WO2018082129A1 - 一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法 - Google Patents

一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法 Download PDF

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WO2018082129A1
WO2018082129A1 PCT/CN2016/106706 CN2016106706W WO2018082129A1 WO 2018082129 A1 WO2018082129 A1 WO 2018082129A1 CN 2016106706 W CN2016106706 W CN 2016106706W WO 2018082129 A1 WO2018082129 A1 WO 2018082129A1
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sprinkler
translational
instantaneous
translational sprinkler
calculating
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PCT/CN2016/106706
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French (fr)
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朱兴业
袁寿其
刘俊萍
田坤
万景红
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江苏大学
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Priority to US16/344,690 priority Critical patent/US11504730B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/004—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/084—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material already sprayed on the target, e.g. coating thickness, weight or pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a calculation method of performance parameters of a translational sprinkler in the field of agricultural irrigation technology, in particular to a calculation method of instantaneous sprinkling intensity.
  • the translational sprinkler is a typical sprinkler irrigation equipment, which is widely used in agricultural water-saving irrigation in China.
  • the running speed of the translational sprinkler directly affects the amount of water sprayed per unit area. The slower the running speed, the more spray water per unit area. On the contrary, the faster the running speed, the less the spray water per unit area. Therefore, the speed control strategy of the translational sprinkler is the key to ensure its effective operation.
  • the relationship between the instantaneous sprinkler irrigation intensity of the translational sprinkler and the infiltration capacity of the farmland soil is the key factor determining whether or not the runoff is generated.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a calculation method of instantaneous sprinkling intensity to overcome the problem of infiltration of soil in farmland and translational sprinkler irrigation unit when researching the problem of control strategy of translating sprinkler operation speed.
  • the understanding and mastery of the relationship between instantaneous sprinkler intensity can not solve such problems in a targeted manner.
  • the present invention provides a method for calculating the instantaneous sprinkling intensity, comprising the following steps:
  • the water distribution of the hypothetical translational sprinkler is elliptical, triangular, and parabolic.
  • the rain gauge (3) and the translational sprinkler are at a distance greater than the range R of the spray head on the translating sprinkler.
  • the number b of the rain gauge cylinders is greater than or equal to one.
  • the number n of repeated tests is greater than or equal to one.
  • the calculation method of the instantaneous sprinkling intensity according to the invention is simple and fast, and can obtain more accurate calculation results at a lower experimental cost, thereby providing a direction and basis for the subsequent research on the optimization of the running speed of the translational sprinkler.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for receiving a sprayed water amount by a rain gauge of a translating sprinkler according to the present invention.
  • the translating sprinkler 1 is selected as the test prototype.
  • the range R of the sprinkler 2 on the translating sprinkler 1 is 3.5 m, and the diameter of the spout is arranged at a distance of 4 m from the translating sprinkler a.
  • the working pressure of the nozzle 2 on the translating sprinkler 1 is set to 70 kPa, so that the nozzle 2 is kept in a stable working state. After the nozzle 2 was stably operated for 20 minutes, the translational sprinkler 1 was started and the measurement test data was measured.
  • n in the function relation is 1.4min
  • the instantaneous sprinkling intensity h t of the translational sprinkler 1 is 5.23 mm/h, 5.45 mm/h and 4.93 mm/h, respectively.

Abstract

一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，包括：保证平移式喷灌机（1）保持在稳定工作的状态，在距离平移式喷灌机（1）a米处布置有雨量筒（3）b个，运行平移式喷灌机（1）得到测量数据；计算出运行时间、雨量筒（3）接收到的平均喷洒水深；假定平移式喷灌机（1）的水量分布的形状，建立出瞬时喷灌强度h t与运行时间t之间的函数关系式，计算出函数关系式中的变量值；将平移式喷灌机（1）瞬时运行时刻t的具体数值代入建立的函数关系式中，得到的h t即为平移式喷灌机（1）瞬时喷灌强度的数值。计算方法操作简单、快捷，能够以较低的实验成本获得较精确的计算结果。

Description

一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业灌溉技术领域中的平移式喷灌机性能参数的计算方法，尤其是一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法。
背景技术
平移式喷灌机是一种典型的喷灌装备，广泛应用于我国的农业节水灌溉中。平移式喷灌机的运行速度直接影响到它在单位面积内的喷洒水量，运行速度越慢则单位面积内的喷洒水量越多，反之运行速度越快则单位面积内的喷洒水量就会越少，因此，平移式喷灌机速度控制策略是保证其有效运行的关键。
在平移式喷灌机应用于农田灌溉时，平移式喷灌机的瞬时喷灌强度与农田土壤的入渗能力之间的关系是决定是否产生径流的关键因素。目前现有研究中尚没有一种有效计算瞬时喷灌强度的方法，若在某些特殊情况平移式喷灌机应用于农田灌溉下造成地表径流时，就不能直接分析其是否是由于农田土壤的入渗能力与平移式喷灌机组瞬时喷灌强度不匹配的原因所引起，从而无法对此类研究问题进行有针对性的解决。因此，研究出一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，以克服在对平移式喷灌机运行速度控制策略等问题进行研究时，缺乏对农田中土壤的入渗能力与平移式喷灌机组瞬时喷灌强度之间关系的了解和掌握而无法对此类问题进行有针对性的解决。
基于上述目的，本发明提供了一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，包括下列步骤：
(a)在距离平移式喷灌机a米处布置接水口直径为D的雨量筒b个，用于测量平移式喷灌机的喷洒水量；
(b)设定平移式喷灌机的工作压力，使平移式喷灌机保持在稳定工作的状态，设定平移式喷灌机的运行速度s，开始运行平移式喷灌机，直至雨量筒接不到平移式喷灌机的喷洒水量，停止运行平移式喷灌机；测量出每个雨量筒所接收到的喷洒水量ci(i＝1….b)，在相同的运行速度下重复试验次数n，计算出每个雨量筒所接收到的平均喷洒水量di＝ci/n(i＝1….b)；
(c)计算出雨量筒接到平移式喷灌机喷洒水量的运行时间：t＝2R/s；计算出雨量筒接收到的平均喷洒水量：
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000001
计算出雨量筒接收到的平均喷洒水深：H＝4V/πD2；
(d)假定平移式喷灌机的水量分布形状，根据该假定形状的数学特征，建立出平移式喷 灌机瞬时喷灌强度ht与运行时间t之间的函数关系式：ht＝k f(t)，其中k为解析式f(t)中所有变量的总称，f(t)为自变量t的解析式；根据该假定形状的数学特征，由步骤(c)中所计算得到的运行时间t的数值和平均喷洒水深H的数值，计算出函数关系式ht＝k f(t)中的变量k；
(e)将平移式喷灌机瞬时运行时刻t的具体数值代入到步骤(d)中建立的函数关系式ht＝kf(t)中，得到的ht即为平移式喷灌机瞬时喷灌强度的数值。
进一步地，所述假定平移式喷灌机的水量分布形状为椭圆形、三角形、抛物线形。
进一步地，在设定平移式喷灌机稳定工作10分钟之后再开始测量每个雨量筒所接收到的喷洒水量ci(i＝1….b)。
进一步地，所述雨量筒(3)与平移式喷灌机距离a米大于平移式喷灌机上喷头的射程R。
进一步地，所述雨量筒的个数b为大于或等于1个。
进一步地，所述重复试验次数n为大于或等于1次。
本发明所述的瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，操作简单、快捷，能够以较低的实验成本获得较精确的计算结果，从而为后续研究平移式喷灌机运行速度的优化提供了方向和依据。
附图说明
图1为本发明中平移式喷灌机的雨量筒接收喷洒水量的装置示意图。
图中：
1.平移式喷灌机，2.喷头，3.雨量筒。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，首先，选取了平移式喷灌机1作为试验样机，平移式喷灌机1上喷头2的射程R为3.5米，在距离平移式喷灌机a为4米处布置有接水口直径D为0.2米的雨量筒b为9个，用于测量平移式喷灌机的喷洒水量。设定平移式喷灌机1上喷头2的工作压力为70kPa，使喷头2保持在稳定工作的状态。在喷头2稳定工作了20分钟之后开始运行平移式喷灌机1并测量采集试验数据。
设定平移式喷灌机1的运行速度s为2.5m/min，开始运行平移式喷灌机1，直至雨量筒3接不到平移式喷灌机1的喷洒水量ci(i＝1….6)，停止运行平移式喷灌机1。测量出每个雨量筒3所接收到的喷洒水量，在相同的运行速度下重复试验次数n为3次，计算出每个雨量筒3所接收到的平均喷洒水量di＝ci/n(i＝1….6)，如表1所示。
表1 每个雨量筒所接收到的平均喷洒水量
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000002
计算出雨量筒3接到平移式喷灌机1喷洒水量的运行时间为：
t＝2R/s＝2×3.5/2.5＝2.8min。
计算出雨量筒接收到的平均喷洒水量：
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000003
计算出雨量筒接收到的平均喷洒水深：
H＝4V/πD2＝4×63.0/(3.14×(0.2×100)2)＝0.20mm。
假定平移式喷灌机1的水量分布为椭圆形，根据该假定形状的数学特征，建立出瞬时喷灌强度ht与运行时间t之间的函数关系式，
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000004
其中m的数学意义为该假定椭圆的纵半轴，物理意义为最大的瞬时喷灌强度，n的数学意义为该假定椭圆的横半轴，物理意义为总运行时间的一半。
根据计算出的t＝2.8min可知函数关系式中的n为1.4min，根据计算得到的平均喷洒水深值H＝0.2mm即为函数关系式中上半个椭圆的面积值，
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000005
即：
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000006
可以计算出：m＝0.091mm/min＝5.46mm/h。则该椭圆形的函数关系式为，
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000007
接着，将平移式喷灌机瞬时运行时刻t的具体数值，例如：t＝1min，1.5min和2min代入到所建立的函数关系式
Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-000008
中，得到平移式喷灌机1瞬时喷灌强度ht的数值分别为：5.23mm/h，5.45mm/h和4.93mm/h。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，包括下列步骤：
    (a)在距离平移式喷灌机(1)a米处布置接水口直径为D的雨量筒(3)b个，用于测量平移式喷灌机(1)的喷洒水量；
    (b)设定平移式喷灌机(1)的工作压力，使平移式喷灌机(1)保持在稳定工作的状态，设定平移式喷灌机(1)的运行速度s，开始运行平移式喷灌机(1)，直至雨量筒(3)接不到平移式喷灌机(1)的喷洒水量，停止运行平移式喷灌机(1)；测量出每个雨量筒(3)所接收到的喷洒水量ci(i＝1….b)，在相同的运行速度下重复试验次数n，计算出每个雨量筒所接收到的平均喷洒水量di＝ci/n(i＝1….b)；
    (c)计算出雨量筒(3)接到平移式喷灌机(1)喷洒水量的运行时间：t＝2R/s；计算出雨量筒(3)接收到的平均喷洒水量：
    Figure PCTCN2016106706-appb-100001
    计算出雨量筒(3)接收到的平均喷洒水深：H＝4V/πD2；
    (d)假定平移式喷灌机(1)的水量分布形状，根据该假定形状的数学特征，建立出平移式喷灌机(1)瞬时喷灌强度ht与运行时间t之间的函数关系式：ht＝k f(t)，其中k为解析式f(t)中所有变量的总称，f(t)为自变量t的解析式；根据该假定形状的数学特征，由步骤(c)中所计算得到的运行时间t的数值和平均喷洒水深H的数值，计算出函数关系式ht＝k f(t)中的变量k；
    (e)将平移式喷灌机(1)瞬时运行时刻t的具体数值代入到步骤(d)中建立的函数关系式ht＝kf(t)中，得到的ht即为平移式喷灌机(1)瞬时喷灌强度的数值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，其特征在于：所述假定平移式喷灌机(1)的水量分布形状为椭圆形、三角形、抛物线形。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，其特征在于：在设定平移式喷灌机(1)稳定工作10分钟之后再开始测量每个雨量筒(3)所接收到的喷洒水量ci(i＝1….b)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，其特征在于：所述雨量筒(3)与平移式喷灌机距离a米大于平移式喷灌机上喷头的射程R。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，其特征在于：所述雨量筒的个数b为大于或等于1个。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法，其特征在于：所述重复试验次数n为大于或等于1次。
PCT/CN2016/106706 2016-11-01 2016-11-22 一种瞬时喷灌强度的计算方法 WO2018082129A1 (zh)

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