WO2018083059A1 - Multiple hearth furnace and method for operating a multiple hearth furnace - Google Patents

Multiple hearth furnace and method for operating a multiple hearth furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018083059A1
WO2018083059A1 PCT/EP2017/077753 EP2017077753W WO2018083059A1 WO 2018083059 A1 WO2018083059 A1 WO 2018083059A1 EP 2017077753 W EP2017077753 W EP 2017077753W WO 2018083059 A1 WO2018083059 A1 WO 2018083059A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fired
floors
solid fuel
burner
floor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/077753
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz TÖLKE
Christoph Beyer
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag
Priority to CN201780068241.1A priority Critical patent/CN109923362A/en
Priority to EP17800726.6A priority patent/EP3535537A1/en
Publication of WO2018083059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018083059A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
    • F27B9/18—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path under the action of scrapers or pushers
    • F27B9/185—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path under the action of scrapers or pushers multiple hearth type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-level multi-fired oven and a method for operating such a multi-level oven.
  • Deck ovens are used for heat treatment of various materials such as clay, dolomite, magnesite rock or lime. Further, for example, aluminum, coke, iron oxide and oil sludge are treated in deck ovens.
  • a multi-level oven consists of several superimposed floors, which are passed through successively from top to bottom of the material to be treated. At least some floors are operated with a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a respect of the energy costs improved multi-level oven and a corresponding method for operating a multi-level oven.
  • the inventive method for operating a bunk oven uses several fired floors, wherein at least one solid fuel and at least one gaseous and / or liquid fuel are used.
  • the multi-deck oven according to the invention provides for several fired floors, at least one of the fired floors being equipped with a gas or liquid burner, and at least one of the fired floors being equipped with at least one solid fuel burner.
  • At least the uppermost and the lowest of the fired floors are operated with the gaseous and / or liquid fuel.
  • the gaseous and / or liquid fuel In this way it can be ensured that no unburned particles of the solid fuel are discharged at the upper or lower end of the furnace.
  • at least a part, preferably the predominant part, most preferably all provided between the uppermost and the lowest firing floor, fired floors can be operated with the solid fuel.
  • Solid fuels are usually cheaper than liquid or gaseous fuels, in particular cheaper than the natural gas commonly used. This is especially the case if suburb already coal preparation is available. The fuel costs can be further reduced if as many of the fired floors as possible are operated with the solid fuel.
  • each fired stage may contain at least one, preferably at least two, most preferably at least three or more four burners, operated.
  • only one type of fuel ie either a solid fuel or a gaseous or a liquid fuel can be used per fired level.
  • at least one of the fired floors at least two different fuels are used. This can be useful, in particular, if the most complete possible burnout of the introduced fuel is to be ensured.
  • the multi-level oven has 15, 18 or more floors, at least 5 floors are expediently operated with at least one solid fuel burner, preferably at least 3 solid fuel burners.
  • solid fuel in particular ground coal, comminuted, renewable raw materials, Torrefizêtides material or mixtures thereof can be used.
  • the solid fuel should desirably have a calorific value of at least 8MJ, preferably more than 15MJ, most preferably more than 25MJ.
  • a particularly good distribution of the fuel can be achieved in that the solid fuel, preferably a biogenic fuel, together with the material to be treated is given to the furnace and at least partially burns at least from the first fired floor.
  • Fig.l is a schematic representation of the oven according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view in the area of a fired with four solid fuel burner floor.
  • Figure 1 shows a multi-level oven 1 with six fired levels 2.1 - 2.6.
  • an inlet 3 is provided for the material 4 to be treated.
  • suitable materials include all suitable materials, such as clay, dolomite, magnesite or lime, but also, for example, aluminum, coke, iron oxide and oil sludge into consideration.
  • a suitable transport system (not shown) is provided, with which the material to be treated 4 is promoted from floor to floor.
  • the transport system may, for example, comprise a plurality of Krählarmen equipped with Krählzähnen, which are driven by a central column 5 and the material to the outlet of each Floor lead.
  • outlet openings of successive floors are alternately arranged on the outer circumference or in the region of the central column, so that the material is transported in one floor from the inside to the outside and in the next lower floor from outside to inside.
  • an outlet 6 for the heat-treated material 7 is provided at the lower end of the bunker.
  • the uppermost (fired) floor 2.1 and the lowermost (fired) floor 2.6 are operated in the illustrated embodiment with a gaseous fuel (8), for example natural gas, which is fed to the gas burners 10, 11 via a gas control line 9.
  • a gaseous fuel for example natural gas
  • the middle floors 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 are operated in the illustrated embodiment with a solid fuel 12, which is fed from a reservoir 13 via a metering unit 15 operated with transport air 14 the solid fuel burners 16-19.
  • the preparation of the solid fuel takes place in a suitable manner, for example with an optional grinding or comminution unit 20 and / or an optional Torrefiz istsaggregat 21st
  • each fired floor or burner is supplied with combustion air (not shown) to provide the oxygen required for combustion.
  • the combustion exhaust gases can be discharged either via exhaust gas outlet openings in the individual floors and / or via at least one exhaust gas outlet opening 22 provided centrally at the upper end of the stack furnace 1.
  • Unfired floors for preheating for example, and unfurned floors at the bottom for cooling the material may be available at the top.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible arrangement of four solid fuel burners 16a-16d in the area of the floor 2.2.
  • the solid fuel burner are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the floor.
  • Each of the solid fuel burner is slightly oblique to the radial direction and aligned in the direction of rotation 23 of the Krählarme. This orientation of the burner causes a better and more even distribution of energy in the furnace chamber and thus an optimal treatment of the current flow.
  • the deck oven is variable in size and can have 10, 15, 18 and more floors. Depending on the size of the deck oven then the top 2, 3 or 4 floors for material preheating and the bottom 2, 3, or 4 floors for cooling the material flow be used. It would also be conceivable, however, that all floors are operated with the appropriate fuels, so that a preheating zone and / or the cooling zone omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The claimed method for operating a multiple hearth furnace uses a number of heated hearths, wherein at least one solid fuel and at least one gaseous and/or liquid fuel are used. The claimed multiple hearth furnace provides a number of heated hearths, wherein at least one of said heated hearths is equipped with a gas burner or liquid burner and, in addition, at least one of the heated hearths is equipped with at least one solid fuel burner.

Description

Etagenofen und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Etagenofens  Multi-level oven and method for operating a multi-level oven
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Etagenofen mit mehreren befeuerten Etagen sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Etagenofens. Etagenöfen werden zur Wärmebehandlung verschiedenster Materialien, wie Ton, Dolomit, Magnesitgestein oder Kalk eingesetzt. Des Weiteren werden beispielsweise Aluminium, Koks, Eisenoxid und Ölschlamm in Etagenöfen behandelt. The invention relates to a multi-level multi-fired oven and a method for operating such a multi-level oven. Deck ovens are used for heat treatment of various materials such as clay, dolomite, magnesite rock or lime. Further, for example, aluminum, coke, iron oxide and oil sludge are treated in deck ovens.
Ein Etagenofen besteht aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten Etagen, die von dem zu behandelnden Material nacheinander von oben nach unten durchlaufen werden. Zumindest einige Etagen werden mit einem gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoff betrieben. A multi-level oven consists of several superimposed floors, which are passed through successively from top to bottom of the material to be treated. At least some floors are operated with a gaseous or liquid fuel.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen hinsichtlich der Energiekosten verbesserten Etagenofen und ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Etagenofens anzugeben. The invention has for its object to provide a respect of the energy costs improved multi-level oven and a corresponding method for operating a multi-level oven.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 10 gelöst. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 10.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Etagenofens nutzt mehrere befeuerte Etagen, wobei wenigstens ein Festbrennstoff und wenigstens ein gasförmiger und/oder flüssiger Brennstoff zum Einsatz kommen. Der erfindungsgemäße Etagenofen sieht mehrere befeuerte Etagen vor, wobei zumindest eine der befeuerten Etagen mit einem Gas- oder einem Flüssigkeitsbrenner ausgerüstet ist und außerdem wenigstens eine der befeuerten Etagen mit wenigstens einem Feststoffbrenner ausgerüstet ist. The inventive method for operating a bunk oven uses several fired floors, wherein at least one solid fuel and at least one gaseous and / or liquid fuel are used. The multi-deck oven according to the invention provides for several fired floors, at least one of the fired floors being equipped with a gas or liquid burner, and at least one of the fired floors being equipped with at least one solid fuel burner.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden zumindest die oberste und die unterste der befeuerten Etagen mit dem gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Brennstoff betrieben. Auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass keine unverbrannten Partikel des Festbrennstoffs am oberen bzw. unteren Ende des Etagenofens ausgetragen werden. Weiterhin können zumindest ein Teil, vorzugsweise der überwiegende Teil, höchstvorzugsweise alle zwischen der obersten und der untersten befeuerten Etage vorgesehenen, befeuerten Etagen mit dem Festbrennstoff betrieben werden. Festbrennstoffe sind meist günstiger als flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe, insbesondere günstiger als das üblicherweise verwendete Erdgas. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn Vorort schon eine Kohleaufbereitung vorhanden ist. Die Brennstoffkosten können weiter reduziert werden, wenn möglichst viele der befeuerten Etagen mit dem Festbrennstoff betrieben werden. According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least the uppermost and the lowest of the fired floors are operated with the gaseous and / or liquid fuel. In this way it can be ensured that no unburned particles of the solid fuel are discharged at the upper or lower end of the furnace. Furthermore, at least a part, preferably the predominant part, most preferably all provided between the uppermost and the lowest firing floor, fired floors can be operated with the solid fuel. Solid fuels are usually cheaper than liquid or gaseous fuels, in particular cheaper than the natural gas commonly used. This is especially the case if suburb already coal preparation is available. The fuel costs can be further reduced if as many of the fired floors as possible are operated with the solid fuel.
Um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Befeuerung zu erreichen, kann jede befeuerte Etage mit wenigstens einem, vorzugsweise wenigstens zwei, höchstvorzugshalber wenigstens drei oder vier Brennern, betrieben werden. Dabei kann pro befeuerter Etage jeweils nur eine Art von Brennstoff, also entweder ein Festbrennstoff oder ein gasförmiger oder ein flüssiger Brennstoff zum Einsatz kommen. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass bei zumindest einer der befeuerten Etagen zumindest zwei unterschiedliche Brennstoffe zum Einsatz kommen. Dies kann insbesondere dann sinnvoll sein, wenn ein möglichst vollständiger Ausbrand der eingebrachten Brennstoffe sichergestellt werden soll. Weist der Etagenofen 15, 18 oder mehr Etagen auf, werden zweckmäßigerweise wenigstens 5 Etagen mit wenigstens einem Feststoffbrenner, vorzugsweise wenigstens 3 Feststoffbrennern betrieben. In order to achieve as uniform a firing as possible, each fired stage may contain at least one, preferably at least two, most preferably at least three or more four burners, operated. In this case, only one type of fuel, ie either a solid fuel or a gaseous or a liquid fuel can be used per fired level. However, it is also conceivable that at least one of the fired floors at least two different fuels are used. This can be useful, in particular, if the most complete possible burnout of the introduced fuel is to be ensured. If the multi-level oven has 15, 18 or more floors, at least 5 floors are expediently operated with at least one solid fuel burner, preferably at least 3 solid fuel burners.
Als Festbrennstoff können insbesondere gemahlene Kohle, zerkleinerte, nachwachsende Rohstoffe, torrefiziertes Material oder deren Mischungen zum Einsatz kommen. Der Festbrennstoff sollte zweckmäßigerweise einen Heizwert von wenigstens 8 MJ, vorzugsweise mehr als 15MJ, höchstvorzugsweise mehr als 25MJ aufweisen. Eine besonderes gute Verteilung des Brennstoffs lässt sich dadurch erreichen, dass der feste Brennstoff, vorzugsweiser ein biogener Brennstoff, gemeinsam mit dem zu behandelnden Material dem Ofen aufgegeben wird und wenigstens ab der ersten befeuerten Etage wenigstens teilweise verbrennt. As solid fuel, in particular ground coal, comminuted, renewable raw materials, Torrefiziertes material or mixtures thereof can be used. The solid fuel should desirably have a calorific value of at least 8MJ, preferably more than 15MJ, most preferably more than 25MJ. A particularly good distribution of the fuel can be achieved in that the solid fuel, preferably a biogenic fuel, together with the material to be treated is given to the furnace and at least partially burns at least from the first fired floor.
Damit der verwendete Brennstoff schnell in den Etagen umgesetzt werden kann, ist eine geeignete Aufbereitung in einem Mahl- oder Zerkleinerungsaggreagt und/oder einem Torrefizierungsaggregat, das mit den Feststoffbrennern in Verbindung steht, sinnvoll. In order that the fuel used can be rapidly converted into the floors, a suitable treatment in a grinding or crushing plant and / or a Torrefizierungsaggregat, which communicates with the solid fuel burners, makes sense.
In der Zeichnung zeigen In the drawing show
Fig.l eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Etagenofens und Fig.l is a schematic representation of the oven according to the invention and
Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung im Bereich einer mit vier Feststoffbrennern befeuerten Etage. Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view in the area of a fired with four solid fuel burner floor.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Etagenofen 1 mit sechs befeuerten Etagen 2.1 - 2.6. Am oberen Ende des Etagenofens ist eine Einlass 3 für das zu behandelnde Material 4 vorgesehen. Als Material kommen alle geeigneten Materialien, wie Ton, Dolomit, Magnesitgestein oder Kalk, aber beispielsweise auch Aluminium, Koks, Eisenoxid und Ölschlamm in Betracht. In jeder Etage ist ein geeignetes Transportsystem (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen, mit dem das zu behandelnde Material 4 von Etage zu Etage gefördert wird. Das Transportsystem kann dabei beispielsweise eine Vielzahl von mit Krählzähnen bestückten Krählarmen aufweisen, die über eine Zentralsäule 5 angetrieben werden und das Material zu den Auslassöffnungen jeder Etage führen. Die Auslassöffnungen aufeinanderfolgender Etagen sind dabei abwechselnd am äußeren Umfang bzw. im Bereich der Zentralsäule angeordnet, sodass das Material in einer Etage von innen nach außen und in der nächst tiefer liegenden Etage von außen nach innen transportiert wird. Am unteren Ende des Etagenofens ist ein Auslass 6 für das wärmebehandelte Material 7 vorgesehen. Figure 1 shows a multi-level oven 1 with six fired levels 2.1 - 2.6. At the upper end of the stack oven, an inlet 3 is provided for the material 4 to be treated. Suitable materials include all suitable materials, such as clay, dolomite, magnesite or lime, but also, for example, aluminum, coke, iron oxide and oil sludge into consideration. In each floor, a suitable transport system (not shown) is provided, with which the material to be treated 4 is promoted from floor to floor. The transport system may, for example, comprise a plurality of Krählarmen equipped with Krählzähnen, which are driven by a central column 5 and the material to the outlet of each Floor lead. The outlet openings of successive floors are alternately arranged on the outer circumference or in the region of the central column, so that the material is transported in one floor from the inside to the outside and in the next lower floor from outside to inside. At the lower end of the bunker, an outlet 6 for the heat-treated material 7 is provided.
Die oberste (befeuerte) Etage 2.1 und die unterste (befeuerte) Etage 2.6 werden im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem gasförmigen Brennstoff (8), beispielsweise Erdgas, betrieben, der über eine Gasregelstrecke 9 dosiert den Gasbrennern 10, 11 zugeführt wird. Die mittleren Etagen 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 und 2.5 werden im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Festbrennstoff 12 betrieben, der aus einem Vorratsbehälter 13 über eine mit Transportluft 14 betriebene Dosiereinheit 15 den Feststoffbrennern 16 - 19 zugeführt wird. Die Aufbereitung des Festbrennstoffs erfolgt in geeigneter Art und Weise, beispielsweise mit einem optionalen Mahl- oder Zerkleinerungsaggregat 20 und/oder einem optionalen Torrefizierungsaggregat 21. The uppermost (fired) floor 2.1 and the lowermost (fired) floor 2.6 are operated in the illustrated embodiment with a gaseous fuel (8), for example natural gas, which is fed to the gas burners 10, 11 via a gas control line 9. The middle floors 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 are operated in the illustrated embodiment with a solid fuel 12, which is fed from a reservoir 13 via a metering unit 15 operated with transport air 14 the solid fuel burners 16-19. The preparation of the solid fuel takes place in a suitable manner, for example with an optional grinding or comminution unit 20 and / or an optional Torrefizierungsaggregat 21st
Selbstverständlich wird jede befeuerte Etage bzw. jeder Brenner mit Verbrennungsluft versorgt (nicht dargestellt), um den für die Verbrennung erforderlichen Sauerstoff bereitzustellen. Die Verbrennungsabgase können entweder über Abgasauslassöffnungen in den einzelnen Etagen und/oder über wenigstens eine zentral am oberen Ende des Etagenofens 1 vorgesehene Abgasauslassöffnung 22 ausgeschleust werden. Of course, each fired floor or burner is supplied with combustion air (not shown) to provide the oxygen required for combustion. The combustion exhaust gases can be discharged either via exhaust gas outlet openings in the individual floors and / or via at least one exhaust gas outlet opening 22 provided centrally at the upper end of the stack furnace 1.
Wenngleich beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel alle Etagen befeuert sind, können auch einzelne unbefeuerte Etagen vorgesehen werden. So bieten sich ggf. am oberen Ende unbefeuerte Etagen zum Vorwärmen und am unteren Ende unbefeuerte Etagen zum Kühlen des Materials an. Although all floors are fired in the illustrated embodiment, individual unfired floors can be provided. Unfired floors for preheating, for example, and unfurned floors at the bottom for cooling the material may be available at the top.
Figur 2 zeigt eine mögliche Anordnung von vier Feststoffbrennern 16a - 16d im Bereich der Etage 2.2. Um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung innerhalb der befeuerten Etage zu erreichen, sind die Feststoffbrenner gleichmäßig verteilt am äußeren Umfang der Etage angeordnet. Jeder der Feststoffbrenner ist dabei leicht schräg zu radialen Richtung und in Drehrichtung 23 der Krählarme ausgerichtet. Diese Ausrichtung der Brenner bewirkt eine bessere und gleichmäßigere Verteilung der Energie im Ofenraum und damit eine optimale Behandlung des Stroffstroms. FIG. 2 shows a possible arrangement of four solid fuel burners 16a-16d in the area of the floor 2.2. In order to achieve the most uniform possible heat distribution within the fired floor, the solid fuel burner are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the floor. Each of the solid fuel burner is slightly oblique to the radial direction and aligned in the direction of rotation 23 of the Krählarme. This orientation of the burner causes a better and more even distribution of energy in the furnace chamber and thus an optimal treatment of the current flow.
Der Etagenofen ist in seiner Größe variabel und kann 10, 15, 18 und mehr Etagen aufweisen. Je nach Größe des Etagenofen können dann die obersten 2, 3 oder 4 Etagen zur Materialvorwärmung und die untersten 2, 3, oder 4 Etagen zur Kühlung des Materialstroms genutzt werden. Denkbar wäre jedoch auch, dass alle Etagen mit den entsprechenden Brennstoffen betrieben werden, sodass eine Vorwärmzone und/oder die Kühlzone entfallen. The deck oven is variable in size and can have 10, 15, 18 and more floors. Depending on the size of the deck oven then the top 2, 3 or 4 floors for material preheating and the bottom 2, 3, or 4 floors for cooling the material flow be used. It would also be conceivable, however, that all floors are operated with the appropriate fuels, so that a preheating zone and / or the cooling zone omitted.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Etagenofens (1) mit mehreren befeuerten Etagen (2.1 - 2.6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Festbrennstoff (12) und wenigstens ein gasförmiger und/oder flüssiger Brennstoff (8) zum Einsatz kommen, wobei bei zumindest einer der befeuerten Etagen zumindest zwei unterschiedliche Brennstoffe zum Einsatz kommen. 1. A method for operating a multi-level furnace (1) (2.1 - 2.6), characterized in that at least one solid fuel (12) and at least one gaseous and / or liquid fuel (8) are used, wherein at least one the fired floors at least two different fuels are used.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die oberste (2.1) und die unterste (2.6) der befeuerten Etagen mit dem gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Brennstoff (8) betrieben werden. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the uppermost (2.1) and the lowest (2.6) of the fired floors with the gaseous and / or liquid fuel (8) are operated.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teil zwischen der obersten und der untersten befeuerten Etage vorgesehenen, befeuerten Etagen (2.2 -3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one part provided between the uppermost and the lowest fired level floor, fired floors (2.2 -
2.5) mit dem Festbrennstoff (12) betrieben werden. 2.5) are operated with the solid fuel (12).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede befeuerte Etage (2.1 -4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each fired floor (2.1 -
2.6) mit wenigstens einem Brenner betrieben wird. 2.6) is operated with at least one burner.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass pro befeuerter Etage (2.1 - 2.6) jeweils nur eine Art von Brennstoff, also entweder ein Festbrennstoff (12) oder ein gasförmiger oder ein flüssiger Brennstoff (8) zum Einsatz kommt. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that per fired level (2.1 - 2.6) only one type of fuel, so either a solid fuel (12) or a gaseous or a liquid fuel (8) is used.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Festbrennstoff (12) gemahlene Kohle, zerkleinerte, nachwachsende Rohstoffe, torrefiziertes Material oder deren Mischungen zum Einsatz kommen. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as solid fuel (12) ground coal, crushed, renewable resources, Torrefiziertes material or mixtures thereof are used.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Festbrennstoff (12) gemeinsam mit einem zu behandelnden Material (4) dem Etagenofen (1) aufgegeben wird und wenigstens ab der ersten befeuerten Etage (2.1) wenigstens teilweise verbrennt. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid fuel (12) together with a material to be treated (4) the deck oven (1) is abandoned and at least from the first fired floor (2.1) burns at least partially.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Festbrennstoff (12) mit einem Heizwert von wenigstens 8 MJ zum Einsatz kommt. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a solid fuel (12) having a calorific value of at least 8 MJ is used.
9. Etagenofen mit mehreren befeuerten Etagen (2.1 - 2.6), wobei zumindest eine der befeuerten Etagen (2.1, 2.6) mit einem Gas- oder einem Flüssigkeitsbrenner (10, 11) ausgerüstet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass außerdem wenigstens eine der befeuerten Etagen (2.2 -9. multi-fired multi-deck oven (2.1 - 2.6), wherein at least one of the fired floors (2.1, 2.6) is equipped with a gas or liquid burner (10, 11), characterized in that in addition at least one of the fired floors (2.2.
2.5) mit wenigstens einem Feststoffbrenner (16 - 19) ausgerüstet ist, wobei wenigstens eine der befeuerten Etagen mit wenigstens einem Feststoffbrenner und wenigstens einem Gas- oder Flüssigkeitsbrenner ausgestattet ist. 2.5) is equipped with at least one solid fuel burner (16 - 19), wherein at least one of the fired floors is equipped with at least one solid fuel burner and at least one gas or liquid burner.
10. Etagenofen nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die oberste und die unterste der befeuerten Etagen mit wenigstens einem Gas- oder einem Flüssigkeitsbrenner ausgerüstet ist. 10. deck oven according to claim 9, characterized in that at least the top and bottom of the fired floors is equipped with at least one gas or a liquid burner.
11. Etagenofen nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teil zwischen der obersten und der untersten befeuerten Etage (2.1, 2.6) vorgesehenen, befeuerten Etagen (2.2 - 2.5) mit wenigstens einem Feststoffbrenner (16a - 16d) ausgerüstet ist. 11. A multiple-hearth furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that at least a part between the uppermost and the lowest fired floor (2.1, 2.6) provided, fired floors (2.2 - 2.5) with at least one solid fuel burner (16a - 16d) is equipped.
12. Etagenofen nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass pro befeuerter Etage (2.1,12. deck oven according to claim 9, characterized in that per fired floor (2.1,
2.6) jeweils nur Feststoffbrenner oder nur Gas- oder Flüssigkeitsbrenner vorgesehen sind. 2.6) only solid fuel burner or only gas or liquid burners are provided.
13. Etagenofen nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Feststoffbrenner (16 - 19) mit einen Mahl- oder Zerkleinerungsaggregat (20) und/oder einem Torrefizierungsaggregat (21) in Verbindung steht. 13. deck oven according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one solid fuel burner (16 - 19) with a grinding or crushing unit (20) and / or a Torrefizierungsaggregat (21) is in communication.
14. Etagenofen nach wenigstens einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 15, 18 oder mehr Etagen, wobei wenigstens 5 Etagen mit wenigstens einem Feststoffbrenner betrieben werden. 14 deck oven according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by 15, 18 or more floors, wherein at least 5 floors are operated with at least one solid fuel burner.
PCT/EP2017/077753 2016-11-02 2017-10-30 Multiple hearth furnace and method for operating a multiple hearth furnace WO2018083059A1 (en)

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DE102016120833.7A DE102016120833A1 (en) 2016-11-02 2016-11-02 Multi-level oven and method for operating a multi-level oven
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