WO2018072522A1 - 弓形环密封垫圈及弓形环密封管连接件 - Google Patents

弓形环密封垫圈及弓形环密封管连接件 Download PDF

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WO2018072522A1
WO2018072522A1 PCT/CN2017/095214 CN2017095214W WO2018072522A1 WO 2018072522 A1 WO2018072522 A1 WO 2018072522A1 CN 2017095214 W CN2017095214 W CN 2017095214W WO 2018072522 A1 WO2018072522 A1 WO 2018072522A1
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Prior art keywords
ring
angle
sealing
arcuate
bow
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PCT/CN2017/095214
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨顺立
陈功
郭霞将
马方林
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杨顺立
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Publication of WO2018072522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018072522A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/02—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially
    • F16L23/032—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially characterised by the shape or composition of the flanges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/02—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially
    • F16L23/024—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially characterised by how the flanges are joined to, or form an extension of, the pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/16—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means
    • F16L23/18—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing member, belonging to the field of chemical machinery, in particular to a bow ring hard sealing gasket for pipe connection, a welded pipe connecting piece matched with a bow ring, including a flange and a clamp high
  • the neck flange and the union, the sealing surface of the pipe joint is a bevel (inner cone).
  • pipe joints use a large number of flanges. For small-diameter pipes below DN65, it is not necessary to use flanges. It should be used for live joints. The weight of the joints is only 1/5 to 1/3 of the flange. The price of a joint is only about half of the price of a pair of flanges.
  • the pipe connection uses a live joint, which not only saves steel, but also has low cost and is easy to install.
  • the water pipe is galvanized and joined. Because the wire is leaky and the gasket (asbestos or rubber) is easy to break, it is not used in the chemical industry, and it is not used on the water pipe.
  • Welded joints such as "Standard for welded straight pipe joints” JB 970-77, nominal pressure 32MPa, use temperature -25 ⁇ 80 ° C, rubber O-ring seal, because rubber is not resistant to high temperature, easy to age, in chemical industry It has not been popularized and is only used in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • the existing pipe joints are basically flanges, and the seals have asbestos plate gaskets and metal-wound graphite gaskets. Since the two gaskets cannot be made too narrow, they are not suitable for the joint.
  • Hard seal ring pad oval ring (including octagonal ring), is a double-sided sealed metal ring pad, see GB GB/T 9128-2003 (metal ring pad size for steel pipe flange), GB GB9130-2007 (steel pipe) Flange metal ring pad technical conditions), national standard GB-T 9115.4-2000 (ring-connected welded steel pipe flange), high temperature and high pressure resistance, but the processing accuracy is very high, the price is very expensive, it is not popular, It is only used in the high temperature and high pressure of petrochemical industry.
  • the octagonal ring pad is matched with the flange groove and belongs to the surface contact.
  • the sealing effect is not as good as the wire seal, but it is easy to process and can be used again.
  • the elliptical ring gasket is in line contact with the flange groove, and has good sealing performance, but the machining precision is high and cannot be reused. Since both the elliptical pad and the octagonal ring are double-sided sealed, they are not suitable for the abutment.
  • the triangular ring gasket proposed by the inventor, patent No. 201320856527.5, 20152024387.0, is a single-sided seal, easy to process, low in manufacturing cost, and has self-sealing effect, and can be used for joints and flanges.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is an arcuate ring hard sealing gasket, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the gasket is arcuate, and the curved arc is outward facing.
  • the seal line is on the arc of the bow, and the straight line (inner side) of the bow line is parallel to the pipe. See Figure 1.
  • the arcuate ring hard sealing washer has a protruding ring table at a position of a bow of a longitudinal section, that is, a center of the outer ring of the arcuate ring hard sealing washer is provided with a protruding ring.
  • the arcuate ring hard sealing gasket has a longitudinal section which is a deformation of a longitudinal section of the arc, that is, a longitudinal section is trapezoidal, a trapezoidal upper bottom faces outward, a trapezoidal bottom angle is an arc, and a sealing line is formed on an arc of a trapezoidal waist.
  • the apex angle is 90 to 150°, that is, the base angle is 15 to 45°, preferably 120 to 140°, that is, the base angle is 20 to 30°.
  • the longitudinal section is a longitudinal section of the arcuate ring
  • the longitudinal section is an isosceles triangle
  • the apex angle of the triangle is outward
  • the base angle of the triangle is an arc
  • the sealing line is on the arc
  • the apex angle of the triangle is 90-150.
  • ° bottom angle is 15 to 45 °
  • 120 to 140 ° bottom angle is 20 to 30 °
  • the chamfering angle of the apex angle can also be a large arc.
  • the longitudinal section is an isosceles trapezoid, and the apex angle formed by the trapezoidal two waists is 30-120° (the bottom angle is 30-75°), preferably 60-90° (the bottom angle is 45-60°), and the apex angle is outward.
  • the bottom corner of the waist is an acute angle or an arc, the material is Teflon or other plastic, and the wire seal is supplemented with an auxiliary bevel seal.
  • the arcuate ring hard sealing gasket matched pipe connecting member comprises a flange and a joint, and the sealing surface of the pipe connecting member contacting the arcuate ring sealing washer is a sloped surface (inner tapered surface), and the angle between the inclined surface and the axial direction of the pipe is 15 to 45 0 , preferably 20 to 30 0 .
  • the arcuate ring plastic sealing gasket matched the pipe connecting member, including the flange and the joint, the sealing surface of the pipe connecting member contacting the arcuate ring sealing washer is a bevel (inner tapered surface), and the angle between the inclined surface and the pipe axial direction is 30 to 75 0 , preferably 45 to 60 0 .
  • the sealing surface on the seal triangle ring is a bevel (outer conical surface), and the sealing surface on the welding body (flange, union joint, nozzle) is an arc (inner spherical surface), the two are in contact Form a line seal.
  • Bow-ring ring sealing system the sealing surface on the sealing ring of the sealing ring is an arc (outer spherical surface), and the sealing surface on the welding body (flange, union joint, connecting pipe) is a bevel (inner conical surface), the two are in contact Form a line seal.
  • the arcuate ring sealing system is the inverted of the triangular ring sealing system, or the opposite is true, the sealing performance is equivalent, but the positioning ring can be omitted when the arcuate ring is applied to the flange, and the guiding groove is not needed on the flange.
  • the arcuate ring is particularly suitable for Flange seal.
  • the roughness of the sealing surface is the same as that of the triangular ring and the elliptical ring, and is not more than 1.6.
  • the arcuate ring which is called a quasi-bow-shaped ring.
  • various shapes of bow-shaped rings can be derived, but the sealing faces of various arcuate rings are arcs (outer spherical surfaces), corresponding to the welding
  • the sealing faces of the body are all inclined faces (inner conical faces), which are all line seals, see Figures 1 to 6.
  • A is a quasi-bow-shaped ring
  • B is a triangular-shaped arch ring
  • class A is divided into A1 type (Fig. 1) and A2 type (Fig. 2).
  • Class B is further divided into B1 type (Fig. 3), B2 type (Fig.
  • the sealing ring with the arcuate cross section is of the A1 type, and the axial direction cuts a part of the outer circle into a plane (retaining the sealing arc) and then the A2 type arcuate ring (the shape is a half elliptical ring), and the A1 and A2 types are used for living.
  • the sealed seal like the triangular ring seal, has a positioning ring on the outside.
  • B1 type bow ring is the A1 type bow ring from the outside The part is cut into an isosceles triangle (retaining the sealing arc), and the B2 type bow ring is formed by cutting the A1 type bow ring from the outer part into a trapezoidal shape (retaining the sealing arc), and the B1 and B2 types are used for the sealing of the joint, like
  • the triangular ring seal has a positioning ring on the outside.
  • B1, B2 type arch ring there is no positioning ring on the outside, respectively, called B3, B4 type, used for flange sealing, relying on its own angle and flange similar to the inclined surface positioning.
  • the pipe joints matched with the bow ring include flanges and joints and joints. Because the connection between the pipe joints and the pipes is generally welded, it is also called the welding body in the standard, see Figure 7. ⁇ 15.
  • the sealing surface of the welding body with the bow ring is inclined (inner conical surface), and the angle between the inclined surface and the axial direction of the tube is called the oblique angle, which is represented by ⁇ , ⁇ is 15 to 45 0 , preferably 20 to 30 0 .
  • the base angle of the B-shaped arcuate ring or trapezoid is indicated by ⁇ , and ⁇ is 0.5 to 5° smaller than ⁇ , preferably 1 to 3°.
  • the seal of the B-shaped bow is mainly line seal
  • the surface seal is auxiliary
  • the seal ring has self-positioning during the tightening process of the flange (live joint). Function, the positioning ring can be removed from the design, and the flange design has no guiding groove. This structure is especially suitable for flanges.
  • the arc ring seal has another advantage in that the dead volume is small, because the seal line of the bow ring is at the end of the ring, and the seal line of the triangle ring is in the middle of the ring, so the flange sealed by the arcuate ring is used.
  • the liquid retention volume is small, which is particularly important for the pharmaceutical industry.
  • the triangular ring cannot be used in the pharmaceutical industry due to the large liquid retention.
  • the arcuate ring is a variant of an elliptical ring (octagonal ring), the A-shaped arcuate ring section is a half elliptical ring, and the B-shaped arcuate ring section is a half octagonal ring, but actually the arcuate ring and the elliptical ring (octagonal ring) ) has an essential difference.
  • the elliptical ring (octagonal ring) is double-sided sealed, and the sealing ring should be placed directly into the ring groove of the flange.
  • the precision of the processing dimension is high, and the arcuate ring is a single-sided seal, which requires low dimensional accuracy.
  • the elliptical ring (octagonal ring) is sealed by extrusion deformation.
  • the material is required to be soft steel.
  • the elliptical ring can only be used once.
  • the arcuate ring has a self-tightening function, and relies on the resilience of the metal after the deformation and the tension of the internal pressure. It is not required to use mild steel for steel. It can be used with ordinary steel. It is generally used for the same material of the welding body, and the arcuate ring can be used repeatedly. The test proves that it can be used more than 1000 times.
  • the B-shaped arcuate ring has a self-positioning function, and is not a face seal like the octagonal ring. It is mainly a line seal, a face seal is supplemented, and a face seal is unreliable, which is one of the reasons why the octagonal ring cannot be promoted.
  • the material of the bow ring is generally metal, generally the same material as the welding body, or plastic such as PTFE or polypropylene.
  • the present invention also proposes a C-shaped arcuate ring, as shown in Fig. 6, the installation diagram of the C-shaped arcuate ring seal joint is shown in Fig. 13, the joint seal groove angle ⁇ is 30 to 75°, preferably 45 to 60°.
  • the sealing ring material is generally made of carbon fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (black), and low temperature and low corrosion conditions can also be used for polypropylene.
  • the pharmaceutical and food industries use elastic high-quality PTFE (white), and the carbon steel steel bow ring and matching pipe joints must be rust-proof. Because the plastic used in the sealing ring has a certain elasticity, and the shape is different from that of the flat pad, it can be used repeatedly, and is mainly suitable for small-diameter pipes.
  • the bow ring is used for the joints, flanges and snaps (clamp connection), not only for pipe connections, but also for valve connections.
  • Existing valves can be replaced with bow-shaped rings to seal the union joints (for small-diameter valves), or bow-ring seal flanges or snaps (for large-diameter valves).
  • the invention has the advantages of small volume, can form a strict surface seal, low cost and convenient installation pipe joint.
  • the bow ring is most suitable for the connection of stainless steel pipes.
  • the bow ring and the matching pipe joints are made of stainless steel.
  • bow-ring seals are also the best choice.
  • the bow-shaped rings and matching pipe joints of carbon steel materials must be rust-proofed, such as blackening, phosphating, galvanizing, galvanizing, and nickel-plating.
  • the invention provides a single-face sealed hard sealing gasket-bow ring.
  • the difference from the triangular ring is that the sealing surface on the welding body (flange, the joint, the connecting pipe) is a slope, the sealing ring is a circular arc seal, and the ladder ring
  • the sealing performance of this structure is comparable to that of the triangular ring.
  • the positioning table can be omitted, and the groove is not required to be positioned on the flange.
  • the arcuate ring is particularly suitable for the sealing of the flange.
  • the arcuate ring sealing ring proposed by the invention can make the live joint popular in the industry, and the connection of the small-diameter metal pipe (below DN65) can completely replace the flange which is commonly used now, and can save 60-70% of the steel for manufacturing the pipe fitting. It can also reduce the installation schedule.
  • bow ring seals also have advantages, at least for the connection of stainless steel pipes and high temperature and high pressure pipes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an A1 type arcuate ring.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the A2 type arcuate ring.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a B1 type arcuate ring.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a B2 type arcuate ring.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a B3 type arcuate ring.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a C-shaped arcuate ring.
  • Figure 7 is a diagram of the live joint.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram of the union joint.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram of the union nut.
  • Figure 10 is an assembled view of the A1 type arcuate ring seal.
  • Figure 11 is a B1 type arcuate ring seal joint assembly diagram.
  • Figure 12 is a B3 type arch ring seal joint assembly diagram.
  • Figure 13 is a C-shaped arcuate ring joint assembly diagram.
  • Figure 14 is an assembled view of the arcuate ring seal flange.
  • Figure 15 is an assembled view of the arcuate ring seal snap fit.
  • D the inner diameter of the arcuate ring, taking the inner diameter of the pipe or approaching the inner diameter of the pipe;
  • H the height of the bow ring
  • R 2 the radius of the transition arc
  • the ⁇ -ring bevel the bottom angle of the B-shaped arcuate ring or trapezoid, is equal to the angle between the outer cone of the sealing ring and the shaft.
  • the material of the bow ring, the joint and the connecting pipe is stainless steel 304, and the nut material is galvanized by 20# carbon steel.
  • Pipe and joint weld 0.5 m Steel pipe, pipe connected to the pressure gauge, one end Snap valve. Press the lid tightly, press the ferrule valve to 10 MPa with a nitrogen bottle, close the ferrule valve, and remove the connection between the nitrogen bottle and the ferrule valve. Immerse the joint in water and observe for 10 minutes without air bubbles. After 5 hours of placement, the pressure did not change. Proof is not leaking.
  • the material of the bow ring, the joint and the connecting pipe is stainless steel 304, and the nut material is galvanized by 20# carbon steel. If the joint is connected as in Example 1, press it with a manual pressure test pump, and the water is fed to 20 MPa to close the ferrule valve. After 5 hours of observation, no water oozes and the pressure does not change.
  • the joint, the connecting pipe and the nut material are galvanized with 20# carbon steel, and the material of the bow ring is carbon fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • flange size DN150DN63 material is 20# carbon steel, blackened.
  • the test pressure is 20Mpa, the medium is nitrogen, and there is no leakage after 24 hours of airtightness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

弓形环硬密封垫圈，垫圈纵截面为弓形，弯弓圆弧朝外，密封线在弯弓圆弧上，弓弦直线与管路平行。纵截面的弓把位置设有凸出的环台。该密封垫圈为圆弧线密封，与梯环密封体系相反，但弓形环应用于法兰时可以省去定位台，法兰上也不需定位槽，弓形环特别适用于法兰的密封。

Description

弓形环密封垫圈及弓形环密封管连接件 技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封件，属于化工机械领域，尤其是涉及一种管道连接用的弓型环硬密封垫圈，一种与弓型环配套的焊接式管连接件，包括法兰、卡箍高颈法兰和活接头，管连接件的密封面为斜面(内锥面)。
背景技术
在工业上，尤其是在化学工业上，管道连接大量使用法兰。DN65以下小口径管道，连接没有必要采用法兰，应该用活接，活接的重量只有法兰的1/5～1/3，一个活接的价格只是一对法兰价格的一半左右。管连接使用活接，不仅节省钢材，费用低，而且安装方便。水管用镀锌活接，由于丝处易漏和垫片(石棉或橡胶)易坏，现在不仅在化工上已没人用，就是在水管道上用的也不多了。焊接式活接，如《焊接式直通管接头标准》JB 970-77，公称压力32MPa，使用温度-25～80℃，采用橡胶O型环密封，由于橡胶不耐高温，易老化，在化工上也没得到普及，只在制药行业有应用。
现有的管连接件基本上都是法兰，密封件有石棉板垫片和金属缠绕石墨垫片，由于这两种密封垫片都不能做的太窄，故不宜用于活接。硬密封环垫椭圆环(包括八角环)，属于双面密封金属环垫，详见国标GB/T 9128-2003(钢制管法兰用金属环垫尺寸)，国标GB9130-2007(钢制管法兰用金属环垫技术条件)，国标GB-T 9115.4-2000(环连接面对焊钢制管法兰)，耐高温高压，但加工精度要求很高，价格很贵，故未能普及，只在石油化工高温高压的场合使用。八角形环垫与法兰槽相配，属于面接触，密封效果不如线密封，但容易加工，能再次使用。椭圆形环垫片与法兰槽是线接触，密封性较好，但加工精度要求高，而且不能重复使用。由于椭圆垫和八角环都是双面密封，故都不适应于活接。
本发明人提出的三角环密封垫，专利号为201320856527.5、20152024387.0，属于单面密封，加工容易，制造费用低，而且有自密封作用，可以用于活接和法兰。
发明内容
本发明目的是，提出了一种新的单面面密封硬密封垫圈或称环垫，因截面形状为弓形，故称为弓形环。
本发明技术方案：一种弓形环硬密封垫圈，其特征是垫圈纵截面为弓形，弯弓圆弧朝外， 密封线在弯弓圆弧上，弓弦直线(内侧面)与管路平行。见附图1。
所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，纵截面的弓把位置设有凸出的环台，即弓形环硬密封垫圈的外圈中央设有凸出的环台。
所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，纵截面是弓形纵截面的变形，即纵截面为梯形，梯形的上底朝外，梯形的底角为圆弧，密封线在圆弧上，梯形腰形成的顶角为90～150°、即底角为15～45°，最好为120～140°，即底角为20～30°。
进一步的，纵截面是弓形环纵截面的变形，纵截面为等腰三角形，三角形的顶角朝外，三角形的底角为圆弧，密封线在圆弧上，三角形的顶角为90～150°(底角为15～45°)，最好为120～140°(底角为20～30°)，顶角加工倒角也可以是大圆弧。
纵截面为等腰梯形，梯形两腰形成的顶角为30～120°(底角为30～75°)，最好为60～90°(底角为45～60°)，顶角朝外，腰的底角为锐角或圆弧，材料为聚四氟乙烯或其他塑料，线密封加辅助斜面密封。
所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈匹配的管连接件，包括法兰和活接头，管连接件与弓形环密封垫圈接触的密封面为斜面(内锥面)，斜面与管轴向的夹角为15～450，最好为20～300。
所述的弓形环塑料密封垫圈匹配的管连接件，包括法兰和活接头，管连接件与弓形环密封垫圈接触的密封面为斜面(内锥面)，斜面与管轴向的夹角为30～750，最好为45～600。
针对三角环密封体系，密封垫三角环上的密封面为斜面(外圆锥面)，承焊体(法兰，活接接头、接管)上的密封面为圆弧(内球面)，二者接触形成线密封。弓形环环密封体系，密封垫弓形环上的密封面为圆弧(外球面)，承焊体(法兰，活接接头、接管)上的密封面为斜面(内圆锥面)，二者接触形成线密封。弓形环密封体系是三角环密封体系的倒置，或曰二者相反，密封性能相当，但弓形环应用于法兰时可以省去定位台，法兰上也不需导向槽，弓形环特别适用于法兰的密封。密封面的粗糙度，同三角环和椭圆环一样，不大于1.6。
上面所描述的为弓形环基本形状，称为准弓形环，在此基础上可衍生出多种形状的弓形环，但各种弓形环的密封面都是圆弧(外球面)，对应承焊体的密封面都是斜面(内圆锥面)，都属于线密封，见附图1～6。总体上，我们将弓形环分为A、B两大类，A为准弓形环，B为类三角弓形环，A类又分为A1型(附图1)、A2型(附图2)，B类又分为B1型(附图3)、B2型(附图4)和B3型(附图5)，还可衍生更多。截面为弓形的密封环为A1型，延轴向将一部分外圆切成平面(保留密封圆弧)后为A2型弓形环(形状为半个椭圆环)，A1、A2型都是用于活接的密封，像三角环密封圈一样外面有定位环台。B1类弓形环是将A1型弓形环从外面 部分切成等腰三角形(保留密封圆弧)，B2类弓形环是将A1型弓形环从外面部分切成梯形(保留密封圆弧)，B1、B2型都是用于活接的密封，像三角环密封圈一样外面有定位环台。B1、B2型弓形环，外面没有定位环台，分别称为B3、B4型，用于法兰的密封，依靠自身角度和法兰相近的斜面定位。
与弓型环配套的管连接件，包括法兰和活接的接头、接管，因管连接件与管道的连接方式一般都是焊接，故在标准中也称为承焊体，见附图7～15。与弓型环配套承焊体的密封面为斜面(内圆锥面)，斜面与管轴向的夹角称为斜角，用α表示，α为15～450，最好为20～300。B型弓形环三角形或梯形的底角用β表示，β比α小0.5～5°，最好小1～3°。因β小于α，两个角度又相差很小，故B型弓形环的密封是以线密封为主，面密封为辅，而且在法兰(活接)上紧的过程中密封环有自定位功能，设计中可以去掉定位环台，法兰的设计也没有导向槽，这种结构特别适用于法兰。
弓形环密封垫与三角环密封垫相比，另一个优点是死体积小，因弓形环的密封线在环端部，三角环的密封线在环中部，故采用弓形环密封的法兰(活接)液体滞留体积少，这一点对制药行业特别重要，三角环因液体滞留体积大不能用于制药行业。
从形状上看，弓形环是椭圆环(八角环)的变种，A型弓形环截面是半个椭圆环，B型弓形环截面是半个八角环，但实际上弓形环和椭圆环(八角环)有着本质的区别。一，椭圆环(八角环)是双面密封，密封环要正好放进法兰的环槽中，对加工尺寸精度要求高，弓形环是单面密封，对加工尺寸精度要求低。二，椭圆环(八角环)靠挤压变形密封，要求材料为软钢，椭圆环只能用一次，弓形环有自紧功能，依靠上紧变形后金属的回弹力和内压的张力密封，不要求材料用软钢，用普通钢材就可以，一般用于承焊体相同的材料，而且弓形环可以反复多次使用，试验证明可以使用1000次以上。三，由于弓形环有自紧功能，需要的预紧力小，通俗的说就是轻轻一上耐高压，而不像球面密封活接一样很难上紧(因此一直没能推广开)。四，B型弓形环有自定位功能，而且不像八角环一样是面密封，是以线密封为主、面密封为辅，面密封不可靠，这也是八角环不能推广的原因之一。
弓型环的材料一般为金属，一般采用与承焊体相同的材料，也可以用增强聚四氟乙烯或聚丙烯等塑料。
为了解决碳钢腐蚀后硬密封面破坏的问题，本发明还提出了一种C型弓形环，见图6，采用C型弓形环密封活接的安装图见图13，活接头密封槽斜角α为30～75°，最好为45～60°。密封环材料一般采用碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(黑色)，低温和低腐蚀条件也可以采用聚丙烯， 医药和食品行业采用有弹性的优质聚四氟乙烯(白色)，碳钢材料的弓形环和配套管连接件须进行防锈处理。因密封环采用的塑料具有一定弹性，而且形状与平垫不一样，可以反复使用，主要适用于小口径管道。
有益效果：弓形环用于活接、法兰和卡接(卡箍管连接件)，不仅是用于管道连接上，也包括阀门的连接。现有阀门，可改为弓形环密封活接的接头(对小口径阀门)，或弓形环密封式法兰或卡接(对大口径阀门)。本发明体积小，能形成严密的面密封，成本低、安装管连接件方便。
弓形环最适应于不锈钢管道的连接，弓形环和配套管连接件都采用不锈钢。对于碳钢高压管道，弓形环密封也是最佳选择，碳钢材料的弓形环和配套管连接件须进行防锈处理，如发黑、磷化、镀锌、镀彩锌和镀镍磷等。
本发明提出单面密封硬密封垫圈-弓形环，与三角环不同的是承焊体(法兰，活接接头、接管)上的密封面为斜面，密封垫上为圆弧线密封，与梯环密封体系相反，这种结构密封性能与三角环相当，但弓形环应用于法兰时可以省去定位台，法兰上也不需定位槽，弓形环特别适用于法兰的密封。
本发明提出的弓形环密封圈，可以使活接在工业上得到普及，对小口径金属管(DN65以下)的连接可以完全替代现在普遍使用的法兰，可以节省制造管件的钢材60～70％，还可以减少安装工期。对于大口径管道的连接，弓形环密封也有优势，至少可以用于不锈钢管道和高温高压管道的连接。
附图说明
图1为A1型弓形环示意图。
图2为A2型弓形环示意图。
图3为B1型弓形环示意图。
图4为B2型弓形环示意图。
图5为B3型弓形环示意图。
图6为C型弓形环示意图。
图7为活接接管图。
图8为活接接头图。
图9为活接螺母图。
图10为A1型弓形环密封活接组装图。
图11为B1型弓形环密封活接组装图。
图12为B3型弓形环密封活接组装图。
图13为C型弓形环密封活接组装图。
图14为弓形环密封法兰组装图。
图15为弓形环密封卡接组装图。
图中各标号的意义如下：
d—弓形环内径，取管内径或接近管内径；
d1—弓形环外径；
d2—密封环座槽直径；
d3—管槽直径；
d4—螺母孔径；
D—对焊端管外径；
D1—定位圆直径；
D2—密封环的定位环外径；
h—弓形环高度；
h1—定位环高度；
M—螺纹工程直径；
R—弓圆半径；
R1—B型弓形环端部圆弧半径；
R2—过渡圆弧半径；
S—螺母六方对边距；
α—密封环座(槽)斜角，槽内锥面与轴的夹角；
β—环斜角，B型弓形环三角形或梯形的底角，等于密封环外锥面与轴的夹角。
具体实施方式
实施例1
DN25PN63活接，密封垫为A1型弓形环，见图1、10，R＝15mm，α＝23°，h＝14mm，h1＝2mm，其余尺寸与DN25三角环活接相同，详见中国专利号201320856527.5、20152024387.0。弓形环、接头、接管的材料为不锈钢304，螺母材料为20#碳钢镀锌。接管和接头上焊0.5米
Figure PCTCN2017095214-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017095214-appb-000002
钢管，管一头接压力表，一头接
Figure PCTCN2017095214-appb-000003
卡套阀。上紧压盖，用氮气瓶从卡套阀打压至10MPa，关闭卡套阀，拆掉氮气瓶与卡套阀的连管。把活接浸入水中，观察10分钟，没有气泡。放置5小时，压力没有变化。证明不漏。
实施例2
DN25PN63活接，密封垫为B1型弓形环(图3)，α＝23°，β＝21°，R1＝1.6，R2＝1，其余同例1，安装见图11。弓形环、接头、接管的材料为不锈钢304，螺母材料为20#碳钢镀锌。如例1连接好活接，用手动试压泵打压，进水至20MPa，关闭卡套阀。观察5小时，没有水渗出，压力也没有变化。
实施例3
DN25PN25活接，密封垫为C型弓形环(图6)，α＝60°，β＝57°，R1＝0.5，接管、接头密封面及安装见图13。接头、接管和螺母材料为20#碳钢镀锌，弓形环材料为碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯。如例1连接好活接，用手动试压泵打压，进水至5MPa，关闭卡套阀。观察5小时，没有水渗出，压力也没有变化。
实施例4
采用弓形环密封的法兰，见图14，法兰规格DN150DN63，材料为20#碳钢，发黑处理。采用B3型弓形环，材料为20#碳钢，发黑处理，α＝23°，β＝21°，环外径
Figure PCTCN2017095214-appb-000004
h＝15mm，R1＝1.6mm。试验压力20Mpa，介质为氮气，气密24h无泄漏。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种弓形环硬密封垫圈，其特征是垫圈纵截面为弓形，弯弓圆弧朝外，密封线在弯弓圆弧上，弓弦直线与管路平行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，纵截面的弓把位置设有凸出的环台，即弓形环硬密封垫圈的外圈中央设有凸出的环台。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，其特征是纵截面是弓形纵截面的变形，即纵截面为梯形，梯形的上底朝外，梯形的底角为圆弧，密封线在圆弧上，梯形腰形成的顶角为90～150°、即底角为15～45°，最好为120～140°，即底角为20～30°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，其特征是纵截面是弓形环纵截面的变形，纵截面为等腰三角形，三角形的顶角朝外，三角形的底角为圆弧，密封线在圆弧上，三角形的顶角为90～150°(底角为15～45°)，最好为120～140°(底角为20～30°)，顶角加工倒角也可以是大圆弧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，其特征是纵截面为等腰梯形，梯形两腰形成的顶角为30～120°(底角为30～75°)，最好为60～90°(底角为45～60°)，顶角朝外，腰的底角为锐角或圆弧，材料为聚四氟乙烯或其他塑料，线密封加辅助斜面密封。
  6. 采用与权利要求1-5之一所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈匹配的管连接件，包括法兰和活接头，管连接件与弓形环密封垫圈接触的密封面为斜面(内锥面)，斜面与管轴向的夹角为15～45°，最好为20～30°。
  7. 采用与权利要求1-5之一所述的弓形环塑料密封垫圈匹配的管连接件，包括法兰和活接头，管连接件与弓形环密封垫圈接触的密封面为斜面(内锥面)，斜面与管轴向的夹角为30～75°，最好为45～60°。
  8. 根据权利要求6、7所述的管连接件，其特征是密封斜面与管轴向的夹角比权利要求3～5密封环的底角大0.5～5°，最好大1～3°。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5之一所述的弓形环硬密封垫圈，其特征是弓型环的材料为金属，用与管连接件相同的材料、增强聚四氟乙烯或聚丙烯塑料。
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