WO2018090924A1 - 过压和反接保护电路及其设备 - Google Patents

过压和反接保护电路及其设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018090924A1
WO2018090924A1 PCT/CN2017/111053 CN2017111053W WO2018090924A1 WO 2018090924 A1 WO2018090924 A1 WO 2018090924A1 CN 2017111053 W CN2017111053 W CN 2017111053W WO 2018090924 A1 WO2018090924 A1 WO 2018090924A1
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voltage
capacitor
resistor
input voltage
overvoltage
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PCT/CN2017/111053
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English (en)
French (fr)
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柳泽世
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深圳创维数字技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018090924A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018090924A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage

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  • the present disclosure relates to the field of electronic technology, for example, to an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit and apparatus therefor.
  • the present disclosure provides an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit and a device thereof to solve the problem that a dangerous accident occurs when the device is connected to the power adapter in an overvoltage and reverse connection, and the use is unsafe, and there is a safety hazard.
  • the present disclosure provides an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit disposed on a circuit board of a device, the protection circuit including a reverse connection detection module, an overvoltage detection module, and an output control module;
  • the reverse connection detecting module is configured to determine whether the input voltage of the power adapter is a low level when the power adapter is detected to be connected, and determine that the power adapter is reversed when the input voltage is a low level. And interrupting the input of the input voltage; when the input voltage is not low, outputting the input voltage to the overvoltage detection module;
  • the overvoltage detection module is configured to determine whether the input voltage is greater than a set voltage: when the input voltage is greater than the set voltage, determine that the input voltage is an overvoltage, and control the output control module to be off Turning on the power supply path, stopping power supply to the device; when the input voltage is less than or equal to the set voltage, controlling the output control module to turn on the power supply path, and outputting a power supply voltage to supply power to the device.
  • the reverse connection detecting module includes an input interface, a diode, and a storage capacitor;
  • the input pin of the input interface is connected to the anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the energy storage device.
  • the anode of the capacitor and the overvoltage detecting module, the cathode of the storage capacitor is connected to the grounding pin of the input interface and the ground.
  • the overvoltage detection module includes a triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor;
  • One end of the first resistor is connected to the positive pole of the storage capacitor, the emitter of the triode is connected to the output control module; the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the triode a base of the transistor, the collector of the transistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the output control module, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the other end of the third resistor and ground.
  • the output control module includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a metal oxide semiconductor MOS transistor, and a fourth resistor;
  • a source of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor, one end of the first capacitor, and an emitter of the transistor, and a gate of the MOS transistor is connected to another end of the fourth resistor, The other end of the first capacitor and the collector of the transistor, the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of the second capacitor and the power supply end, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
  • the triode is a PNP triode
  • the MOS transistor is a PMOS.
  • the output control module further includes a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor;
  • One end of the third capacitor is connected to one end of the second capacitor, one end of the fourth capacitor, and the power supply end, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor and ground.
  • the present disclosure also provides an overvoltage and reverse connection protection device comprising a circuit board provided with an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit as described in any of the above, the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit settings To connect to the power adapter;
  • the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit determines whether the power adapter is reversed according to the input voltage of the power adapter, and interrupts the input of the input voltage when the power adapter is reversed; when the power adapter is not reversed, Determining whether the input voltage is greater than a set voltage, and when the input voltage is greater than the set voltage, overvoltage, stopping power supply to the device; when the input voltage is less than or equal to the set voltage, The output supply voltage then supplies power to the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an overvoltage and reverse connection protection device according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit provided by an embodiment.
  • the utility model provides an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit and device, which can prevent the device from being damaged when the power adapter is reversely connected with the positive and negative poles of the device, and the function of the device is not damaged when the high voltage adapter is inserted into the low voltage device.
  • the present embodiment provides an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit 10 connected to a power adapter 40.
  • the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit 10 is disposed on a circuit board 20 in the device 30.
  • the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit 10 determines whether the power adapter 40 is reversely connected according to the input voltage VIN of the power adapter 40, and interrupts the input of the input voltage VIN; if the power adapter 40 is not reversed, according to whether the input voltage VIN is greater than
  • the voltage is determined to determine whether the voltage is over: if the voltage is greater than the overvoltage, the power supply to the device 30 is stopped; when the input voltage VIN is less than or equal to the set voltage, the power supply voltage VOUT is output to supply power to the device 30. In the overvoltage and reverse connection, the power supply to the device is stopped. Only when the input voltage VIN is normal, the power supply can be avoided, thereby avoiding the occurrence of dangerous accidents during overvoltage and reverse connection, improving the safety of use and solving the safety hazard.
  • the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit 10 includes a reverse connection detection module 110, an overvoltage detection module 120, and an output control module 130.
  • the reverse connection detection module 110 is connected to the overvoltage detection module 120, and the overvoltage detection module 120 and The output control module 130 is connected, and the output control module 130 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC of the device 30.
  • the reverse connection detecting module 110 detects that the power adapter is connected, it determines whether the input voltage VIN is low level (usually 0V): if it is, the power adapter is reversely connected, and the input of the input voltage VIN is interrupted; if the input voltage VIN is not low, The input voltage VIN is output to the overvoltage detection module 120.
  • the overvoltage detection module 120 determines whether the input voltage VIN is greater than the set voltage: if it is overvoltage, the control output control module 130 disconnects the power supply path and stops supplying power to the device 30; when the input voltage VIN is less than or equal to the set voltage, the voltage is normal, and the control is normal.
  • the output control module 130 turns on the power supply path, and the output power supply voltage VOUT supplies power to the device 30.
  • the reverse connection detecting module 110 includes an input interface J1, a diode D1, and a storage capacitor CE1; an input pin VIN of the input interface J1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the storage capacitor CE1.
  • the overvoltage detection module 120, the negative terminal of the storage capacitor CE1 is connected to the grounding pin GND of the input interface J1 and the ground.
  • the AC plug of the power adapter 40 is usually connected to the mains, and the DC plug (output) of the power adapter 40 is connected to the input interface J1 of the corresponding device 30.
  • the DC plug When the DC plug is connected, some DC plugs are internally positive and negative, and some DC plugs are internally negative and positive.
  • the negative DC plug When the negative DC plug is inserted into the input interface J1, the VIN pin of the input interface J1 is positive, the positive voltage is input, the GND pin is 0V, that is, the power adapter is connected, and the input current corresponding to the input voltage VIN flows smoothly through the diode D1.
  • Overvoltage detection module 120 When the DC plug is connected, some DC plugs are internally positive and negative, and some DC plugs are internally negative and positive.
  • the negative DC plug When the negative DC plug is inserted into the input interface J1, the VIN pin of the input interface J1 is positive, the positive voltage is input, the GND pin is 0V, that is, the power adapter is connected, and the
  • the VIN pin of the input interface J1 is the negative pole (corresponding to the ground of the device to the positive pole of the power adapter).
  • the GND pin inputs a positive voltage
  • the power adapter is reversed. Due to the unidirectional conductivity of the diode D1, the positive and negative poles of the power adapter cannot form a loop at this time, and the input voltage VIN cannot be output through the diode D1, and will not communicate with the power supply terminal VCC of the device 30, so the device 30 does not It can be affected and damaged so that the device 30 can be protected during reverse connection.
  • the overvoltage detection module 120 includes a transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the anode of the storage capacitor CE1, the emitter of the transistor Q1, and the output control module 130.
  • the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the base of the transistor Q1, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the third resistor R3 and the output control module 130, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected.
  • the other end of the three resistor R3 and the ground is connected.
  • the output control module 130 includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a MOS transistor Q2, and a fourth resistor R4.
  • the source of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, one end of the first capacitor C1, and the transistor Q1.
  • the emitter, the gate of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor R4, the other end of the first capacitor C1 and the collector of the transistor Q1, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2 and the power supply terminal VCC.
  • the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
  • the transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor
  • the MOS transistor Q2 is a PMOS.
  • the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 constitute a voltage dividing circuit, and the overvoltage protection value, that is, the magnitude of the set voltage, is set by setting the resistance values of the two resistors.
  • the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 form a gate source UGS partial voltage of the MOS transistor Q2 to control the opening and closing of the MOS transistor Q2.
  • the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are both filter capacitors.
  • the voltage dividing action of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 will turn on and off the transistor Q1, and then the gate source GS voltage of the MOS transistor Q2 will be smaller than the opening of the MOS transistor Q2.
  • the voltage, the MOS transistor Q2 is turned off, and the input voltage VIN is disconnected from the power supply terminal VCC of the device 30, so that the device 30 can be protected at a high voltage. If the high voltage power adapter 40 is not powered when it is inserted in a low voltage device, the low voltage device will not be damaged.
  • the transistor Q1 When the input voltage VIN is less than or equal to the set voltage value, the transistor Q1 is turned on, the UGS is greater than the turn-on voltage of the MOS transistor Q2, the MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, the power supply voltage VOUT is output to the power supply terminal VCC, and the device 30 can be powered normally. .
  • the storage capacitor CE1 has a large capacitance value, and can store electrical energy in addition to filtering when the input voltage VIN is input. In this way, when the source (S pole) of the MOS transistor Q2 has a voltage overshoot at the instant of starting the device, the existence of the storage capacitor CE1 can play a slow-starting effect, thereby preventing the overshoot.
  • the output control module 130 further includes a third capacitor C3 and a fourth capacitor C4 for filtering anti-interference; one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, one end of the fourth capacitor C4, and the power supply. At the terminal VCC, the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 and to the ground.
  • the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit 10 provided in this embodiment can protect the device 30 from damage: even if the high voltage power supply is continuously inserted in the low voltage device, or the power supply is continuously inserted, the device 30 will not be heated and burned. Therefore, personal safety and property damage will not occur and protection will be achieved.
  • thyristor is mostly used in high-voltage and high-power devices.
  • Low-voltage DC low-power devices are commonly used in the home, and it is not suitable for thyristor. Circuit.
  • the unidirectional conductivity of the diode is used to realize that the power source can only circulate in one direction, thereby realizing equipment damage caused by reverse power connection, and the high voltage can be realized by the common voltage division of the resistor, the triode and the switching characteristics of the MOS tube.
  • Input protection simple circuit structure, no need to use IC, low cost and high reliability;
  • the overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit and the device thereof provided by the disclosure can avoid dangerous accidents when the input voltage of the device is overvoltage and reverse connection, improve the safety of the device, and solve the safety hazard.

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Abstract

一种过压和反接保护电路及设备，包括反接检测模块、过压检测模块和输出控制模块；反接检测模块、过压检测模块、输出控制模块依次连接；反接检测模块检测电源适配器接入时，判断输入电压是否为低电平：是则判断电源适配器反接，中断输入电压的输入；否则将输入电压输出给过压检测模块；过压检测模块判断输入电压是否大于设定电压：是则过压，控制输出控制模块断开供电通路，停止对设备供电；否则控制输出控制模块导通供电通路，输出供电电压对设备供电。

Description

过压和反接保护电路及其设备 技术领域
本公开涉及电子技术领域，例如涉及一种过压和反接保护电路及其设备。
背景技术
随着社会的发展，智能终端设备的普及率越来越高，种类也越来越多，比如机顶盒、(Over The Top，OTT)盒子、路由器、交换机以及不同种类的儿童充电玩具等。这样导致使用的设备规格也越来越多，越来越复杂。并且，由于不同设备的插头极为相近，很容易出现插错、插反等情况。当高电压的适配器插在低压设备上时会损坏该低压设备；当正负极插反时，也会损坏该设备。而如果长时间插在设备上，则极容易发生火灾、触电等险情。而消费者多数为普通百姓，无法区别适配器也没有相关的专业知识，更没有专业的测量仪器，存在安全隐患。
发明内容
本公开提供一种过压和反接保护电路及其设备，以解决设备与电源适配器连接出现过压和反接时，易发生危险事故，使用不安全，存在安全隐患的问题。
本公开提供一种过压和反接保护电路，设置在设备的电路板上，所述保护电路包括反接检测模块、过压检测模块和输出控制模块；
所述反接检测模块设置为当检测到电源适配器接入时，判断所述电源适配器的输入电压是否为低电平，当所述输入电压为低电平时，则判断所述电源适配器反接，并中断所述输入电压的输入；当所述输入电压不是低电平时，则将所述输入电压输出给所述过压检测模块；
所述过压检测模块设置为判断所述输入电压是否大于设定电压：当所述输入电压大于所述设定电压时，则判定所述输入电压为过压，并控制所述输出控制模块断开供电通路，停止对所述设备供电；当所述输入电压小于等于所述设定电压时则控制输出控制模块导通所述供电通路，输出供电电压对所述设备供电。
可选地，所述反接检测模块包括输入接口、二极管和储能电容；
所述输入接口的输入脚连接二极管的正极，所述二极管的负极连接储能电 容的正极和所述过压检测模块，所述储能电容的负极连接所述输入接口的接地脚和地。
可选地，所述过压检测模块包括三极管、第一电阻、第二电阻和第三电阻；
所述第一电阻的一端连接所述储能电容的正极、所述三极管的发射极和所述输出控制模块连接；所述第一电阻的另一端连接所述第二电阻的一端和所述三极管的基极，所述三极管的集电极连接所述第三电阻的一端和所述输出控制模块，所述第二电阻的另一端连接所述第三电阻的另一端和地。
可选地，所述输出控制模块包括第一电容、第二电容、金属氧化物半导体MOS管和第四电阻；
所述MOS管的源极连接所述第四电阻的一端、所述第一电容的一端和所述三极管的发射极，所述MOS管的栅极连接所述第四电阻的另一端、所述第一电容的另一端和所述三极管的集电极，所述MOS管的漏极连接所述第二电容的一端和供电端，所述第二电容的另一端接地。
可选地，所述三极管为PNP三极管，所述MOS管为PMOS。
可选地，所述输出控制模块还包括第三电容和第四电容；
所述第三电容的一端连接所述第二电容的一端、所述第四电容的一端和所述供电端，所述第三电容的另一端连接所述第四电容的另一端和地。
本公开还提供一种过压和反接保护设备，包括一电路板，所述电路板上设置有如上述任一所述的过压和反接保护电路，所述过压和反接保护电路设置为与电源适配器连接；
所述过压和反接保护电路根据所述电源适配器的输入电压判断电源适配器是否被反接，当电源适配器被反接时则中断所述输入电压的输入；当电源适配器没有被反接时，则判断所述输入电压是否大于设定电压，当所述输入电压大于所述设定电压时，则过压，停止对所述设备供电；当所述输入电压小于等于所述设定电压时，则输出供电电压对所述设备供电。
附图说明
图1为一实施例提供的过压和反接保护设备的结构框图；
图2为一实施例提供的过压和反接保护电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
本实用新型提供一种过压和反接保护电路及设备，能实现在电源适配器与设备的正负极反接时不会损坏设备，以及当高压适配器插入低压设备时不会损坏该设备的功能；从而避免过压和反接时危险事故的发生，提高使用安全性，解决安全隐患。请参阅图1，本实施例提供一种过压和反接保护电路10，与电源适配器40连接，过压和反接保护电路10设置在设备30内的一电路板20上。过压和反接保护电路10根据电源适配器40的输入电压VIN判断电源适配器40是否被反接，是则中断输入电压VIN的输入；电源适配器40是没有被反接则根据输入电压VIN是否大于设定电压来判断是否过压：大于则过压，停止对设备30供电；当输入电压VIN小于等于设定电压则输出供电电压VOUT对设备30供电。在过压和反接时都停止对设备进行供电，只有输入电压VIN为正常值才供电，从而可避免过压和反接时危险事故的发生，提高使用安全性，解决安全隐患。
本实施例中，过压和反接保护电路10包括反接检测模块110、过压检测模块120和输出控制模块130；反接检测模块110与过压检测模块120连接，过压检测模块120与输出控制模块130连接，输出控制模块130连接设备30的供电端VCC。反接检测模块110检测电源适配器接入时，判断输入电压VIN是否为低电平(通常为0V)：是则判断电源适配器反接，中断输入电压VIN的输入；输入电压VIN不是低电平则将输入电压VIN输出给过压检测模块120。过压检测模块120判断输入电压VIN是否大于设定电压：是则过压，控制输出控制模块130断开供电通路，停止对设备30供电；当输入电压VIN小于等于设定电压则电压正常，控制输出控制模块130导通供电通路，输出供电电压VOUT对设备30供电。
请一并参阅图2，反接检测模块110包括输入接口J1、二极管D1和储能电容CE1；输入接口J1的输入脚VIN连接二极管D1的正极，二极管D1的负极连接储能电容CE1的正极和过压检测模块120，储能电容CE1的负极连接输入接口J1的接地脚GND和地。
需要理解的是，电源适配器40的交流插头通常连接市电，电源适配器40的直流插头(输出端)连接相应的设备30的输入接口J1。直流插头接入时，有些直流插头是内正外负，有些直流插头是内负外正。当内正外负的直流插头插在输入接口J1时，输入接口J1的VIN脚是正极，输入正电压，GND脚为0V，即电源适配器正接，输入电压VIN对应的输入电流通过二极管D1顺利流入过压检测模块120。
当内负外正的直流插头插入时，输入接口J1的VIN脚是负极(相当于设备的地到了电源适配器的正极)，GND脚输入正电压，则电源适配器反接。由于二极管D1的单向导电性的特点，此时会让电源适配器的正负极无法形成回路，输入电压VIN无法通过二极管D1输出，就不会与设备30的供电端VCC连通，所以设备30不会受到影响和损坏，从而能够在反接时保护设备30。
所述过压检测模块120包括三极管Q1、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第三电阻R3；第一电阻R1的一端连接储能电容CE1的正极、三极管Q1的发射极和输出控制模块130连接；第一电阻R1的另一端连接第二电阻R2的一端和三极管Q1的基极，三极管Q1的集电极连接第三电阻R3的一端和输出控制模块130，第二电阻R2的另一端连接第三电阻R3的另一端和地。
所述输出控制模块130包括第一电容C1、第二电容C2、MOS管Q2和第四电阻R4；MOS管Q2的源极连接第四电阻R4的一端、第一电容C1的一端和三极管Q1的发射极，MOS管Q2的栅极连接第四电阻R4的另一端、第一电容C1的另一端和三极管Q1的集电极，MOS管Q2的漏极连接第二电容C2的一端和供电端VCC，第二电容C2的另一端接地。
其中，三极管Q1为PNP三极管，MOS管Q2为PMOS。第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2构成分压电路，通过设置这两个电阻的阻值来设定过压保护值，即上述设定电压的大小。第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4形成MOS管Q2的栅源UGS分压来控制MOS管Q2的启闭。第一电容C1和第二电容C2均为滤波电容。
当输入电压VIN高于设定电压时，通过第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2的分压作用会把三极管Q1打开截止，然后MOS管Q2的栅源GS两极电压UGS会小于MOS管Q2的开启电压，MOS管Q2断开截止，输入电压VIN和设备30的供电端VCC断开，从而能够在高压时保护设备30。如当高电压的电源适配器40插在低压设备时就不供电，就不会损坏该低压设备。
当输入电压VIN小于或等于设定电压值时，三极管Q1导通，UGS大于MOS管Q2的开启电压，MOS管Q2导通，供电电压VOUT输出至供电端VCC，设备30即可得电正常工作。
在具体实施时，储能电容CE1的容值较大，在输入电压VIN输入时除了用于滤波，还能存储电能。这样在设备的开机瞬间，MOS管Q2的源极(S极)有电压过冲时，储能电容CE1的存在可以起到缓启的效果，从而起到防过冲的目的。
为了使供电更加稳定，输出控制模块130还包括用于滤波抗干扰的第三电容C3和第四电容C4；第三电容C3的一端连接第二电容C2的一端、第四电容C4的一端和供电端VCC，第三电容C3的另一端连接第四电容C4的另一端和地。
综上，本实施例提供的过压和反接保护电路10能保护设备30不受损坏：即使高压电源持续插在低压设备上，或者电源持续插反，都不会导致设备30发热和燃烧，从而不会发生人身安全和财产损失，起到保护作用。
与相关技术相比，相关技术中的设备采用集成电路IC来设计相应的保护电路，但集成IC设计的成本太高，不能普及使用。有的采用可控硅设计，但其成本高、体积大；并且可控硅多使用在高压和高功耗的设备上，家庭普遍使用的是低压直流低功耗设备，不适合采用可控硅电路。本实施例中利用二极管的单向导电性实现电源只能单方向流通，从而实现防电源反接导致的设备损坏，并通过通用的电阻的分压、三极管和MOS管的开关特性就能实现高压输入的防护，电路结构简单，无需使用IC、成本很低，可靠性强；
工业实用性
本公开提供的过压和反接保护电路及其设备，能够避免设备的输入电压过压和反接时发生危险事故，提高了设备使用的安全性，解决了安全隐患。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种过压和反接保护电路，设置在设备的电路板上，所述保护电路包括反接检测模块、过压检测模块和输出控制模块；
    所述反接检测模块设置为当检测到电源适配器接入时，判断所述电源适配器的输入电压是否为低电平，当所述输入电压为低电平时，则判断所述电源适配器反接，并中断所述输入电压的输入；当所述输入电压不是低电平时，则将所述输入电压输出给所述过压检测模块；
    所述过压检测模块设置为判断所述输入电压是否大于设定电压：当所述输入电压大于所述设定电压时，则判定所述输入电压为过压，并控制所述输出控制模块断开供电通路，停止对所述设备供电；当所述输入电压小于等于所述设定电压时则控制输出控制模块导通所述供电通路，输出供电电压对所述设备供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电路，其中，所述反接检测模块包括输入接口、二极管和储能电容；
    所述输入接口的输入脚连接二极管的正极，所述二极管的负极连接储能电容的正极和所述过压检测模块，所述储能电容的负极连接所述输入接口的接地脚和地。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电路，其中，所述过压检测模块包括三极管、第一电阻、第二电阻和第三电阻；
    所述第一电阻的一端连接所述储能电容的正极、所述三极管的发射极和所述输出控制模块连接；所述第一电阻的另一端连接所述第二电阻的一端和所述三极管的基极，所述三极管的集电极连接所述第三电阻的一端和所述输出控制模块，所述第二电阻的另一端连接所述第三电阻的另一端和地。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电路，其中，所述输出控制模块包括第一电容、第二电容、金属氧化物半导体MOS管和第四电阻；
    所述MOS管的源极连接所述第四电阻的一端、所述第一电容的一端和所述三极管的发射极，所述MOS管的栅极连接所述第四电阻的另一端、所述第一电容的另一端和所述三极管的集电极，所述MOS管的漏极连接所述第二电容的一端和供电端，所述第二电容的另一端接地。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电路，其中，所述三极管为PNP三极管，所述MOS管为PMOS。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电路，其中，所述输出控制模块还包括第三电容 和第四电容；
    所述第三电容的一端连接所述第二电容的一端、所述第四电容的一端和所述供电端，所述第三电容的另一端连接所述第四电容的另一端和地。
  7. 一种过压和反接保护设备，包括一电路板，所述电路板上设置有如权利要求1-6任一所述的过压和反接保护电路，所述过压和反接保护电路设置为与电源适配器连接；
    所述过压和反接保护电路根据所述电源适配器的输入电压判断电源适配器是否被反接，当电源适配器被反接时则中断所述输入电压的输入；当电源适配器没有被反接时，则判断所述输入电压是否大于设定电压，当所述输入电压大于所述设定电压时，则过压，停止对所述设备供电；当所述输入电压小于等于所述设定电压时，则输出供电电压对所述设备供电。
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