WO2018082346A1 - 一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082346A1
WO2018082346A1 PCT/CN2017/094097 CN2017094097W WO2018082346A1 WO 2018082346 A1 WO2018082346 A1 WO 2018082346A1 CN 2017094097 W CN2017094097 W CN 2017094097W WO 2018082346 A1 WO2018082346 A1 WO 2018082346A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
blade
deformed
deformed blade
peening
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PCT/CN2017/094097
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张永康
杨青天
杨智帆
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广东工业大学
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Publication of WO2018082346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082346A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
    • B23K26/0861—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane in at least in three axial directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser peening correction, in particular to a laser peening correction method and device for a deformed blade.
  • Laser shot peening is a new material forming and strengthening technology.
  • High energy density laser can produce shock wave pressures up to several gigapascals (GPa) on metal surfaces, which not only can deform metal, but also make metal high.
  • the residual compressive stress layer greatly improves the fatigue life of the metal. Compared with mechanical shot peening, the residual compressive stress layer is deeper.
  • the United States applied laser shot peening technology to the reinforcement and remanufacturing of aero-engine blades.
  • the aero-engine blades are manufactured by CNC milling machines. Due to the existence of machining stress deformation, the blades are easily scrapped due to the torsion angle in the manufacturing process; the aero-engine blades are long-term working in high temperature, high pressure and high speed environments, and sometimes It is subject to the impact of foreign objects, both of which are extremely prone to deformation and distortion of the blade.
  • the blade profile is complex, and the deformed thin-walled blade recovers the required profile size extremely difficult.
  • the blade is directly updated with severe deformation or damage, but the new blade has high procurement cost, long procurement cycle and is subject to restrictions; Replacement of deformed thin-walled blades, usually using technical means such as numerically controlled grinding and manual grinding.
  • CNC grinding mainly relies on multi-axis linkage belt grinding machine. This method has high input cost and complicated numerical control program. Although the manual grinding is low in cost and simple in equipment, the technical requirements for the fitter are too high, and the grinding precision is difficult to control, which is easy to cause on the blade. Secondary damage.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a laser peening correction method and device for a deformed blade, which can reduce the calibration time by half and improve the working efficiency by performing double-laser beam from both ends of the calibration path; Pill shape can generate residual compressive stress inside the blade, improve the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of the blade, improve the blade strength; the blade deformation control process is simple and reliable, the cost is low, and it is easy to realize automation, which meets the requirements of precision manufacturing of aviation parts. Particularly suitable for torsion angle super Precision correction of poorly deformed blades.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a laser peening correction method for a deformed blade, including:
  • S2 controlling, according to the laser parameter and the laser calibration path, a laser peening correction operation on the deformed blade to obtain three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after calibrating;
  • the laser system performs a laser peening correction operation on the deformed blade according to the laser parameter and the calibration path, and before acquiring the three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the calibrating, the method further includes:
  • a coating command is sent to the robot according to the laser calibration path such that the robot applies an absorbing layer on the deformed blade and a water constraining layer is applied on the absorbing layer.
  • the calibration amount calculated according to the measured three-dimensional data of the deformed blade is compared with the preset three-dimensional data, and the optimal laser shot peening area of the deformed blade is determined by simulation analysis, and the laser is calculated.
  • the parameters and planning before the laser calibration path are also included:
  • the pre-stored blade design model is obtained from the database, and the measured three-dimensional data of the deformed blade is measured by reverse engineering technology, and compared with the preset three-dimensional data of the pre-stored blade design model, the calibration amount is calculated;
  • the absorbent layer is a water-insoluble black lacquer coating.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser peening correction device for a deformed blade, comprising: a computer, a laser power source, a nanosecond laser, a first servo motor system, a second servo motor system, and a first laser optical path system. , a second laser optical path system, a three-dimensional mobile platform controller and a three-dimensional mobile platform;
  • the nanosecond laser is connected to the computer through the laser power source;
  • One end of the first servo motor system is connected to the computer, the first servo motor system The other end is connected to the first laser optical path system;
  • One end of the second servo motor system is connected to the computer, and the other end of the second servo motor system is connected to the second laser optical path system;
  • One end of the three-dimensional mobile platform controller is connected to the computer, and the other end of the three-dimensional mobile platform controller is connected to the three-dimensional mobile platform;
  • the first laser beam path system and the second laser beam path system are opposite to the three-dimensional moving platform, so that the laser light emitted by the first laser beam path system and the second laser beam path system can simultaneously perform deformation on the deformed blade on the three-dimensional moving platform. Shot peening operation.
  • the laser peening correction device of the deformed blade provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises: a 45° total reflection mirror and a 45° half mirror;
  • the 45° total reflection mirror is opposite to the first laser optical path system, and the 45° half mirror is opposite to the second laser optical path system such that the laser beam emitted by the nanosecond laser passes through a 45° half mirror Divided into two parts of equal energy, respectively entering the first laser optical path system and the second laser optical path system.
  • the first laser optical path system comprises: a first optical fiber and a first convex lens;
  • One end of the first optical fiber is opposite to the 45° total reflection mirror, and the other end of the first optical fiber is opposite to one end of the first convex lens, and the other end of the first convex lens is opposite to the three-dimensional moving platform.
  • the second laser optical path system comprises: a second optical fiber and a second convex lens;
  • One end of the second optical fiber is opposite to the 45° half mirror, the other end of the second optical fiber is opposite to one end of the second convex lens, and the other end of the second convex lens is opposite to the three-dimensional moving platform.
  • the laser peening correction device of the deformed blade provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises: a reverse engineering measuring system and a data collecting system;
  • One end of the data acquisition system is connected to the reverse engineering measurement system, and the other end of the data acquisition system is connected to the computer.
  • the laser peening correction device of the deformed blade provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises: a coating-dedicated robot and a robot controller;
  • One end of the robot controller is connected to the coating-dedicated robot, and the other end of the robot controller is connected to the computer.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a laser peening correction method and device for a deformed blade, wherein the laser peening correction method of the deformed blade comprises: S1: comparing the measured three-dimensional data of the deformed blade with the preset three-dimensional data After the calculated amount of correction, the optimal laser shot peening area of the deformed blade is determined by simulation, and the laser calibration parameter is obtained by calculating the laser parameters and planning; S2: according to the laser parameter and The laser calibration path, the laser system controls the laser system to perform laser peening correction operation on the deformed blade, and obtains three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the sizing; S3: the three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the sizing and the pre-storing Comparing the three-dimensional data of the blade design model to obtain a new calibration amount, if the new calibration amount is not within the allowable error, assigning the value of the new calibration amount to the calibration amount, and executing S1, if The new calibration is within the tolerance and the calibration is over.
  • the double laser beam is used to perform the calibration operation from both ends of the calibration path, which can shorten the calibration time and improve the working efficiency; the laser shot peening can generate residual compressive stress inside the blade to improve the fatigue resistance of the blade.
  • Destructive ability, corrosion resistance, and improved blade strength; blade deformation control process is simple and reliable, low cost, easy to automate, meet the requirements of precision manufacturing of aerospace parts, and is especially suitable for precise calibration of deformed blades with torsion angle tolerance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser shot peening method for a deformed blade according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic flowchart of a laser peening correction method for a deformed blade according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a laser peening correction device for a deformed blade according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the amount of blade correction
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a blade coated absorbent layer and constraining layer
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the thin-walled deformed blade.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a laser peening correction method and device for a deformed blade, which can reduce the calibration time by half and improve the working efficiency by performing double-laser beam from both ends of the calibration path; Pill shape can generate residual compressive stress inside the blade, improve the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of the blade, improve the blade strength; the blade deformation control process is simple and reliable, the cost is low, and it is easy to realize automation, which meets the requirements of precision manufacturing of aviation parts. Particularly suitable for the precise calibration of deformed blades with torsion angle tolerance
  • an embodiment of a laser peening correction method for a deformed blade includes:
  • the optimal laser shot peening area of the deformed blade is determined by simulation analysis, and the laser parameters are calculated and the laser is planned.
  • the computer calculates the optimal shape of the deformed blade based on the measured shape by comparing the measured three-dimensional data of the deformed blade with the preset three-dimensional data, and calculates the laser parameters and plans to obtain the laser calibration. Shape path.
  • control the laser system to perform laser peening correction operation on the deformed blade, and obtain three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the calibrating;
  • the computer controlled laser system performs the laser peening correction operation on the deformed blade to obtain the three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the correction.
  • the computer compares the three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the correction with the three-dimensional data of the pre-stored blade design model to obtain a new calibration amount.
  • the computer determines whether the new calibration amount is within the allowable error. If the new calibration amount is not within the allowable error, step 105 is performed, and step 101 is performed. If the new calibration amount is within the allowable error, the calibration ends.
  • another embodiment of a laser peening correction method for a deformed blade includes:
  • the computer obtains the pre-stored blade design model from the database, measures the measured three-dimensional data of the deformed blade by reverse engineering technology, and compares with the preset three-dimensional data of the pre-stored blade design model to calculate the correction amount.
  • the database contains all or most of the commonly used blade data, including blade photos, models, materials, processing techniques, performance parameters, related dimensions, and dimensional tolerances.
  • the optimal laser shot peening area of the deformed blade is determined by simulation analysis, and the laser parameters and the laser are calculated.
  • the computer calculates the optimal shape of the deformed blade based on the measured shape by comparing the measured three-dimensional data of the deformed blade with the preset three-dimensional data, and calculates the laser parameters and plans to obtain the laser calibration. Shape path.
  • control the laser system to perform laser shot peening operation on the deformed blade, and obtain three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the correction;
  • the computer controlled laser system performs the laser peening correction operation on the deformed blade to obtain the three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the correction.
  • the computer compares the three-dimensional data of the deformed blade after the correction with the three-dimensional data of the pre-stored blade design model to obtain a new calibration amount.
  • the computer determines whether the new calibration amount is within the allowable error. If the new calibration amount is not within the allowable error, step 206 is performed, and step 202 is performed. If the new calibration amount is within the allowable error, the calibration ends.
  • the value of the new calibration amount is given to the calibration amount.
  • the method further comprises: sending a coating instruction to the robot according to the laser calibration path, so that the robot applies an absorption layer on the deformed blade, and applying a water constraining layer on the absorption layer for improving laser shot peening A correction effect in which the absorbent layer is a cohesive, water-insoluble black lacquer coating.
  • a laser peening correction device for a deformed blade includes:
  • the nanosecond laser 3 is connected to the computer 1 through the laser power source 2;
  • One end of the first servo motor system 6 is connected to the computer 1, and the other end of the first servo motor system 6 is connected to the first laser optical path system 9;
  • One end of the second servo motor system 10 is connected to the computer 1, and the other end of the second servo motor system 10 is connected to the second laser optical path system 13;
  • One end of the three-dimensional mobile platform controller 14 is connected to the computer 1, and the other end of the three-dimensional mobile platform controller 14 is connected to the three-dimensional mobile platform 15;
  • the first laser beam path system 9 and the second laser beam path system 13 are opposed to the three-dimensional moving platform 15, so that the laser light emitted from the first laser beam path system 9 and the second laser beam path system 13 can simultaneously perform deformation on the deformed blade on the three-dimensional moving platform 15. Shot peening operation.
  • the three-dimensional moving platform 15 can perform translation and rotation in a three-dimensional space according to an instruction issued by the computer 1, facilitating the operation of the coating-dedicated robot 19 and the laser peening system.
  • the computer 1 simulation software can superimpose the three-dimensional model map before and after the blade deformation, and quickly calculate the correction amount required by the blade, including the position degree and the torsion angle value, and analyze the optimal shape according to the correction amount.
  • the region, the laser parameters are solved, including laser energy density, laser pulse, lap rate, and a calibration route is planned on the three-dimensional map of the deformed blade.
  • the servo motor systems 6, 10 respectively drive the laser beam path systems 9, 13 to translate and rotate in space.
  • the laser energy E is 5 to 20 J, and a circular spot is used.
  • the spot diameter is 1 to 9 mm, and the overlap ratio is 10% to 90%.
  • a laser peening correction device for a deformed blade further includes: a 45° total reflection mirror 4 and a 45° half mirror 5;
  • the 45° total reflection mirror 4 is opposite to the first laser beam path system 9, and the 45° half mirror 5 and the second laser beam path system 13 are opposed to each other, so that the laser beam emitted from the nanosecond laser 3 is divided into equal energy by the 45° half mirror 5.
  • the two parts enter the first laser beam path system 9 and the second laser beam path system 13, respectively.
  • the first laser optical path system 9 includes: a first optical fiber 7 and a first convex lens 8;
  • One end of the first optical fiber 7 is opposite to the 45° total reflection mirror 4, and the other end of the first optical fiber 7 is opposite to one end of the first convex lens 8, and the other end of the first convex lens 8 is opposed to the three-dimensional moving platform 15.
  • the second laser optical path system 13 includes: a second optical fiber 11 and a second convex lens 12;
  • One end of the second optical fiber 11 is opposite to the 45° half mirror 5, the other end of the second optical fiber 11 is opposite to the end of the second convex lens 12, and the other end of the second convex lens 12 is opposed to the three-dimensional moving platform 15.
  • a laser peening correction device for a deformed blade further includes: a reverse engineering measurement system 17 and a data acquisition system 18;
  • One end of the data acquisition system 18 is coupled to the reverse engineering measurement system 17, and the other end of the data acquisition system 18 is coupled to the computer 1.
  • the reverse engineering technique consists of a reverse engineering measurement system 17 and a data acquisition system 18 that can transmit three-dimensional data of the blades to the computer 1 from time to time.
  • a laser peening correction device for a deformed blade further includes: a coating-dedicated robot 19 and a robot controller 20;
  • One end of the robot controller 20 is connected to the coating-dedicated robot 19, and the robot controller 20 is another.
  • the terminal is connected to the computer 1.
  • the coating-dedicated robot 19 can quickly perform the work of coating the absorbing layer and the constraining layer, and the coating thickness is uniform.
  • the thin-walled deformed blade 16 is mounted on the three-dimensional moving platform 15;
  • the computer 1 analyzes the optimal calibration area according to the shape of the calibration, and solves the laser parameters, including the laser energy density, the laser pulse, the lap rate, and simultaneously calculates the laser calibration route, and then the computer 1 controls the three-dimensional mobile platform.
  • the device 14 issues an instruction to control the translation and rotation of the three-dimensional moving platform 15, adjust the position of the blade 16, and facilitate the coating-specific robot 19 to apply the absorbing layer 22 and the constraining layer 21 and the laser peening correction work;
  • the computer system 1 issues an instruction to the robot controller 20, and the robot controller 20 controls the coating-dedicated robot 19 to first apply the absorbing layer 22 along the calibration path, the absorbing layer being a cohesive, water-insoluble black lacquer coating. And then coating a constraining layer 21 on the absorbing layer 22, the constraining layer 21 being a water constraining layer;
  • the laser system is set, and the input laser energy density value is twice the value of the computer system 1, so as to meet the energy of the subsequent two lasers to reach the required energy value, nanosecond
  • the laser beam emitted from the laser 3 is first divided into two laser beams which are incident on the half of the energy of the laser beam via a 45° half mirror 5, and a beam passes through the 45° total reflection mirror 4 into the first laser beam path system 9, a bundle.
  • the laser beam path systems 9, 13 are respectively controlled and driven by the servo motor systems 6, 10, so that the lasers derived from the two laser beam path systems can follow the two of the calibration routes At the same time, the calibration work is performed in the middle;
  • step 2) is repeated, and it is detected whether the correction amount is within the error tolerance range. If the tolerance is outside the range, proceed to step 3) , 4), 5), 6), if within the error tolerance, the calibration work ends.

Abstract

一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法，根据计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，得到激光参数和激光校形路径，控制激光系统对变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据，将校形后变形叶片的三维数据与预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量，若新校形量不在允许误差内，将新校形量的值赋予校形量，若新校形量在允许误差范围内，则校形结束；一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，包括计算机（1）、激光器电源（2）、纳秒激光器（3）、第一伺服电机系统（6）、第二伺服电机系统（10）、第一激光光路系统（9）、第二激光光路系统（13）、三维移动平台控制器（14）和三维移动平台（15）；激光喷丸校形能够在叶片内部产生残余压应力，改善叶片抗疲劳破坏能力、抗腐蚀能力，提高叶片强度，叶片变形控制工艺简单可靠，成本低，易于实现自动化。

Description

一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及激光喷丸校形领域，尤其涉及一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置。
背景技术
激光喷丸技术是一种新型的材料成形和强化技术，高能量密度的激光作用在金属表面上可产生高达数吉帕(GPa)的冲击波压力，不仅可以使金属变形，更可以使金属获得高幅残余压应力层，大大提高金属的疲劳寿命，与机械喷丸相比，其残余压应力层更深，21世纪初，美国将激光喷丸技术应用在航空发动机叶片的强化和再制造上。
目前的航空发动机叶片大多采用数控铣床来制造，由于加工应力变形存在，叶片在制造过程中容易因扭转角超差而导致报废；航空发动机叶片长期工作在高温、高压和高速的环境下，有时还会受到外来物体的撞击，这两个因素都极容易使叶片发生变形和扭曲。叶片型面复杂，变形了的薄壁叶片恢复其要求的型面尺寸极其困难，严重变形或损坏的直接更新叶片，但是新品叶片的采购成本高，采购周期长，易受限制；对于未达到需要更换的变形薄壁叶片，通常采用的技术手段有数控打磨和手工打磨。数控打磨主要依靠多轴联动砂带磨床，该方法设备投入成本高，数控程序编写复杂；手工打磨虽然成本低，设备简单，但对钳工技术要求太高，且打磨精度不易控制，容易对叶片造成二次损伤。
因此，提出一种利用激光喷丸诱导的力效应对变形的薄壁叶片进行校形的方法与装置是本领域技术人员需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置，通过双激光束从校形路径的两端进行校形工作，能够缩短一半的校形时间，提高工作效率；激光喷丸校形能够在叶片内部产生残余压应力，改善叶片抗疲劳破坏能力、抗腐蚀能力，提高叶片强度；叶片变形控制工艺简单可靠，成本较低，易于实现自动化，符合航空零件精密制造的要求，特别适合于扭转角超 差的变形叶片的精密校形。
本发明实施例提供了一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法，包括：
S1：根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定所述变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径；
S2：根据所述激光参数和所述激光校形路径，控制激光系统对所述变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据；
S3：将所述校形后变形叶片的三维数据与所述预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量，若所述新校形量不在允许误差内，将所述新校形量的值赋予所述校形量，并执行S1，若所述新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束。
优选地，所述根据所述激光参数和所述校形路径，控制激光系统对所述变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据之前还包括：
根据所述激光校形路径发送涂覆指令给机器人，使得机器人在所述变形叶片上涂覆吸收层，且在所述吸收层上施加水约束层。
优选地，所述根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定所述变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径之前还包括：
从数据库中获取预存叶片设计模型，通过逆向工程技术测量变形叶片的测量三维数据，与所述预存叶片设计模型的预置三维数据对比，计算得到校形量；
优选地，所述吸收层为非水溶性的黑漆涂层。
优选地，本发明实施例还提供了一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，包括：计算机、激光器电源、纳秒激光器、第一伺服电机系统、第二伺服电机系统、第一激光光路系统、第二激光光路系统、三维移动平台控制器和三维移动平台；
所述纳秒激光器通过所述激光器电源和所述计算机连接；
所述第一伺服电机系统一端和所述计算机连接，所述第一伺服电机系统 另一端和所述第一激光光路系统连接；
所述第二伺服电机系统一端和所述计算机连接，所述第二伺服电机系统另一端和所述第二激光光路系统连接；
所述三维移动平台控制器一端和所述计算机连接，所述三维移动平台控制器另一端和所述三维移动平台连接；
所述第一激光光路系统和所述第二激光光路系统与所述三维移动平台相对，使得第一激光光路系统和第二激光光路系统射出的激光能对同时向三维移动平台上的变形叶片进行喷丸校形操作。
优选地，本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置还包括：45°全反射镜和45°半反射镜；
所述45°全反射镜和所述第一激光光路系统相对，所述45°半反射镜和所述第二激光光路系统相对，使得所述纳秒激光器射出的激光光束经过45°半反射镜分成能量均等的两部分，分别进入第一激光光路系统和第二激光光路系统。
优选地，所述第一激光光路系统包括：第一光纤和第一凸透镜；
所述第一光纤一端和所述45°全反射镜相对，所述第一光纤另一端和所述第一凸透镜一端相对，所述第一凸透镜另一端和所述三维移动平台相对。
优选地，所述第二激光光路系统包括：第二光纤和第二凸透镜；
所述第二光纤一端和所述45°半反射镜相对，所述第二光纤另一端和所述第二凸透镜一端相对，所述第二凸透镜另一端和所述三维移动平台相对。
优选地，本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置还包括：逆向工程测量系统和数据采集系统；
所述数据采集系统一端和所述逆向工程测量系统连接，所述数据采集系统另一端和所述计算机连接。
优选地，本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置还包括：涂层专用机器人和机器人控制器；
所述机器人控制器一端和所述涂层专用机器人连接，所述机器人控制器另一端和所述计算机连接。
从以上技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例具有以下优点：
本发明实施例提供了一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置，其中，该变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法包括：S1：根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析出确定所述变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并通过进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径；S2：根据所述激光参数和所述激光校形路径，控制激光系统对所述变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据；S3：将所述校形后变形叶片的三维数据与所述预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量，若所述新校形量不在允许误差内，将所述新校形量的值赋予所述校形量，并执行S1，若所述新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束。本发明实施例通过双激光束从校形路径的两端进行校形工作，能够缩短一半的校形时间，提高工作效率；激光喷丸校形能够在叶片内部产生残余压应力，改善叶片抗疲劳破坏能力、抗腐蚀能力，提高叶片强度；叶片变形控制工艺简单可靠，成本较低，易于实现自动化，符合航空零件精密制造的要求，特别适合于扭转角超差的变形叶片的精密校形。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法的另一流程示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置的结构示意图；
图4为叶片校形量示意图；
图5为叶片涂覆的吸收层和约束层示意图；
图6为薄壁变形叶片校形示意图。
其中，图中标记如下所述：
1.计算机 2.激光器电源 3.纳秒激光器 4. 45°全反射镜 5. 45°半反射镜 6.第一伺服电机系统 7.第一光纤 8.第一凸透镜 9.第一激光光路系统 10.第二伺服电机系统 11.第二光纤 12.第二凸透镜 13.第二激光光路系统 14.三维移动平台控制器 15.三维移动平台 16.变形叶片17.逆向工程测量系统 18.数据采集系统 19.涂层专用机器人 20.机器人控制器 21.水约束层 22.吸收层 23.扭转角 24.叶尖位移 25.叶尖 26.叶面 27.叶根 28.榫齿
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置，通过双激光束从校形路径的两端进行校形工作，能够缩短一半的校形时间，提高工作效率；激光喷丸校形能够在叶片内部产生残余压应力，改善叶片抗疲劳破坏能力、抗腐蚀能力，提高叶片强度；叶片变形控制工艺简单可靠，成本较低，易于实现自动化，符合航空零件精密制造的要求，特别适合于扭转角超差的变形叶片的精密校形
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法的一个实施例，包括：
101、根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径；
计算机根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径。
102、根据激光参数和激光校形路径，控制激光系统对变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据；
根据激光参数和激光校形路径，计算机控制激光系统对变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据
103、将校形后变形叶片的三维数据与预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量；
计算机将校形后变形叶片的三维数据与预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量。
104、新校形量是否在允许误差内，若新校形量不在允许误差内，则执行105，再执行101，若新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束；
计算机判断新校形量是否在允许误差内，若新校形量不在允许误差内，则执行步骤105，再执行步骤101，若新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束。
105、将新校形量的值赋予校形量。
请参阅图2，本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法的另一实施例，包括：
201、从数据库中获取预存叶片设计模型，通过逆向工程技术测量变形叶片的测量三维数据，与所述预存叶片设计模型的预置三维数据对比，计算得到校形量；
计算机从数据库中获取预存叶片设计模型，通过逆向工程技术测量变形叶片的测量三维数据，与所述预存叶片设计模型的预置三维数据对比，计算得到校形量。
数据库包含现有全部或大部分常用的叶片数据，包括叶片照片、型号、材质、加工工艺、性能参数、相关尺寸、尺寸公差。
202、根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径；
计算机根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径。
203、根据激光参数和激光校形路径，控制激光系统对变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据；
根据激光参数和激光校形路径，计算机控制激光系统对变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据
204、将校形后变形叶片的三维数据与预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量；
计算机将校形后变形叶片的三维数据与预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量。
205、新校形量是否在允许误差内，若新校形量不在允许误差内，则执行206，再执行202，若新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束；
计算机判断新校形量是否在允许误差内，若新校形量不在允许误差内，则执行步骤206，再执行步骤202，若新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束。
206、将新校形量的值赋予校形量。
在本实施例中，步骤203之前还包括根据激光校形路径发送涂覆指令给机器人，使得机器人在变形叶片上涂覆吸收层，且在吸收层上施加水约束层，用于提高激光喷丸校形效果，其中，吸收层为粘结性的非水溶性的黑漆涂层。
请参阅图3，本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，包括：
计算机1、激光器电源2、纳秒激光器3、第一伺服电机系统6、第二伺服电机系统10、第一激光光路系统9、第二激光光路系统13、三维移动平台控制器14和三维移动平台15；
纳秒激光器3通过激光器电源2和计算机1连接；
第一伺服电机系统6一端和计算机1连接，第一伺服电机系统6另一端和第一激光光路系统9连接；
第二伺服电机系统10一端和计算机1连接，第二伺服电机系统10另一端和第二激光光路系统13连接；
三维移动平台控制器14一端和计算机1连接，三维移动平台控制器14另一端和三维移动平台15连接；
第一激光光路系统9和第二激光光路系统13与三维移动平台15相对，使得第一激光光路系统9和第二激光光路系统13射出的激光能对同时向三维移动平台15上的变形叶片进行喷丸校形操作。
在本实施例中，三维移动平台15能够根据计算机1发出的指令在三维空间进行平动和转动，便于涂层专用机器人19和激光喷丸系统进行工作。
计算机1模拟仿真软件能够将叶片变形前后的三维模型图进行叠加对照处理，快速计算出叶片所需的校形量，包括位置度和扭转角的值，并根据校形量分析出最优校形区域，求解激光参数，包括激光能量密度、激光脉冲、搭接率，且在变形叶片的三维图上规划出校形路线。
伺服电机系统6、10分别驱动激光光路系统9、13在空间中平动与转动。
激光能量E在5～20J，采用圆形光斑，光斑直径为1～9mm，搭接率为10％～90％。
本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置还包括：45°全反射镜4和45°半反射镜5；
45°全反射镜4和第一激光光路系统9相对，45°半反射镜5和第二激光光路系统13相对，使得纳秒激光器3射出的激光光束经过45°半反射镜5分成能量均等的两部分，分别进入第一激光光路系统9和第二激光光路系统13。
第一激光光路系统9包括：第一光纤7和第一凸透镜8；
第一光纤7一端和45°全反射镜4相对，第一光纤7另一端和第一凸透镜8一端相对，第一凸透镜8另一端和三维移动平台15相对。
第二激光光路系统13包括：第二光纤11和第二凸透镜12；
第二光纤11一端和45°半反射镜5相对，第二光纤11另一端和第二凸透镜12一端相对，第二凸透镜12另一端和三维移动平台15相对。
本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置还包括：逆向工程测量系统17和数据采集系统18；
数据采集系统18一端和逆向工程测量系统17连接，数据采集系统18另一端和计算机1连接。
在本实施例中，逆向工程技术由逆向工程测量系统17和数据采集系统18组成，能够时时将叶片的三维数据传送至计算机1。
本发明实施例提供的一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置还包括：涂层专用机器人19和机器人控制器20；
机器人控制器20一端和涂层专用机器人19连接，机器人控制器20另一 端和计算机1连接。
在本实施例中，涂层专用机器人19能够快速的完成涂覆吸收层和约束层的工作，且涂层厚度均匀。
上面是对一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法及装置的具体说明，为便于理解，下面将以一具体应用场景对一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置的应用进行说明，请参阅图3至图6，应用例包括：
1)首先将薄壁变形叶片16装卡在三维移动平台15上；
2)利用逆向工程测量系统17测定叶片16三维数据，并通过数据采集系统(8传送至计算机1，计算机1利用计算机模拟仿真软件将接收到的叶片16三维数据与叶片16同类型叶片的原始三维数据进行比照，计算出叶片16的校形量；
3)计算机1根据校形量分析出最优校形区域，求解出激光参数，包括激光能量密度、激光脉冲、搭接率，且同时推算出激光校形路线，然后计算机1向三维移动平台控制器14发出指令，控制三维移动平台15的平移与转动，调整叶片16的位置，便于涂层专用机器人19涂覆吸收层22和约束层21以及激光喷丸校形工作；
4)计算机系统1向机器人控制器20发出指令，机器人控制器20控制涂层专用机器人19沿着校形路线首先涂覆吸收层22，吸收层为粘结性的非水溶性的黑漆涂层，然后在吸收层22上涂覆约束层21，约束层21为水约束层；
5)根据计算机系统1求得的激光参数设定激光系统，注意输入的激光能量密度值为计算机系统1所求值的2倍，以满足后续两束激光的能量达到所需能量值，纳秒激光器3射出的激光束首先经由45°半反射镜5分为两束能量均为射入激光束能量一半的激光束，一束经过45°全反射镜4进入第一激光光路系统9，一束穿过45°半反射镜5进入第二激光光路系统13，激光光路系统9、13分别由伺服电机系统6、10控制驱动，使得两个激光光路系统导出的激光能够沿着校形路线的两端同时向中间进行校形工作；
6)当两束激光在校形路线中间接触时即完成校形工作，然后重复步骤2)，并检测校形量是否在误差允许范围内，若在误差允许范围外，则继续进行步骤3)、4)、5)、6)，若在误差允许范围内，则校形工作结束。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法，其特征在于，包括：
    S1：根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定所述变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径；
    S2：根据所述激光参数和所述激光校形路径，控制激光系统对所述变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据；
    S3：将所述校形后变形叶片的三维数据与所述预存叶片设计模型的三维数据进行对比，得到新校形量，若所述新校形量不在允许误差内，将所述新校形量的值赋予所述校形量，并执行S1，若所述新校形量在允许误差内，则校形结束。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述激光参数和所述校形路径，控制激光系统对所述变形叶片进行激光喷丸校形操作，获取校形后变形叶片的三维数据之前还包括：
    根据所述激光校形路径发送涂覆指令给机器人，使得机器人在所述变形叶片上涂覆吸收层，且在所述吸收层上施加水约束层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法，其特征在于，所述根据测量变形叶片的测量三维数据与预置三维数据对比后计算得到的校形量，通过仿真分析确定所述变形叶片的最优激光喷丸校形区域，并进行计算得到激光参数和规划得到激光校形路径之前还包括：
    从数据库中获取预存叶片设计模型，通过逆向工程技术测量变形叶片的测量三维数据，与所述预存叶片设计模型的预置三维数据对比，计算得到校形量；
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形方法，其特征在于，所述吸收层为非水溶性的黑漆涂层。
  5. 一种变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，其特征在于，包括：计算机、激光器电源、纳秒激光器、第一伺服电机系统、第二伺服电机系统、第一激光光路系统、第二激光光路系统、三维移动平台控制器和三维移动平台；
    所述纳秒激光器通过所述激光器电源和所述计算机连接；
    所述第一伺服电机系统一端和所述计算机连接，所述第一伺服电机系统 另一端和所述第一激光光路系统连接；
    所述第二伺服电机系统一端和所述计算机连接，所述第二伺服电机系统另一端和所述第二激光光路系统连接；
    所述三维移动平台控制器一端和所述计算机连接，所述三维移动平台控制器另一端和所述三维移动平台连接；
    所述第一激光光路系统和所述第二激光光路系统与所述三维移动平台相对，使得第一激光光路系统和第二激光光路系统射出的激光能对同时向三维移动平台上的变形叶片进行喷丸校形操作。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，其特征在于，还包括：45°全反射镜和45°半反射镜；
    所述45°全反射镜和所述第一激光光路系统相对，所述45°半反射镜和所述第二激光光路系统相对，使得所述纳秒激光器射出的激光光束经过45°半反射镜分成能量均等的两部分，分别进入第一激光光路系统和第二激光光路系统。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，其特征在于，所述第一激光光路系统包括：第一光纤和第一凸透镜；
    所述第一光纤一端和所述45°全反射镜相对，所述第一光纤另一端和所述第一凸透镜一端相对，所述第一凸透镜另一端和所述三维移动平台相对。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，其特征在于，所述第二激光光路系统包括：第二光纤和第二凸透镜；
    所述第二光纤一端和所述45°半反射镜相对，所述第二光纤另一端和所述第二凸透镜一端相对，所述第二凸透镜另一端和所述三维移动平台相对。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，其特征在于，还包括：逆向工程测量系统和数据采集系统；
    所述数据采集系统一端和所述逆向工程测量系统连接，所述数据采集系统另一端和所述计算机连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变形叶片的激光喷丸校形装置，其特征在于，还包括：涂层专用机器人和机器人控制器；
    所述机器人控制器一端和所述涂层专用机器人连接，所述机器人控制器 另一端和所述计算机连接。
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