CN106636892B - 一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末 - Google Patents

一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末 Download PDF

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CN106636892B
CN106636892B CN201611052058.6A CN201611052058A CN106636892B CN 106636892 B CN106636892 B CN 106636892B CN 201611052058 A CN201611052058 A CN 201611052058A CN 106636892 B CN106636892 B CN 106636892B
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蒋玮
蒋险峰
李银银
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，包括重量百分比为3％‑7％的纳米WC，0.5％‑2％的纳米Al2O3，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末，微纳米粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀；不锈钢粉末包含重量百分比为0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。本发明提供的复合粉末适用于有高强韧性要求的不锈钢零件表面微小裂纹的激光修复；激光修复后，复合粉末可与基材充分融合，修复层和基体的界面发生冶金结合，无裂纹、无夹杂，修复层中含有细小晶粒，提高修复层的致密性、断裂性能。

Description

一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末
技术领域
本发明属于激光修复技术领域，特别是指一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末。
背景技术
由于不锈钢高强度和优异力学性能的特点，其被广泛的用于生产各种设备和部件。然而，在制造或工件服役的过程中，微裂纹将不可避免地产生，而且微裂纹是结构部件失效的主要原因之一。裂纹的萌生和扩展降低了工件的使用寿命，甚至可能带来不可预知的灾难性风险。如果将失效的工件直接废弃，这将造成巨大的经济损失和资源浪费，相比之下，修复是最经济和环保的方式。
通常，铁基、镍基和钴基粉末主要用于激光修复钢或类似其他的材料。但是传统的复合粉末在修复的过程中也有出现一些缺陷，比如修复层中出现孔隙和裂缝等等。甚至修复层和基体的结合面融合性差导致出现缝隙，为裂纹的扩展提供了一个方便的路径。目前，没有专用于激光修复的金属粉末使修复层表现出令人满意的致密化程度，也没有专用于激光修复的金属粉末来提高断裂性能，尤其是对不锈钢零件。
因此，我们有必要提供一种复合粉末用于激光修复不锈钢的表面上的微裂纹，以实现修复层与基体结合紧密，提高修复层中致密化程度，达到高强度、强韧性，改善其断裂性能。
发明内容
为了克服上述激光修复过程中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种微纳米复合粉末，用于激光修复不锈钢表面微裂纹，得到无裂纹的修复层，修复层具有优越的强度和断裂性能；本发明的另一个目的是获得冶金结合的界面和含有细小晶粒的修复层。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，所述的复合粉末包括重量百分比为3％-7％的纳米WC，0.5％-2％的纳米Al2O3，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末；所述的不锈钢粉末包含重量百分比为0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。
所述纳米WC粉末和纳米Al2O3粉末为近乎完美的球形粒子，Al2O3粉末、纳米WC粉末和不锈钢粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀。所述的WC纳米粉末，粉末颗粒的粒径为50-80nm，纯度为99.99％；所述的不锈钢粉末颗粒的粒径为30-50μm，纯度为99.9％，不锈钢粉末具有与基体融合性好，性能优于基体的特性；所述的纳米Al2O3粉末颗粒的粒径为30-50nm，纯度为99.99％。
纳米WC粉末在激光修复的过程中，由于激光束的高能量会熔解一部分。未熔解的纳米WC作为强化颗粒存在于修复层中，起着填充和桥联的作用，同时阻碍其中晶粒的长大，最终形成均匀细小的晶粒，提高了组织的致密化程度。分解的纳米WC颗粒，与其它元素结合，不仅净化了晶界，还会形成各种碳化物，起到固溶强化的作用。
激光修复试件后，形状近似球形的纳米Al2O3粒子弥散分布在微细晶粒之间，均匀地分布在修复层中，起到了弥散强化的作用。同时细小的纳米Al2O3颗粒的添加也提高了成核浓度，加快了激光修复层中晶粒细化和组织致密化的进程。细小晶粒使单位体积内有更多的晶界总面积，有助于提高材料的力学性能。另外纳米Al2O3颗粒能抑制修复层中裂纹的形成。
不锈钢粉末成分与基体材料成分相似，增加修复层与基体的亲和性，提高修复层与基体冶金结合的强度，使该复合粉末在不锈钢表面微小裂纹处充分均匀融合。
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：
本发明提出的上述成分的复合粉末，特别适用于有高强韧性要求的不锈钢零件表面微小裂纹的激光修复。利用此复合粉末进行激光修复时，在无需预热和后续热处理的条件下即可获得无裂纹的激光修复涂层，修复了零件中的微小裂纹。激光修复后，复合粉末可与基材充分融合，修复层和基体的界面发生冶金结合，无裂纹、无夹杂；同时修复层中获得了均匀细小的晶粒组织，各成分均匀分布，提高了修复层的致密性。另外，经过激光修复后，材料的断裂性能得到提高。
附图说明
图1为激光修复不锈钢试件裂纹尖端处Y方向应变值eyy分布云图；
图2为未修复不锈钢试件裂纹尖端处Y方向应变值eyy分布云图；
图3为不锈钢激光修复层与基体的界面图；
图4为不锈钢激光修复层中的晶粒图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实例对本发明作进一步的详细描述，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1：按重量百分比计，包含5％的纳米WC(50-80nm)，1％的纳米Al2O3(30-50nm)，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末(30–50μm)。其中不锈钢粉末中，含有0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。采用上述配方，将各种粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀。
在激光修复工艺前，对复合粉末进行温度为150℃、时间为2h的干燥处理；利用400-2000号的砂纸依次对待修复区域进行打磨，接着用无水乙醇清洗，然后烘干；将配比的复合粉末均匀预置在基体不锈钢待修复的表面微小裂纹处，预置厚度控制在0.8-1.2mm，保证表面平整、孔隙率低；采用激光技术，修复不锈钢基体表面微小裂纹，工艺参数为：激光功率1.5-3KW，激光修复时间为1-2s，光斑直径3.0-5.0mm，离焦量为220-240mm。
经过激光修复后，各个载荷下紧凑拉伸试样的断裂参量COD均有所减小，其中20kN的载荷下，激光修复试件与未修复试件裂纹尖端处Y方向应变值eyy由数字图像相关软件测得结果分别如图1和图2所示，由图可知激光修复试件裂纹尖端处Y方向应变值eyy比未修复试件裂纹尖端处Y方向应变值eyy要小。经过数字图像相关分析软件VIC-2D的计算，试件的断裂参量COD减小21.9％，表明修复后试件的断裂性能有所提高。另外，基体与预置在裂纹尖端的复合粉末呈现冶金结合，如图3所示，结合区无裂纹、气孔等缺陷；同时如图4所示，裂纹尖端修复层的晶粒得到细化，组织的致密性得到显著地提高。
实施例2：按重量百分比计，包含3％的纳米WC(50-80nm)，2％的纳米Al2O3(30-50nm)，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末(30–50μm)。其中不锈钢粉末中，含有0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。采用上述配方，将各种粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀。激光修复裂纹方法同实施例1。修复后界面呈现冶金结合；修复层中的晶粒得到细化，组织的致密性得到提高；在20kN的载荷下，试件的断裂参量COD减小19.3％，断裂性能提高。
实施例3：按重量百分比计，包含7％的纳米WC(50-80nm)，0.5％的纳米Al2O3(30-50nm)，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末(30–50μm)。其中不锈钢粉末中，含有0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。采用上述配方，将各种粉末通过机械球磨充分混合，然后利用无水乙醇调和后进一步混合均匀。激光修复裂纹方法同实施例1。修复后界面呈现冶金结合；修复层中的晶粒得到细化，组织的致密性得到提高；在20kN的载荷下，试件的断裂参量COD减小18.6％，断裂性能提高。

Claims (5)

1.一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的复合粉末包括重量百分比为3％-7％的纳米WC，0.5％-2％的纳米Al2O3，余量为微米级的不锈钢粉末，微纳米粉末通过机械球磨充分混合后，利用无水乙醇调和进一步混合均匀；所述的不锈钢粉末包含重量百分比为0.08％的C，0.5％的Si，1.46％的Mn，0.03％的P，0.005％的S，19％的Cr，9.5％的Ni，0.5％的Mo，余量为Fe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的纳米WC粉末颗粒的粒径为50-80nm，纯度为99.99％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的不锈钢粉末颗粒的粒径为30-50μm，纯度为99.9％。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的纳米Al2O3粉末颗粒的粒径为30-50nm，纯度为99.99％。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种专用于激光修复不锈钢表面微小裂纹的微纳米复合粉末，其特征在于，所述的纳米Al2O3粉末颗粒的粒径为30-50nm，纯度为99.99％。
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