Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
  • A01N43/68—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms with two or three nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
  • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
  • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
  • C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
  • B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the present invention is within the Chemical sector, specifically in the area of insect control, preferably flies, at the livestock level.
• the present invention provides a substrate and method for the control of flies and other insects in animal beds and other environments where animals such as stables, stables, farms or zoos live.
• the waste generated by using the substrate of the invention as a bed of animals in stables, stables, farms or zoos can be transformed by a process that degrades pesticides and subsequently be used as fertilizer and organic amendment for agricultural soils. Therefore, this invention is applicable in the field of Public Health, Agriculture and Animal Health.
• flies There are different species of flies, all of them are annoying for humans and animals, and can affect their health since flies can mechanically transmit pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. In general, the life cycle of flies comprises four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult fly. Among the different species of existing flies, the housefly (Musca domestica) and the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) are the most common, prolific and the most damaging in the livestock sector.
• the housefly (Musca domestica L) can multiply very quickly, which can be a serious problem in places where animals such as cattle, horses, etc. are raised or lived. Flies generally lay their eggs in decomposing organic matter such as, for example, wet manure or spilled food. Taking into account that the housefly can multiply very quickly (as an example, a pound of wet manure can lead to more than 1500 larvae), and fast (in optimal conditions its life cycle can be only 6 days ), even in small areas of animal growth a large population of flies can be generated.
• the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) is a pest of cattle that is widespread throughout the world.
• flies can transmit diseases and parasites between animals, as well as between animals and humans.
• house flies can house more than 100 different types of pathogenic organisms. There are studies that have associated them with more than 65 human and animal diseases.
• they can transport eggs and infectious larvae of several parasitic worms. More specifically, flies can transmit viral diseases in cattle such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1) causing bovine infectious rhinitis (IBR) and bovine parainfluenza 3 (PI3).
• BBD bovine viral diarrhea
• BHV-1 bovine herpesvirus
• IBR bovine infectious rhinitis
• PI3 bovine parainfluenza 3
• Bacterial diseases caused by flies include conjunctivitis, mastitis, bacterial diarrhea, typhoid fever, anthrax, vibriosis and various clostridial diseases. Flies can also transmit diseases among horses, for example, Pigeon fever or equine infectious anemia, in addition to having a relevant role in the formation of summer sores.
• a plague of flies can cause serious economic problems in livestock farms. In particular, flies can lead to a reduction in milk production, interfere with the work of operators, increase the frequency of diseases in livestock and, in relation to the above, increase veterinary costs.
• Stomoxys calcitrans can transmit various protozoa to horses such as Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equinum causing hip disease or surra.
• Flies are also main vectors of Habronema spp, a genus of gastrointestinal nematodes common in horses that cause a disease called cutaneous habronemasis that causes ulcers in different parts of the animal. Since they visit many different hosts, they can also act as mechanical vectors of viral and bacterial diseases, eg of the foot and mouth disease virus.
• Alphitobius Proliferate in the materials used as animal beds, diaperinus especially in chicken farming facilities (broilers)
• this system includes environmental sanitation processes aimed at reducing breeding points, that is, removal of decomposing material where flies or other insects can develop (for example, old fodder, agricultural waste, hay, manure, spilled food ) and cleaning of the facilities; biological control using natural enemies of insects whose plague you want to control; and / or chemical agents.
• insecticides in the form of aerosols cold fogging (fine drops) and spraying, devices for direct self-application to the animal (pour-on and spot-on), baits or traps are usually used.
• Another fairly widespread alternative is to apply the insecticidal compound in the form of a mist, that is, very small drops that remain floating in the air for a short period of time.
• This treatment allows to control the population of flying insects such as adult flies, since they come into contact with the insecticide while flying through the area where the treatment has been applied. In both cases it is necessary to protect the water and food of the animals, as well as their own animals, when the insecticidal composition is applied.
• Fly larvae can also be eliminated by incorporating an insecticide into animal feed.
• the incorporation into the drinking water has been less satisfactory due to the irregular amounts consumed by the animals and the difficulty of maintaining the appropriate dose per animal. These methods often give rise to residue problems in animal tissues or products.
• biological control methods consisting of the use of predators and parasitoids (mites and beetles predators of eggs and larvae of flies and parasitoid hymenoptera) have their best results with dry manure. In very wet manure, predators cannot move effectively to find and devour the eggs and larvae of flies. With regard to the use of entomopathogenic fungi, their efficacy against flies has been proven, but most species are only active on adults.
• Beauveria bassiana have a broad spectrum of activity (for example, which can infect many species of insects), while others are more selective (for example, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, which are more effective against the face fly and the horn fly ).
• the correct choice of the material or substrate that forms the bed of an animal is relevant to ensure that it remains in a comfortable and healthy environment.
• this material has the absorption of urine and gases, as well as reducing the growth of bacteria.
• Absorbent substrates that can be used as an animal bed are wood shavings, wood pellets, peat, hay or straw, newspaper strips or alternative materials such as rice husks, wheat by-products, etc. All these materials, once contaminated with urine, manure or any other type of waste generated by the animal, are easy to remove from the stables and / or stables, so that the animal can be kept in a healthy environment.
• part of the waste generated by removing the contaminated part by feces from animal beds can be used as organic fertilizer in crop fields, for example, in cane cultivation fields of sugar.
• these residues do not undergo any previous treatment to eliminate the bacteria that may be present in the excrements contained in the absorbent substrate, as well as the insecticides that may have been deposited in the beds after the treatment are not eliminated as an aerosol or fog or even larvicides applied directly to the ground, bed and / or manure in situ, to control the pests of flies and other insects in the environment of animals. Therefore, the direct application of these wastes as fertilizers can cause public health problems and / or environmental pollution.
• the presence of pesticides in soils constitutes an environmental problem for different environmental compartments such as surface water from runoff, groundwater from leaching and air emissions from volatilization. Additionally, these substances can affect soil microorganisms, beneficial insects and generate harmful effects on plants. The majority contribution of these substances to the soil comes from the application of phytosanitary products by farmers when it comes to combating pests and diseases in agricultural crops.
• the dynamics of phytosanitary products in the soil is governed by various physical, chemical and microbiological processes. In particular, adsorption / desorption processes, leaching, chemical and microbiological degradation, absorption by the plant, volatilization, rain, climatic factors (humidity and temperature), solar radiation and the organic matter content.
• the present invention provides a substrate, specially designed to be used as an animal bed, which allows controlling the biological cycle of insects, preferably flies, preventing them from entering the adult state and, consequently, allows controlling the pests of these insects in the environment where animals are raised and / or live, particularly in stables, stables, farms or zoos; as well as in the places where the waste generated by these animals is stored.
• the present invention refers to a substrate for the control of insects, preferably flies, characterized in that it comprises an absorbent substrate impregnated with at least one insect growth regulator (RCI).
• This substrate is, therefore, a material treated with said growth regulator.
• RCI insect growth regulator
• treated material or substrate and “impregnated material or substrate” may be considered indistinct within the scope of the present specification, since the former best conforms to the names of the regulatory framework on biocides, while the latter is a term that is technically more accepted and used to refer more directly to the way in which the product is treated (impregnated) with the regulator.
• one or more insect growth regulators are distributed homogeneously on the surface of the absorbent substrate.
• RCIs insect growth regulators
• the use of the substrate of the present invention as an absorbent material in animal beds allows to achieve a high, controlled and reproducible effectiveness in the control of insect pests, preferably flies, in facilities where animals are raised and / or live such as stables, farms, stable or zoological, thus solving the problems detected in the technical field derived from applying these active agents directly on the manure and the bed of the animals.
• the absorbent substrate can be selected from those known as absorbent material for animal beds.
• the absorbent substrate comprised in the insect control substrate, preferably flies, of the present invention (and which is impregnated with the formulation) is selected from the group consisting of wood chips (shavings), straw, wood pellets, paper, hemp, linen, crushed cardboard and a combination of the above.More preferably, the substrate consists of wood shavings, in particular pine or spruce. The chips are inedible, widely available and they are sold in bags and in bulk.
• the insect control substrate preferably flies, described herein incorporates at least one insect growth regulator (RCI), also known in the sector as IGR according to its acronym in English (Insect Growth Regulator ").
• RCIs are natural or synthetic products, of structure very similar to certain hormones that regulate the growth of arthropods. Its effect is to interfere with the development of larvae, preventing individuals from completing their reproductive cycle, because they are substances similar to those of the arthropod itself, they cannot cause resistance phenomena.
• a first type is constituted by chitin synthesis inhibitors. These compounds interfere with the formation of chitin during the molting periods. Consequently, they prevent normal growth since the structure of the exoskeleton cannot be restored correctly after molting, which causes malformations.
• the most commonly used chitin synthesis inhibitors are diflubenzuron, triflumuron, lufenuron, hexaflumuron, hexaflumuron, novalurone, chlorfluazuron, lufenuron, teflubenzuron and ciromazine. This type of insecticide is effective mainly when applied in the first larval states (L1, L2).
• ciromazine which belongs to the group of triazine derivatives, and which acts by interfering with the metabolism of insect chitin.
• Ciromazine is quite specific for diptera larvae (muscled, caliporid, mosquitoes, fleas and some beetles, among others), which can be an advantage since it does not harm many species of insects and other beneficial organisms such as parasites and predators of other plague insects.
• the very low toxicological profile of ciromazine is added to this fact, even being used as a feed additive in feed.
• a second type of RCI is constituted by the analogs and antagonists of the juvenile and molt hormone.
• These compounds modify the levels of juvenile and mute hormone, hindering the development of the insect and moving to the adult stage, so that the insect ends up dying without reproducing.
• juvenile hormone analogues, or juvenoids prevent the metamorphosis of the insect because they inhibit the differentiation of adult characters and therefore prolong the larval state, affecting fertility.
• They can be substances produced by the insects themselves or artificial synthesis that induce molting, causing the appearance of non-viable individuals, with characteristics larva and pupa intermediates; inhibition of feeding that leads to a decrease in reproductive potential and other physiological alterations.
• juvenile hormone analogs also called HJ analogs, can have an ovicidal effect.
• Preferred HJ analogs can be selected from the group consisting of pyriproxyfen, methoprene, phenoxycarb and a combination of the foregoing.
• This activity totally differentiates it from the regulators and inhibitors of insect growth: it starts the shedding process when the insect is in the larval stage, L1-L4 states, but is not physiologically prepared for it, thus causing the death of the larvae in the state of double cephalic capsule.
• the treated larvae stop feeding quickly after ingestion, after 2-4 hours, which stops the production of damage.
• Its ovicidal action is low, in general, but variable with the species;
• the application of the product causes a decrease in the fertility of adults altering their ability to reproduce.
• Preferred ecdiesteroids are: tebufenocide, methoxyphenoid, halfenocide or a combination of the above.
• RCI insect growth regulator
• the insect growth regulator is selected from the group consisting of pyriproxyfen, metoprene, hydroprene, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, phenoxycarb, tebufenocide, methoxyphenocide, ciromazine and a combination of the above
• the RCI is pyriproxyfen, for its effectiveness at very low doses, low toxicity for mammals and high degradation rate in soils.
• Another insect growth regulator preferred for its properties and behavior in the present invention is ciromazine.
• Pyriproxyfen is a regulator of the growth of broad-spectrum insects, with activity against insect pests such as housefly, mosquitoes and cockroaches. RCIs are specific to insects and have a very low toxicity to mammals. Pyriproxyfen is one of four pesticides (along with temefos, metoprene and permethrin) recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of drinking water against mosquito pests.
• flies and other insects usually lay their eggs in decomposing organic material such as, for example, manure deposited in animal beds in stables and / or stables.
• organic material such as, for example, manure deposited in animal beds in stables and / or stables.
• the substrate used as an animal bed in stables and / or stables, preferably wood chips, is periodically removed for replacement and stored prior to its removal and reuse as an organic fertilizer.
• the eggs deposited in the manure hatch and generate the annoying pests of other insects.
• the concentration of insect growth regulator, preferably pyriproxyfen, impregnated in the absorbent substrate is between 1 mg / kg and 6000 mg / kg, amounts expressed by weight of RCI relative to the weight of the absorbent substrate. This amount is equivalent to 0.0001-0.6% by weight with respect to the final weight of the substrate, and it should be understood that these values express the concentration of the active ingredient in the absorbent substrate, which may be referred to as "loading" of RCI in the substrate. More preferably, the concentration of growth regulator of the insect impregnated in the absorbent substrate is between 1 mg / kg and 500 mg / kg. More preferably, the amount of RCI by weight with respect to the final weight of the substrate is 0.0015%. It is indicated herein with respect to this range of values as well as any that is disclosed herein, that the minimum and maximum values described are included as part of the invention.
• the absorbent substrate is impregnated with a formulation comprising, amounts expressed by weight relative to the total weight of the formulation:
• Y - between 0.01 and 10% of at least additive selected from the group consisting of emulsifier, thickener, pH regulating agent, antifoam, dispersant, preservative, fungicide and a combination of the above;
• the qualitative and quantitative composition of the formulation ingredients impregnated in the absorbent substrate correspond to the formulation composition comprising the RCI used to manufacture the substrate of the invention, although it is possible that the water content and, eventually, other volatile ingredients such as solvents, have decreased, either during the application of a possible drying stage in the method of manufacturing the substrate of the present invention, or by the action of air or ambient heat during utilization.
• at least one insect growth regulator (RCI) is comprised in the formulation in an amount by weight with respect to the total weight of the formulation comprised between 0.001% and 10%, this amount being in the most preferred case of 0.05% when the RCI is pyriproxyfen. Logically, this value varies and depends on the nature of the RCI incorporated.
• the preferred concentration would be between 0.05% and 5% and would be more preferably 0.5%
• the film-forming substance may be comprised between 0.1% and 2% by weight with respect to the total weight of the formulation.
• This film-forming substance included in the formulation impregnated in the substrate described herein may be, for example, vinyl acetate homopolymers, acrylic acid homopolymers, or copolymers formed by the following monomers: vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, styrene , vinyl versatate, ethylene, vinyl chloride and butadiene, among others; they can also be thermoplastic polyurethanes; natural or modified cellulose; natural or synthetic film-forming resins such as turpentine, rosin, alkyd or alkyd resins.
• the film-forming substance is a vinyl copolymer.
• the formulation comprising the RCI may comprise a particulate mineral material insoluble in water, such as talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, barite, calcium sulfate, bentonite, sepiolite, among others.
• this formulation comprises calcium carbonate.
• this component is present in the formulation in a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the formulation of between 0.1% -5%
• the organic solvent may preferably be comprised in a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the formulation between 0.1% and 5%.
• the solvents that can be used preferably in the present invention belong to the groups of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, amines, aliphatic or aromatic amides.
• the formulation comprising at least one RCI may additionally comprise one or more of the following additives, in% by weight of the total formulation:
• - emulsifying agent preferably being a calcium salt of the alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, between 0.1-10%;
• - thickener preferably being a cellulosic compound, between 0.1-2%;
• - pH regulator preferably being an acetic-acetate buffer, between 0.1-1%;
• - antifoam preferably selected from mineral oils, among
• - dispersant preferably being a derivative of polyacrylic acid, between 0, 1- 5%;
• - preservative preferably being an isothiazolone, between 0.1-1%;
• the present patent application refers to a method for obtaining the substrate for the control of insects, preferably flies, which is described herein, characterized in that the method comprises: applying (formulation homogeneously by impregnation) on an absorbent substrate a formulation comprising amounts expressed in percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the formulation:
• Y - between 0.01 and 10% of at least additive selected from the group consisting of emulsifier, thickener, pH regulating agent, antifoam, dispersant, preservative, fungicide and a combination of the above;
• this formulation that is impregnated can be in the form of concentrated raw material, which facilitates its storage, packaging, distribution and commercialization, so that in this particular case the method may include a previous stage. of dilution in water of the concentrated formulation, to reach the dose of use, that is, to be ready for use in impregnation.
• the method may include a water dilution step of a concentrated formulation comprising the following components by weight of the total formulation:
• At least one additive selected from the group consisting of emulsifier, thickener, pH regulating agent, antifoam, dispersant, preservative, fungicide and a combination of the above, and
• the formulation containing the RCI and that is impregnated in the substrate is aqueous, and in some cases instead of being ready for use, it may be in concentrated format.
• the concentrated version with an RCI concentration between 1% and 50%, requires dilution in water prior to use, for which a stirred tank can be used.
• the concentrated product can be dosed in a stream of water under controlled flow conditions and dilution in line for direct application and without the need for dilution in the tank. It should be noted based on the data provided above that there is an overlap of values between the concentration range of the RCI in the ready-to-use formulation and in the concentrated formulation, specifically between 1% and 10%.
• the concentration of RCI in the ready-to-use formulation is between 0.005% and 1% by weight of the total formulation, including both limits, when the RCI is pyriproxyfen, and the amount of this RCI in the concentrated formulation It is preferably between 1% and 10%.
• the formulation comprising the RCI can be applied to the absorbent substrate, preferably wood chips, in one at the following doses:
• Formulation dosage ready to use 2-10% by weight on weight of absorbent substrate.
• ⁇ Dilution of the concentrated formulation dilution of 0.5-20% with water and subsequent application on the material in doses 2-10% on weight of absorbent substrate.
• Concentration of the RCI in the concentrated formulation 1-50%, preferably between 5% and 25%;
• ⁇ RCI concentration in the chip 1-6000 mg / kg or 0.0001-0.6%, preferably between 1 mg / kg and 500 mg / kg.
• the formulation to be impregnated comprises pyriproxyfen as RCI
• said RCI is contained in the formulation in a percentage by weight with respect to the weight of the formulation comprised between 0.01% and 0, 1%, being more preferably 0.05%.
• the application dose of said formulation on the substrate is 15 mg / kg of substrate (preferably wood chips).
• its concentration in impregnating solution is 0.5% and with a load of 150 mg / kg of substrate.
• the substrate impregnated with RCI described in this patent application is particularly suitable for use as a component of the beds of horses and other animals, for which it must have a low humidity level that allows its absorption function and, on the other its role in the control of immature states of flies in manure; by "low", a moisture level between 8% and 12% should be understood herein, never exceeding this value. Therefore, the amount of formulation (dose) used for impregnation is as important an parameter as the concentration in RCI (preferably pyriproxyphene or ciromazine) thereof, since at a lower dose, lower humidity of the final product.
• the application of the formulation on the absorbent substrate can be carried out by means of one of the techniques selected within the group consisting of spraying, spraying, fogging or contact with a surface impregnated with the formulation.
• the formulation is applied by spraying.
• the impregnation of the absorbent substrate, in particular wood chips can be carried out by various means or combinations thereof. In particular, it can be done by one of the following methods:
• the impregnation system can be based on the advance and movement of the absorbent substrate by various means or combination thereof simultaneously with the application of the formulation comprising the RCI, preferably pyriproxyfen:
• the RCI is homogeneously distributed, so that the active ingredient is conveniently distributed on the surface of the substrate.
• the method comprises an additional step of drying the absorbent substrate impregnated to a maximum moisture value of 12%, that is not to exceed 12%, and preferably between 8% -12%.
• the drying of the impregnated material (substrate) can be carried out by various means or combination thereof.
• one of these means or a combination of them can be used:
• one of the following systems or a combination thereof can be used:
• the absorbent substrate is wood chips
• the method of manufacturing the substrate for insect control also comprises the manufacture of these chips.
• the wood chip manufacturing process can comprise the following stages:
• step c) can be carried out, for example, through a cyclone and sieve.
• the fine particles separated at this stage can be used as fuel in biomass burners that feed the dryer with hot air in stage b) of the flakes drying.
• this process of obtaining chips can be reduced to cutting wood and packaging, in the case of lower quality products.
• wood chips preferably of pine or spruce, used to obtain the substrate for insect control, preferably flies, described in this patent application have a moisture content between 8% and 12% by weight with respect to to the total weight of chips.
• the RCI can be fixed to the chips at any stage of the chip manufacturing process, preferably after purification by sieving. In this way, only the final absorbent substrate is treated and the generation of atmospheric emissions is avoided during the combustion of impurities (dust and fine particles), which would take place if the formulation is applied to the chips before the purification stages .
• the impregnation operation is preferably carried out in line with the normal production of the wood chip, inserting an impregnation unit in the process (see Figure 1), although it can also be carried out in isolation to the manufacturing process using already finished chip.
• the inclusion of this stage in the production line itself represents advantages in terms of process economics and simplicity of operation.
• the present invention also refers to the insect control substrate, preferably flies, obtained by the manufacturing method described in this patent application. This substrate has a particularly homogeneous distribution of both the RCI and other components that may be present in the impregnation formulation, so they are particularly advantageous when used to control insect pests, preferably flies, in environments where they live or animals are raised.
• the present invention refers to the use of the substrate for the control of insects, preferably flies, described herein as animal beds.
• insects preferably flies
• animal beds preferably for species such as horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and other confined wild animals, preferably horses.
• the fly control substrate of the present invention is used as an animal bed in stables and stables.
• This treatment of the substrate used in animal beds prevents the normal development of flies and other insects from the eggs that are deposited in the feces of the animals present in the beds.
• the present invention relates to animal beds formed by the substrate for the control of flies and other insects described herein.
• the substrate comprises wood chips impregnated with pyriproxyfen, it is in a concentration between 1 and 100 mg / kg, and is distributed homogeneously and uniformly by the wood chips.
• the present invention also refers to a method for obtaining beds for animals which comprises depositing the substrate for the control of flies and other insects described in this patent application in the place where the animal is located, preferably in stables, stables and farms
• this method also comprises the manufacture of the substrate, in particular that comprising wood chips and pyriproxyfen, as described herein.
• Several techniques for soil decontamination have been developed in recent years contaminated from the degrading effect of microorganisms on contaminants.
• the solarization of the soil was described for the first time as a method to disinfect soils against a wide variety of fungi, nematodes, parasitic phalanges (weeds) or arthropod pests, bacterial diseases, disease complexes, microorganisms associated with a state of weakness other harmful agents of biotic or abiotic character.
• weeds parasitic phalanges
• arthropod pests bacterial diseases, disease complexes, microorganisms associated with a state of weakness other harmful agents of biotic or abiotic character.
• the solarization process for soil disinfection involves several problems associated, in particular, there is a temperature gradient between the treatment center (higher temperature) and the outside of the margin of the covered surface (normal temperature) that causes that, from one meter from the edge to the limit, the temperature decreases progressively. In this marginal area there is a loss of effectiveness that should be avoided. The escape of gases from the edges can also cause a lack of efficiency.
• biosolarization volatile substances produced in the biodecomposition of organic matter have an effect on the control of plant pathogens.
• the present patent application refers to a subsequent phase of biosolarization of the bed substrate (which has been described above as an object of protection) together with the manure that is removed from the stables, farms or stables.
• it consists of accumulating said substrate in outdoor enclosures and placing a sheet of transparent plastic to achieve that when solar radiation strikes a strong increase in the temperature inside that causes a degradation of the active ingredients, preferably pyriproxyfen, of so that the mixture of substrate and manure is perfectly usable for subsequent work of agricultural fertilization without risk to crops or soil.
• This recovery process can include the prior irrigation of the waste to be treated and, subsequently, the placement of a transparent plastic to provide adequate humidity, preferably between 40 and 60%, to achieve a conduction of the optimum temperature within the material.
• the type of plastic is preferably a low density polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 25 to 100 microns. This sheet is preferred as a cover material, because of its price, tensile strength and radiation transparency.
• This recovery process is applied in the present invention directly on the mixture of manure and absorbent substrate of interest for the control of insects in order to stabilize the organic matter, eliminate pathogens and parasites, and finally degrade the pesticides contained in this residue.
• the increase in temperature and the abundant concentration of microorganisms accelerate the degradation processes and their performance.
• the manure and substrate residue for insect control of the present invention can be transformed as an organic fertilizer or amendment, without causing public health problems and / or environmental contamination.
• Figure 1 Scheme depicting the method of manufacturing the substrate for fly control of the present invention, comprising wood chips as an absorbent substrate and the method further comprises the manufacture of wood chips From the trunks.
• This scheme is subdivided into two figures, Figure 1a and Figure 1b, the first one specifically showing the part of the method that includes the surface cutting of the wood and subsequent drying of the chips, as well as the subsequent purification, while the second illustrates the continuation of the process with impregnation of the formulation and subsequent treatment and packaging.
• the wood logs pass through a mill (1) where the cutting or shaving of the wood logs takes place. controlled way to obtain fine wood flakes (chips) in a controlled process; wood chips pass through the drying zone (2) and then undergo a sieving purification process through a cyclone (3) and a sieve (4).
• the impregnation zone (5) is located at the exit of the sieve (4), this zone comprises a reservoir with the formulation comprising RCI (6), systems for applying the formulation from the reservoir to the impregnation system, where the system of impregnation can be by advance by inclined plane by means of a fluidized bed that moves the wood chips by pneumatic action (5a), spraying the formulation comprising the RCI through diffuser nozzles (5b) or advancing and turning the material by rotation of the cylinder and spray of the formulation comprising the RCI (5c).
• the formulation comprising the RCI is supplied from a reservoir (6).
• the chips impregnated with the formulation comprising at least one insect growth regulator are taken to a packaging area (7), where they are packaged in bags of the desired size or stored in bulk, and distributed by trucks (8 ) or any other transportation system.
• Figure 2 Scheme showing the use of the substrate for fly control as a horse bed, and the subsequent collection of the substrate with the excrement in the biosolarization process to efficientlyze the animal beds.
• This scheme is subdivided into two figures, Figure 2a and Figure 2b.
• the first figure specifically shows the part of the process that includes its distribution and storage and its incorporation into the stable as an animal bed, that is, its use.
• the second figure illustrates how this bed, after use, is removed from the barn as a residue for the biosolorization treatment.
• wood chips impregnated with the RCI are distributed by trucks (8) or any other means of transport to a storage area (9) until use.
• the wood chips impregnated with RCI of the present invention are transferred to a stable (10), deposited in a manger (11) as an animal bed for a horse (12).
• the manger (13) is cleaned and the waste formed by the horse's droppings and the chips removed from the manger are stored in a tank (14).
• this residue is subjected to a biosolarization process (15) where both the RCI present in the chips and microorganisms that may be present in the organic matter are eliminated.
• the treated residue is extracted from the biosolarization tank (16) and is used as an organic fertilizer in an agricultural crop (17).
• Figure 3 Graph showing the mortality results of M. domestica pupae with wood chips impregnated with the formulations detailed in Table 1 as described in test 1.
• Figure 4 Graph showing the mortality results of M. domestica pupae with wood shavings impregnated with the pyriproxyfen formulations detailed in Table 3 as described in trial 2.
• Figure 5 Graph showing the mortality results of pupae M. domestica with wood shavings impregnated with the pyriproxyfen formulations detailed in table 5 as described in test 3.
• Figure 6 Graph showing the mortality results of M. domestica pupae with wood shavings impregnated with the pyriproxyfen formulations detailed in Table 7 as described in trial 4.
• Figure 7 Graph showing the mortality results of M. domestica pupae with wood shavings impregnated with ciromazine formulations detailed in Table 9 as described in trial 5.
• the absorbent substrate used for impregnation were "Great Northern" pine wood shavings, which are the most frequently used in horse beds.
• the application of the formulations for the impregnation of the shavings was carried out manually by means of a spray gun container. Several sprays were made with intermediate chip turns to ensure the impregnation homogeneity.
• the organic material used was rabbit manure in the first two trials of pyriproxyfen, due to its greater availability and its high infestation by fly larvae.
• horse manure was used because it was the main object of product application. In both cases, manure with high infestation of fly larvae was selected to obtain an appropriate number of larvae per test.
• Test 1 Four different formulations were tested, under the conditions set forth in the following table (Table 1). For this, 4 formulations were prepared:
• the formulations prepared for impregnation were aqueous dispersions and emulsions with different concentrations of pyriproxyfen (Table 3):
• Test 4 In view of the results, a final test was prepared in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the substrate impregnated with pyriproxyfen solutions at a lower concentration than those tested so far (0.05% and 0.01%), applying them in several doses (3% and 6%), in order to optimize the concentration of the RCI and the application dose. For this, substrate impregnated with the formulations specified in Table 7 was evaluated:
• Formulation 5 of test 4 comprises amounts expressed in percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition:
• Wood chips treated with formulation 1 were the most effective product (100% mortality) but formulations 2 and 3 also obtained high mortality (98.4% and 99.3% respectively) with a quarter and a half loading than formulation 1, respectively. Therefore, its cost / effectiveness is much better.
• Wood chips impregnated with solution 4 obtained good efficacy results, but comparatively did not reach the high mortality rates of the other formulations, indicating that the active load per kilogram of chips was too low in this case.
• this test allowed to verify the efficacy of the final product when the RCI agent is ciromazine, becoming a valid option for the control of domestic flies in animal beds object of the present invention. It also allowed to select the concentration of the solution (0.5% of ciromazine) and dose (150mg / kg of wood chips). Formulations with very low concentrations of active (ciromazine) and very low doses of product are sufficient to exercise adequate control of immature states of M. domestica in manure. After the five tests performed, several conclusions can be drawn:
• the RCIs used (piriproxifén, diflubenzuron and ciromazina) have shown efficacy at low doses, being the piriproxifén and the ciromazina those that better percentages of mortality have presented;

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