3, along the center hole of the drill pipe Moving to the drill portion 8, during the movement of the central hole of the drill pipe 3, a part of the high-pressure foam flows out of the sealed reserved hole 3-2, and the steel expansion tube 7-2 of the sealing device 7 is pressed.
  • the compressed steel wire expansion hose 7-2 is inflated and abuts against the wall of the drill hole to seal, and another part of the high pressure foam flows from the head hole of the drill bit 8 into the bottom of the hole; the sealing device 7 passes through two pairs of semi-cylindrical left cards
  • the buckle 7-1 and the right buckle 7-3 fasten the steel expansion hose 7-2 to the drill pipe 3, and the steel expansion hose can be replaced after failure.
  • the high-pressure foam is transported along the through hole of the drill pipe 3 to the pre-drilled bottom of the drill bit 8 for fracturing the rock, so that the high-pressure foam gathers at the bottom of the hole to form a high-pressure closed region, and the rock mass is raised by the high-pressure foam.
  • the right side of the high-pressure foam conveying chamber 4 is changed from the high-pressure zone to the low-pressure zone.
  • the left side of the high-pressure foam conveying chamber 4 is changed from the low-pressure zone to the high-pressure zone, and the high-pressure foam piston 5 is pushed to the initial position.
  • the continuity of high pressure foam fracturing is achieved.

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Abstract

一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，包括：钻涨凿岩一体机机械装置、高压泡沫生成与输送系统和封孔装置。所述的钻涨凿岩一体机包括动力装置(1)、冲击活塞(21)、电机(17)、传动齿轮组、冲击旋转钻头(8)、钻杆(3)、钻孔密封装置（7）、高压泡沫输送腔室（4）、高压泡沫生成与输送系统等，所述的高压泡沫生成与输送系统包括液体泵(10)、气体泵(9)、液气混合器(11)与增压器(12)，可根据不同岩石硬度工况调节液气混合比例与输送压力。该钻涨凿岩一体机有效解决了现有钻进凿岩机钻孔、封孔与涨裂作业的效率低、工序复杂等问题，避免钻进凿岩机由于工作面钻孔、封孔作业引起的封孔与涨裂误差，实现钻涨凿岩一体机钻涨连续作业，有效提高了钻进凿岩机的作业效率。

Description

一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种凿岩一体机，尤其是一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，属于凿岩机械技术领域。
背景技术
国家“十三五”规划提出，要提高非化石能源比重，推动煤炭等化石能源清洁高效利用，深部煤炭资源安全开发、西部煤炭资源绿色开发、煤炭清洁高效利用等基础理论研究与关键技术攻关需取得突破；安全技术装备水平大幅提升，煤矿隐蔽致灾因素探查取得进展。而在煤矿开采过程中，采掘比例失调一直是影响我国煤矿高产高效的主要因素，随着我国地下空间开发与资源开采不断走向深部，掘进工作面岩石硬度不断增大，岩爆的频度和强度均明显增加，安全问题也日益突出。据统计，仅国有重点煤矿每年硬岩(f＞10)巷道掘进工程量在2000km以上，近年来硬岩巷道掘进占比不断增大，已达到1∶3.1左右，因此，如何实现硬岩(f＞10)掘进工作面安全高效施工已成为亟待解决的问题和难题。综掘法是一种先进的岩巷掘进技术，但在硬岩掘进过程中单位比能耗过大，钻头损耗严重，机器可靠性和适应性较差，不适用于硬岩巷道的开拓。目前，硬岩巷道掘进的主要采用钻爆法，利用炸药实现瞬间爆破，其破岩、排矸和支护等工艺需要各自的专用设备，受作业空间和作业面的限制，难以实现同时和连续性的掘进，且围岩破坏严重，机械化程度低，严重影响了安全、高效生产的目的，同时，工人劳动强度大，粉尘、设备施工噪音影响作业人员身体健康。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中存在的不足，提供一种具有集凿岩、涨裂于一身、省时省力、高效安全的基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机。
技术方案：本发明的基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，包括动力装置、钻杆、钻头、齿轮传动机构和冲击活塞，所述的钻杆内部开有连通钻头的中心孔，钻杆上设有高压泡沫输送装置，高压泡沫输送装置的后部设置齿轮传动机构和冲击活塞，高压泡沫输送装置的前部卡装有封孔装置；
所述的高压泡沫输送装置包括冲击钻杆左、右壳体、连接在冲击钻杆左、右壳体之间构成高压泡沫输送腔室的连接管，连接管内设有套装在钻杆上的高压泡沫输送活塞，所述冲击钻杆左、右壳体上分别设有冲击钻杆左、右壳体流道，所述冲击钻杆左、右壳体流道出口连通有高压泡沫生成与输送系统，所述临近右壳体一侧的钻杆上开有高压泡沫输送预留孔；
所述的高压泡沫生成与输送系统包括经泡沫输送管路依次连接的单向阀、增压器、混合器、气体泵、和电磁换向阀，所述的混合器上设有液体泵；
所述的封孔装置包括间隔紧固在钻杆上的两个对半圆柱形的左卡扣和右卡扣，左卡扣和右卡扣与钻杆之间套装有钢丝膨胀胶管，左卡扣和右卡扣之间的钻杆上开有多个与钻杆内孔相通的密封预留孔。
所述的高压泡沫输送活塞的外径上设有与连接管内壁相密封的高压泡沫输送活塞轴密封圈，内径上设有与钻杆相密封的高压泡沫输送活塞孔密封圈。
所述的高压泡沫输送预留孔为2-4个，呈环形排列。
所述的密封预留孔为多组，间隔布置，每组2-4个孔，呈环形排列。
一种上述基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机的钻涨凿岩方法，包括如下步骤：
a.钻涨凿岩时，开启由动力装置，动力装置带动冲击活塞高速往复运动，使冲击活塞撞击钻杆实现钻杆的冲击运动，同时，电机带动齿轮传动机构动作，齿轮传动机构中的小齿轮传动大齿轮并带动钻杆转动，传动大齿轮与钻杆通过花键配合连接，实现钻杆3的回转过程，在冲击与回转联合作用下，钻涨凿岩一体机对岩体进行打孔；
b.在完成钻孔后，通过气体泵与液体泵分别输送气体和液体至混合器中混合，并通过增压器增压后生成用于涨裂岩石的高压泡沫；
c.电磁换向阀开启，气体泵将气体沿左壳体流道输送至高压泡沫输送腔室的左侧腔室内，推动高压泡沫活塞向右移动，待高压泡沫活塞移动至高压泡沫输送腔室右侧后，电磁换向阀关闭；
d.高压泡沫经输送管路输送至右壳体流道中，进入高压泡沫输送腔室，高压泡沫输送活塞在高压泡沫的作用下向左移动，高压泡沫从钻杆的高压泡沫输送预留孔进入钻杆的中心孔，沿钻杆的中心孔向钻头部运动，高压泡沫在钻杆中心孔的运动过程中，一部分高压泡沫从密封预留孔中流出，对封孔装置的钢丝膨胀胶管形成挤压作用，受压的钢丝膨胀胶管膨胀后紧贴钻孔孔壁，达到密封效果，另一部分高压泡沫从钻头的头部孔隙流入孔底；
e.持续注入高压泡沫，使高压泡沫聚集于孔底形成高压封闭区域，岩体在高压泡沫作用下被涨裂；岩石涨裂后，高压泡沫输送腔室的右侧从高压区变为低压区，此时高压泡沫输送腔室左侧由低压区变为高压区，推动高压泡沫活塞至初始位置，一次涨裂周期结束。
所述气体泵和液体泵分别输送不同的气体和液体，不同的气体和液体的比为3∶1。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明提供的基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，具有集凿岩、涨裂于一身，利用凿岩机开孔形成自由面，通过高压泡沫压裂作用使岩石内部裂隙扩展和降低岩石力学性能并破碎岩石，不仅具有提高硬岩巷道的开拓效率，降低了工人劳动强度，而且具有高了工作环境的安全性等特点。可实现钻进凿岩机钻涨连续作业，极大缩短了钻进凿岩机钻孔、封孔与涨裂作业时间，有效提高了钻进凿岩机的作业效率，提高了硬岩巷道的开拓效率与工作环境的安全性，降低了工人劳动强度。其结构简单，操作方便，使用效果好，具有广泛的实用性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明中高压泡沫输送腔室的半剖视图；
图3是本发明中高压泡沫输送活塞密封结构的局部放大视图；
图4是本发明中封孔装置的半剖视图。
图中：1-动力装置；2-冲击钻杆左壳体；2-1-左壳体流道；3-钻杆；3-1-高压泡沫输送预留孔；3-2-密封预留孔；4-高压泡沫输送腔室；5-高压泡沫输送活塞；5-1-高压泡沫输送活塞轴密封圈；5-2-高压泡沫输送活塞孔密封圈；6-冲击钻杆右壳体；6-1-右壳体流道； 7-封孔装置；7-1-左卡扣；7-2-钢丝膨胀胶管；7-3-封右卡扣；7-4-卡扣配合螺栓口；7-5-钻头尾部密封卡扣端部密封圈；8-钻头；9-气体泵；10-液体泵；11-混合器；12-增压器；13-单向阀；14-高压泡沫输送管路；15-高强螺栓；16-电磁换向阀；17-电机；18-电机输出轴；19-传动小齿轮；20-传动大齿轮；21-冲击活塞。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述：
如图1、图2和图3所示，本发明的基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，包括动力装置1、钻杆3、钻头8、齿轮传动机构和冲击活塞21，钻杆3内部开有连通钻头8的中心孔，钻杆3上设有高压泡沫输送装置，高压泡沫输送装置的后部设置齿轮传动机构和冲击活塞21，封孔装置7卡装在高压泡沫输送装置的前部。
所述的动力装置1包括液压泵、缸体、换向阀，与冲击活塞21通过活塞前导套连接，推动冲击活塞21实现高速往复冲击作用。
所述的齿轮传动机构包括电机17、电机输出轴18、设在电机输出轴18上的传动小齿轮19和与传动小齿轮19相啮合的传动大齿轮20，传动大齿轮20固定在钻杆3上。
所述钻杆3在冲击活塞21与电机轴18带动的传动小齿轮19与传动大齿轮20啮合传动联合作用下，冲击活塞21在动力装置1作用下实现高速往复运动，推动钻杆实现冲击作用，电机17带动齿轮传动机构，大齿轮19与钻杆通过花键配合，大齿轮19旋转带动钻杆3实现回转运动，对进行高压泡沫涨裂工作面的岩石进行冲击钻孔，形成高压泡沫涨裂预钻孔。
所述的高压泡沫生成与输送系统包括经泡沫输送管路14依次连接的单向阀13、增压器12、混合器11、气体泵9、和电磁换向阀16，所述的混合器11上设有液体泵10；通过调节气体泵9与液体泵10的输送流量，实现不同比例的气液混合。在气体泵输送管路、液体泵输送管路、增压器管路和高压泡沫输送管路至左、右壳体流道2-1、6-1均设有单向阀。气体泵9分别与混合器11、左壳体流道2-1通过管路连接，液体泵10与混合器11连接，当气体泵9与液体泵10分别输送气体、液体至混合器11，混合后的泡沫通过增压器12增压后，输送至右壳体流道6-1中。
所述的高压泡沫输送装置包括冲击钻杆左、右壳体2、6、连接在冲击钻杆左、右壳体2、6之间构成高压泡沫输送腔室4的连接管，连接管内设有套装在钻杆3上的高压泡沫输送活塞5，所述的高压泡沫输送活塞5的外径上设有与连接管内壁相密封的高压泡沫输送活塞轴密封圈5-1，内径上设有与钻杆3相密封的高压泡沫输送活塞孔密封圈5-2。所述冲击钻杆左、右壳体2、6上分别设有冲击钻杆左、右壳体流道2-1、6-1，所述冲击钻杆左、右壳体流道2-1、6-1出口连通有高压泡沫生成与输送系统，所述临近右壳体一侧的钻杆3上开有高压泡沫输送预留孔3-1，高压泡沫输送预留孔3-1为2-4个，呈环形排列。；高压泡沫输送腔室4的连接管通过高强螺栓15与冲击钻杆左壳体2和冲击钻杆右壳体6连接，冲击钻杆右壳体在螺栓15的作用下紧贴钻杆3左侧加工凸台。
如图4所示，所述的封孔装置7包括间隔紧固在钻杆3上的用于钻孔底部密封的两个对半圆柱形的左卡扣7-1和右卡扣7-3，两个对半圆柱形的左卡扣7-1和右卡扣7-3上分别设有卡扣配合螺栓口7-4，左卡扣7-1和右卡扣7-3顶靠钻杆3凹槽的两端分别设有钻头尾部密封卡扣端部密封圈7-5，左卡扣7-1和右卡扣7-3与钻杆3之间套装有钢丝膨胀胶管7-2，左 卡扣7-1和右卡扣7-3之间的钻杆3上开有多个与钻杆3内孔相通的密封预留孔3-2，密封预留孔3-2为多组，间隔布置，每组2-4个孔，呈环形排列。
本发明的基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩方法，具体步骤如下：
a.钻涨凿岩时，开启由动力装置1，动力装置1带动冲击活塞21在冲击频率≥36Hz条件下往复运动，使冲击活塞21撞击钻杆3实现钻杆的冲击运动，同时，电机17带动齿轮传动机构动作，齿轮传动机构中的小齿轮19传动大齿轮20并带动钻杆3转动，传动大齿轮20与钻杆3通过花键配合连接，实现钻杆3的回转过程，在冲击与回转联合作用下，钻涨凿岩一体机对岩体进行打孔；
b.在完成钻孔后，通过气体泵9与液体泵10分别输送气体和液体至混合器11中混合，并通过增压器12增压后生成用于涨裂岩石的高压泡沫；气体泵9和液体泵10分别输送气液比为3∶1气体和液体，气体和液体分别经过单向阀13输送至混合器11，输送的气体和液体在混合器11的作用下生成低压泡沫，产生的低压泡沫通过增压器12增压后，经右壳体6的流道口6-1流入高压泡沫输送腔室4中。所述气液比例是影响泡沫粘度的主要因素，气体与液体比例＜1时，泡沫具有的粘度较低，比例＞1时，泡沫粘度随着气体注入量的增加而增加；通常取气体液体比例为3∶1
c.电磁换向阀16开启，气体泵9将气体沿左壳体流道2-1输送至高压泡沫输送腔室4的左侧腔室内，推动高压泡沫活塞5向右移动，待高压泡沫活塞5移动至高压泡沫输送腔室4右侧后，电磁换向阀16关闭；
d.高压泡沫经输送管路14输送至右壳体流道6-1中，通过流道口6-1进入高压泡沫输送腔室4中，高压泡沫作用于高压泡沫输送活塞5的右端面，推动高压泡沫输送活塞5向左移动，高压泡沫活塞5在向左移动的过程中，高压泡沫从钻杆3的高压泡沫输送预留孔3-1进入钻杆的中心孔，沿钻杆的中心孔向钻头部8运动，高压泡沫在钻杆3中心孔的运动过程中，一部分高压泡沫从密封预留孔3-2中流出，对封孔装置7的钢丝膨胀胶管7-2形成挤压作用，受压的钢丝膨胀胶管7-2膨胀后紧贴钻孔孔壁，起到密封作用，另一部分高压泡沫从钻头8的头部孔隙流入孔底；封孔装置7通过两对半圆柱形左卡扣7-1和右卡扣7-3将钢丝膨胀胶管7-2紧固在钻杆3上，钢丝膨胀胶管可在失效后更换。
e.持续注入高压泡沫，高压泡沫沿钻杆3通孔输送至钻头8预钻孔底用于涨裂岩石，使高压泡沫聚集于孔底形成高压封闭区域，岩体在高压泡沫作用下被涨裂；岩石涨裂后，高压泡沫输送腔室4的右侧从高压区变为低压区，此时高压泡沫输送腔室4左侧由低压区变为高压区，推动高压泡沫活塞5至初始位置，一次涨裂周期结束，实现高压泡沫压裂的连续性。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，包括动力装置(1)、钻杆(3)、钻头(8)、齿轮传动机构和冲击活塞(21)，其特征在于：所述的钻杆(3)内部开有连通钻头(8)的中心孔，钻杆(3)上设有高压泡沫输送装置，高压泡沫输送装置的后部设置齿轮传动机构和冲击活塞(21)，高压泡沫输送装置的前部卡装有封孔装置(7)；
    所述的高压泡沫输送装置包括冲击钻杆左、右壳体(2、6)、连接在冲击钻杆左、右壳体(2、6)之间构成高压泡沫输送腔室(4)的连接管，连接管内设有套装在钻杆(3)上的高压泡沫输送活塞(5)，所述冲击钻杆左、右壳体(2、6)上分别设有冲击钻杆左、右壳体流道(2-1、6-1)，所述冲击钻杆左、右壳体流道(2-1、6-1)出口连通有高压泡沫生成与输送系统，所述临近右壳体一侧的钻杆(3)上开有高压泡沫输送预留孔(3-1)；
    所述的高压泡沫生成与输送系统包括经泡沫输送管路(14)依次连接的单向阀(13)、增压器(12)、混合器(11)、气体泵(9)、和电磁换向阀(16)，所述的混合器(11)上设有液体泵(10)；
    所述的封孔装置(7)包括间隔紧固在钻杆(3)上的两个对半圆柱形的左卡扣(7-1)和右卡扣(7-3)，左卡扣(7-1)和右卡扣(7-3)与钻杆(3)之间套装有钢丝膨胀胶管(7-2)，左卡扣(7-1)和右卡扣(7-3)之间的钻杆(3)上开有多个与钻杆(3)内孔相通的密封预留孔(3-2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，其特征在于：所述的高压泡沫输送活塞(5)的外径上设有与连接管内壁相密封的高压泡沫输送活塞轴密封圈(5-1)，内径上设有与钻杆(3)相密封的高压泡沫输送活塞孔密封圈(5-2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，其特征在于：所述的高压泡沫输送预留孔(3-1)为2-4个，呈环形排列。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机，其特征在于：所述的密封预留孔(3-2)为多组，间隔布置，每组2-4个孔，呈环形排列。
  5. 一种使用权利要求1所述基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩一体机的钻涨凿岩方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    a.钻涨凿岩时，开启动力装置(1)，动力装置(1)带动冲击活塞(21)在冲击频率≥36Hz条件下往复运动，使冲击活塞(21)撞击钻杆(3)实现钻杆的冲击运动，同时，电机(17)带动齿轮传动机构动作，齿轮传动机构中的小齿轮(19)传动大齿轮(20)并带动钻杆转动，传动大齿轮(20)与钻杆3通过花键配合连接，实现钻杆(3)的回转过程，在冲击与回转联合作用下，钻涨凿岩一体机对岩体进行打孔；
    b.在完成钻孔后，通过气体泵(9)与液体泵(10)分别输送气体和液体至混合器(11)中混合，并通过增压器(12)增压后生成用于涨裂岩石的高压泡沫；
    c.电磁换向阀(16)开启，气体泵(9)将气体沿左壳体流道(2-1)输送至高压泡沫输送腔室(4)的左侧腔室内，推动高压泡沫活塞(5)向右移动，待高压泡沫活塞(5)移动至高压泡沫输送腔室(4)右侧后，电磁换向阀(16)关闭；
    d.高压泡沫经输送管路(14)输送至右壳体流道(6-1)中，进入高压泡沫输送腔室(4)，高压泡沫输送活塞(5)在高压泡沫的作用下向左移动，高压泡沫从钻杆(3)的高压泡沫输送预留孔(3-1)进入钻杆的中心孔，沿钻杆的中心孔向钻头部(8)运动，高压泡沫在钻杆(3)中心孔的运动过程中，一部分高压泡沫从密封预留孔(3-2)中流出，对封孔装置(7)的钢丝膨胀胶管(7-2)形成挤压作用，受压的钢丝膨胀胶管(7-2)膨胀后紧贴钻孔孔壁，达到密封效 果，另一部分高压泡沫从钻头(8)的头部孔隙流入孔底；
    e.持续注入高压泡沫，使高压泡沫聚集于孔底形成高压封闭区域，岩体在高压泡沫作用下被涨裂；岩石涨裂后，高压泡沫输送腔室(4)的右侧从高压区变为低压区，此时高压泡沫输送腔室(4)左侧由低压区变为高压区，推动高压泡沫活塞(5)至初始位置，一次涨裂周期结束。
  6. 一种根据权利要求5所述基于高压泡沫介质的钻涨凿岩方法，其特征在于：所述气体泵(9)和液体泵(10)分别输送不同的气体和液体，不同的气体和液体的比为3∶1。
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