WO2018094969A1 - 一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末 - Google Patents

一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末 Download PDF

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WO2018094969A1
WO2018094969A1 PCT/CN2017/083107 CN2017083107W WO2018094969A1 WO 2018094969 A1 WO2018094969 A1 WO 2018094969A1 CN 2017083107 W CN2017083107 W CN 2017083107W WO 2018094969 A1 WO2018094969 A1 WO 2018094969A1
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micro
stainless steel
powder
nano
cracks
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French (fr)
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蒋玮
蒋险峰
李银银
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
    • B22F1/0545—Dispersions or suspensions of nanosized particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/04—Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/40—Intermetallics other than rare earth-Co or -Ni or -Fe intermetallic alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/10—Carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/25—Oxide
    • B22F2302/253—Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
    • B22F2304/054—Particle size between 1 and 100 nm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of laser repair, in particular to a micro-nano composite powder which is specially used for laser repairing micro cracks on stainless steel surface.
  • microcracks Due to its high strength and excellent mechanical properties, stainless steel is widely used in the production of various equipment and components.
  • microcracks will inevitably occur during manufacturing or workpiece service, and microcracks are one of the main causes of failure of structural components.
  • the initiation and propagation of cracks reduces the service life of the workpiece and may even introduce unpredictable catastrophic risks. If the failed workpiece is directly discarded, this will result in huge economic losses and waste of resources. In contrast, repair is the most economical and environmentally friendly way.
  • iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based powders are primarily used in laser repair steel or other materials.
  • traditional composite powders also have some defects in the repair process, such as the occurrence of voids and cracks in the repair layer. Even the poor fusion of the bonding surface of the repair layer and the substrate leads to the occurrence of a gap, which provides a convenient path for crack propagation.
  • a micro-nano composite powder dedicated to laser repairing micro-cracks on a stainless steel surface comprising 3%-7% by weight of nano-WC, 0.5%-2% of nano-Al 2 O 3 , 0.2%-0.8 % of micron-sized V powder, the balance being micron-sized stainless steel powder; the stainless steel powder contains 0.08% by weight of C, 0.5% of Si, 1.46% of Mn, 0.03% of P, 0.005% of S, 19% Cr, 9.5% Ni, 0.5% Mo, the balance is Fe.
  • the nano WC powder and the nano Al 2 O 3 powder are nearly perfect spherical particles, and the Al 2 O 3 powder, the nano WC powder, the V powder and the stainless steel powder are thoroughly mixed by mechanical ball milling, and then further mixed uniformly by using anhydrous ethanol. .
  • the WC nano powder, the powder particles have a particle diameter of 50-80 nm and a purity of 99.99%; the stainless steel powder particles have a particle diameter of 30-50 ⁇ m and a purity of 99.9%, and the stainless steel powder has good fusion with the matrix.
  • the performance is superior to that of the substrate; the V powder has a particle diameter of 20-50 ⁇ m and a purity of 99.9%; and the nano Al 2 O 3 powder particles have a particle diameter of 30-50 nm and a purity of 99.99%.
  • nano-WC powder In the process of laser repair of nano-WC powder, a part of the laser beam will melt due to the high energy of the laser beam. Unmelted nano WC The presence of the reinforcing particles in the repair layer acts as a filling and bridging, and at the same time hinders the growth of the crystal grains therein, and finally forms uniform fine crystal grains, thereby increasing the degree of densification of the structure. Decomposed nano WC The particles, combined with other elements, not only purify the grain boundaries, but also form various carbides, which act as solid solution strengthening.
  • the nano-Al 2 O 3 particles with a nearly spherical shape are dispersed and distributed between the fine crystal grains and evenly distributed in the repair layer, which plays a role of dispersion strengthening.
  • the addition of fine nano-Al 2 O 3 particles also increases the nucleation concentration and accelerates the process of grain refinement and tissue densification in the laser repair layer.
  • the fine grains make more total grain boundary area per unit volume, which helps to improve the mechanical properties of the material.
  • the nano Al 2 O 3 particles can inhibit the formation of cracks in the repair layer.
  • the powder mainly acts as an activator in the process of laser repair, and can also refine the grain of the structure to a certain extent.
  • the composition of the stainless steel powder is similar to that of the matrix material, increasing the affinity of the repair layer to the matrix, and improving the strength of the metallurgical bond between the repair layer and the substrate, so that the composite powder is sufficiently uniformly fused at the micro cracks on the surface of the stainless steel.
  • the composite powder of the above-mentioned components proposed by the present invention is particularly suitable for laser repair of micro cracks on the surface of stainless steel parts having high strength and toughness requirements.
  • a crack-free laser repair coating can be obtained without preheating and subsequent heat treatment, and micro cracks in the part are repaired.
  • the composite powder can be fully fused with the substrate, and the interface between the repair layer and the substrate is metallurgically bonded, without cracks and inclusions.
  • uniform and fine grain structure is obtained in the repair layer, and the components are evenly distributed, which improves the repair.
  • the compactness of the layer In addition, the fracture properties of the material are improved after laser repair.
  • Figure 1 is a distribution diagram of the Y-direction strain value e yy at the crack tip of a laser-repaired stainless steel test piece
  • Figure 2 is a distribution diagram of the Y-direction strain value e yy at the crack tip of the unrepaired stainless steel test piece;
  • Figure 3 is an interface diagram of the stainless steel laser repair layer and the substrate
  • Figure 4 shows the grain pattern in the stainless steel laser repair layer.
  • Example 1 5% by weight of nano-WC (50-80 nm), 1% of nano-Al 2 O 3 (30-50 nm), 0.5% of V powder (20-50 ⁇ m), and the balance being micron Grade stainless steel powder (30-50 ⁇ m).
  • stainless steel powder contains 0.08% C, 0.5% Si, 1.46% Mn, 0.03% P, 0.005% S, 19% Cr, 9.5% Ni, 0.5% Mo, and the balance is Fe. .
  • the various powders were thoroughly mixed by mechanical ball milling, and then further mixed by using anhydrous ethanol.
  • the composite powder is dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 2 hours; using 400-2000 The sandpaper of the number is polished in turn, then washed with absolute ethanol, and then dried; the composite powder is uniformly preset on the surface of the base stainless steel to be repaired, and the preset thickness is controlled at 0.8-1.2mm.
  • laser technology is used to repair micro cracks on the surface of stainless steel substrate.
  • the process parameters are: laser power 1.5-3KW, laser repair time 1-2s, spot diameter 3.0-5.0mm, the defocus amount is 220-240mm.
  • the COD of the fracture parameters of the compact tensile specimens under various loads was reduced.
  • the Y-direction strain value e yy at the crack tip of the laser repair specimen and the unrepaired specimen was digital image.
  • the measured results of the related software are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively. It can be seen that the Y-direction strain value e yy at the crack tip of the laser repair specimen is smaller than the Y-direction strain value e yy at the crack tip of the unrepaired specimen.
  • the fracture parameter COD of the specimen decreased by 21.9%, indicating that the fracture performance of the specimen after repair was improved.
  • the matrix and the composite powder preset at the crack tip are metallurgically bonded.
  • the joint region has no defects such as cracks and pores.
  • the crystal grains of the crack tip repair layer are refined and organized. The compactness is significantly improved.
  • Example 2 3% by weight of nano-WC (50-80 nm), 2% of nano-Al 2 O 3 (30-50 nm), 0.8% of V powder (20-50 ⁇ m), and the balance being micron Grade stainless steel powder (30-50 ⁇ m).
  • stainless steel powder contains 0.08% C, 0.5% Si, 1.46% Mn, 0.03% P, 0.005% S, 19% Cr, 9.5% Ni, 0.5% Mo, and the balance is Fe. .
  • the various powders were thoroughly mixed by mechanical ball milling, and then further mixed by using anhydrous ethanol.
  • the laser repair cracking method is the same as in the first embodiment. After the repair, the interface is metallurgical; the grains in the repair layer are refined, and the compactness of the structure is improved; under the load of 20kN, the fracture parameter COD of the test piece is reduced by 19.3%, and the fracture performance is improved.
  • Example 3 7% by weight of nano-WC (50-80 nm), 0.5% of nano-Al 2 O 3 (30-50 nm), 0.2% of V powder (20-50 ⁇ m) remaining in micron order Stainless steel powder (30-50 ⁇ m).
  • stainless steel powder contains 0.08% C, 0.5% Si, 1.46% Mn, 0.03% P, 0.005% S, 19% Cr, 9.5% Ni, 0.5% Mo, and the balance is Fe. .
  • the various powders were thoroughly mixed by mechanical ball milling, and then further mixed by using anhydrous ethanol.
  • the laser repair cracking method is the same as in the first embodiment. After the repair, the interface is metallurgical; the grains in the repair layer are refined and the compactness of the structure is improved; under the load of 20kN, the fracture parameter COD of the test piece is reduced by 18.6%, and the fracture performance is improved.

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Abstract

一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，包括重量百分比为3％-7％的纳米WC，0.5％-2％的纳米Al 2O 3，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末，微纳米粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀；不锈钢粉末包含重量百分比为0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。

Description

一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末
技术领域
本发明属于激光修复技术领域，特别是指一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末。
背景技术
由于不锈钢高强度和优异力学性能的特点，其被广泛的用于生产各种设备和部件。然而，在制造或工件服役的过程中，微裂纹将不可避免地产生，而且微裂纹是结构部件失效的主要原因之一。裂纹的萌生和扩展降低了工件的使用寿命，甚至可能带来不可预知的灾难性风险。如果将失效的工件直接废弃，这将造成巨大的经济损失和资源浪费，相比之下，修复是最经济和环保的方式。
通常，铁基、镍基和钴基粉末主要用于激光修复钢或类似其他的材料。但是传统的复合粉末在修复的过程中也有出现一些缺陷，比如修复层中出现孔隙和裂缝等等。甚至修复层和基体的结合面融合性差导致出现缝隙，为裂纹的扩展提供了一个方便的路径。目前，没有专用于激光修复的金属粉末使修复层表现出令人满意的致密化程度，也没有专用于激光修复的金属粉末来提高断裂性能，尤其是对不锈钢零件。
因此，我们有必要提供一种复合粉末用于激光修复不锈钢的表面上的微裂纹，以实现修复层与基体结合紧密，提高修复层中致密化程度，达到高强度、强韧性，改善其断裂性能。
发明内容
为了克服上述激光修复过程中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种微纳米复合粉末，用于激光修复不锈钢表面微裂纹，得到无裂纹的修复层，修复层具有优越的强度和断裂性能；本发明的另一个目的是获得冶金结合的界面和含有细小晶粒的修复层。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，所述的复合粉末包括重量百分比为 3%-7% 的纳米 WC ， 0.5%-2% 的纳米 Al2O3 ， 0.2%-0.8% 的微米级 V 粉末，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末；所述的不锈钢粉末包含重量百分比为 0.08% 的 C ， 0.5% 的 Si ， 1.46% 的 Mn ， 0.03% 的 P ， 0.005% 的 S ， 19% 的 Cr ， 9.5% 的 Ni ， 0.5% 的 Mo ，余量为 Fe 。
所述纳米 WC 粉末和纳米 Al2O3 粉末为近乎完美的球形粒子， Al2O3 粉末、纳米 WC 粉末、 V 粉末和不锈钢粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀。所述的 WC 纳米粉末，粉末颗粒的粒径为 50-80nm ，纯度为 99.99 ％；所述的不锈钢粉末颗粒的粒径为 30-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％，不锈钢粉末具有与基体融合性好，性能优于基体的特性；所述的 V 粉末粒径为 20-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％；所述的纳米 Al2O3 粉末颗粒的粒径为 30-50nm ，纯度为 99.99 ％。
纳米 WC 粉末在激光修复的过程中，由于激光束的高能量会熔解一部分。未熔解的纳米 WC 作为强化颗粒存在于修复层中，起着填充和桥联的作用，同时阻碍其中晶粒的长大，最终形成均匀细小的晶粒，提高了组织的致密化程度。分解的纳米 WC 颗粒，与其它元素结合，不仅净化了晶界，还会形成各种碳化物，起到固溶强化的作用。
激光修复试件后，形状近似球形的纳米 Al2O3 粒子弥散分布在微细晶粒之间，均匀地分布在修复层中，起到了弥散强化的作用。同时细小的纳米 Al2O3 颗粒的添加也提高了成核浓度，加快了激光修复层中晶粒细化和组织致密化的进程。细小晶粒使单位体积内有更多的晶界总面积，有助于提高材料的力学性能。另外纳米 Al2O3 颗粒能抑制修复层中裂纹的形成。
V 粉末在激光修复的过程中主要充当活化剂的作用，还可以一定程度的细化组织晶粒。不锈钢粉末成分与基体材料成分相似，增加修复层与基体的亲和性，提高修复层与基体冶金结合的强度，使该复合粉末在不锈钢表面微小裂纹处充分均匀融合。
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：
本发明提出的上述成分的复合粉末，特别适用于有高强韧性要求的不锈钢零件表面微小裂纹的激光修复。利用此复合粉末进行激光修复时，在无需预热和后续热处理的条件下即可获得无裂纹的激光修复涂层，修复了零件中的微小裂纹。激光修复后，复合粉末可与基材充分融合，修复层和基体的界面发生冶金结合，无裂纹、无夹杂；同时修复层中获得了均匀细小的晶粒组织，各成分均匀分布，提高了修复层的致密性。另外，经过激光修复后，材料的断裂性能得到提高。
附图说明
图 1 为激光修复不锈钢试件裂纹尖端处 Y 方向应变值 eyy 分布云图；
图 2 为未修复不锈钢试件裂纹尖端处 Y 方向应变值 eyy 分布云图；
图 3 为不锈钢激光修复层与基体的界面图；
图 4 为不锈钢激光修复层中的晶粒图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实例对本发明作进一步的详细描述，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例 1 ：按重量百分比计，包含 5% 的纳米 WC （ 50-80nm ）， 1% 的纳米 Al2O3 （ 30-50nm ）， 0.5% 的 V 粉末（ 20-50μm ），余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末（ 30-50μm ）。其中不锈钢粉末中，含有 0.08% 的 C ， 0.5% 的 Si ， 1.46% 的 Mn ， 0.03% 的 P ， 0.005% 的 S ， 19% 的 Cr ， 9.5% 的 Ni ， 0.5% 的 Mo ，余量为 Fe 。采用上述配方，将各种粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用 无水乙醇调和后 进一步混合均匀。
在激光修复工艺前，对复合粉末进行温度为 150 ℃ 、时间为 2h 的干燥处理；利用 400-2000 号的砂纸依次对待修复区域进行打磨，接着用无水乙醇清洗，然后烘干；将配比的复合粉末均匀预置在基体不锈钢待修复的表面微小裂纹处，预置厚度控制在 0.8-1.2mm ，保证表面平整、孔隙率低；采用激光技术，修复不锈钢基体表面微小裂纹，工艺参数为：激光功率 1.5-3KW ，激光修复时间为 1-2s ，光斑直径 3.0-5.0mm ，离焦量为 220-240mm 。
经过激光修复后，各个载荷下紧凑拉伸试样的断裂参量 COD 均有所减小，其中 20kN 的载荷下，激光修复试件与未修复试件裂纹尖端处 Y 方向应变值 eyy 由数字图像相关软件测得结果分别如图 1 和图 2 所示，由图可知激光修复试件裂纹尖端处 Y 方向应变值 eyy 比未修复试件裂纹尖端处 Y 方向应变值 eyy 要小。经过数字图像相关分析软件 VIC-2D 的计算，试件的断裂参量 COD 减小 21.9% ，表明修复后试件的断裂性能有所提高。另外，基体与预置在裂纹尖端的复合粉末呈现冶金结合，如图 3 所示，结合区无裂纹、气孔等缺陷；同时如图 4 所示，裂纹尖端修复层的晶粒得到细化，组织的致密性得到显著地提高。
实施例 2 ：按重量百分比计，包含 3% 的纳米 WC （ 50-80nm ）， 2% 的纳米 Al2O3 （ 30-50nm ）， 0.8% 的 V 粉末（ 20-50μm ），余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末（ 30-50μm ）。其中不锈钢粉末中，含有 0.08% 的 C ， 0.5% 的 Si ， 1.46% 的 Mn ， 0.03% 的 P ， 0.005% 的 S ， 19% 的 Cr ， 9.5% 的 Ni ， 0.5% 的 Mo ，余量为 Fe 。采用上述配方，将各种粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用 无水乙醇调和后 进一步混合均匀。激光修复裂纹方法同实施例 1 。修复后界面呈现冶金结合；修复层中的晶粒得到细化，组织的致密性得到提高；在 20kN 的载荷下，试件的断裂参量 COD 减小 19.3% ，断裂性能提高。
实施例 3 ：按重量百分比计，包含 7% 的纳米 WC （ 50-80nm ）， 0.5% 的纳米 Al2O3 （ 30-50nm ）， 0.2% 的 V 粉末（ 20-50μm ）余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末（ 30-50μm ）。其中不锈钢粉末中，含有 0.08% 的 C ， 0.5% 的 Si ， 1.46% 的 Mn ， 0.03% 的 P ， 0.005% 的 S ， 19% 的 Cr ， 9.5% 的 Ni ， 0.5% 的 Mo ，余量为 Fe 。采用上述配方，将各种粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用 无水乙醇调和后 进一步混合均匀。激光修复裂纹方法同实施例 1 。修复后界面呈现冶金结合；修复层中的晶粒得到细化，组织的致密性得到提高；在 20kN 的载荷下，试件的断裂参量 COD 减小 18.6% ，断裂性能提高。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的复合粉末包括重量百分比为 3%-7% 的纳米 WC ， 0.5%-2% 的纳米 Al2O3 ， 0.2%-0.8% 的微米级 V 粉末，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末，微纳米粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用 无水乙醇调和后 进一步混合 均匀；所述的不锈钢粉末包含重量百分比为 0.08% 的 C ， 0.5% 的 Si ， 1.46% 的 Mn ， 0.03% 的 P ， 0.005% 的 S ， 19% 的 Cr ， 9.5% 的 Ni ， 0.5% 的 Mo ，余量为 Fe 。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的纳米 WC 粉末颗粒的粒径为 50-80nm ，纯度为 99.99 ％。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的纳米 Al2O3 粉末颗粒的粒径为 30-50nm ，纯度为 99.99 ％。
  4. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的不锈钢粉末颗粒的粒径为 30-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％。
  5. 根据权利要求 3 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的不锈钢粉末颗粒的粒径为 30-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 或 5 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的 V 粉末的粒径为 20-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％。
  7. 根据权利要求 3 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的 V 粉末的粒径为 20-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％。
  8. 根据权利要求 4 所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的 V 粉末的粒径为 20-50μm ，纯度为 99.9 ％。
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