WO2018095245A1 - 一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents

一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用 Download PDF

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WO2018095245A1
WO2018095245A1 PCT/CN2017/110983 CN2017110983W WO2018095245A1 WO 2018095245 A1 WO2018095245 A1 WO 2018095245A1 CN 2017110983 W CN2017110983 W CN 2017110983W WO 2018095245 A1 WO2018095245 A1 WO 2018095245A1
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sarcosine
electrode
detecting device
gate electrode
organic
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PCT/CN2017/110983
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French (fr)
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胡进
林鹏
宋家俊
严锋
柯善明
曾燮榕
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深圳大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
    • G01N27/4145—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS specially adapted for biomolecules, e.g. gate electrode with immobilised receptors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
    • G01N27/4146—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanotubes, nanowires

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of molecular detection, in particular to a cretinine detecting device, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof.
  • Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system, and its mortality rate is second highest among men's various cancers.
  • PSA prostate specific antigen
  • PSA is an important marker for prostate tumors and has been widely used for prostate cancer screening.
  • PSA is only a prostate tissue-specific antigen, not a prostate tumor-specific antigen. Therefore, there are still some doubts about the accuracy of the detection process, and there is a missed diagnosis.
  • LC liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
  • the detection limit of such methods is low (0.05 to 4 nM), there are disadvantages such as high test cost and easy interference by isomers.
  • the other type is based on the traditional oxidase-catalyzed electrochemical method. Although it has the advantages of low detection cost and simple operation, the detection sensitivity of this method is low, and the detection limit can only reach ⁇ M level, which can not meet the urine well.
  • the medium concentration is 2 ⁇ 10 -8 to 5 ⁇ 10 -6 M for the detection of sarcosine. In summary, it has become an urgent need to find a creatinine detection technology with low detection cost, high sensitivity, low detection limit and high accuracy.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a creatinine detecting device, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the existing creatinine detecting technology has poor comprehensive performance and high detection cost.
  • the detection limit is not low enough, the sensitivity is low, and the accuracy is low.
  • a sarcosine detecting device comprising an organic electrochemical transistor and a gate electrode, wherein the gate electrode is connected to the organic electrochemical transistor through an electrolyte, and sarcosine oxidase is immobilized on the gate electrode.
  • the sarcosine detecting device wherein the organic electrochemical transistor comprises a substrate and a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the substrate, wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode are connected through an organic semiconductor thin film layer .
  • the sarcosine detecting device wherein the organic semiconductor thin film layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline
  • the organic semiconductor thin film layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline
  • the organic semiconductor thin film layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline
  • the organic semiconductor thin film layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline
  • the organic semiconductor thin film layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic
  • the sarcosine detecting device has a thickness of the organic semiconductor thin film layer of 10 to 300 nm.
  • the creatinine detecting device wherein the substrate material is one of glass, silicon wafer or PET.
  • the sarcosine detecting device wherein the surface of the gate electrode is deposited with metal nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes.
  • the sarcosine detecting device wherein the gate electrode is one of a gold electrode, a silver electrode, a platinum electrode or a graphite electrode.
  • a preparation method of a sarcosine detecting device comprising the steps of:
  • a metal source electrode and a drain electrode are deposited by thermal evaporation on a cleaned substrate, and an organic semiconductor thin film layer is coated between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the nitrogen atmosphere is applied after the coating is completed. Annealing heat treatment to obtain an organic electrochemical transistor;
  • Gate electrode immobilized sarcosine oxidase a mixed solution of an organic polymer and sarcosine oxidase is prepared in advance; the mixed solution is dropped on the cleaned and dried gate electrode, and dried for a predetermined time, on the gate electrode. Forming a tightly bound membrane, that is, completing the preparation of immobilizing sarcosine oxidase on the gate electrode;
  • Preparation of a sarcosine detecting device The organic electrochemical transistor and the gate electrode of the immobilized sarcosine oxidase are placed in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte to prepare a sarcosine detecting device.
  • the present invention provides a sarcosine detecting device, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, the sarcosine detecting device comprising an organic electrochemical transistor and a gate electrode immobilized with sarcosine oxidase, when the muscle ammonia to be tested When the acid reacts with the sarcosine oxidase on the gate electrode, the interface potential of the gate electrode changes, and finally the change of the channel current of the organic electrochemical transistor is measured to realize the detection of the concentration of sarcosine;
  • the organic electrochemical transistor has the functions of sensing and signal amplification, has very high sensitivity and very low detection limit in the detection of sarcosine, and the sarcosine detecting device provided by the invention has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and work. The voltage is low and portable detection is possible.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of a sarcosine detecting device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of an organic electrochemical transistor in the sarcosine detecting device of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the I DS -T curve of sarcosine detected by immobilizing only sarcosine oxidase in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the I DS -T curve of the detection of sarcosine in the carbon nanotube-modified gate electrode of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a sarcosine detecting device, a method for preparing the same, and a method for preparing the same, and the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a sarcosine detecting device according to the present invention.
  • the device includes an organic electrochemical transistor 10 and a gate electrode 20, and the gate electrode 20 is electrolyzed.
  • the liquid 30 is connected to the organic electrochemical transistor 10, and the sarcosine oxidase 21 is fixed on the gate electrode 20;
  • the organic electrochemical transistor 10 includes a substrate 11 and a source electrode 12 and a drain electrode 13 disposed on the substrate 11, and the source electrode 12 and the drain electrode 13 pass through the organic semiconductor thin film layer 14. connection.
  • the sarcosine concentration detecting device of the present invention when used for detecting the concentration of sarcosine, a voltage is first applied between the source electrode 12 and the drain electrode 13 to form a channel current; then, at the gate electrode 20 and the source A voltage is applied between the electrodes 12 to form a gate voltage to regulate the channel current; when different concentrations of muscle are added
  • the sarcosine reacts with the sarcosine oxidase 21 on the gate electrode 20 to change the interface potential of the gate electrode 20, thereby causing a different degree of change in the channel current; Different concentrations of current can be used to detect different concentrations of sarcosine.
  • the channel current equation on the organic electrochemical transistor is:
  • V p qp 0 t/c i
  • I DS represents the channel current
  • q represents the electron charge
  • ⁇ represents the hole mobility
  • p o represents the initial hole density in the organic semiconductor layer
  • W and L represent the width and length of the device channel, respectively
  • t represents organic
  • C i represents the effective gate capacitance of the OECT device
  • V P represents the pinch-off voltage. Representing the effective gate voltage
  • V offset represents the compensation voltage
  • the compensation voltage is related to the voltage drop at the interface between the gate-electrolyte and the electrolyte-channel.
  • the sarcosine oxidase catalyzes the decomposition of sarcosine to form H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O 2 is further decomposed by the platinum electrode and loses electrons, and a redox reaction occurs on the surface of the electrode.
  • the voltage V offset is compensated to cause the effective gate voltage to change.
  • the channel current I DS is regulated by the effective gate voltage, and the relationship between the effective gate voltage and the H 2 O 2 concentration on the gate electrode is as follows:
  • ⁇ represents the capacitance ratio of the electrolyte-channel, gate-electrolyte interface
  • [H 2 O 2 ] represents the concentration of H 2 O 2
  • k represents the Boltzmann constant
  • T represents the temperature
  • Effective gate voltage Proportional to the concentration of H 2 O 2 with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 can cause Change different values. Therefore, the detection of H 2 O 2 can be achieved by the sarcosine detecting device provided by the present invention, thereby realizing the detection of different concentrations of sarcosine. As shown in Fig.
  • the organic semiconductor thin film layer 14 is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline or polycarbazole.
  • the detection of different concentrations of sarcosine is realized by detecting the change of the channel current in the organic electrochemical transistor, and the variation of the channel current during the detection process is very small, so that the conductivity is very strong.
  • the material is used as a conductor connecting the source electrode and the drain electrode; preferably, the present invention selects poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid having high conductivity as the organic semiconductor thin film layer 14, which can effectively improve Sensitivity to the detection of sarcosine.
  • the organic semiconductor thin film layer 14 has a thickness of 10 to 300 nm; preferably, the thickness of the organic semiconductor thin film layer is 100 nm, and the source electrode can be sufficiently ensured at the thickness value.
  • the electrical connection of the drain electrode ensures accurate detection results.
  • the carbon nanotubes may be used to modify the gate electrode.
  • the carbon nanotube solution and the sarcosine oxidase solution may be uniformly mixed, and then The carbon nanotube-modified sarcosine sensor is obtained by dropping on the gate electrode and forming a tightly bound film after refrigerating and drying.
  • the sarcosine oxidase and carbon nanotubes are modified on the gate electrode, when the sarcosine detecting device containing the gate electrode is used to detect different concentrations of sarcosine solution, the sarcosine I as shown in FIG. 4 is used.
  • the metal nanoparticle in order to improve the sensitivity of the sarcosine detecting device, may be used to modify the gate electrode, in particular, by depositing metal nanoparticles on the surface of the gate electrode and then depositing the muscle.
  • a metal nanoparticle-modified sarcosine sensor can be obtained by lysine oxidase. When sarcosine oxidase and metal nanoparticles are modified on the gate electrode, when a sarcosine detecting device containing the gate electrode is used to detect different concentrations of sarcosine solution, as shown in FIG.
  • the substrate material is one of glass, silicon wafer or PET;
  • the source electrode and the drain electrode are each composed of a metal conductive film material such as gold, silver, copper or platinum;
  • the thickness of the electrode and the drain electrode are both 50-500 nm, preferably 100 nm;
  • the gate electrode is one of a gold electrode, a silver electrode, a platinum electrode or a graphite electrode, preferably a platinum electrode.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a sarcosine detecting device based on the above sarcosine detecting device, Among them, including the steps:
  • a metal source electrode and a drain electrode are deposited by thermal evaporation on a cleaned substrate, and an organic semiconductor thin film layer is coated between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the nitrogen atmosphere is applied after the coating is completed. Annealing heat treatment to obtain an organic electrochemical transistor;
  • Gate electrode immobilized sarcosine oxidase a mixed solution of an organic polymer and sarcosine oxidase is prepared in advance; the mixed solution is dropped on the cleaned and dried gate electrode, and dried for a predetermined time, on the gate electrode. Forming a tightly bound membrane, that is, completing the preparation of immobilizing sarcosine oxidase on the gate electrode;
  • the organic polymer is one of a chitosan, a perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) or a polyaniline (Polyaniline).
  • Preparation of a sarcosine detecting device The organic electrochemical transistor and the gate electrode of the immobilized sarcosine oxidase are placed in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte to prepare a sarcosine detecting device.
  • arginine oxidase-modified platinum electrode the platinum electrode was ultrasonically washed with acetone, ethanol and water for 10 minutes and dried for use; 20 ⁇ L of a 20 mg/ml sarcosine oxidase solution and 10 ⁇ L of a 1% Nafion solution. Mix well and add dropwise to the surface of the platinum electrode, and store in a refrigerator at 4 ° C for 24 hours. After forming a tightly packed film on the surface of the platinum electrode, rinse the surface of the electrode with deionized water for use.
  • Preparation of a sarcosine detecting device The organic electrochemical transistor and the platinum electrode immobilized with sarcosine oxidase are placed in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte to prepare a sarcosine detecting device.
  • a carbon nanotube and a sarcosine oxidase-modified platinum electrode and the organic electrochemical transistor are placed in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte to prepare a sarcosine detecting device.
  • the principle of sarcosine sensor based on organic electrochemical transistor-based carbon nanotube modified gate electrode based on the principle of organic electrochemical transistor, further modification of gate electrode by carbon nanotube to prepare multi-wall carbon nano-layer with multi-layer structure
  • a tube-Nafion/sarcosine oxidase/platinum electrode is used as a gate electrode to improve the detection sensitivity of the sensor. Since the carbon nanotubes have a large specific surface area and good electron transport performance, electrons generated by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be quickly transferred to the gate electrode, thereby improving the detection sensitivity of sarcosine.
  • the detection limit of sarcosine is 5x10 -8 M, which is an order of magnitude lower than that without modification.
  • platinum nanoparticle-modified gate electrode the platinum electrode was ultrasonically washed with acetone, ethanol and water for 10 minutes and dried for use; the cleaned platinum electrode was used as a working electrode and a counter electrode (platinum plate) and a reference electrode ( Silver/silver chloride was placed in a prepared aqueous solution containing 0.005 M of chloroplatinic acid and 0.05 M hydrochloric acid for electrochemical deposition at a deposition voltage of -0.3 V and a deposition time of 90 s. After the deposition is completed, it is cleaned and dried for use;
  • the sarcosine oxidase was immobilized on the platinum nanoparticle-modified gate electrode: 20 ⁇ l of a 20 mg/ml sarcosine oxidase solution and 10 ⁇ l of a 1% Nafion solution were uniformly mixed and dropped on the surface of the platinum electrode, and placed in a refrigerator. Refrigerate and dry at 4 ° C for 24 hours, after forming a tightly bound film on the surface of the platinum electrode, rinse the surface of the electrode with deionized water for use;
  • a platinum nanoparticle and a sarcosine oxidase-modified platinum electrode and the organic electrochemical transistor are placed in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte to prepare a sarcosine detecting device.
  • the gate electrode is further modified with platinum nanoparticles to improve the detection sensitivity of the sensor.
  • the detection limit of sarcosine is 5x10 -9 M, which is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of unmodified, and can fully meet the requirement of sarcosine detection in urine concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 -8 to 5 ⁇ 10 -6 M.
  • the present invention also provides an application of a sarcosine detecting device for detecting a concentration of sarcosine.
  • the present invention provides a sarcosine detecting device, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, the sarcosine detecting device comprising an organic electrochemical transistor and a gate electrode immobilized with sarcosine oxidase, when to be tested
  • the sarcosine detecting device comprising an organic electrochemical transistor and a gate electrode immobilized with sarcosine oxidase, when to be tested
  • sarcosine chemically reacts with sarcosine oxidase on the gate electrode, it causes the interface potential change of the gate electrode, and finally detects the change of the channel current of the organic electrochemical transistor to realize the detection of sarcosine concentration
  • the organic electrochemical transistor used in the invention has the functions of sensing and signal amplification, has very high sensitivity and very low detection limit in the detection of sarcosine, and the sarcosine detecting device provided by the invention has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost. Low operating voltage and
  • the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may modify or change according to the above description.
  • the organic semiconductor layer in the organic electrochemical transistor of the present invention may be replaced with other Inorganic semiconductor thin film material such as graphene or the like, or the modified gate in the present invention
  • the platinum nanoparticles of the electrode may be replaced with other metal nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, etc., all of which are within the scope of the appended claims.

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Abstract

一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用。肌氨酸检测装置包括一有机电化学晶体管（10）以及固定有肌氨酸氧化酶（21）的柵电极（20），当待测肌氨酸与柵电极（20）上的肌氨酸氧化酶（21）发生化学反应时，会引起柵电极（20）的界面电势变化，最终通过测量有机电化学晶体管（10）沟道电流的变化来实现对肌氨酸浓度的检测；检测装置中的有机电化学晶体管（10）具有传感和信号放大的功能，在肌氨酸检测中具有非常高的灵敏度和非常低的检测极限，并且肌氨酸检测装置结构简单、制作成本低、工作电压低，且可实现便携式检测。

Description

一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用 技术领域
本发明涉及分子检测技术领域，尤其涉及的是一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
前列腺癌(prostate cancer)是男性泌尿生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其死亡率已高居男性各种癌症的第二位。在中国，前列腺癌的发病率虽然低于欧美国家，但近年来呈迅速上升趋势，已成为我国中老年男性健康的一大困扰。目前在临床上，前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen，PSA)作为前列腺肿瘤的重要标志物，已被广泛用于前列腺癌的筛查。然而PSA只是前列腺组织特异性抗原，而非前列腺肿瘤特异性抗原，因此在检测过程中的准确性目前仍有一些疑虑，而且存在漏诊现象。2009年，Sreekumar等研究发现，肌氨酸在前列腺癌患者组织细胞中的浓度比正常人显著提高，并且很容易在尿液中被检测出来，因此认为肌氨酸极其有望成为前列腺癌诊断过程中的一个具有临床诊断价值的肿瘤标志物。研究表明，正常人和前列腺癌患者尿液中的肌氨酸浓度大概在2×10-8～5×10-6M这个范围内。目前对肌氨酸的检测主要有两大类的方法，一类是利用液相色谱(liquid chromatography)或气相色谱(gas chromatography)与质谱(mass spectroscopy)相结合的液相色谱-质谱法(LC/MS)或气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)。虽然这类方法的检测极限低(0.05～4nM)，但是存在测试成本高、容易受同分异构体的干扰等缺点。另一类是基于传统氧化酶催化的电化学方法，虽然其具有检测成本低，操作简单等优点，但是这种方法的检测灵敏度低，检测极限一般只能达到μM级别，无法很好满足尿液中浓度为2×10-8～5×10-6M的肌氨酸检测要求。综上所述，寻找一种检测成本低、灵敏度高、检测极限低以及准确性高的肌氨酸检测技术已成为迫切需求。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用，旨在解决现有肌氨酸检测技术综合性能较差，存在检测成本高、 检测极限不够低、灵敏度低以及准确度低的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种肌氨酸检测装置，其中，包括一有机电化学晶体管以及柵电极，所述柵电极通过电解液与所述有机电化学晶体管连接，所述柵电极上固定有肌氨酸氧化酶。
较佳地，所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其中，所述有机电化学晶体管包括衬底以及设置在衬底上的源电极和漏电极，所述源电极与漏电极通过有机半导体薄膜层连接。
较佳地，所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其中，所述有机半导体薄膜层为聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸、聚吡咯类、聚噻吩类、聚苯胺类、聚咔唑类中的一种或多种。
较佳地，所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其中，所述有机半导体薄膜层的厚度为10～300nm。
较佳地，所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其中，所述衬底材料为玻璃、硅片或PET中的一种。
较佳地，所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其中，所述柵电极表面沉积有金属纳米颗粒或碳纳米管。
较佳地，所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其中，所述柵电极为金电极、银电极、铂电极或石墨电极中的一种。
一种肌氨酸检测装置的制备方法，其中，包括步骤：
有机电化学晶体管的制备：在清洗后的衬底上通过热蒸镀沉积金属源电极和漏电极，在所述源电极和漏电极之间涂覆有机半导体薄膜层，涂覆完成后在氮气氛围下进行退火热处理得到有机电化学晶体管；
柵电极固定肌氨酸氧化酶：预先制备有机聚合物与肌氨酸氧化酶的混合溶液；在清洗并干燥后的柵电极上滴加所述混合溶液，冷藏干燥预定时间后，在柵电极上形成一层结合紧密的膜，即完成在柵电极上固定肌氨酸氧化酶的制备；
肌氨酸检测装置的制备：将所述有机电化学晶体管和固定肌氨酸氧化酶的柵电极均放入装有电解液的电解池中，即制备出肌氨酸检测装置。
一种肌氨酸检测装置的应用，其中，所述肌氨酸检测装置用于检测肌氨酸的 浓度。
有益效果：本发明提供一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用，所述肌氨酸检测装置包括一有机电化学晶体管以及固定有肌氨酸氧化酶的柵电极，当待测肌氨酸与柵电极上的肌氨酸氧化酶发生化学反应时，会引起柵电极的界面电势变化，最终通过测量有机电化学晶体管沟道电流的变化来实现对肌氨酸浓度的检测；本发明采用的有机电化学晶体管具有传感和信号放大的功能，在肌氨酸检测中具有非常高的灵敏度和非常低的检测极限，并且本发明提供的肌氨酸检测装置结构简单、制作成本低、工作电压低，且可实现便携式检测。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种肌氨酸检测装置较佳实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本发明图1肌氨酸检测装置中的有机电化学晶体管的放大示意图。
图3为本发明中只固定肌氨酸氧化酶检测肌氨酸的IDS-T曲线图。
图4为本发明中碳纳米管修饰栅电极的检测肌氨酸的IDS-T曲线图。
图5为本发明中铂纳米颗粒修饰栅电极的检测肌氨酸的IDS-T曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参阅图1，图1为本发明一种肌氨酸检测装置较佳实施例的结构示意图，如图所示，其包括一有机电化学晶体管10以及柵电极20，所述柵电极20通过电解液30与所述有机电化学晶体管10连接，所述柵电极20上固定有肌氨酸氧化酶21；
进一步，如图2所示，所述有机电化学晶体管10包括衬底11以及设置在衬底11上的源电极12和漏电极13，所述源电极12与漏电极13通过有机半导体薄膜层14连接。
在本发明中，当采用本发明肌氨酸检测装置进行肌氨酸浓度的检测时，首先在源电极12和漏电极13之间加一电压，形成沟道电流；接着在柵电极20与源电极12之间加一电压，形成柵电压对沟道电流进行调控；当加入不同浓度的肌 氨酸溶液时，所述肌氨酸与柵电极20上的肌氨酸氧化酶21发生反应，使柵电极20的界面电势发生改变，从而导致沟道电流发生不同程度的变化；通过检测沟道电流的不同变化值，就能实现检测不同浓度的肌氨酸。
具体地，有机电化学晶体管上的沟道电流方程为：
Figure PCTCN2017110983-appb-000001
Vp＝qp0t/ci
Figure PCTCN2017110983-appb-000002
其中，IDS代表沟道电流，q代表电子电量，μ代表空穴迁移率，po代表有机半导体层中的初始空穴密度，W和L分别代表器件沟道的宽度和长度，t代表有机半导体膜的厚度，Ci代表OECT器件的有效栅电容，VP代表夹断电压，
Figure PCTCN2017110983-appb-000003
代表有效栅电压，Voffset代表补偿电压，补偿电压与栅极-电解液、电解液-沟道这两个界面的电压降有关系。
当肌氨酸加入电解液中时，由于肌氨酸氧化酶催化肌氨酸分解生成H2O2，而H2O2进一步被铂电极分解并失去电子，在电极表面发生氧化还原反应，产生补偿电压Voffset，使有效栅电压发生改变。在此器件中，沟道电流IDS是由有效栅电压来调控的，而有效栅电压与在栅电极上的H2O2浓度的关系如下：
Figure PCTCN2017110983-appb-000004
其中，λ代表电解液-沟道、栅极-电解液这两个界面的电容比，[H2O2]代表H2O2的浓度，k代表玻尔兹曼常数，T代表温度；因此，有效栅电压
Figure PCTCN2017110983-appb-000005
与H2O2的浓度成正比关系，不同浓度的H2O2会引起
Figure PCTCN2017110983-appb-000006
变化不同的值。所以通过本发明提供的肌氨酸检测装置可以实现对H2O2的检测，从而实现对不同浓度肌氨酸的检测。如图3所示，当只在柵电极上修饰肌氨酸氧化酶时，加入不同浓度的肌氨酸溶液，沟道电流IDS出现台阶式变化，可以看出此时的肌氨酸检测极限是5x10-7M。
进一步，在本发明中，所述有机半导体薄膜层14为聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸、聚吡咯类、聚噻吩类、聚苯胺类、聚咔唑类中的一种或多种；由 于本发明是通过检测有机电化学晶体管中的沟道电流变化来实现对不同浓度肌氨酸的检测的，而在检测过程中沟道电流的变化是很微小的，因此需要导电率非常强的材料来作为连接源电极与漏电极的导体；优选地，本发明选用导电率较强的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸作为有机半导体薄膜层14，可有效提高对肌氨酸的检测灵敏度。
进一步，在本发明中，所述有机半导体薄膜层14的厚度为10～300nm；优选地，本发明设置所述有机半导体薄膜层的厚度为100nm，在该厚度值时，能充分保证源电极与漏电极的电连接，从而确保检测结果准确。
进一步，在本发明中，为了提高肌氨酸检测装置的灵敏度，可采用碳纳米管修饰柵电极的方式来实现，具体地，可将碳纳米管溶液与肌氨酸氧化酶溶液混合均匀，然后滴加在柵电极上，在冷藏并干燥处理后形成一层结合紧密的膜后，即得到碳纳米管修饰的肌氨酸传感器。当柵电极上修饰有肌氨酸氧化酶和碳纳米管时，采用含有所述柵电极的肌氨酸检测装置去检测不同浓度的肌氨酸溶液时，如图4所示的肌氨酸IDS肌-T测试曲线，在0.01M的PBS溶液中测试，VG＝0.5V，VDS＝0.1V，肌氨酸的检测极限是5x10-8M，比栅电极上仅修饰肌氨酸氧化酶时的肌氨酸检测极限值降低了一个数量级。
进一步，在本发明中，为了提高肌氨酸检测装置的灵敏度，还可采用金属纳米颗粒修饰柵电极的方式来实现，具体地，可通过先在柵电极表面沉积金属纳米颗粒，然后再沉积肌氨酸氧化酶即可制得金属纳米颗粒修饰的肌氨酸传感器。当柵电极上修饰有肌氨酸氧化酶和金属纳米颗粒时，采用含有所述柵电极的肌氨酸检测装置去检测不同浓度的肌氨酸溶液时，如图5所示肌氨酸的IDS-T测试曲线，在0.01M的PBS溶液中测试，VG＝0.5V，VDS＝0.1V，肌氨酸的检测极限是5x10-9M，比栅电极上仅修饰肌氨酸氧化酶时的肌氨酸检测极限值降低了两个数量级，完全可以满足尿液中浓度为2×10-8～5×10-6M的肌氨酸检测要求。
进一步，在本发明中，所述衬底材料为玻璃、硅片或PET中的一种；所述源电极和漏电极均由金、银、铜、铂金等金属导电薄膜材料构成；所述源电极和漏电极的厚度均为50-500nm，优选为100nm；所述柵电极为金电极、银电极、铂电极或石墨电极中的一种，优选为铂电极。
基于上述肌氨酸检测装置，本发明还提供一种肌氨酸检测装置的制备方法， 其中，包括步骤：
有机电化学晶体管的制备：在清洗后的衬底上通过热蒸镀沉积金属源电极和漏电极，在所述源电极和漏电极之间涂覆有机半导体薄膜层，涂覆完成后在氮气氛围下进行退火热处理得到有机电化学晶体管；
柵电极固定肌氨酸氧化酶：预先制备有机聚合物与肌氨酸氧化酶的混合溶液；在清洗并干燥后的柵电极上滴加所述混合溶液，冷藏干燥预定时间后，在柵电极上形成一层结合紧密的膜，即完成在柵电极上固定肌氨酸氧化酶的制备；
进一步，所述有机聚合物为聚糖(Chitosan)、全氟磺酸(Nafion)或聚苯胺(Polyaniline)中的一种。
肌氨酸检测装置的制备：将所述有机电化学晶体管和固定肌氨酸氧化酶的柵电极均放入装有电解液的电解池中，即制备出肌氨酸检测装置。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的肌氨酸检测装置的制备方法做进一步的说明：
实施例1
有机电化学晶体管(OECT)的制备：将清洗好的玻璃贴紧在设计好图案的掩模板上，通过热蒸镀沉积金属电极，分别沉积10nm的Cr和100nm的Au以得到Au/Cr/玻璃电极，在该电极上旋涂一层掺有二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)，将不需要覆盖PEDOT:PSS膜的地方擦除干净。在氮气氛围180℃退火30分钟，使PEDOT:PSS膜更加牢固的附着在电极表面并最终得到了有机电化学晶体管；
制作肌氨酸氧化酶修饰的铂电极：将铂电极分别用丙酮、乙醇以及水超声清洗10分钟并吹干待用；取20mg/ml的肌氨酸氧化酶溶液20μL与1％的Nafion溶液10μL混合均匀并滴加在铂电极表面，放入冰箱4℃冷藏干燥24小时，在铂电极表面形成一层结合紧密的膜后，用去离子水冲洗电极表面，以备待用；
肌氨酸检测装置的制备：将所述有机电化学晶体管和固定肌氨酸氧化酶的铂电极均放入装有电解液的电解池中，即制备出肌氨酸检测装置。
图3是只在栅电极上修饰肌氨酸氧化酶时，肌氨酸的IDS-T测试曲线，在0.01M的PBS溶液中测试，VG＝0.5V，VDS＝0.1V，肌氨酸的检测极限是5x10-7M。
实施例2
有机电化学晶体管(OECT)的制备：将清洗好的玻璃贴紧在设计好图案的掩模板上，通过热蒸镀沉积金属电极，分别沉积10nm的Cr和100nm的Au以得到Au/Cr/玻璃电极，在该电极上旋涂一层掺有二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)，将不需要覆盖PEDOT:PSS膜的地方擦除干净。在氮气氛围180℃退火30分钟，使PEDOT:PSS膜更加牢固的附着在电极表面并最终得到了OECT器件；
制备碳纳米管分散液：取1.5mg多壁碳纳米管加入5ml含有1％Nafion的PBS溶液中，超声分散4小时后，得到0.3mg/ml的分散均匀的多壁碳纳米管溶液；
制备碳纳米管与肌氨酸氧化酶修饰的栅电极：将铂电极分别用丙酮、乙醇以及水超声清洗10分钟并吹干待用；分别取分散均匀的0.3mg/ml的多壁碳纳米管溶液10μl和20mg/ml的肌氨酸氧化酶溶液20μl混合均匀，然后滴加在清洗干净的铂电极表面，放入冰箱4℃冷藏干燥24小时，在铂电极表面形成一层结合紧密的膜后，用去离子水冲洗电极表面，以备待用；
肌氨酸检测装置的制备：将碳纳米管与肌氨酸氧化酶修饰的铂电极和所述有机电化学晶体管均放入装有电解液的电解池中，即制备出肌氨酸检测装置。
基于有机电化学晶体管的碳纳米管修饰栅电极的肌氨酸传感器原理：基于有机电化学晶体管原理的基础上，利用碳纳米管对栅电极进一步改性，制备具有多层结构的多壁碳纳米管-Nafion/肌氨酸氧化酶/铂电极作为栅电极，以提高传感器的检测灵敏度。由于碳纳米管具有大的比表面积，而且电子传输性能好，能够使过氧化氢分解产生的电子快速传递到栅电极，从而提高肌氨酸的检测灵敏度。图4是在栅电极上修饰肌氨酸氧化酶和碳纳米管时，肌氨酸的IDS-T测试曲线，在0.01M的PBS溶液中测试，VG＝0.5V，VDS＝0.1V，肌氨酸的检测极限是5x10-8M，比不修饰的降低了一个数量级。
实施例3
有机电化学晶体管(OECT)的制备：将清洗好的玻璃贴紧在设计好图案的掩模板上，通过热蒸镀沉积金属电极，分别沉积10nm的Cr和100nm的Au以得到Au/Cr/玻璃电极，在该电极上旋涂一层掺有二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩：聚苯乙烯磺酸水溶液(PEDOT:PSS)，将不需要覆盖PEDOT:PSS膜的地方擦除干净。在氮气氛围180℃退火30分钟，使PEDOT:PSS膜更加牢 固的附着在电极表面并最终得到了OECT器件；
制备铂纳米颗粒修饰的栅电极：将铂电极分别用丙酮、乙醇以及水超声清洗10分钟并吹干待用；将清洗干净的铂电极作为工作电极与对电极(铂片)以及参比电极(银/氯化银)置于配制好的含有0.005M的氯铂酸和0.05M盐酸水溶液中进行电化学沉积，沉积电压为-0.3V，沉积时间为90s。沉积完成后清洗干净并干燥待用；
将肌氨酸氧化酶固定于铂纳米颗粒修饰的栅电极上：分别取20mg/ml的肌氨酸氧化酶溶液20μl和1％的Nafion溶液10μl混合均匀并滴加在铂电极表面，放入冰箱4℃冷藏干燥24小时，在铂电极表面形成一层结合紧密的膜后，用去离子水冲洗电极表面，以备待用；
肌氨酸检测装置的制备：将铂纳米颗粒与肌氨酸氧化酶修饰的铂电极和所述有机电化学晶体管均放入装有电解液的电解池中，即制备出肌氨酸检测装置。
基于有机电化学晶体管原理的基础上，用铂纳米颗粒对栅电极进一步改性，以提高传感器的检测灵敏度。图5是在栅电极上修饰铂纳米颗粒和肌氨酸氧化酶时，肌氨酸的IDS-T测试曲线，在0.01M的PBS溶液中测试，VG＝0.5V，VDS＝0.1V，肌氨酸的检测极限是5x10-9M，比不修饰的降低了2个数量级，完全可以满足尿液中浓度为2×10-8～5×10-6M的肌氨酸检测要求。
进一步，本发明还提供一种肌氨酸检测装置的应用，其中，所述肌氨酸检测装置用于检测肌氨酸的浓度。
综上所述，本发明提供一种肌氨酸检测装置及其制备方法、应用，所述肌氨酸检测装置包括一有机电化学晶体管以及固定有肌氨酸氧化酶的柵电极，当待测肌氨酸与柵电极上的肌氨酸氧化酶发生化学反应时，会引起柵电极的界面电势变化，最终通过测量有机电化学晶体管沟道电流的变化来实现对肌氨酸浓度的检测；本发明采用的有机电化学晶体管具有传感和信号放大的功能，在肌氨酸检测中具有非常高的灵敏度和非常低的检测极限，并且本发明提供的肌氨酸检测装置结构简单、制作成本低、工作电压低，且可实现便携式检测。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，例如，本发明中有机电化学晶体管中的有机半导体层可换成其他无机半导体薄膜材料如石墨烯等，或者本发明中修饰栅 电极的铂纳米颗粒可以替换成其他金属纳米颗粒如金纳米颗粒等，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，包括一有机电化学晶体管以及柵电极，所述柵电极通过电解液与所述有机电化学晶体管连接，所述柵电极上固定有肌氨酸氧化酶。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，所述有机电化学晶体管包括衬底以及设置在衬底上的源电极和漏电极，所述源电极与漏电极通过有机半导体薄膜连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，所述有机半导体薄膜层为聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸、聚吡咯类、聚噻吩类、聚苯胺类、聚咔唑类中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，所述有机半导体薄膜层的厚度为10～300nm。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，所述衬底材料为玻璃、硅片或PET中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，所述柵电极表面沉积有金属纳米颗粒或碳纳米管。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的肌氨酸检测装置，其特征在于，所述柵电极为金电极、银电极、铂电极或石墨电极中的一种。
  8. 一种肌氨酸检测装置的制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    有机电化学晶体管的制备：在清洗后的衬底上通过热蒸镀沉积金属源电极和漏电极，在所述源电极和漏电极之间涂覆有机半导体薄膜层，涂覆完成后在氮气氛围下进行退火热处理得到有机电化学晶体管；
    柵电极固定肌氨酸氧化酶：预先制备有机聚合物与肌氨酸氧化酶的混合溶液；在清洗并干燥后的柵电极上滴加所述混合溶液，冷藏干燥预定时间后，在柵电极上形成一层结合紧密的膜，即完成在柵电极上固定肌氨酸氧化酶的制备；
    肌氨酸检测装置的制备：将所述有机电化学晶体管和固定肌氨酸氧化酶的柵电极均放入装有电解液的电解池中，即制备出肌氨酸检测装置。
  9. 一种肌氨酸检测装置的应用，其特征在于，所述肌氨酸检测装置用于检测肌氨酸的浓度。
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