WO2018076488A1 - 餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法 - Google Patents

餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018076488A1
WO2018076488A1 PCT/CN2016/109939 CN2016109939W WO2018076488A1 WO 2018076488 A1 WO2018076488 A1 WO 2018076488A1 CN 2016109939 W CN2016109939 W CN 2016109939W WO 2018076488 A1 WO2018076488 A1 WO 2018076488A1
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kitchen waste
fermentation
parts
fermented
mixture
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PCT/CN2016/109939
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘军
苏全
马春平
杜晔
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广州博善生物科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018076488A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018076488A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/018—Animal meals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste disposal, in particular to a method for in situ treatment of kitchen waste.
  • kitchen waste is not handled in time, it is extremely harmful. Because kitchen waste contains high organic matter and moisture, it is extremely perishable and deteriorates, resulting in pungent odor, polluting the environment and affecting the city's appearance, which is not conducive to the health of residents. Especially in the summer, the higher the ambient temperature, the faster the decay of the kitchen waste. At this time, it is easy to produce a large amount of percolating water and malodorous gas, which breeds mosquitoes and has a bad influence on environmental sanitation. Especially in the process of decay and deterioration of kitchen waste, it is extremely easy to breed a large number of bacteria and pathogens. If not handled properly, it will cause a series of environmental and social problems.
  • a method for in-situ treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the fermented product is subjected to a beating and drying operation to obtain a processed product.
  • the fermenting microorganism comprises at least one of a yeast, a bacillus, and a lactic acid bacterium.
  • the fermenting microorganism is a yeast.
  • the aerobic fermentation operation and the anaerobic fermentation operation are sequentially performed using a combined fermentation tank.
  • the fermenting material is subjected to the beating operation using a beater.
  • the drying operation is performed using a drum drying device.
  • the anaerobic fermentation operation is carried out at a temperature of from 25 ° C to 35 ° C.
  • the anaerobic fermentation operation is from 36 hours to 48 hours.
  • a biological fertilizer prepared by the in situ treatment of any of the aforementioned kitchen wastes.
  • the in-situ treatment method of the above-mentioned kitchen waste adopts the following steps: collecting kitchen waste; adding fermenting microorganisms to the kitchen waste and mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; and sequentially performing aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation of the mixture to be fermented Fermentation operation, obtaining a fermented product; performing the beating and drying operation on the fermented product to obtain a processed product that can be directly used for feeding the animal, capable of treating the kitchen waste generated in the living of the resident in situ, and the treatment process is more environmentally friendly, It can improve the utilization rate of effective nutrients for kitchen waste, recycle and turn waste into treasure.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of a method for in-situ processing of kitchen waste according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a combined fermenter according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another angle structure of a combined fermenter according to an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • a method for in-situ treatment of kitchen waste includes the steps of: collecting kitchen waste in situ; adding fermenting microorganisms to the kitchen waste and mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; The fermentation mixture is sequentially subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation operation to obtain a fermented product; the fermented product is subjected to a beating and drying operation to obtain a processed product.
  • an in-situ processing method for kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the treatment efficiency can be effectively improved.
  • the kitchen waste comes from kitchen waste collected from homes, cafeterias, and restaurants.
  • the kitchen waste includes organic kitchen waste such as vegetables, peels, meat, bones, rice, flour, and leftovers; for example, after collecting the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is also filtered. The residue is treated, and the solid residue is retained for subsequent treatment.
  • organic kitchen waste such as vegetables, peels, meat, bones, rice, flour, and leftovers
  • the processing operation of the kitchen waste can be made more environmentally friendly and efficient. , effectively avoiding the resource wave after the kitchen waste is naturally spoiled Fee problem.
  • fermenting microorganisms can be added to the kitchen waste in situ and mixed to obtain a mixture to be fermented.
  • the mixing operation is a stirring mixing operation, so that the fermenting microorganism can be mixed with the kitchen waste more fully, so that the time during which the fermenting microorganism becomes a dominant flora in the kitchen waste can be shortened. Further, the processing time of the kitchen waste is further shortened, which is advantageous for improving the treatment efficiency, and further, the growth of harmful bacteria groups can be suppressed to a certain extent, and the nutrient utilization rate of the mixture to be fermented is improved.
  • the fermenting microorganism includes at least one of a yeast, a bacillus, and a lactic acid bacterium.
  • the fermenting microorganism is a yeast, that is, the fermenting microorganism has and only the yeast, and thus, it is more advantageous to carry out aerobic-anaerobic combined fermentation operation on the mixture to be fermented subsequently.
  • the yeast is a single-cell microorganism, which belongs to the fungus of higher microorganisms. Like the cells of higher plants, it has a nucleus, a cell membrane, a cell wall, a mitochondria, the same enzyme and a metabolic pathway, and the yeast is harmless and easy to grow.
  • Yeast exists in the air, in the soil, in the water, in the animal body, and can survive without oxygen or oxygen.
  • the aerobic fermentation operation is performed on the mixture to be fermented, and in an anaerobic environment, The fermentation mixture is described for anaerobic operation.
  • Yeast is widely used in the food industry, brewing process, feed technology, etc., and the kitchen waste is treated by using yeast. Based on the strong growth characteristics of yeast, it can rapidly grow into a dominant flora, effectively Inhibiting the growth of the bacteria, the macromolecular nutrient component in the kitchen waste can be converted into a small molecule nutrient component, so that the processed product obtained after the subsequent treatment is more widely used, for example, as feed, biological fertilizer, etc. .
  • the yeast is at least one of S. cerevisiae or Candida, and thus, the fermentation operation of the mixture to be fermented can be better performed.
  • the fermenting microorganism includes at least one of yeast, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria, and, as described, The fermenting microorganisms include yeast, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria, and thus, the treatment effect on the kitchen waste can be improved, so that the processed product is used more.
  • lactic acid bacteria by adding lactic acid bacteria to the kitchen waste, it is possible to effectively decompose and utilize protein nutrition in the kitchen waste, convert it into a higher-nutrient lactic acid substance, and add lactic acid bacteria to the kitchen waste to make the lactic acid bacteria become dominant bacteria.
  • Bacillus is an important production strain of ⁇ -amylase and neutral protease, which can effectively utilize protein nutrition and carbohydrate nutrition.
  • Bacillus By adding Bacillus, the subtilisin produced during the growth of Bacillus cells is more Active substances such as colistin, nystatin and gramicidin, which have obvious inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria causing pathogenic bacteria or endogenous infections, and can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of the bacteria.
  • the fermenting microorganism includes yeast, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria, and by using yeast, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria in combination, the processing time of the kitchen waste can be shortened, and the yeast, the bacillus, and the lactic acid bacteria can be further consolidated.
  • the action of dominant bacteria inhibits the growth of the bacteria.
  • the lactic acid bacterium is at least one of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus; for example, the bacillus is at least one of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis, which can improve the pair The treatment effect of the kitchen waste makes the processed product more used.
  • the mass ratio of the fermenting microorganism to the kitchen waste is 1: (1000 to 10000), and, for example, the mass ratio of the fermenting microorganism to the kitchen waste is 1: (3000 to 4000), In another example, the mass ratio of the fermenting microorganism to the kitchen waste is 1:3500, which enables the fermenting microorganism to grow into a dominant bacteria, and can improve the treatment effect on the kitchen waste, so that the processed product More uses.
  • the mass ratio of the yeast, the bacillus, and the lactic acid bacterium is 2: (0.6 to 0.8): (1.2 to 1.5), and, for example, in the fermenting microorganism, the yeast, the bacillus, and the lactic acid bacterium The mass ratio is 2: (0.71 to 0.75): (1.3 to 1.4).
  • the mass ratio of the yeast, the bacillus, and the lactic acid bacterium is 2:0.74:1.2, which can further improve the The treatment effect of the kitchen waste makes the processed product more used.
  • the fermenting microorganism needs to be added before performing aerobic fermentation, and other anaerobic bacteria in the fermenting microorganism may be added to the anaerobic fermentation after the aerobic fermentation. Talk to the fermentation mixture.
  • the fermenting microorganism By fermenting the mixture to be fermented in advance for aerobic fermentation operation, the fermenting microorganism can be made The aerobic bacteria are rapidly multiplied and grown to a higher concentration.
  • the fermenting microorganism is a yeast, and thus, by using the yeast, the fermentation can be performed by performing aerobic fermentation operation in advance on the mixture to be fermented.
  • the yeast in the microorganism is rapidly multiplied and grows to a higher concentration.
  • the anaerobic operation is performed, it being understood that since the yeast is in aerobic Under the environment, the organic nutrients in the mixture to be fermented are decomposed, and these organic nutrients are converted into inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water, which may cause serious loss of nutrients in the mixture to be fermented. Therefore, when the aerobic fermentation is performed to a certain extent, that is, when the yeast reaches a preset concentration, the aerobic fermentation is immediately stopped, and the anaerobic fermentation operation is performed to enable the mixture to be fermented.
  • the mixture to be fermented can be decomposed to obtain small molecules which are easily absorbed by animals such as alcohol, sugars and organic acids.
  • Organic nutrients in this way, not only can the concentration of the yeast be relatively high in a short period of time, but also accelerate the efficiency of the entire fermentation process, especially for the in-situ treatment, and can also greatly reduce the The nutrient loss in the fermentation mixture is described, and the utilization rate of the kitchen waste is improved. In this way, the original idea of solid anaerobic fermentation technology to treat kitchen waste in an anaerobic environment has been broken, and it is particularly suitable for treating the kitchen waste on the spot.
  • sequentially performing the aerobic fermentation and the anaerobic fermentation operation of the mixture to be fermented specifically includes the steps of: adding the mixture to be fermented to a combined fermentation tank, and connecting the combined fermentation tank to external air, Performing aerobic fermentation operation on the mixture to be fermented, wherein the fermenting microorganism in the mixture to be fermented is a yeast for bringing the yeast to a preset concentration, and then sealing the combined fermenter
  • the fermenting microorganism in the mixture to be fermented is a yeast for bringing the yeast to a preset concentration
  • sequentially performing the aerobic fermentation and the anaerobic fermentation operation of the mixture to be fermented specifically includes the steps of: adding the mixture to be fermented to a combined fermentation tank, and connecting the combined fermentation tank to external air, Performing aerobic fermentation operation on the mixture to be fermented, wherein the fermenting microorganism in the mixture to be fermented is a yeast for bringing the yeast to a preset concentration, and then, to the combined fermenter Adding anaerobic bacteria and sealing the combined fermenter so that The mixture to be fermented is isolated from the outside air, wherein the anaerobic bacteria is at least one of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria for performing an anaerobic fermentation operation on the mixture to be fermented, thus enabling aerobic treatment - Anaerobic combined fermentation operation.
  • the anaerobic fermentation operation is carried out at a temperature of from 25 ° C to 35 ° C; for example, the anaerobic fermentation operation is carried out for a period of from 36 hours to 48 hours.
  • the combined fermenter 10 includes: a bottom 100, a barrel 200, a lid 300, and a gas guiding device. 400, the bottom 100 and the barrel 200 are connected by a first flange, and the barrel 100 and the lid 300 are connected by a second flange.
  • the barrel 100 has a hollow cylindrical structure, and the air guiding device 400 is connected to the barrel 100.
  • the gas guiding device 400 is for discharging the gas during the fermentation.
  • the air guiding device 400 includes an exhaust pipe 420, an absorption tank 430, and a filter 440.
  • the first end of the exhaust pipe 420 is in communication with the tub 100, and the second end of the exhaust pipe 420 is provided with an exhaust port.
  • the absorption tank 430 houses the exhaust gas absorbing liquid, and the second end of the exhaust pipe 420 is used to extend into the absorption tank 430 so that the exhaust port 421 is immersed in the exhaust gas absorbing liquid.
  • the exhaust port 421 of the second end of the exhaust pipe 420 is communicated with the outside air when the combined fermenter is required.
  • the absorption tank 430 is placed in the second end of the exhaust pipe 420, and the exhaust port 421 is immersed in the exhaust gas absorbing liquid for isolating the air into the air.
  • the combined fermenter can in turn discharge the exhaust gas generated by the mixture to be fermented in the anaerobic fermentation process, ensuring normal operation of the anaerobic operation, and the exhaust gas absorbing liquid of the exhaust gas passing through the absorption tank 430 After absorption, the emission standard can be achieved, and in addition, the aerobic-anaerobic combined fermentation operation can be performed smoothly.
  • the filter membrane 440 is installed in the exhaust pipe 420, and the filter membrane 440 can further filter impurities in the exhaust gas generated by the mixture to be fermented in the anaerobic fermentation process, so that the exhaust gas is solved. It can be more beneficial to the on-site treatment of the kitchen waste.
  • the filter membrane is a 0.22 micron pore size filter; for example, in order to better fix the absorption device, for example, the absorption device is attached to the exhaust pipe by a rope; for example, the barrel a support piece is disposed on the outer side wall of the body, the support piece has a rectangular body structure, and the support piece is used for supporting the absorption device, so that the absorption device can be well fixed; for example, the absorption
  • the bottle mouth of the device has a circular cross section
  • the exhaust pipe has a circular circular cross section
  • the inner diameter of the mouth of the absorption device is larger than the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe; for example, the exhaust pipe
  • the first end is perpendicular to the second end of the exhaust pipe.
  • the bottom surface of the bottom of the tub is provided with four walking wheels, and the traveling wheel is a universal wheel, so that the combined fermenting barrel can be moved more conveniently.
  • the exhaust gas absorbing liquid is an activated carbon aqueous solution, that is, water containing activated carbon, and thus, the activated carbon aqueous solution can absorb impurities in the exhaust gas to meet normal discharge standards; for example, the activated carbon aqueous solution
  • the mass ratio of activated carbon to water is 1: (30 to 55); for example, the mass ratio of activated carbon to water in the activated carbon aqueous solution is 1: (42 to 45); for example, the activated carbon in the activated carbon aqueous solution
  • the mass ratio of water is 1:44, so that impurities in the exhaust gas generated by the bacteria in the fermentation process can be well adsorbed.
  • the combined fermenter 10 can conveniently perform the picking and placing operation on the kitchen waste, and the gas guiding device 400 is disposed on the barrel for absorbing the exhaust gas in the fermentation process and maintaining the pressure in the combined fermentation tank. Thereby, the smooth operation in the fermentation process is ensured, and by providing the filter membrane 440 in the exhaust pipe 420, it is possible to prevent the external bacteria from entering again, thereby reducing the influence on the fermentation process in the combined fermentation tank.
  • the fermentation operation of the kitchen waste after the addition of the fermenting microorganism is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of the fermenting microorganism.
  • the fermentation operation is performed at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees Celsius, and the execution time of the fermentation operation is 36 hours to 48 hours, so that the The time of the fermentation operation, and the conversion rate of the kitchen waste is high, that is, the macromolecular nutrient in the kitchen waste is decomposed into a decomposition rate of the small molecule nutrient; for example, the fermentation operation is at a temperature
  • the fermentation operation is performed under conditions of 30 degrees Celsius to 33 degrees Celsius, and the execution time of the fermentation operation is 38 hours to 42 hours, so that the time of the fermentation operation can be further shortened, and
  • the conversion rate of the kitchen waste is high; for example, the fermentation operation is performed at a temperature of 31.5 degrees Celsius, and the execution time of the fermentation operation is 38.5 hours, so that the fermentation operation can be further shortened.
  • the yeast is a facultative anaerobic bacterium.
  • the fermenting microorganisms have better treatment effect on the kitchen waste, that is, the processed product is used more, for example, the fermentation operation is first aeration fermentation.
  • the aeration fermentation is to periodically remove the gas guiding device of the combined fermentation tank, so that the end of the second section of the exhaust pipe is placed on the exhaust gas absorbing liquid of the absorption device, so that the fermenting microorganism can be made
  • the treatment effect on the kitchen waste is better, that is, the processed product is used more.
  • the decomposition rate of the macromolecular nutrient in the kitchen waste is increased to become a decomposition rate of the small molecule nutrient, for example, the combined fermentation of an embodiment.
  • the tub cover, the tub bottom and the tub are integrally formed, and the tub cover, the tub bottom and the tub are made of the same material; for example, the tub cover, the tubing
  • the bottom of the barrel and the barrel are both made of a plastic material; for example, the barrel cover, the bottom of the barrel and the inner side wall of the barrel are attached with a fermentation auxiliary layer; for example, the fermentation auxiliary layer
  • the components include the following mass parts: 7 parts to 12 parts of microporous calcium silicate, 3 parts to 4.5 parts of modified sepiolite, 14 parts to 17 parts of light gray calcium powder, 2 parts to 17 parts of volcanic ash, and hard Calcium citrate 0.7 parts to 1.2 parts, sodium silicate 0.8 parts to 1.4 parts, trisodium phosphate 1.3-1.7 parts, polyether polyol 6 parts to 9 parts, polystyrene 0.5 parts to 1.5 parts, polyacrylic acid 0.5 parts to ⁇ 1.2 parts, polyester acrylate 1.1 parts to 1.9 parts, epoxy acrylate 1.5 parts to
  • microporous calcium silicate 7 parts By adding microporous calcium silicate 7 parts to 12 parts, modified sepiolite 3 parts to 4.5 parts, light gray calcium powder 14 parts to 17 parts, and volcanic ash 22 parts to 27 parts, the thermal insulation performance of the combined fermenter can be improved. Well, it is more conducive to the fermentation of kitchen waste.
  • by adding 0.8 parts to 1.4 parts of sodium silicate and 124 parts to 132 parts of high viscosity agent it can make microporous calcium silicate, modified sepiolite, and light weight.
  • the ash calcium powder and the volcanic ash can be more firmly bonded together, and the firmness is good, by adding 0.5 parts to 1.5 parts of polystyrene, 0.5 parts to 1.2 parts of polyacrylic acid, 1.1 parts to 1.9 parts of polyester acrylate, and Epoxy 1.5 parts to 2.2 parts of acrylate, further improving the heat preservation effect of the combined fermenter, making the surface of the combined fermenter more smooth and easy to clean, and polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, polyester acrylate and microporous silicic acid When used together with calcium, modified sepiolite, light ash calcium powder and volcanic ash, it can also improve the flame retardant capacity and waterproof ability of the combined fermenter and is not easily damaged.
  • the fermentation barrel adopting the above quality component has good heat preservation performance, is more favorable for the fermentation of the kitchen waste, and has better firmness, so that the surface of the combined fermentation tank is smoother, is easy to clean, and can improve the joint fermentation barrel.
  • the decomposition rate of the macromolecular nutrient in the kitchen waste is increased to become a decomposition rate of the small molecule nutrient, for example, the combined fermentation of an embodiment.
  • the tub cover, the tub bottom and the tub are integrally formed, and the tub cover, the tub bottom and the tub are made of the same material; for example, the tub cover, the tubing
  • the bottom of the barrel and the barrel are both made of a plastic material; for example, the barrel cover, the bottom of the barrel and the inner side wall of the barrel are attached with a fermentation auxiliary layer; for example, the fermentation auxiliary layer
  • the components include the following parts by mass: 9 parts to 10 parts of microporous calcium silicate, 3.6 parts to 3.9 parts of modified sepiolite, 15 parts to 16 parts of light gray calcium powder, 24 parts to 25 parts of volcanic ash, and hard Calcium citrate 0.8 parts to 1 part, sodium silicate 1.1 parts to 1.3 parts, trisodium phosphate 1.4 parts to 1.6 parts, polyether polyol 7 parts to 7.5 parts, polystyrene 0.9 parts to 1.1 parts, polyacrylic acid 0.8 parts ⁇ 0.95 parts, 1.2 parts to 1.4 parts of polyester acrylate, 1.8 parts
  • the growth performance of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the bacillus is better, the fermentation time of the kitchen waste is shortened, and the conversion rate of the kitchen waste is improved.
  • the macromolecular nutrient in the kitchen waste is decomposed into a decomposition rate of small molecular nutrients.
  • the decomposition rate of the macromolecular nutrient in the kitchen waste is increased to become a decomposition rate of the small molecule nutrient, for example, the combined fermentation of an embodiment.
  • the tub cover, the tub bottom and the tub are integrally formed, and the tub cover, the tub bottom and the tub are made of the same material; for example, the tub cover, the tubing
  • the bottom of the barrel and the barrel are both made of a plastic material; for example, the barrel cover, the bottom of the barrel and the inner side wall of the barrel are attached with a fermentation auxiliary layer; for example, the fermentation auxiliary layer
  • the components include the following parts by mass: 9.5 parts of microporous calcium silicate, 3.8 parts of modified sepiolite, 15.5 parts of light gray calcium powder, 24.5 parts of pozzolan, 0.9 parts of calcium stearate, 1.2 parts of sodium silicate, 1.5 parts of trisodium phosphate, 7.2 parts of polyether polyol, 0.95 parts of polystyrene, 0.88 parts of polyacrylic acid, 1.3 parts of polyester acrylate, 1.85 parts of epoxy acrylate, 2.9 parts of polyolefin, 3.7 parts of polycarbonate, poly 5.2 parts of lactic acid
  • S140 Performing a beating and drying operation on the fermented product to obtain a processed product.
  • the larger solid particulate matter in the kitchen waste can be converted into a smaller particle, which is beneficial to the reuse of the kitchen waste after treatment, for example, using a beater
  • the beating operation is performed on the fermented product; for example, the drying operation is performed using a drum drying device.
  • the method further includes the following steps: performing the centralized storage operation of the fermented product, for example, transferring the fermented kitchen waste from the combined fermentation tank.
  • the storage is carried out in a centralized treatment point of the cell, so that the combined fermentation tank can be used for the next fermentation, and the utilization ratio of the combined fermentation tank is increased, and the centralized disposal of the kitchen waste can be conveniently managed.
  • the processed product prepared by using the above kitchen waste has rich nutrient content and has a light color.
  • the mellow is widely used.
  • the processed product is used as an animal feed. Since the processed product is rich in nutrients, it can be easily absorbed by the fed animal, and can also improve the intestinal flora of the animal. It is beneficial to the health of the animal.
  • the processed product is used as a biological fertilizer, has a high fertility, and is beneficial to the growth of plants or fruit trees.
  • the drying operation By drying the kitchen waste after the beating operation to obtain the processed product, the water content in the processed product can be reduced, the shelf life of the processed product can be prolonged, and the transportation and use of the kitchen waste can be facilitated. .
  • the drying operation performs the drying operation in a tumble dryer, and the shelf life of the treated product can be better extended. , reducing the water content in the treated product.
  • the drying operation performs the drying operation in a vacuum drum dryer, so that the shelf life of the processed product can be further extended, the water content in the treated product can be reduced, and the processed product can be reduced.
  • the loss of nutrients during the drying process in particular, can reduce the mortality of fermenting microorganisms in the treated product.
  • the in-situ treatment method of the above-mentioned kitchen waste adopts the following steps: collecting kitchen waste; adding fermenting microorganisms to the kitchen waste and mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; and sequentially performing aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation of the mixture to be fermented Fermentation operation, obtaining a fermented product; performing the beating and drying operation on the fermented product to obtain a processed product that can be directly used for feeding the animal, capable of treating the kitchen waste generated in the living of the resident in situ, and the treatment process is more environmentally friendly, It can improve the utilization rate of effective nutrients for kitchen waste, recycle and turn waste into treasure.
  • a feed prepared by the in-situ treatment of the kitchen waste as described in any of the above embodiments for example, the treated product is the feed.
  • a biological fertilizer prepared by the in-situ treatment method of the kitchen waste as described in any of the above embodiments for example, the treated product is the biological fertilizer.
  • the above-mentioned local treatment method of the kitchen waste solves the problem that the kitchen waste disposal system in the prior art cannot realize the on-site treatment of the family, the canteen and the restaurant.
  • the local treatment method of the above-mentioned kitchen waste is to pass the kitchen waste through the combined fermentation tank. Collecting kitchen waste, then inoculating fermented microorganisms for sealed fermentation, breaking through the original solid anaerobic fermentation technology to treat kitchen waste, using aerobic and anaerobic combined fermentation process to achieve complete containment of fermentation process, fermentation gas Avoid by water absorption Leak.
  • the realization of the entire process is completed in a closed system, truly realizing the "solid, liquid, gas" three wastes harmless.
  • a method for treating microbial waste in a kitchen including a kitchen waste combined fermentation barrel for collecting kitchen waste and fermenting the kitchen waste.
  • Microorganisms (1) collecting and storing the kitchen waste in the combined fermenter; (2) adding solid microorganisms to the solid kitchen waste for agitation; (3) sealing the combined fermentation tank, placing the gas guide and absorption device; The fermentation is closed for 36-48 hours under the condition of 25-35 degrees; (5) after the fermentation is finished, the fermented material is placed in the cell where it is stored at the treatment point; (6) beating and drying.
  • the combined fermenter can realize an aerobic post-aerobic process; for example, the microorganism includes yeast, spores, and lactic acid bacteria; for example, the fermented product is used for animal feeding; For example, the post-fermentation product is broken by a beater; for example, the fermented product is dried by a drum drying system; for example, the combined fermenter is connected to the inside and outside of the barrel through a hose, and The gas in the barrel is introduced into the external storage solution.
  • the microorganism includes yeast, spores, and lactic acid bacteria
  • the fermented product is used for animal feeding
  • the post-fermentation product is broken by a beater
  • the fermented product is dried by a drum drying system; for example, the combined fermenter is connected to the inside and outside of the barrel through a hose, and The gas in the barrel is introduced into the external storage solution.
  • the above kitchen waste disposal system and method solves the problem that the kitchen waste disposal system in the prior art cannot realize the on-site treatment of the family, the canteen and the restaurant.
  • the above treatment method is to pass the kitchen waste to the kitchen waste by the combination of the kitchen waste and the kitchen waste.
  • the collection is carried out, and then the microorganisms are used for sealed fermentation.
  • the original solid anaerobic fermentation technology is used to treat the kitchen waste.
  • the aerobic and anaerobic combined fermentation process is adopted to completely close the fermentation process, and the fermentation gas is absorbed by water to avoid Leak.
  • the realization of the entire process is completed in a closed system, truly realizing the "solid, liquid, gas" three wastes harmless.

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，包括如下步骤：收集餐厨垃圾；向餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物；将待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物；将发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到处理成品。该方法通过采用以上步骤得到能够直接用于饲喂动物的处理成品，能够就地处理居民生活中产生的餐厨垃圾，且处理过程更为环保，还能够提高对餐厨垃圾的有效营养物质的利用率，循环利用，变废为宝。

Description

餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及餐厨垃圾处理技术领域，特别是涉及一种餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法。
背景技术
随着人们对环境保护的意识越来越强，环境污染和资源的问题受到人们的极大关注，城市生活垃圾的处理也受到了城市人的重视。由于城市中餐厨垃圾正高速增长，为此有必要集中处理、消化掉这些垃圾。在传统处理方式中主要采用填埋，该方式在城市发展中不能作为长久处理垃圾的环保方式，且在应用中经常会产生新的问题，还受多种条件及因素所限制。特别是城市生活垃圾中的餐厨垃圾，可占到生活垃圾的30％左右。餐厨垃圾含水量高，营养丰富，有机质含量高,特别容易滋生细菌，导致垃圾腐烂变质，从而产生刺鼻的异味。
餐厨垃圾如果处理不及时，危害极大。由于餐厨垃圾含有较高的有机质和水分，极其容易腐烂变质，从而产生刺鼻的异味，污染环境、影响市容，不利于居民健康。特别是到了夏季，环境温度越高，使得餐厨垃圾的腐烂变质也越快，这时候容易产生大量的渗滤水以及恶臭气体，滋生蚊虫，对环境卫生造成恶劣影响。尤其是餐厨垃圾腐烂变质过程中极其容易滋生大量的细菌和病原菌，若处理不当会引发一系列环境和社会问题。
目前，国外一些发达国家普遍采用在厨房配置餐厨垃圾处理装置，将破碎后的餐厨垃圾排入市政下水管网的方法。但是，将餐厨垃圾破碎后直接排放，容易产生大量的污水和臭气，还会滋生病菌、蚊蝇等，对环境危害较大。
此外，餐厨垃圾中营养物质含量丰富，直接将其排入市政下水管网，是一种资源的浪费。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种能够实现餐厨垃圾就地处理、环保处理、以及高利用率处理的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法。
一种餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，包括如下步骤：
就地收集餐厨垃圾；
向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物；
将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物；
将所述发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到处理成品。
在其中一个实施例中，所述发酵微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中，所述发酵微生物为酵母菌。
在其中一个实施例中，采用联合发酵桶依次进行所述好氧发酵操作和所述厌氧发酵操作。
在其中一个实施例中，采用打浆机对所述发酵物进行所述打浆操作。
在其中一个实施例中，采用滚筒干燥装置进行所述干燥操作。
在其中一个实施例中，在25℃～35℃的温度条件下，进行所述厌氧发酵操作。
在其中一个实施例中，所述厌氧发酵操作的时间为36小时～48小时。
一种饲料，采用任一所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法制备得到。
一种生物肥，采用任一所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法制备得到。
上述餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法通过采用如下步骤：收集餐厨垃圾；向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物；将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物；将所述发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到能够直接用于饲喂动物的处理成品，能够就地处理居民生活中产生的餐厨垃圾，且处理过程更为环保，还能够提高对餐厨垃圾的有效营养物质的利用率，循环利用，变废为宝。
附图说明
图1为一实施方式的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法的步骤流程图；
图2为一实施方式的联合发酵桶的结构示意图；
图3为一实施方式的联合发酵桶的另一角度结构示意图；
图4为图3沿A-A线的剖示图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。
例如，如图1所示，一种餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，包括如下步骤：就地收集餐厨垃圾；向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物；将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物；将所述发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到处理成品。
请参阅图1，一实施方式的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，包括如下步骤：
S110：就地收集餐厨垃圾。
通过就地收集餐厨垃圾，并将餐厨垃圾作为后续处理的原料进行就地处理，能够有效地提高处理效率。例如，所述餐厨垃圾来自家庭、食堂和餐馆就地收集的厨余物。
例如，所述餐厨垃圾包括蔬菜、果皮、肉、骨、饭、面粉和剩菜等有机餐厨垃圾；又如，在收集所述餐厨垃圾后，还对所述餐厨垃圾进行滤水留渣处理，保留固体残渣进行后续的处理。
S120：向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物。
通过向所述餐厨垃圾中加入所述发酵微生物并混合得到所述待发酵混合物，并采用所述待发酵混合物进行后续的发酵处理，能够使所述餐厨垃圾的处理操作更为环保和高效，有效地避免了餐厨垃圾自然腐败变质后的资源浪 费问题。这样，可以在现场就地向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物。
例如，所述混合操作为搅拌混合操作，这样，能够使所述发酵微生物与所述餐厨垃圾混合地更加充分，从而能够缩短所述发酵微生物在所述餐厨垃圾中成为优势菌群的时间，进一步缩短了对所述餐厨垃圾的处理时间，有利于提高处理效率，此外，还能够在一定程度上抑制有害菌群的成长，用于提高所述待发酵混合物的营养物质利用率。例如，所述发酵微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌中的至少一种。
需要说明的是，所述发酵微生物为酵母菌，即所述发酵微生物有且仅有所述酵母菌，这样，更有利于后续对所述待发酵混合物进行有氧-厌氧联合发酵操作。例如，所述酵母菌是单细胞微生物，它属于高等微生物的真菌类，它和高等植物的细胞一样，有细胞核、细胞膜、细胞壁、线粒体、相同的酶和代谢途经，酵母无害，容易生长，空气中、土壤中、水中、动物体内都存在酵母，有氧气或者无氧气都能生存，即在有氧环境下，对所述待发酵混合物进行有氧发酵操作，在无氧环境下，对所述待发酵混合物进行进行厌氧操作。酵母菌在食品工业、酿酒工艺、饲料工艺等中都有广泛应用，通过选用酵母菌对所述餐厨垃圾进行处理，基于酵母菌较强的生长特性，能够迅速成长为优势菌群，有效地抑制杂菌的生长，还能够将所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养成分转变成为小分子营养成分，使得后续处理后得到的处理成品的用途更为广泛，例如，用做饲料、生物肥等。例如，所述酵母菌为啤酒酵母或假丝酵母中的至少一种，如此，能够更好地对所述待发酵混合物进行发酵操作。
为了提高对所述餐厨垃圾的处理效果，使得发酵后的产物，即处理成品用途更加广泛，例如，所述发酵微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌中的至少一种，又如，所述发酵微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌，如此，能够提高对所述餐厨垃圾的处理效果，使得处理后的产物用途较多。例如，通过向所述餐厨垃圾中加入乳酸菌，能够有效地分解和利用餐厨垃圾中的蛋白质营养，转变成为营养更高的乳酸类物质，向餐厨垃圾中加入乳酸菌，使乳酸菌成为优势菌，有效地减少了杂菌大量繁殖生长后产生的氨类臭气物质。 芽孢杆菌是α-淀粉酶和中性蛋白酶的重要生产菌，其对蛋白质类营养和糖类营养都能够得到有效利用，通过加入芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌菌体生长过程中产生的枯草菌素、多粘菌素、制霉菌素、短杆菌肽等活性物质，这些活性物质对致病菌或内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用，能够有效地抑制杂菌的生在和繁殖。
例如，所述发酵微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌，通过联合使用酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌，能够使所述餐厨垃圾的处理时间缩短，还能够进一步巩固酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌的优势菌作用，使得杂菌的生长受到抑制。
例如，所述乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌中的至少一种；又如，所述芽孢杆菌为为纳豆芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌中的至少一种，能够提高对所述餐厨垃圾的处理效果，使得处理后的产物用途较多。
又如，所述发酵微生物与所述餐厨垃圾的质量比为1:(1000～10000)，又如，所述发酵微生物与所述餐厨垃圾的质量比为1:(3000～4000)，又如，所述发酵微生物与所述餐厨垃圾的质量比为1:3500，能够使所述发酵微生物成长为优势菌，且能够提高对所述餐厨垃圾的处理效果，使得处理后的产物用途较多。
又如，所述发酵微生物中，酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌的质量比为2：(0.6～0.8)：(1.2～1.5)，又如，所述发酵微生物中，酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌的质量比为2：(0.71～0.75)：(1.3～1.4)，又如，所述发酵微生物中，酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌的质量比为2：0.74：1.2，能够进一步提高对所述餐厨垃圾的处理效果，使得处理后的产物用途较多。
需要说明的是，所述发酵微生物中除了所述酵母菌需要在进行好氧发酵之前加入，所述发酵微生物中的其他厌氧菌可以在所述好氧发酵之后，厌氧发酵之前加入至所述待发酵混合物中。
S130：将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物。
通过将待发酵混合物预先进行好氧发酵操作，能够使所述发酵微生物中 好氧菌得到快速地繁殖增长，达到较高的浓度，例如，所述发酵微生物为酵母菌，如此，利用所述酵母菌，通过将待发酵混合物预先进行好氧发酵操作，能够使所述发酵微生物中的酵母菌得到快速地繁殖增长，达到较高的浓度，当所述酵母菌的浓度达到预设浓度时，接着，进行所述厌氧操作，可以理解，由于所述酵母菌在有氧环境下，会分解所述待发酵混合物中的有机营养物质，使这些有机营养物质转化成二氧化碳和水等无机物，这样，会导致所述待发酵混合物中营养物质流失严重。因此，当进行所述好氧发酵至一定程度时，即所述酵母菌达到预设浓度时，立即停止所述好氧发酵，转而进行所述厌氧发酵操作，能够使所述待发酵混合物转化成各种对于动物易吸收的小分子有机营养物质，如，通过所述厌氧发酵操作，能够使所述待发酵混合物分解得到酒精、糖类、有机酸类等对于动物易吸收的小分子有机营养物质，这样，不仅能够在较短时间内使所述酵母菌的浓度达到较高程度，加快整个发酵过程的效率，尤其利于就地处理的方式，而且，还能够较大程度上减少所述待发酵混合物中的营养流失，提高对所述餐厨垃圾的利用率。如此，突破了原有的必须在厌氧环境进行固体厌氧发酵技术处理餐厨垃圾的思路，特别适合就地处理所述餐厨垃圾。
例如，将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作具体包括如下步骤：将所述待发酵混合物加入至联合发酵桶中，并使所述联合发酵桶与外部的空气连通，用于对所述待发酵混合物进行好氧发酵操作，其中，所述待发酵混合物中的所述发酵微生物为酵母菌，用于使所述酵母菌达到预设浓度，接着，密封所述联合发酵桶，以使所述待发酵混合物与外部的空气隔绝，用于对所述待发酵混合物进行厌氧发酵操作，如此，能够实现好氧-厌氧联合发酵操作。
例如，将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作具体包括如下步骤：将所述待发酵混合物加入至联合发酵桶中，并使所述联合发酵桶与外部的空气连通，用于对所述待发酵混合物进行好氧发酵操作，其中，所述待发酵混合物中的所述发酵微生物为酵母菌，用于使所述酵母菌达到预设浓度，接着，向所述联合发酵桶加入厌氧菌，并密封所述联合发酵桶，以使 所述待发酵混合物与外部的空气隔绝，其中，所述厌氧菌为芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌中的至少一种，用于对所述待发酵混合物进行厌氧发酵操作，如此，能够实现好氧-厌氧联合发酵操作。
例如，在25℃～35℃的温度条件下，进行所述厌氧发酵操作；又如，所述厌氧发酵操作的时间为36小时～48小时。
为了能够较好地使好氧-厌氧联合发酵操作顺利进行，例如，请一并参阅图2及图3，联合发酵桶10包括：桶底100、桶体200、桶盖300及导气装置400，桶底100与桶体200通过第一法兰连接，桶体100与桶盖300通过第二法兰连接，桶体100为中空的圆柱体状结构，导气装置400与桶体100连通，导气装置400用于排出发酵过程中的气体。
请参阅图4，导气装置400包括排气管420、吸收罐430及滤膜440，排气管420的第一端与桶体100连通，排气管420的第二端开设有排气口421，吸收罐430容置有废气吸收液，排气管420的第二端用于伸入至吸收罐430内，以使排气口421浸没于废气吸收液内。当需要对所述联合发酵桶内的所述待发酵混合物进行所述好氧发酵时，使排气管420的第二端的排气口421与外部的空气连通，当需要对所述联合发酵桶内所述待发酵混合物进行所述厌氧发酵时，将吸收罐430罩入至排气管420的第二端中，并使排气口421浸没于废气吸收液内，用于隔绝空气进入至所述联合发酵桶内，又能够使处于所述厌氧发酵过程的所述待发酵混合物产生的废气排出，确保了所述厌氧操作的正常进行，并且这些废气经过吸收罐430的废气吸收液吸收后，能够达到排放标准，此外，还能够较好地使好氧-厌氧联合发酵操作顺利进行
请参阅图4，滤膜440安装在排气管420内，滤膜440能够进一步滤除所述厌氧发酵过程的所述待发酵混合物产生的废气中的杂质，这样，在解决了废气情况下，能够更有利于所述餐厨垃圾的就地处理。
例如，所述滤膜为0.22微米孔径的滤膜；又如，为了较好地固定所述吸收装置，例如，所述吸收装置通过绳子系在所述排气管上；又如，所述桶体的外侧壁上设置一支撑片，所述支撑片具有矩形体状结构，所述支撑片用于支撑所述吸收装置，这样，能够较好地固定所述吸收装置；又如，所述吸收 装置的瓶口具有圆环形截面，所述排气管具有圆环形圆形截面，所述吸收装置的瓶口的内径大于所述排气管的外径；又如，所述排气管的第一端与所述排气管的第二端垂直。
为了较方便地移动所述联合发酵桶，例如，所述桶底的底面设置有四个行走轮，又如，所述行走轮为万向轮，这样，能够较方便地移动所述联合发酵桶。
需要说明的是，所述废气吸收液为活性碳水溶液，即含有活性炭的水，如此，采用活性碳水溶液能够吸收废气中的杂质，使其达到正常的排放标准；例如，所述活性碳水溶液中活性炭与水的质量比为1：(30～55)；又如，所述活性碳水溶液中活性炭与水的质量比为1：(42～45)；又如，所述活性碳水溶液中活性炭与水的质量比为1：44，这样，能够较好地吸附发酵过程中杂菌产生的废气中的杂质。
上述联合发酵桶10能够便捷地对所述餐厨垃圾进行取放操作，通过在所述桶体上设置导气装置400，用于吸收排出发酵过程中的废气，维持联合发酵桶内的压强，从而保证发酵过程中的顺利运行，通过在排气管420中设置滤膜440，能够防止外界的杂菌再次进入，从而减少对联合发酵桶中的发酵过程的影响。
需要说明的是，通过上述联合发酵桶10收集餐厨垃圾，可以实现就地处理居民生活中产生的餐厨垃圾，避免将居民生活中产生的餐厨垃圾直接倒入普通垃圾桶中而出现的变质、腐烂、恶臭等问题。
通过密封所述联合发酵桶，对加入所述发酵微生物后的所述餐厨垃圾进行发酵操作，有利于所述发酵微生物的生长和繁殖。为了缩短所述发酵操作的时间，例如，所述发酵操作在温度为25摄氏度～35摄氏度的条件下执行发酵操作，所述发酵操作的执行时间为36小时～48小时，这样，能够缩短所述发酵操作的时间，且对所述餐厨垃圾的转换率较高，即将所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率；又如，所述发酵操作在温度为30摄氏度～33摄氏度的条件下执行发酵操作，所述发酵操作的执行时间为38小时～42小时，这样，能够进一步缩短所述发酵操作的时间，且对所 述餐厨垃圾的转换率较高；又如，所述发酵操作在温度为31.5摄氏度的条件下执行发酵操作，所述发酵操作的执行时间为38.5小时，这样，能够进一步缩短所述发酵操作的时间，且对所述餐厨垃圾的转换率较高。
需要指出的是，酵母菌为兼性厌氧菌，为了缩短发酵时间，使发酵微生物对餐厨垃圾的处理效果更好，即使得处理后的产物用途较多，例如，发酵操作为先通气发酵，即好氧发酵，待所述酵母菌的浓度达到预设浓度后，接着，再进行厌氧发酵；例如，所述通气发酵为通过预先打开所述桶盖，然后再关闭，又如，所述通气发酵为定时取下所述联合发酵桶的所述导气装置，使所述排气管的第二段的端部置于所述吸收装置的废气吸收液上，这样，能够使发酵微生物对餐厨垃圾的处理效果更好，即使得处理后的产物用途较多。
为了进一步缩短发酵时间，提高所述餐厨垃圾的转换率，用于提高所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率，例如，一实施方式的所述联合发酵桶中，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体为一体成型结构，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体的材质相同；又如，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体均采用塑料材质制备得到；又如，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体的内侧壁均贴附有发酵辅助层；又如，所述发酵辅助层包括如下质量份的各组分：微孔硅酸钙7份～12份、改性海泡石3份～4.5份、轻质灰钙粉14份～17份、火山灰2份～17份、硬脂酸钙0.7份～1.2份、硅酸钠0.8份～1.4份、磷酸三钠1.3-1.7份、聚醚多元醇6份～9份、聚苯乙烯0.5份～1.5份、聚丙烯酸0.5份～1.2份、聚酯丙烯酸酯1.1份～1.9份、环氧丙烯酸酯1.5份～2.2份、聚烯烃2.5份～4.6份、聚碳酸酯2份～6份、聚乳酸4份～5.5份、聚丙烯纤维1.4份～2.8份和高粘剂124份～132份，可以理解，随着发酵操作的进行，发酵的温度会相应增高，通过加入微孔硅酸钙7份～12份、改性海泡石3份～4.5份、轻质灰钙粉14份～17份、火山灰22份～27份，能够使联合发酵桶的保温性能好，更有利于餐厨垃圾发酵的进行，此外，通过加入硅酸钠0.8份～1.4份和高粘剂124份～132份，能够使微孔硅酸钙、改性海泡石、轻质灰钙粉和火山灰能够更为牢固的粘接在一起，且牢固性较好，通过加入聚苯乙烯0.5份～1.5份、聚丙烯酸0.5份～1.2份、聚酯丙烯酸酯1.1份～1.9份和环氧 丙烯酸酯1.5份～2.2份，进一步地提高所述联合发酵桶的保温效果，使得联合发酵桶的表面更为光滑，便于清洗，且聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸、聚酯丙烯酸酯与微孔硅酸钙、改性海泡石、轻质灰钙粉和火山灰一起使用时，还能提高联合发酵桶的阻燃能力及防水能力，不易损坏。通过加入聚烯烃2.5份～4.6份、聚碳酸酯2份～6份、聚乳酸4份～5.5份、聚丙烯纤维1.4份～2.8份，能够提高联合发酵桶的抗冲击力，能够提高联合发酵桶的使用寿命。采用上述质量组分的所述发酵筒，保温性能好，更有利于餐厨垃圾发酵的进行，牢固性较好，使得联合发酵桶的表面更为光滑，便于清洗，还能提高联合发酵桶的阻燃能力及防水能力，不易损坏，更为重要的是，使得乳酸菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌的生长性能更好，缩短对餐厨垃圾的发酵时间，提高所述餐厨垃圾的转换率，即将所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率。
为了进一步缩短发酵时间，提高所述餐厨垃圾的转换率，用于提高所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率，例如，一实施方式的所述联合发酵桶中，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体为一体成型结构，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体的材质相同；又如，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体均采用塑料材质制备得到；又如，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体的内侧壁均贴附有发酵辅助层；又如，所述发酵辅助层包括如下质量份的各组分：微孔硅酸钙9份～10份、改性海泡石3.6份～3.9份、轻质灰钙粉15份～16份、火山灰24份～25份、硬脂酸钙0.8份～1份、硅酸钠1.1份～1.3份、磷酸三钠1.4份～1.6份、聚醚多元醇7份～7.5份、聚苯乙烯0.9份～1.1份、聚丙烯酸0.8份～0.95份、聚酯丙烯酸酯1.2份～1.4份、环氧丙烯酸酯1.8份～1.95份、聚烯烃2.8份～3.2份、聚碳酸酯3.5份～4.2份、聚乳酸5.1份～5.3份、聚丙烯纤维2.2份～2.4份、122份～130份，采用如上述质量组分的所述发酵辅助层，保温性能好，更有利于餐厨垃圾发酵的进行，牢固性较好，使得联合发酵桶的表面更为光滑，便于清洗，还能提高联合发酵桶的阻燃能力及防水能力，不易损坏，更为重要的是，使得乳酸菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌的生长性能更好，缩短对餐厨垃圾的发酵时间，提高所述餐厨垃圾的转换率， 即将所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率。
为了进一步缩短发酵时间，提高所述餐厨垃圾的转换率，用于提高所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率，例如，一实施方式的所述联合发酵桶中，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体为一体成型结构，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体的材质相同；又如，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体均采用塑料材质制备得到；又如，所述桶盖、所述桶底与所述桶体的内侧壁均贴附有发酵辅助层；又如，所述发酵辅助层包括如下质量份的各组分：微孔硅酸钙9.5份、改性海泡石3.8份、轻质灰钙粉15.5份、火山灰24.5份、硬脂酸钙0.9份、硅酸钠1.2份、磷酸三钠1.5份、聚醚多元醇7.2份、聚苯乙烯0.95份、聚丙烯酸0.88份、聚酯丙烯酸酯1.3份、环氧丙烯酸酯1.85份、聚烯烃2.9份、聚碳酸酯3.7份、聚乳酸5.2份、聚丙烯纤维2.3份、高粘剂128份，采用如上述质量组分的所述发酵辅助层，保温性能好，更有利于餐厨垃圾发酵的进行，牢固性较好，使得联合发酵桶的表面更为光滑，便于清洗，还能提高联合发酵桶的阻燃能力及防水能力，不易损坏，更为重要的是，使得乳酸菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌的生长性能更好，缩短对餐厨垃圾的发酵时间，提高所述餐厨垃圾的转换率，即将所述餐厨垃圾中的大分子营养物质分解成为小分子营养物质的分解率。
S140：将所述发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到处理成品。
通过对发酵后得到发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，能够使所述餐厨垃圾中较大的固体颗粒物质转变成为颗粒较小的物质，有利于餐厨垃圾处理后的重复利用，例如，采用打浆机对所述发酵物进行所述打浆操作；又如，采用滚筒干燥装置进行所述干燥操作。
例如，所述步骤S140之前，所述步骤S130之后，还包括如下步骤：将所述发酵物进行集中储存操作，例如，将发酵后的所述餐厨垃圾从所述联合发酵桶中转移出，放入小区集中处理点进行储存，能够使所述联合发酵桶进行下一次发酵使用，增大联合发酵桶的利用率，通过集中储存，还能够方便处理后的所述餐厨垃圾进行集中管理。
采用上述餐厨垃圾制备得到的处理成品，营养物质含量丰富，拥有淡淡 的醇香，用途较为广泛，例如，所述处理成品用作为动物饲料，由于所述处理成品中含有丰富的营养物质，能够较为容易的被所喂养的动物吸收，还能够改善动物肠道的菌群，有利于动物的健康，又如，所述处理成品用作生物肥，拥有较高的肥力，对植物或者果树的生长有益。
通过对打浆操作后的所述餐厨垃圾进行干燥操作，得到处理成品，能够减少所述处理成品中的含水量，延长所述处理成品的保质期，还能够方便所述餐厨垃圾的运送和使用。为了较好地延长所述处理成品的保质期，减少所述处理成品中的含水量，例如，所述干燥操作在滚筒干燥机中进行所述干燥操作，能够较好地延长所述处理成品的保质期，减少所述处理成品中的含水量。又如，所述干燥操作在真空滚筒干燥机中进行所述干燥操作，这样，能够进一步地延长所述处理成品的保质期，减少所述处理成品中的含水量，还能够减少所述处理成品在干燥过程中营养物质的损失，尤其是，能够减少所述处理成品中发酵微生物的死亡率。
上述餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法通过采用如下步骤：收集餐厨垃圾；向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物；将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物；将所述发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到能够直接用于饲喂动物的处理成品，能够就地处理居民生活中产生的餐厨垃圾，且处理过程更为环保，还能够提高对餐厨垃圾的有效营养物质的利用率，循环利用，变废为宝。
例如，一种饲料，采用如上述任一实施例所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法制备得到，例如，所述处理成品即为所述饲料。
例如，一种生物肥，采用如上述任一实施例所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法制备得到，例如，所述处理成品即为所述生物肥。
上述餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法解决了现有技术中餐厨垃圾处理系统不能实现家庭、食堂和餐馆就地处理的问题，上述餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法是将餐厨垃圾通过联合发酵桶对餐厨垃圾进行收集，然后接种发酵微生物进行密封发酵，突破了原有的固体厌氧发酵技术处理餐厨垃圾的思路，采用好氧和厌氧结合发酵工艺，实现发酵过程完全密闭，发酵气体通过水吸收进而避免 外泄。实现了整个处理流程在一个密闭系统内完成，真正实现了“固、液、气”三废无害化。
为了进一步对上述餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法进行说明，例如，一种餐厨垃微生物圾处理方法，包括对餐厨垃圾进行收集的餐厨垃圾联合发酵桶以及用于将餐厨垃圾发酵的微生物；(一)将餐厨垃圾收集存放于联合发酵桶内；(二)向固体餐厨垃圾中加入固体微生物进行搅拌；(三)密封联合发酵桶，放置导气和吸收装置；(四)在25-35度的的条件下密闭发酵36-48h；(五)发酵结束后将发酵物投放到小区其中处理点储存；(六)打浆干燥处理。例如，所述的联合发酵桶，可实现先好氧后厌氧的工艺；又如，所述的微生物包括酵母、芽孢和乳酸菌；又如，所述的发酵后产物用于动物饲喂；又如，所述的发酵后产物经过打浆机打碎；又如，所述的发酵后产物经过滚筒干燥系统干燥；又如，所述的联合发酵桶，是通过软管实现桶内外的连接，将桶内的气体导入通外的储存液中。
上述餐厨垃圾处理系统及方法解决了现有技术中餐厨垃圾处理系统不能实现家庭、食堂和餐馆就地处理的问题，上述处理方法是将餐厨垃圾通过餐厨垃圾联合发酵桶对餐厨垃圾进行收集，然后接种微生物进行密封发酵，突破了原有的固体厌氧发酵技术处理餐厨垃圾的思路，采用好氧和厌氧结合发酵工艺，实现发酵过程完全密闭，发酵气体通过水吸收进而避免外泄。实现了整个处理流程在一个密闭系统内完成，真正实现了“固、液、气”三废无害化。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    就地收集餐厨垃圾；
    向所述餐厨垃圾加入发酵微生物并混合，得到待发酵混合物；
    将所述待发酵混合物依次进行好氧发酵和厌氧发酵操作，得到发酵物；
    将所述发酵物进行打浆干燥操作，得到处理成品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，所述发酵微生物包括酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，所述发酵微生物为酵母菌。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，采用联合发酵桶依次进行所述好氧发酵操作和所述厌氧发酵操作。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，采用打浆机对所述发酵物进行所述打浆操作。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，采用滚筒干燥装置进行所述干燥操作。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，在25℃～35℃的温度条件下，进行所述厌氧发酵操作。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法，其特征在于，所述厌氧发酵操作的时间为36小时～48小时。
  9. 一种饲料，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法制备得到。
  10. 一种生物肥，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的餐厨垃圾的就地处理方法制备得到。
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