WO2018098606A1 - 使用以太网与rs-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置 - Google Patents

使用以太网与rs-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置 Download PDF

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WO2018098606A1
WO2018098606A1 PCT/CN2016/000668 CN2016000668W WO2018098606A1 WO 2018098606 A1 WO2018098606 A1 WO 2018098606A1 CN 2016000668 W CN2016000668 W CN 2016000668W WO 2018098606 A1 WO2018098606 A1 WO 2018098606A1
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data
station
vibration
distributed monitoring
distributed
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PCT/CN2016/000668
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐善辉
罗维炳
张学彬
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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/000668 priority Critical patent/WO2018098606A1/zh
Publication of WO2018098606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018098606A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks

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  • the invention relates to a vibration monitoring synchronous data transmission method, in particular to a high-precision synchronous data transmission method and device for a vibration monitoring system using an Ethernet and an RS-232 serial port to work together.
  • the vibration monitoring system is widely used in many fields such as geological disasters, engineering construction and industrial mine production monitoring. Different from other types of monitoring systems, the time synchronization problem of the vibration monitoring system is a necessary condition to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the system. Only the strict synchronization of the time between the monitoring stations (generally requiring microseconds or more) is solved by the vibration data. The calculated vibration point position and energy level are correct. There are many ways to synchronize, including GPS timing, atomic clock timing, network time server, and more.
  • GPS timing is the most commonly used technical means. It is necessary to install a GPS timing module on each distributed monitoring station of the monitoring system to add GPS time information to the vibration sampling data acquired by the monitoring station.
  • the disadvantage of this technical solution is that since GPS signal acquisition requires certain positional conditions, it is generally required that the monitoring station receives a certain number of satellites to complete the timing, and the underground conditions such as mountains, forests, watersides and some mines are limited due to signals. Timing work cannot be completed.
  • the atomic clock does not need to consider the problem of signal reception, but because the atomic clock is expensive and requires some technical support in the embedded system, it is generally not widely used.
  • the network time server has high precision and can realize Ethernet synchronization automatically, but the price is also expensive.
  • the hardware requirements of the network nodes in the distributed system are strict, and a dedicated network module supporting the network time synchronization protocol is required to complete.
  • the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art in the prior art, and provides a high-precision synchronous data transmission method for a vibration monitoring system which is widely used in a wide-area environment and which is compatible with an Ethernet and an RS-232 serial port, and aims to provide a high-precision synchronous data transmission method.
  • Apparatus for implementing the method is aforementioned.
  • the high-precision digital transmission method of the vibration monitoring system using the Ethernet and the RS-232 serial port cooperates with the central station (Central Station, CS for short) of the vibration monitoring system and a plurality of distributions distributed in the monitoring area.
  • Monitor Station uses Ethernet to form a LAN; Ethernet is responsible for The network transmission of sensor vibration data, using serial RS-232 to connect the distributed monitoring stations and the central station, the serial port RS-232 is responsible for transmitting the second pulse signal output by the GPS module to each distributed vibration monitoring station in real time, distributed
  • the monitoring station samples the vibration data and the GPS pulse signal and sends it to the central station via Ethernet.
  • the central station then performs data processing according to the pulse signal to synchronize the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations.
  • the vibration position is solved according to the synchronized data.
  • the system uses both Ethernet and serial RS-232 communication technologies to realize synchronous data communication between distributed monitoring stations and between distributed monitoring stations and central stations, the system can fully utilize its advantages and use Technology can maximize the use of low-cost general-purpose equipment to build vibration monitoring systems. It is applied to synchronous data transmission in distributed vibration monitoring system, and has the advantages of wide application environment and low cost.
  • the first part is the central station, which is responsible for system control, data recovery and storage and data solving of the entire acquisition system;
  • the second part is the fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the central station.
  • the third part is the GPS timing system, which includes the GPS antenna and GPS receiver, the serial port outputs the second pulse signal and the timing information, and needs to receive more than 4 satellites when starting up for the first time.
  • the signal can be positioned and timed. After the positioning is completed, even if only one satellite GPS signal can be received, the timing can be completed.
  • the fourth part is the serial port-fiber conversion module, which converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal.
  • the fifth part is one or more optical switches.
  • the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; 6th and 7th.
  • the departments are distributed monitoring stations and three-component geophones connected to them. It should be noted that when the physical connection used by the first part of the central station and the sixth part of the monitoring station is a wireless connection instead of a fiber connection, the second and fifth parts are changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch. And serial-to-wireless conversion module.
  • the vibration monitoring system using this method needs to be realized by 7 major parts: 1 central station, responsible for system control, data recovery and storage, and data solving of the entire acquisition system; 1 fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the center Fiber-optic Ethernet connection between station and distributed monitoring stations; 1 GPS timing module, including GPS antenna and GPS receiver, serial output second pulse signal and timing information, need to receive more than 4 satellite signals when starting up for the first time In order to complete the positioning and timing, even if only one satellite GPS signal can be received after the positioning is completed, the timing can be completed; a serial port-fiber conversion module converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal; Or multiple optical switches, when the distributed monitoring station and the central station need to be connected in parallel, the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; the sixth and seventh parts are distributed monitoring stations respectively.
  • the second and fifth parts have to be changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch and a serial-to-wireless conversion. Module. Or one of the parts is wireless, depending on the actual deployment needs of the monitoring system.
  • the optical cable used to connect the distributed monitoring stations needs at least 3 cores, one for Ethernet data transmission and one for serial RS-232 transmission. It should be pointed out that, unlike the conventional serial port optical fiber communication, the serial port RS-232 signal transmission in the implementation of the technology is only sent by the GPS module of the central station to the various distributed monitoring stations, and the distribution is distributed. The type monitoring station does not need to return the signal, so the optical cable responsible for serial RS-232 signal transmission only needs one-way transmission.
  • the timing information output by the GPS module is not given to any network node in the vibration monitoring system. All distributed monitoring stations and host systems use the original RTC time, and only use the high precision output by the GPS module.
  • the second pulse signal performs signal synchronization between the distributed monitoring stations. Since the vibration monitoring system does not require accurate time for vibration occurrence, and for solving the vibration position information, it is only required to ensure that the vibration data used by each distributed monitoring station in the data solution are relatively synchronized with each other (synchronization accuracy is less than The sampling rate) can accurately calculate the spatial position of the vibration point.
  • the time of vibration is defined by the system time of the central station.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: the control unit CM of the distributed monitoring station uses ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and is more suitable for Ethernet support. Good; vibration data acquisition module AD, is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function, high acquisition accuracy, sampling rate up to 4K; at the same time using FPGA to be responsible for logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion .
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for multi-wave multi-component vibration signal acquisition, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output via the fiber-serial RS-232 conversion module FOM2.
  • the optical switching module FOM1 for Ethernet communication provides the Ethernet connection to the current monitoring station as well as the next one.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial port. RS-232 transceiver.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: CM is the control unit of the distributed monitoring station, using ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and is more suitable for Ethernet support. Good; AD is the acquisition module, which is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function. The acquisition accuracy is high, and the sampling rate is up to 4K. At the same time, FPGA is used to be responsible for logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for collecting the vibration signals in the three directions of Z, X, and Y, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output through the FOM2 module.
  • Signal, the output signal is 1PPS seconds Punch signal.
  • FOM1 is a photoelectric conversion module for Ethernet communication
  • FOM2 is a photoelectric conversion module for RS-232 communication.
  • the serial port photoelectric conversion module FOM2 in each distributed monitoring station the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system, and provides digital 3.3V, 5V, and analog ⁇ 2.5V power supply.
  • the input is powered by 12V DC.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial RS-232 transceiver.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted via the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent across all distributed monitoring stations, and due to the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station. It is strictly synchronized, so after the data is transmitted back to the central station, as long as the data is aligned according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the three-component vibration acquisition data between the distributed monitoring stations is realized. Time synchronization.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted by the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent on all distributed monitoring stations, and the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strict. Synchronous, so as long as the data alignment is performed according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the data time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition between the distributed monitoring stations is realized.
  • the central station control center first issues the power-on commands of the distributed monitoring stations. After the power-on of each distributed monitoring station, the data acquisition is automatically started, and the GPS pulse and detector from the serial port RS-232 are successfully collected. After the data is maintained in the data collection state but the data is not returned, the ready state is sent to the operation center. The operation center ensures that all distributed monitoring stations can normally collect and send data recovery instructions. All distributed monitoring stations receive the instruction in the same second. The real-time data is transmitted back. After receiving the data, the control center continuously synchronizes the returned data in seconds, and then performs file storage and data processing.
  • each distributed monitoring station After obtaining the vibration data, each distributed monitoring station needs to transmit the Ethernet network with smaller data packets, that is, transmit immediately after the vibration sampling, ensuring the real-time performance of the data transmission, and since the Ethernet transmission delay is far less than 1 s, That is, it can be controlled within the second pulse signal, so the second pulse signal can be used for correction.
  • This has the additional advantage of using a serial RS-232 auxiliary pulse signal synchronization method that does not require the addition of additional time information in the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations.
  • the device for implementing the method of the present invention forms a local area network (Central Station, CS for short) and a plurality of distributed monitoring stations (Monitor Stations, MS) distributed in the monitoring area to form a local area network by using Ethernet.
  • Ethernet is responsible for the network transmission of sensor vibration data.
  • serial RS-232 is used to connect the distributed monitoring stations and the central station.
  • the serial port RS-232 is responsible for transmitting the second pulse signal output by the GPS module to each distributed vibration monitoring in real time.
  • the station, the distributed monitoring station samples the vibration data and the GPS pulse signal and sends it to the central station via Ethernet.
  • the central station then performs data processing according to the pulse signal to synchronize the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations, and finally solves the vibration position based on the synchronized data. Because the system uses both Ethernet and serial RS-232 communication technologies to realize synchronous data communication between distributed monitoring stations and between distributed monitoring stations and central stations, the system can fully utilize its advantages and use Technology can maximize the use of low-cost general-purpose equipment to build vibration monitoring systems. It has the advantages of wide application environment and low cost.
  • the first part is the central station, which is responsible for system control, data recovery and storage and data solving of the entire acquisition system;
  • the second part is the fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the central station.
  • the third part is the GPS timing system, which includes the GPS antenna and GPS receiver, the serial port outputs the second pulse signal and the timing information, and needs to receive more than 4 satellites when starting up for the first time.
  • the signal can be positioned and timed. After the positioning is completed, even if only one satellite GPS signal can be received, the timing can be completed.
  • the fourth part is the serial port-fiber conversion module, which converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal.
  • the fifth part is one or more optical switches.
  • the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; 6th and 7th.
  • the departments are distributed monitoring stations and three-component geophones connected to them. It should be noted that when the physical connection used by the first part of the central station and the sixth part of the monitoring station is a wireless connection instead of a fiber connection, the second and fifth parts are changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch. And serial-to-wireless conversion module.
  • its vibration monitoring system needs to be realized by 7 major parts: 1 central station, responsible for system control, data recovery and storage, and data solving of the entire acquisition system; 1 fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the central station and each Fiber optic Ethernet connection between distributed monitoring stations; 1 GPS timing module, including GPS antenna and GPS receiver, serial output second pulse signal and timing information, need to receive more than 4 satellite signals to complete positioning when starting up for the first time And the timing, after the positioning is completed, even if only one satellite GPS signal can be received, the time can be completed; one serial port-fiber conversion module converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal; one or more Optical switch, when the distributed monitoring station and the central station need to be connected in parallel, the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; the sixth and seventh parts are distributed monitoring stations and Connected three-component geophone.
  • the second and fifth parts have to be changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch and a serial-to-wireless conversion. Module. Or one of the parts is wireless, depending on the actual deployment needs of the monitoring system.
  • the optical cable used to connect the distributed monitoring stations needs at least 3 cores, one for Ethernet data transmission and one for serial RS-232 transmission. It should be pointed out that, unlike the conventional serial port optical fiber communication, the transmission of the serial port RS-232 signal in the implementation of the technology is only sent by the GPS module of the central station to each distributed monitoring station, each point. The cloth monitoring station does not need to return the signal, so the optical cable responsible for the serial RS-232 signal transmission only needs one-way transmission.
  • the timing information output by the GPS module is not given to any network node in the vibration monitoring system. All distributed monitoring stations and host systems use the original RTC time (real time clock), and only use the GPS module.
  • the output high-precision second pulse signal performs signal synchronization between distributed monitoring stations. Since the vibration monitoring system does not require accurate time for vibration occurrence, and for solving the vibration position information, it is only required to ensure that the vibration data used by each distributed monitoring station in the data solution are relatively synchronized with each other (synchronization accuracy is less than The sampling rate) can accurately calculate the spatial position of the vibration point.
  • the time of vibration is defined by the system time of the central station.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: the control unit CM of the distributed monitoring station uses ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and is more suitable for Ethernet support. Good; vibration data acquisition module AD, is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function, high acquisition accuracy, sampling rate up to 4K; at the same time using FPGA to be responsible for logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion .
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for multi-wave multi-component vibration signal acquisition, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output via the fiber-serial RS-232 conversion module FOM2.
  • the optical switching module FOM1 for Ethernet communication provides the Ethernet connection to the current monitoring station as well as the next one.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial port. RS-232 transceiver.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: CM is the control unit of the distributed monitoring station, using ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and is more suitable for Ethernet support. Good; AD is the acquisition module, which is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function. The acquisition accuracy is high, and the sampling rate is up to 4K. At the same time, FPGA is used to be responsible for logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for collecting the vibration signals in the three directions of Z, X, and Y, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output through the FOM2 module.
  • FOM1 is a photoelectric conversion module for Ethernet communication
  • FOM2 is a photoelectric conversion module for serial RS-232 communication.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system, and provides digital 3.3V, 5V, and analog ⁇ 2.5V power supply.
  • the input is powered by 12V DC.
  • Photoelectric The switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial RS-232 transceiver.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted via the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent across all distributed monitoring stations, and due to the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station. It is strictly synchronized, so after the data is transmitted back to the central station, as long as the data is aligned according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the three-component vibration acquisition data between the distributed monitoring stations is realized. Time synchronization.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted by the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent on all distributed monitoring stations, and the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strict. Synchronous, so as long as the data alignment is performed according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the data time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition between the distributed monitoring stations is realized.
  • the centralized control station power-up command is first issued by the central station control center. After each power station successfully powers up, the data acquisition is automatically started, and the serial RS-232 GPS pulse and detector data are successfully collected and then maintained. Data acquisition status but no return data, send ready status to the operation center, the operation center ensures that all distributed monitoring stations can send data recovery instructions after normal acquisition, all distributed monitoring stations start real-time in the same second after receiving the instruction. After the data is transmitted back, after receiving the data, the control center continuously synchronizes the returned data in seconds, and then performs file storage and data processing operations.
  • each distributed monitoring station After obtaining the vibration data, each distributed monitoring station needs to transmit the Ethernet network with smaller data packets, that is, transmit immediately after the vibration sampling, ensuring the real-time performance of the data transmission, and since the Ethernet transmission delay is far less than 1 s, That is, it can be controlled within the second pulse signal, so the second pulse signal can be used for correction.
  • This has the additional advantage of using a serial RS-232 auxiliary pulse signal synchronization method that does not require the addition of additional time information in the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations.
  • the invention relates to a high-precision digital transmission method and device for vibration monitoring system using Ethernet and RS-232 serial port to work together.
  • the vibration monitoring system mainly analyzes the first arrival wave travel time and amplitude intensity included in the sensor vibration data in real time. Solve the source position and vibration energy intensity of the vibration time in the monitoring area.
  • the vibration monitoring system generally consists of a central station and a number of distributed monitoring stations scattered in the monitoring area.
  • the invention uses an Ethernet method to form a vibration monitoring system local area network, and the Ethernet is responsible for network transmission of sensor vibration data, and simultaneously uses a serial port RS- 232 connects each distributed monitoring station with the central station.
  • the serial port RS-232 is responsible for transmitting the second pulse signal output by the GPS module to each distributed vibration monitoring station in real time.
  • the distributed monitoring station samples the vibration data and the GPS pulse signal.
  • the Ethernet is sent to the central station, and the central station synchronizes the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations according to the pulse signal, and finally performs the vibration position calculation based on the synchronized data.
  • the physical connection between Ethernet and serial RS-232 should be selected according to the layout conditions. Different transmission media should be selected. Twisted or wireless connections, central stations and distributed monitoring stations require technical design to complete Ethernet and serial connections.
  • the innovative invention simultaneously uses two communication technologies of Ethernet and serial communication, utilizes their respective advantages, and builds a system using low-cost equipment, solves the problem of data transmission time synchronization, can meet application requirements, and increases flexibility of system use ( In many cases, such as mines or areas with severe occlusion, distributed monitoring stations cannot obtain GPS signals). At the same time, the system is stable and reliable, and has strong applicability.
  • the high-precision synchronous data transmission method and device of the vibration monitoring system using the Ethernet and the RS-232 serial port cooperate with the invention has the advantages of wide application environment and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a wired connection distributed monitoring station of a high-precision synchronous digital transmission method and apparatus for a vibration monitoring system using an Ethernet and an RS-232 serial port in cooperation;
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a wireless connection distributed monitoring station of a high-precision synchronous data transmission method and apparatus for a vibration monitoring system using an Ethernet and an RS-232 serial port in cooperation;
  • FIG. 3 is a topological structural diagram of a vibration monitoring system for a high-precision synchronous data transmission method and apparatus of a vibration monitoring system using the Ethernet and the RS-232 serial port in cooperation;
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a synchronous digital transmission of a vibration monitoring system of a vibration monitoring system using a combination of Ethernet and an RS-232 serial port in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of the actual collected data after the synchronization is completed by the high-precision synchronous data transmission method and device of the vibration monitoring system using the Ethernet and the RS-232 serial port.
  • the high-precision digital transmission method of the vibration monitoring system using the Ethernet and the RS-232 serial port cooperates with the central station (Central Station, CS for short) of the vibration monitoring system and several distributed monitoring stations (Monitor) scattered in the monitoring area.
  • Station referred to as MS
  • the serial port RS-232 is responsible for the second output by the GPS module.
  • the pulse signal is transmitted to each distributed vibration monitoring station in real time.
  • the distributed monitoring station samples the vibration data and the GPS pulse signal and sends it to the central station by Ethernet.
  • the central station then performs data processing according to the pulse signal to realize all distributed monitoring.
  • the station vibration data is synchronized, and finally the vibration position is solved based on the synchronized data.
  • the system uses two communication technologies, Ethernet and serial RS-232 communication, to realize distributed monitoring stations and distributed monitoring. Synchronous data communication between the control station and the central station can give full play to their respective advantages.
  • the vibration monitoring system can be constructed by using low-cost general-purpose equipment to the utmost. It is applied to synchronous data transmission in distributed vibration monitoring system, and has the advantages of wide application environment and low cost.
  • the first part is the central station, which is responsible for system control, data recovery and storage and data solving of the entire acquisition system;
  • the second part is the fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the central station and distribution.
  • the third part is the GPS timing system, which includes the GPS antenna and the GPS receiver, the serial port outputs the second pulse signal and the timing information, and needs to receive more than 4 satellite signals for the first time to complete. Positioning and timing, even after receiving the GPS signal of one satellite, the timing can be completed;
  • the fourth part is the serial-fiber conversion module, which converts the signal output by the GPS module from electrical signal to optical signal; Part of it is one or more optical switches.
  • the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; the sixth and seventh parts are respectively Distributed monitoring station and a three-component geophone connected to it.
  • the physical connection used by the first part of the central station and the sixth part of the monitoring station is a wireless connection instead of a fiber connection, the second and fifth parts are changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch. And serial-to-wireless conversion module.
  • the vibration monitoring system using this method needs to be realized by 7 major parts: 1 central station, responsible for system control, data recovery and storage, and data solving of the entire acquisition system; 1 fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the center Fiber-optic Ethernet connection between station and distributed monitoring stations; 1 GPS timing module, including GPS antenna and GPS receiver, serial output second pulse signal and timing information, need to receive more than 4 satellite signals when starting up for the first time In order to complete the positioning and timing, even if only one satellite GPS signal can be received after the positioning is completed, the timing can be completed; a serial port-fiber conversion module converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal; Or multiple optical switches, when the distributed monitoring station and the central station need to be connected in parallel, the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; the sixth and seventh parts are distributed monitoring stations respectively.
  • the second and fifth parts have to be changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch and a serial-to-wireless conversion. Module. Or one of the parts is wireless, depending on the actual deployment needs of the monitoring system.
  • the cable used to connect the distributed monitoring stations requires at least 3 cores, one for Ethernet data transmission and one for serial RS-232 transmission. It should be noted that, unlike the conventional serial port optical fiber communication, the transmission of the serial port RS-232 signal in the implementation of the technology is only sent by the GPS module of the central station to each distributed monitoring station, and the distributed monitoring stations do not need signals. Return, so the optical cable responsible for serial RS-232 signal transmission only needs one-way transmission.
  • the timing information output by the GPS module is not given to any network node in the vibration monitoring system, all distributed Both the monitoring station and the host system use the original RTC time, and only use the high-precision second pulse signal output by the GPS module to synchronize the signals between the distributed monitoring stations. Since the vibration monitoring system does not require accurate time for vibration occurrence, and for solving the vibration position information, it is only required to ensure that the vibration data used by each distributed monitoring station in the data solution are relatively synchronized with each other (synchronization accuracy is less than The sampling rate) can accurately calculate the spatial position of the vibration point.
  • the time of vibration is defined by the system time of the central station.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: the control unit CM of the distributed monitoring station uses ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and good support for Ethernet;
  • the data acquisition module AD is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function. The acquisition precision is high, and the sampling rate is up to 4K.
  • the FPGA is used to be responsible for the logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for multi-wave multi-component vibration signal acquisition, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output via the fiber-serial RS-232 conversion module FOM2.
  • the optical switching module FOM1 for Ethernet communication provides the Ethernet connection to the current monitoring station as well as the next one.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial port. RS-232 transceiver.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: CM is the control unit of the distributed monitoring station, using ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and is more suitable for Ethernet support. Good; AD is the acquisition module, which is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function. The acquisition accuracy is high, and the sampling rate is up to 4K. At the same time, FPGA is used to be responsible for logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for collecting the vibration signals in the three directions of Z, X, and Y, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output through the FOM2 module.
  • FOM1 is a photoelectric conversion module for Ethernet communication
  • FOM2 is a photoelectric conversion module for serial RS-232 communication.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system, and provides digital 3.3V, 5V, and analog ⁇ 2.5V power supply.
  • the input is powered by 12V DC.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial RS-232 transceiver.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted via the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent across all distributed monitoring stations, and the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strictly synchronized. Therefore, after the data is transmitted back to the central station, as long as the data is aligned according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition data between the distributed monitoring stations is realized.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted by RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent on all distributed monitoring stations, and the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strictly synchronized. Therefore, as long as the data is aligned according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the data time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition between the distributed monitoring stations is realized.
  • the centralized control station power-up command is first issued by the central station control center. After each power station successfully powers up, the data acquisition is automatically started. After the serial RS-232 GPS pulse and detector data are successfully collected, the data acquisition status is maintained. However, the data is not returned, the ready state is sent to the operation center, and the operation center ensures that all distributed monitoring stations can send data recovery instructions after normal acquisition, and all distributed monitoring stations start real-time data back in the same second after receiving the instruction. After the control center receives the data, it continuously aligns the returned data in seconds, and then performs file storage and data processing operations.
  • each distributed monitoring station After obtaining the vibration data, each distributed monitoring station needs to transmit the Ethernet network with smaller data packets, that is, transmit immediately after the vibration sampling, ensuring the real-time performance of the data transmission, and since the Ethernet transmission delay is far less than 1 s, That is, it can be controlled within the second pulse signal, so the second pulse signal can be used for correction.
  • This has the additional advantage of using a serial RS-232 auxiliary pulse signal synchronization method that does not require the addition of additional time information in the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations.
  • the device for implementing the method of the present invention is constructed by using a central station (Central Station, CS for short) of a vibration monitoring system and a plurality of distributed monitoring stations (Monitor Stations, MS) scattered in the monitoring area.
  • LAN; Ethernet is responsible for the network transmission of sensor vibration data.
  • serial RS-232 is used to connect all distributed monitoring stations with the central station.
  • the serial port RS-232 is responsible for transmitting the second pulse signal output by the GPS module to each distributed vibration in real time.
  • the monitoring station and the distributed monitoring station sample the vibration data and the GPS pulse signal and send them to the central station by Ethernet.
  • the central station then performs data processing according to the pulse signal to realize the synchronization of the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations, and finally according to the synchronized data.
  • the system uses both Ethernet and serial RS-232 communication technologies to realize synchronous data communication between distributed monitoring stations and between distributed monitoring stations and central stations, the system can fully utilize its advantages and use Technology can maximize the use of low-cost general-purpose equipment to build vibration monitoring systems. It has the advantages of wide application environment and low cost.
  • the first part is the central station, which is responsible for the system control of the entire acquisition system. According to recycling and storage and data solution; the second part is the fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the fiber-optic Ethernet connection between the central station and the distributed monitoring stations; the third part is the GPS timing system, including GPS antenna and GPS receiving Machine, serial output second pulse signal and timing information, need to receive more than 4 satellite signals for the first time to complete the positioning and timing, even after receiving only one satellite GPS signal can complete the timing work; The fourth part is the serial port-fiber conversion module, which converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal; the fifth part is one or more optical switches.
  • the second pulse optical signal is divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; the sixth and seventh parts are respectively distributed monitoring stations and three-component geophones connected thereto. It should be noted that when the physical connection used by the first part of the central station and the sixth part of the monitoring station is a wireless connection instead of a fiber connection, the second and fifth parts are changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch. And serial-to-wireless conversion module.
  • its vibration monitoring system needs to be realized by 7 major parts: 1 central station, responsible for system control, data recovery and storage, and data solving of the entire acquisition system; 1 fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the central station and each Fiber optic Ethernet connection between distributed monitoring stations; 1 GPS timing module, including GPS antenna and GPS receiver, serial output second pulse signal and timing information, need to receive more than 4 satellite signals to complete positioning when starting up for the first time And the timing, after the positioning is completed, even if only one satellite GPS signal can be received, the time can be completed; one serial port-fiber conversion module converts the signal output by the GPS module from the electrical signal to the optical signal; one or more Optical switch, when the distributed monitoring station and the central station need to be connected in parallel, the second pulse optical signal needs to be divided into multiple channels and connected to each distributed monitoring station; the sixth and seventh parts are distributed monitoring stations and Connected three-component geophone.
  • the second and fifth parts have to be changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch and a serial-to-wireless conversion. Module. Or one of the parts is wireless, depending on the actual deployment needs of the monitoring system.
  • the cable used to connect the distributed monitoring stations requires at least 3 cores, one for Ethernet data transmission and one for serial RS-232 transmission. It should be noted that, unlike the conventional serial port optical fiber communication, the transmission of the serial port RS-232 signal in the implementation of the technology is only sent by the GPS module of the central station to each distributed monitoring station, and the distributed monitoring stations do not need signals. Return, so the optical cable responsible for serial RS-232 signal transmission only needs one-way transmission.
  • the timing information output by the GPS module is not given to any network node in the vibration monitoring system. All distributed monitoring stations and host systems use the original RTC time, and only use the high-precision second pulse signal output by the GPS module. Signal synchronization between distributed monitoring stations is performed. Since the vibration monitoring system does not require accurate time for vibration occurrence, and for solving the vibration position information, it is only required to ensure that the vibration data used by each distributed monitoring station in the data solution are relatively synchronized with each other (synchronization accuracy is less than The sampling rate) can accurately calculate the spatial position of the vibration point. Vibrating The time is defined by the system time of the central station.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: the control unit CM of the distributed monitoring station uses ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and good support for Ethernet;
  • the data acquisition module AD is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function. The acquisition precision is high, and the sampling rate is up to 4K.
  • the FPGA is used to be responsible for the logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for multi-wave multi-component vibration signal acquisition, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output via the fiber-serial RS-232 conversion module FOM2.
  • the optical switching module FOM1 for Ethernet communication provides the Ethernet connection to the current monitoring station as well as the next one.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module implements power supply management for each module in the system.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial port. RS-232 transceiver.
  • the distributed monitoring station can be divided into the following modules: CM is the control unit of the distributed monitoring station, using ARM as the core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, etc., and is more suitable for Ethernet support. Good; AD is the acquisition module, which is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition function. The acquisition accuracy is high, and the sampling rate is up to 4K. At the same time, FPGA is used to be responsible for logic timing control and data processing functions during AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used to connect the three-component sensor, which is responsible for collecting the vibration signals in the three directions of Z, X, and Y, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port output through the FOM2 module.
  • FOM1 is a photoelectric conversion module for Ethernet communication
  • FOM2 is a photoelectric conversion module for serial RS-232 communication.
  • the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distributed monitoring station for use as an input.
  • the power module PM implements power supply management for each of the other modules in the system, and provides digital 3.3V, 5V, and analog ⁇ 2.5V power supply.
  • the input is powered by 12V DC.
  • the optical switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and serial RS-232 transceiver.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted via the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent across all distributed monitoring stations, and the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strictly synchronized. Therefore, after the data is transmitted back to the central station, as long as the data is aligned according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition data between the distributed monitoring stations is realized.
  • the second pulse signal transmitted by the serial port RS-232 has a fixed delay, and the accumulation of delay is consistent on all distributed monitoring stations, and the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strict. Synchronous, so as long as the data alignment is performed according to the rising edge of the fourth PPS signal pulse of all distributed monitoring stations, the data time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition between the distributed monitoring stations is realized.
  • the centralized control station power-up command is first issued by the central station control center. After each power station successfully powers up, the data acquisition is automatically started. After the serial RS-232 GPS pulse and detector data are successfully collected, the data acquisition status is maintained. However, the data is not returned, the ready state is sent to the operation center, and the operation center ensures that all distributed monitoring stations can send data recovery instructions after normal acquisition, and all distributed monitoring stations start real-time data back in the same second after receiving the instruction. After the control center receives the data, it continuously aligns the returned data in seconds, and then performs file storage and data processing operations.
  • each distributed monitoring station After obtaining the vibration data, each distributed monitoring station needs to transmit the Ethernet network with smaller data packets, that is, transmit immediately after the vibration sampling, ensuring the real-time performance of the data transmission, and since the Ethernet transmission delay is far less than 1 s, That is, it can be controlled within the second pulse signal, so it can be corrected using the second pulse PPS signal.
  • This has the additional advantage of using a serial RS-232 auxiliary pulse signal synchronization method that does not require the addition of additional time information in the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations.
  • the high-precision synchronous data transmission method and device of the vibration monitoring system using the Ethernet and the RS-232 serial port cooperated in the invention is a wide application field, combining digital communication, sensors and embedded systems, etc.
  • Digital system of technology In some applications, real-time calculation of vibration point position and vibration energy level is required based on vibration monitoring data.
  • the general working method is to distribute a certain number (more than 4) of vibration monitoring stations (or monitors) in the area to be monitored. Each monitoring station is responsible for completing the analog-to-digital conversion of the vibration sensor and transmitting it to the central station in real time. Responsible for the storage and processing of data.
  • the precondition for data solution is that the vibration data acquired from each distributed acquisition station is strictly time-synchronized, and the error should be less than half of the sampling rate. For example, when the sampling rate is 4K, the synchronization accuracy should be above 125us.
  • Half of the reasons for the data acquisition being out of sync include two points: time synchronization between distributed systems and unfixed delay of Ethernet.
  • a variety of methods can be used to achieve synchronous data acquisition, such as high-precision clock and time servers, etc.
  • GPS synchronization is a frequently used synchronization method.
  • the station connection is a local area network connection, and each vibration monitoring station can ensure strict synchronization of the collected data with each other.
  • serial RS-232 is a low-level serial communication with small delay and fixed delay.
  • TCP/IP is used to communicate with the central station and each distributed monitoring station to complete the whole. Command control of the monitoring system The system and vibration data are transmitted back, which makes it possible to make good use of the existing LAN network in the work area.
  • the current embedded system has good support for Ethernet and is easy to develop and implement quickly.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the vibration monitoring system.
  • 1 is the central station, responsible for system control, data recovery and storage, and data solution for the entire acquisition system.
  • 2 is a fiber-optic Ethernet switch, responsible for the fiber-optic Ethernet connection between the central station and each distributed monitoring station.
  • 3 is a GPS timing module, including GPS antenna and GPS receiver.
  • the serial port outputs the second pulse signal and timing information. When starting for the first time, it needs to receive more than 4 satellite signals to complete the positioning and timing. Even after receiving the positioning, only one can be received.
  • the GPS signal of the satellite can also complete the timing work.
  • the signal output by the GPS module is converted from the electrical signal to the optical signal after the serial-fiber conversion module shown in Figure 4.
  • the optical switch is shown in Figure 5.
  • the second pulse optical signal is divided into multiple channels and connected to each monitoring station.
  • 6 and 7 respectively represent a distributed monitoring station and a three-component detector connected thereto.
  • the physical connection used by the first part of the central station and the sixth part of the monitoring station is a wireless connection instead of a fiber connection
  • the second and fifth parts have to be changed accordingly to become a wireless Ethernet switch and a serial-to-wireless conversion. Module. Or one of the parts is wireless, depending on the actual deployment needs of the monitoring system.
  • the cable used to connect the monitoring stations requires at least 3 cores, one for Ethernet and one for serial RS-232 transmission. It should be pointed out that, unlike the conventional serial port optical fiber communication, in this system, the transmission of the serial port RS-232 signal is only sent by the GPS module of the central station to each monitoring station, and each monitoring station does not need to return the signal, so The optical cable responsible for serial RS-232 signal transmission only needs one-way transmission.
  • the GPS used in the monitoring system described in this paper uses the timing information output by the GPS module, it does not give time to any network node in the system. All distributed monitoring stations and host systems use the original In some RTC time, the signal synchronization between the distributed monitoring stations is performed only by using the high-precision second pulse signal output by the GPS module. This is related to the working principle of the monitoring system.
  • the vibration monitoring system does not require accurate time for the vibration to occur. For the solution of the vibration position information, it is only necessary to ensure that the vibration data used by each monitoring station in the data solution is mutually
  • the relative synchronization synchronization accuracy is less than the sampling rate
  • the time of vibration is defined by the system time of the central station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed monitoring station using a wired connection, wherein CM is a control unit of a distributed monitoring station, and uses AM9 as a core control chip, which has the advantages of high operating frequency, fast processing speed, low power consumption, and the like, and Network support is better.
  • the AD module is an analog-to-digital conversion module with four-channel acquisition data acquisition. Each station uses four Cirrus Logic CS5373 chips with high acquisition accuracy and a sampling rate of up to 4K.
  • the FPGA is used to be responsible for the logic timing control and data processing functions of the AD conversion.
  • the first three channels are used for The three-component sensor is connected to collect the vibration signals in the three directions of Z, X, and Y, and the fourth channel is used to connect the serial port signal output through the FOM2 module, and the output signal is a second pulse signal of 1PPS.
  • FOM1 is a photoelectric conversion module for Ethernet communication
  • FOM2 is a photoelectric conversion module for RS-232 communication.
  • the serial port photoelectric conversion module FOM2 in each distributed monitoring station the fiber input and output terminals are short-circuited, and the output end fiber is connected to the next distribution station for use as an input.
  • the power module realizes power supply management for each other module in the system, and provides digital 3.3V, 5V, and analog ⁇ 2.5V power supply.
  • the input is powered by 12V DC.
  • 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed monitoring station used when a distributed monitoring station and a central station are wirelessly connected.
  • the photoelectric switching modules FOM1 and FOM2 are changed to the wireless transceiver modules RFWM1 and RFWM2 for wireless Ethernet connection and RS-232 transmission and reception.
  • FOM1 can use NETLINK's HTB3100 module, with half-duplex full-duplex universal mode, 10M and 100M speed recording adaptive.
  • FOM2 can use TOTEK's UT-277 model, the communication distance can reach 4KM, the speed record can be up to 4G0KBPS, RFWM1 can choose more modules, ordinary wifi module can be, when the distance from the central station collagen, should be installed with high power orientation antenna. There are many modules supporting wireless 232 transceiver. The RFWM2 in the distributed monitoring station can only receive and not transmit, and select 3-5 watts of power. The central station needs to meet the function of long-distance transmission. Generally, more than 10w power modules and antennas are selected. .
  • the same GPS module pulse signal is connected to two channels in the same distributed monitoring station, one directly input, and the other is connected to the monitoring station after two serial port photoelectric conversion modules and optical cable transmission, and the pulse of the two signals
  • the rising edge differs by one sampling point (2.5K sampling) at the start time of the acquisition start, and generally accumulates to 3 sampling points when the acquisition is 24 hours, but the delay and the accumulation of the delay are consistent on all distribution stations, as long as we According to the data edge alignment of the fourth PPS signal pulse rising edge of all distribution stations, the data time synchronization of the three-component vibration acquisition of each monitoring station is realized.
  • the basic working process of the vibration monitoring system using the "high-precision digital transmission method and device for vibration monitoring system using Ethernet and RS-232 serial port working together" is as shown in Fig. 4: firstly, the central station control center releases each distribution. The power-up command of the monitoring station, the data collection is automatically started after each distribution station is successfully powered on, and the GPS pulse and the detector data of the serial port RS-232 are successfully collected, and the data acquisition state is maintained but the data is not returned, and the ready state is sent to the operation center.
  • the operation center ensures that all distributed monitoring stations can send data recovery commands after normal acquisition. All distributed monitoring stations start real-time data back-transmission within the same second after receiving the instruction. After receiving the data, the control center will continuously return the data. The data is sequentially punctured by the PPS, followed by file storage and data processing.
  • the Ethernet delay is much less than 1 s, it can be controlled within the second pulse signal. Therefore, the second pulse signal can be used for correction.
  • This has the additional advantage of using the serial RS-232 auxiliary pulse signal synchronization method described herein that no additional time information is required in the vibration data of all distributed monitoring stations. Of course, this requires two premises as a guarantee. First, the sampling data of the four channels inside each branch monitoring station is strictly synchronized. Secondly, Each distributed monitoring station sends the sampled data packets to the central station for a certain period of time to complete in the same second pulse period.
  • the actual data collection experiment was carried out using the central station and four distribution stations.
  • the four distribution stations use optical fiber for serial connection.
  • the optical fiber is a four-core optical cable. Two optical fibers are used to connect to the central station.
  • the optical fiber switch is connected to the central station for receiving a GPS pulse signal sent by the serial port RS-232.
  • the monitoring area is a 40m by 40m cement site. Four monitoring stations are distributed in the four corners of the monitoring area.
  • the ground vibration propagation wave velocity is about 300 meters per second.
  • the hammer is used to vibrate at a certain position from the No. 1 station, and the acquired sampling data is shown in Fig. 5.
  • Figure 5 shows the data after synchronization correction based on the second pulse. From the sampling data of the three-component vibration sensors of the four distribution stations, The order of vibration arrival time is in accordance with the position distribution relationship. After the hammering experimental data is solved by the processing system, the error point of the vibration point and the measured position are within 2 meters. This shows that the real-time acquisition of vibration data and the GPS pulse synchronization method using the method described herein are accurate and reliable.
  • the present invention uses low cost and simple equipment and methods for Ethernet real-time vibration data transmission and high-precision time synchronization.
  • the system is designed so that the GPS signal is only given by the central station, that is, as long as the central station GPS has a normal timing function, the entire system can complete the time synchronization.
  • the data synchronization method of the present invention is the easiest and the least expensive.
  • This monitoring system can be quickly deployed in some LAN systems, especially LAN systems that use fiber optic connections.
  • the connection of the system can be completed by a cable with more than three cores.
  • the next step is to add the second pulse signal to the normal vibration acquisition path, which requires only three channels per station, further reducing equipment cost and power consumption during use.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的用于振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置，为解决现有技术适用环境窄问题，是将振动监控系统的中心站(CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站，中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。具有具有应用环境广泛，成本低廉的优点。

Description

使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种振动监控同步数传方法，特别是涉及一种使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置。
技术背景
振动监控系统的应用很广泛，可用于地质灾害、工程建筑及工业矿产生产的监测等众多领域。与其他类型的监控系统不同，振动监控系统的时间同步问题是保证系统工作准确可靠的必要条件，只有各个监控站之间实现了严格的时间同步(一般要求微秒级以上)，通过振动数据解算出的振动点位置和能量大小才是正确的。同步方法有多种，包括GPS授时，原子钟授时，网络时间服务器等等。
GPS授时是最为常用的技术手段，需要在监控系统的每个分布式监控站站上安装GPS授时模块，将GPS时间信息添加到监控站获取的振动采样数据中。这种技术方案的缺点是由于GPS信号获取需要一定的位置条件，一般需要监控站接收到一定数量的卫星才可完成授时，在山地、森林、水边以及一些矿井等地下条件由于信号受限导致授时工作无法完成。原子钟不需考虑信号接收的问题，但由于原子钟价格较高且在嵌入式系统中使用需要一定的技术支持，所以一般也不会被广泛使用。网络时间服务器授时精度高，可以自动实现以太网同步，但价格也比较昂贵，同时对分布式系统中网络节点的硬件要求严格，需要指定的支持网络时间同步协议的专用网络模块来完成。
综上所述，在振动监控系统的开发中，研究一种利用通用设备，可适用的环境广泛，成本低廉的可以完成高精度数据同步传输技术是迫切需要的。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的上太空缺陷，提供一种适用环境广泛，成本低廉的用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法，本发明目的还在于提供用于实现该方法的装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度数传方法是将振动监控系统的中心站(Central Station，简称CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(Monitor Station，简称MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责 传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站，中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。系统由于同时使用了以太网和串口RS-232通信两种通信技术来实现各分布式监控站之间以及各分布式监控站与中心站之间的同步数据通信，可以充分发挥各自优势，使用该技术可以最大限度的利用低成本通用设备来构建振动监控系统。应用于分布式振动监控系统中的同步数据传输，具有应用环境广泛，成本低廉的优点。
作为优化，其功能由7大部分协同来实现：第1部分是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储及数据解算工作；第2部分是光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；第3部分是GPS授时系统，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；第4部分是串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；第5部分是1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。需要指出的是，当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。即：应用该方法的振动监控系统需要由7大部分来实现：1个中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储，及数据解算工作；1个光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；1个GPS授时模块，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；1个串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。或者其中的一个部分使用无线方式，这取决于监控系统的实际布设需要。
作为优化，连接各分布式监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网数传，一根用于串口RS-232传输。需要指出的是，与常规的串口的光纤通讯不同，本技术实施时串口RS-232信号的传输只是由中心站的GPS模块将PPS(pulses per second)信号发送到各个分布式监控站，各分布式监控站无需信号返回，所以负责串口RS-232信号传输的光缆只需一根单向传输即可。
作为优化，GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给振动监控系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式监控站及主机系统均使用原有的RTC时间，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。由于振动监控系统对于振动发生的准确时间并没有要求，而对于振动位置信息的解算，只要保证在数据解算各个分布式监控站所使用的振动数据彼此之间是相对同步的(同步精度小于采样率)即可准确的解算出振动点的空间位置。而振动的时间由中心站的系统时间定义即可。
作为优化，分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：分布式监控站的控制单元CM，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；振动数据采集模块AD，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责多波多分量振动信号采集，而第四个通道用于连接经由光纤-串口RS-232转换模块FOM2输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。用于以太网通讯的光电交换模块FOM1，提供给当前监控站的以太网连接以及下一个。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
即：分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：CM为分布式监控站的控制单元，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；AD为采集模块，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责采集Z，X，Y三个方向上的振动信号，而第四个通道用于连接经由FOM2模块输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉 冲信号。FOM1是用于以太网通讯的光电转换模块，FOM2是用于RS-232通讯的光电转换模块。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理，提供数字3.3V，5V，模拟±2.5V的供电。输入端使用12V直流供电。光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
作为优化，经由串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以数据回传至中心站后，只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集数据时间同步。
即：串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集的数据时间同步。
作为优化，系统工作时，首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布式监控站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集来自串口RS-232的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给操作中心，操作中心确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，操控中心接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。各分布式监控站在获取振动数据后需要以较小的数据包进行以太网网络传送，即振动采样后立即传输，保证了数据传输的实时性，而由于以太网传输延时远远小于1s，也就是可以控制在秒脉冲信号之内，故可以使用秒脉冲信号进行校正。这使得使用串口RS-232辅助脉冲信号同步的方法的另外的优势是所有分布式监控站的振动数据中不需要添加额外的时间信息。
用于实现本发明所述方法的装置将振动监控系统的中心站(Central Station，简称CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(Monitor Station，简称MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站， 中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。系统由于同时使用了以太网和串口RS-232通信两种通信技术来实现各分布式监控站之间以及各分布式监控站与中心站之间的同步数据通信，可以充分发挥各自优势，使用该技术可以最大限度的利用低成本通用设备来构建振动监控系统。具有应用环境广泛，成本低廉的优点。
作为优化，其功能由7大部分协同来实现：第1部分是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储及数据解算工作；第2部分是光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；第3部分是GPS授时系统，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；第4部分是串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；第5部分是1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。需要指出的是，当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。即：其振动监控系统需要由7大部分来实现：1个中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储，及数据解算工作；1个光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；1个GPS授时模块，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；1个串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。或者其中的一个部分使用无线方式，这取决于监控系统的实际布设需要。
作为优化，连接各分布式监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网数传，一根用于串口RS-232传输。需要指出的是，与常规的串口的光纤通讯不同，本技术实施时串口RS-232信号的传输只是由中心站的GPS模块将PPS信号发送到各个分布式监控站，各分 布式监控站无需信号返回，所以负责串口RS-232信号传输的光缆只需一根单向传输即可。
作为优化，GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给振动监控系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式监控站及主机系统均使用原有的RTC时间(实时时钟)，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。由于振动监控系统对于振动发生的准确时间并没有要求，而对于振动位置信息的解算，只要保证在数据解算各个分布式监控站所使用的振动数据彼此之间是相对同步的(同步精度小于采样率)即可准确的解算出振动点的空间位置。而振动的时间由中心站的系统时间定义即可。
作为优化，分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：分布式监控站的控制单元CM，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；振动数据采集模块AD，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责多波多分量振动信号采集，而第四个通道用于连接经由光纤-串口RS-232转换模块FOM2输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。用于以太网通讯的光电交换模块FOM1，提供给当前监控站的以太网连接以及下一个。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
即：分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：CM为分布式监控站的控制单元，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；AD为采集模块，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责采集Z，X，Y三个方向上的振动信号，而第四个通道用于连接经由FOM2模块输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。FOM1是用于以太网通讯的光电转换模块，FOM2是用于串口RS-232通讯的光电转换模块。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理，提供数字3.3V，5V，模拟±2.5V的供电。输入端使用12V直流供电。光电 交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
作为优化，经由串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以数据回传至中心站后，只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集数据时间同步。
即：串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集的数据时间同步。
作为优化，系统工作时，首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集串口RS-232的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给操作中心，操作中心确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，操控中心接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。各分布式监控站在获取振动数据后需要以较小的数据包进行以太网网络传送，即振动采样后立即传输，保证了数据传输的实时性，而由于以太网传输延时远远小于1s，也就是可以控制在秒脉冲信号之内，故可以使用秒脉冲信号进行校正。这使得使用串口RS-232辅助脉冲信号同步的方法的另外的优势是所有分布式监控站的振动数据中不需要添加额外的时间信息。
本发明是一种使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度数传方法与装置是振动监控系统主要通过实时分析传感器振动数据中所包含的初至波走时及振幅强弱来解算监控区域内振动时间的震源位置及振动能量强度。振动监控系统一般由中心站和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站组成，本发明使用以太网的方式构成一个振动监控系统局域网，以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后由以太网发送至中心站，中心站根据脉冲信号实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。以太网和串口RS-232的物理连接考虑布设条件应选择不同的传输介质，可以选用光纤、双 绞线或者无线连接，中心站和分布式监控站需进行相应技术设计来完成以太网和串口连接。本发明创新性的同时使用了以太网和串口通信两种通信技术，利用各自优势，使用低成本设备构建系统，解决了数据传输时间同步的问题，可满足应用需求，增加系统使用的灵活性(多种情况下，如矿井内部或遮挡严重地区，分布式监控站无法获取GPS信号)。同时，系统稳定可靠，适用性强。
采用上述技术方案后，本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置具有应用环境广泛，成本低廉的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置的有线连接分布式监控站结构图；
图2是本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置的无线连接分布式监控站结构图；
图3是本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置的振动监控系统拓扑结构图；
图4是本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置的振动监控系统同步数传流程图；
图5是本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置完成了同步后的实际采集数据图。
具体实施方式
本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度数传方法是将振动监控系统的中心站(Central Station，简称CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(Monitor Station，简称MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站，中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。系统由于同时使用了以太网和串口RS-232通信两种通信技术来实现各分布式监控站之间以及各分布式监 控站与中心站之间的同步数据通信，可以充分发挥各自优势，使用该技术可以最大限度的利用低成本通用设备来构建振动监控系统。应用于分布式振动监控系统中的同步数据传输，具有应用环境广泛，成本低廉的优点。
其功能由7大部分协同来实现：第1部分是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储及数据解算工作；第2部分是光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；第3部分是GPS授时系统，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；第4部分是串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；第5部分是1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。需要指出的是，当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。即：应用该方法的振动监控系统需要由7大部分来实现：1个中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储，及数据解算工作；1个光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；1个GPS授时模块，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；1个串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。或者其中的一个部分使用无线方式，这取决于监控系统的实际布设需要。
连接各分布式监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网数传，一根用于串口RS-232传输。需要指出的是，与常规的串口的光纤通讯不同，本技术实施时串口RS-232信号的传输只是由中心站的GPS模块将PPS信号发送到各个分布式监控站，各分布式监控站无需信号返回，所以负责串口RS-232信号传输的光缆只需一根单向传输即可。
GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给振动监控系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式 监控站及主机系统均使用原有的RTC时间，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。由于振动监控系统对于振动发生的准确时间并没有要求，而对于振动位置信息的解算，只要保证在数据解算各个分布式监控站所使用的振动数据彼此之间是相对同步的(同步精度小于采样率)即可准确的解算出振动点的空间位置。而振动的时间由中心站的系统时间定义即可。
分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：分布式监控站的控制单元CM，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；振动数据采集模块AD，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责多波多分量振动信号采集，而第四个通道用于连接经由光纤-串口RS-232转换模块FOM2输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。用于以太网通讯的光电交换模块FOM1，提供给当前监控站的以太网连接以及下一个。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
即：分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：CM为分布式监控站的控制单元，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；AD为采集模块，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责采集Z，X，Y三个方向上的振动信号，而第四个通道用于连接经由FOM2模块输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。FOM1是用于以太网通讯的光电转换模块，FOM2是用于串口RS-232通讯的光电转换模块。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理，提供数字3.3V，5V，模拟±2.5V的供电。输入端使用12V直流供电。光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
经由串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以数据回传至中心站后，只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集数据时间同步。
即：RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集的数据时间同步。
系统工作时，首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集串口RS-232的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给操作中心，操作中心确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，操控中心接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。各分布式监控站在获取振动数据后需要以较小的数据包进行以太网网络传送，即振动采样后立即传输，保证了数据传输的实时性，而由于以太网传输延时远远小于1s，也就是可以控制在秒脉冲信号之内，故可以使用秒脉冲信号进行校正。这使得使用串口RS-232辅助脉冲信号同步的方法的另外的优势是所有分布式监控站的振动数据中不需要添加额外的时间信息。
用于实现本发明所述方法的装置是将振动监控系统的中心站(Central Station，简称CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(Monitor Station，简称MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站，中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。系统由于同时使用了以太网和串口RS-232通信两种通信技术来实现各分布式监控站之间以及各分布式监控站与中心站之间的同步数据通信，可以充分发挥各自优势，使用该技术可以最大限度的利用低成本通用设备来构建振动监控系统。具有应用环境广泛，成本低廉的优点。
其功能由7大部分协同来实现：第1部分是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数 据回收及存储及数据解算工作；第2部分是光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；第3部分是GPS授时系统，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；第4部分是串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；第5部分是1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。需要指出的是，当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。即：其振动监控系统需要由7大部分来实现：1个中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储，及数据解算工作；1个光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；1个GPS授时模块，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；1个串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。或者其中的一个部分使用无线方式，这取决于监控系统的实际布设需要。
连接各分布式监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网数传，一根用于串口RS-232传输。需要指出的是，与常规的串口的光纤通讯不同，本技术实施时串口RS-232信号的传输只是由中心站的GPS模块将PPS信号发送到各个分布式监控站，各分布式监控站无需信号返回，所以负责串口RS-232信号传输的光缆只需一根单向传输即可。
GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给振动监控系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式监控站及主机系统均使用原有的RTC时间，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。由于振动监控系统对于振动发生的准确时间并没有要求，而对于振动位置信息的解算，只要保证在数据解算各个分布式监控站所使用的振动数据彼此之间是相对同步的(同步精度小于采样率)即可准确的解算出振动点的空间位置。而振动的 时间由中心站的系统时间定义即可。
分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：分布式监控站的控制单元CM，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；振动数据采集模块AD，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责多波多分量振动信号采集，而第四个通道用于连接经由光纤-串口RS-232转换模块FOM2输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。用于以太网通讯的光电交换模块FOM1，提供给当前监控站的以太网连接以及下一个。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
即：分布式监控站可以分为以下模块：CM为分布式监控站的控制单元，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好；AD为采集模块，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责采集Z，X，Y三个方向上的振动信号，而第四个通道用于连接经由FOM2模块输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。FOM1是用于以太网通讯的光电转换模块，FOM2是用于串口RS-232通讯的光电转换模块。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用。电源模块PM实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理，提供数字3.3V，5V，模拟±2.5V的供电。输入端使用12V直流供电。光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和串口RS-232收发。
经由串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以数据回传至中心站后，只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集数据时间同步。
即：串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，而又由于各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，所以只要按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集的数据时间同步。
系统工作时，首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集串口RS-232的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给操作中心，操作中心确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，操控中心接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。各分布式监控站在获取振动数据后需要以较小的数据包进行以太网网络传送，即振动采样后立即传输，保证了数据传输的实时性，而由于以太网传输延时远远小于1s，也就是可以控制在秒脉冲信号之内，故可以使用秒脉冲PPS信号进行校正。这使得使用串口RS-232辅助脉冲信号同步的方法的另外的优势是所有分布式监控站的振动数据中不需要添加额外的时间信息。
具体如图所示：本发明使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法与装置是一种应用领域广泛的，结合了数字通信，传感器及嵌入式系统等多种技术的数字系统。在一些应用场合，需要根据振动监测数据进行振动点位置及振动能量大小的实时计算。其一般的工作方法是在待监控区域内分散布设一定数量(4个以上)振动监控站(或监控器)，各监控站负责完成振动传感器的模数转换并实时传送至中心站，中心站负责数据的存储及处理。数据解算的前提条件是从各分布式采集站获取的振动数据之间是严格时间同步的，误差应小于采样率的一半，如4K采样率时，同步精度应该在125us以上。造成数据采集不同步的原因一半包括两点：分布式系统之间时间不同步及以太网的不固定延时。多种方法可以用来实现数据同步采集，如高精度的时钟及时间服务器等，此外GPS同步是一种经常使用的同步方法。考虑到系统成本及本系统使用的灵活性(多种情况下(如矿井内部或遮挡严重地区，分布站无法获取GPS信号，因此我们必须设计一种各分部式振动监控站之间及与中心站连接为局域网连接，而各振动监控站彼此之间又可以保证采集数据的严格同步。
传统的局域网内部网络同步一般是1588协议对时，对系统软硬件要求较高，且实现起来比较复杂。与以太网相比，串口RS-232属于低级串行通信，延时小且延时固定，本系统中使用了TCP/IP来负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的通信，来完成整个监控系统的指令控 制及振动数据回传，这使得可以很好的利用工区已经存在的局域网网络，同时目前的嵌入式系统对以太网支持很好，易于快速开发实现。
图3所示的是本振动监控系统的结构示意图。其中①是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储，及数据解算工作。②为光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接。③为GPS授时模块，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作。GPS模块输出的信号经过④所示的串口-光纤转换模块后完成由电信号至光信号的转换，⑤所示为光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将④输出的秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个监控站。⑥和⑦分别代表分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量检波器。当第1部分中心站和第6部分监控站使用的物理连接方式为无线连接而非光纤连接时，第2和第5部分要做出相应的改变，变为无线以太网交换机和串口-无线转换模块。或者其中的一个部分使用无线方式，这取决于监控系统的实际布设需要。
连接各监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网，一根用于串口RS-232传输。需要指出的是，与常规的串口的光纤通讯不同，在本系统中，串口RS-232信号的传输只是由中心站的GPS模块将PPS信号发送到各个监控站，各监控站无需信号返回，所以负责串口RS-232信号传输的光缆只需一根单向传输即可。
需要指出的是，本文所述的监控系统中虽然使用了GPS，但GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给本系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式监控站及主机系统均使用原有的RTC时间，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。这和监控系统的工作原理有关，本振动监控系统对于振动发生的准确时间并没有要求，而对于振动位置信息的解算，只要保证在数据解算各个监控站所使用的振动数据彼此之间是相对同步的(同步精度小于采样率)即可准确的解算出振动点的空间位置。而振动的时间由中心站的系统时间定义即可。
图1为使用有线连接分布式监控站的结构示意图，其中CM为分布式监控站的控制单元，使用AM9作为核心控制芯片，具有工作频率高，处理速度快，功耗低等优点，且对于以太网支持较好。AD模块是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，每站使用四个Cirrus Logic公司的CS5373芯片，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K。同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能。监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于 连接三分量传感器，负责采集Z，X，Y三个方向上的振动信号，而第四个通道用于连接经由FOM2模块输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号。FOM1是用于以太网通讯的光电转换模块，FOM2是用于RS-232通讯的光电转换模块。在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块FOM2中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布站，作为输入使用。电源模块实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理，提供数字3.3V，5V，模拟±2.5V的供电。输入端使用12V直流供电。图2为分布式监控站与中心站无线连接时所使用分布式监控站的结构示意图。此时，光电交换模块FOM1及FOM2变化为无线收发模块RFWM1和RFWM2，用于无线的以太网连接和RS-232收发。FOM1可以使用NETLINK公司的HTB3100模块，具有半双工全双工通用模式，10M和100M速录自适应等特点。FOM2可以选用TOTEK公司的UT-277型号，通讯距离可达4KM，速录最高4G0KBPS，RFWM1可以选择的模块较多，普通wifi模块即可，当与中心站距离胶原时，应该加装大功率定向天线。支持无线232收发的模块也较多，分布式监控站中的RFWM2由于只接收不发送，选择3-5瓦功率即可，中心站需要满足远距离发送的功能，一般选用10w以上功率模块及天线。
测试时，将同一GPS模块脉冲信号接入同一分布式监控站中的两道，一道直接输入，另一道经过两次串口光电转换模块及光缆传输后再接入该监控站，两道信号的脉冲上升沿在采集启动的开始时间相差一个采样点(2.5K采样)，采集24小时候一般累积到相差3个采样点，但是该延时以及延时的累积在所有分布站上是一致的，只要我们按照所有分布站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，就实现了每个监控站的三分量振动采集的数据时间同步。
使用了本发明“使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度数传方法与装置”的振动监控系统其基本工作流程如图4所示：首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集串口RS-232的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给操作中心，操作中心确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，操控中心接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲PPS同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。
需要指出的是，由于以太网延时远远小于1s，也就是可以控制在秒脉冲信号之内。故可以使用秒脉冲信号进行校正。这使得使用本文所述的串口RS-232辅助脉冲信号同步的方法的另外的优势是所有分布式监控站的振动数据中不需要添加额外的时间信息，当然，这需要两个前提作为保障。首先，各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的。其次， 每个分布式监控站将某时间段内的采样数据包发送至中心站完成都是在同一个秒脉冲时间段内完成的。
使用中心站及四个分布站进行了实际数据的采集实验。四个分布站使用光纤进行串行连接，光纤为四芯光缆，用于以太网连接的两根使用光纤交换机与中心站连接，用于接收串口RS-232所发送的GPS脉冲信号的一根光纤使用串口光纤转化器与GPS授时模块相连接。监控区域为一个40米乘以40米的水泥场地。四个监控站分布在监控区域的四角。地表振动传播波速约为300米每秒。在距离一号站某位置处使用锤击进行振动激发，所获取的采样数据如图5所示。数据共有16道，其中4，8，12，16道为GPS脉冲道，图5所示的是根据秒脉冲进行了同步校正之后的数据，从四个分布站的三分量振动传感器采样数据来看，振动到达时间的先后顺序符合位置分布关系。多次锤击实验数据经处理系统解算后，振动点解算位置与实测位置误差在2米以内。这说明使用本文所述方法进行的振动数据实时采集及GPS脉冲同步方法是准确可靠的。
本发明使用低成本且简单易行的设备及方法以太网实时振动数据传输及高精度时间同步。不同于一般分布式系统的GPS授时，该系统的设计使的GPS信号仅由中心站给定，也就是只要保证中心站GPS具有正常的授时功能则整个系统即可以完成时间同步。与使用高精度时钟，时间服务器等其他授时同步方法相比，本发明所述的数据同步方法最为简单易行且成本最低。可以快速的在某些局域网系统中，特别是使用光纤连接的局域网系统中完成本监控系统的布设。三芯以上的光缆即可完成系统的连接。下一部可以尝试将秒脉冲信号添加到正常振动采集的道上，实现每站只需三道即可，进一步减少设备成本及使用时的功耗。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种使用以太网与RS-232串口协同工作的振动监控系统高精度同步数传方法，其特征在于将振动监控系统的中心站(CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站，中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于其功能由7大部分协同来实现：第1部分是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储及数据解算工作；第2部分是光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；第3部分是GPS授时系统，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；第4部分是串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；第5部分是1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于连接各分布式监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网数传，一根用于串口RS-232传输。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给振动监控系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式监控站及主机系统均使用原有的嵌入系统内部时间，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征还在于分布式监控站(MS)可以分为以下模块：分布式监控站的控制单元(CM)，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片；振动数据采集模块(AD)是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能；分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责多波多分量振动信号采集，而第四个通道用于连接经由光纤-串口RS-232转换模块FOM2输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲 信号；用于以太网通讯的光电交换模块(FOM1)，提供给当前监控站的以太网连接以及下一个；在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块(FOM2)中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用；电源模块(PM)实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述方法，其特征在于经由串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，数据回传至中心站后，按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，实现各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集数据时间同步。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述方法，其特征在于工作时，首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集串口RS-232发送的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给中心站，中心站确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，中心站接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。
  8. 用于实现权利要求1所述方法的装置，其特征在于将振动监控系统的中心站(CS)和散布在监控区域内的若干分布式监控站(MS)使用以太网的方式构成局域网；以太网负责传感器振动数据的网络传输，同时使用串口RS-232连接各分布式监控站与中心站，串口RS-232负责将由GPS模块输出的秒脉冲信号实时的传送给每个分布式振动监控站，分布式监控站将振动数据及GPS脉冲信号采样后共同由以太网发送至中心站，中心站再根据脉冲信号进行数据处理实现所有分布式监控站振动数据同步，最终根据同步后的数据进行振动位置解算。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述装置，其特征在于其功能由7大部分协同来实现：第1部分是中心站，负责整个采集系统的系统控制，数据回收及存储及数据解算工作；第2部分是光纤以太网交换机，负责中心站与各分布式监控站之间的光纤以太网连接；第3部分是GPS授时系统，包含GPS天线及GPS接收机，串口输出秒脉冲信号及授时信息，首次启动时需要接收到4颗以上的卫星信号才能完成定位及授时，定位完成后即使只能接收到一颗卫星的GPS信号也可完成授时工作；第4部分是串口-光纤转换模块，将GPS模块输出的信号由电信号转换至光信号；第5部分是1个或多个光交换机，在分布式监控站与中心站需要并行连接时，需要将秒脉冲光信号分为多路，接入各个分布式监控站；第6和第7部分别是分布式监控站 及与之连接的三分量地震检波器。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述装置，其特征在于连接各分布式监控站所使用的光缆需要至少3芯，一对用于以太网数传，一根用于RS-232传输。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述方法，其特征在于GPS模块所输出的授时信息并未给振动监控系统中的任一网络节点授时，所有的分布式监控站及主机系统均使用原有的嵌入系统内部时间，仅利用GPS模块所输出的高精度秒脉冲信号进行各分布式监控站之间的信号同步。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述方法，其特征还在于分布式监控站(MS)可以分为以下模块：分布式监控站的控制单元(CM)，使用ARM作为核心控制芯片；振动数据采集模块(AD)，是一个具有四通道采集数据采集功能的模数转换模块，采集精度高，采样率最高可达4K；同时使用FPGA来负责AD转换时的逻辑时序控制和数据处理功能；分布式监控站正常工作时，其中的前三个通道用于连接三分量传感器，负责多波多分量振动信号采集，而第四个通道用于连接经由光纤-串口RS-232转换模块FOM2输出的串口信号，其所输出信号为1PPS的秒脉冲信号；用于以太网通讯的光电交换模块(FOM1)，提供给当前监控站的以太网连接以及下一个；在每个分布式监控站中的串口光电转换模块(FOM2)中，将其光纤输入和输出端进行短接，输出端光纤接入下一分布式监控站，作为输入使用；电源模块(PM)实现对系统中各其他模块的供电管理。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12任一所述方法，其特征在于经由串口RS-232传输的秒脉冲信号具有固定延时，而延时的累积在所有分布式监控站上是一致的，各分部式监控站内部四个通道的采样数据是严格同步的，数据回传至中心站后，按照所有分布式监控站第四道PPS信号脉冲上升沿进行数据对齐，实现各个分布式监控站互相之间的三分量振动采集数据时间同步。
  14. 根据权利要求8-12任一所述方法，其特征在于工作时，首先由中心站操控中心下达各分布式监控站加电指令，各分布站加电成功后自动启动数据采集，成功采集串口RS-232发送的GPS脉冲和检波器数据后保持数据采集状态但不回传数据，发送准备就绪状态给中心站，中心站确保所有分布式监控站可正常采集后发送数据回收指令，所有分布式监控站收到该指令后在同一秒内开始实时数据回传，中心站接收到数据后不断的将回传的数据进行秒冲同步对齐，随后进行文件存储以及数据处理等操作。
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