WO2018070860A1

WO2018070860A1 - Process for producing a polymeric sea water-based fluid containing potassium chloride for onshore and offshore well drilling

Info

Publication number: WO2018070860A1
Application number: PCT/MX2017/050018
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carlos BARAJAS HERNÁNDEZ
Original assignee: Tecnología Integral En Fluidos De Perforación, S.A. De C.V.
Priority date: 2016-10-13
Filing date: 2017-10-27
Publication date: 2018-04-19
Also published as: MX2016013498A

Abstract

The polymeric sea water-based fluid containing potassium chloride for onshore and offshore well drilling, and for drilling clayey formations in onshore wells and offshore wells, is produced via the process according to the invention, and is designed for drilling formations with a low or medium clayiness, but is not limited to this type of well formation if the circumstances justify it. The drilling of the clayey zones with the system of polymeric sea water-based fluid containing potassium chloride fulfills the rheological technical requirements for achieving cuttings transport and suspension, the control of the filtering, lubricity and inhibition of clays. The polymeric sea water-based fluid for drilling clayey formations in onshore wells and offshore wells produced via the process according to the invention is mainly composed of sea water and polymeric liquid products of new-generation technology, which are high-performance, and which are simple to prepare and quick to homogenise, thereby minimising the logistics of ships and ensuring the continuous supply of the fluid volume during the drilling, in order to prevent non-productive times, thereby guaranteeing the lowering of the casing pipes in the estimated time, without operational logistical delays. The polymeric sea water-based fluid containing potassium chloride produced via the process according to the invention is designed for zones with a clayiness of 15.0 to 50.0 meq/100 mg of clay, with the proposed "base" concentration, and can control more highly reactive clays.

Description

PROCESS OF OBTAINING A FLUID BASED FLUID OF POLYMERIC SEA WATER WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE FOR PERFORATION OF TERRESTRIAL WELLS AND COSTA WELLS

OUTSIDE.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the application in the technical field of drilling oil, geothermal and similar wells, of the Tsimin, Xux, May, Bolontiku, Kab and Xanab fields of the Abkatun Production asset; and the Chuhuk, Kuil, Pool, Chuc, Homol, Onel wells of the Litoral Production asset; as well as the Cantarell asset, the wells, Ek, Balam, Ixtoc, Kambesah, Ku Maloob Zaap, Yaxche, Kax and Uech assets located in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, whose formations are considered moderately reactive by the clays present in these strata, the which are considered low and medium temperature wells. During the drilling of hydrocarbon producing wells, to reach the depths where the oil and gas deposits are located, several extracts of the earth's crust are drilled, these extracts are several terrestrial layers, which have different characteristics in the composition of the rock, pressures and temperatures, and to achieve these objectives drilling fluids are used, well drilling is done both in land and marine locations. The selection and design of the fluids should be carried out with the purpose of avoiding problems and operational risks, reducing operating costs by shortening the drilling times, increasing and extracting the production of hydrocarbons.

During the drilling of the surface blocks of the Gulf of Mexico, where the POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE fluid, referred to herein as SP-KCL® for practicality purposes, will be used, the stages range between 50.0 and 1000 , 0 m deep. The rock formations that are present are mainly formed by clays with sand, with working densities in the range of 1.08 to 1.40 g / cm ³ or more, depending on the well. The clays present are of low and medium reactivity of 15.0 to 50.0 meq / 100 g of clays. The background temperature of these formations ranges from 50.0 to 90.0 ° C.

During the drilling of these stages, the main problems are: Maintain the stability of the well walls, since the formations are highly collapsible due to the presence of high percentages of battered sands. For this phenomenon, a fluid with clay inhibition is required, due to the presence of the latter's hydration, which causes swelling, dispersion, embolisms, colloidal solids, torque and drag problems, to mention. In addition, due to the diameters of the augers used in these stages, normally 26.0 "in diameter, it is necessary that the designed fluid has a good cleaning in the well, according to the operating conditions and advances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Since years of 1970, an infinity of water-based drilling fluids has been tested as a continuous phase to drill in hydrocarbon producing fields in Mexico, in the land area as in the marine area of the Gulf of Mexico, in the Tertiary in the Times of the recent Pleistocene and Miocene, among others. In some cases, these areas comprise depths from 50.0 m, 1000.0 m and up to 1800.0 m, this stage of the Drilling is commonly identified with the diameter of the auger with which it is drilled 26.0 "in diameter and others. The types of rock are sandstones, clays, shellfish fragments, bentonite sandy shales, etc. The use of water-based fluids It has evolved over time, in the beginning simple fluids based on viscosifiers, filtration reducers, dispersants and alkalinizers were used; and as a densifier, barite (Barium sulfate), but unfortunately these fluids were not the solution for drilling these stages of 26.0 "and 17.0" in diameter, there were already too many operational problems in drilling, increasing the degree of risk and dangers for operators in these areas, high environmental impact, longer drilling times and by sum of all these factors the cost-benefit of the well was greatly affected.With these fluids there was no mechanical stability of the well walls, the inhibition was lacking. Clays' umic characterizing wells, as too many uncalibrated. The technology of water-based fluids was developed until today with water-based fluids based on polymers, such as the Sea Water Base with Potassium Chloride fluid, called SP-KCL®. This fluid is designed to fulfill the main functions of drilling fluids in general, such as: Clipping.

Control of training pressures.

Suspend drilling cuts.

Seal permeable formations.

Maintain hole stability.

Cool, lubricate and float the drill string.

Transmit hydraulic energy to the auger and to the assembly of drill rigs. Provide a suitable means for taking electrical records.

Corrosion control.

Facilitate the cementation and completion of the well.

Minimize damage to the deposit.

Minimize the environmental impact.

Minimize the time scheduled for drilling the well.

Safe operation and lower risk of toxicity and safety for operators.

Carrying the perforated cuts to the surface, all fluid must transfer the perforations to the surface by means of the properties provided by the chemical and polymeric materials that provide the viscosification, if this function is not fulfilled, the well can be lost due to problems Cleaning or hauling. Control of the formation pressures, if the formation pressure is not controlled the well can be started or it can suffer a loss of total circulation of the fluid, with its consequent collapse of the well. The above is avoided with different chemical materials of the fluid such as viscosifiers to maintain high molecular weight solids (Barite), in suspension and thus have a homogeneous fluid controlling the formation pressures with the work density of the fluid. As stated above, the fluid must suspend drilling cuts and solids that the fluid contains in a homogeneous manner during the stoppages of fluid circulation, which are required by failures or adjustments in the drilling decisions. The different rocks to be drilled have different physical and chemical characteristics, among those characteristics are porosity and permeability rocks and / or sands; who have greater permeability and porosity than shales or clay rocks. The fluid invades these porous areas so that the fluid is required to generate a layer or coating that allows these permeable areas to be sealed, and with this control the problem of differential sticking that occurs in drilling operations is avoided. Maintain the stability of the perforated hole, the wells are protected with casing pipes so that they do not collapse, but the area of the open hole in drilling must also be protected and this is done with the drilling fluid with chemical wall stabilizing materials that function is to keep the well stable without collapsing. Cool and lubricate the auger with the constant pumping of the circulating fluid, in drilling of wells the auger and the assembly of tools are used, these work with good functioning when you have a drilling fluid in good optimal conditions, resulting in a better Progress in the perforated meters and the service times are reduced with the SP-KCL® fluid, with an optimization reflected in the times in a 40.0% benefit in drilling times with other fluids. The SP-KCL® fluid is designed with seawater, so it has in its composition enough inorganic salts that are a good means to propagate the electrical signals of the geophysical records, since these are used to take important information in drilling of wells. Secondary corrosion control is carried out with alkalizer, bitter gas controller and amine corrosion inhibitor, which is important to protect the pipes, equipment and tools used in drilling operations. When you have a good drilling fluid this is reflected in the activities of the other operations involved to drill a well, such as the cementing of casing pipes and the completion of the wells, the cements will act with better adhesion if the enjarres of Drilling fluids are thin and easy to remove. When drilling fluids are designed, they must comply with the current well cleaning standards, so it must be designed with chemical materials that are soluble and not reactive with 15.0% hydrochloric acid, with this control the plugging of the matrix of the producing deposits. This fluid has a low toxicity compared to others, the chemicals used in this fluid reduce the risk of exposure by design, coupled with the above physical presentation of each chemical component of the fluid allows a more agile and safe operation for the personnel operating the well and preparing the fluid. And finally using oil-free water-based fluids, since accidents with a massive effect can occur and can cause catastrophic spills to the environment, with the fluid designed to comply with these regulations, the environmental impact can be mitigated with drilling fluids.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Brief description of the figures.

Figure 1 represents the production zone drilling stage, where the fluid obtained by the process of the present invention is applied.

Figure 2 illustrates a diagram of the process of the present invention. Figure 3 illustrates a graph of the percentage of linear swelling with perforation cuts with the fluid obtained by the process of the present invention. Detailed description of the invention.

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining a seawater based drilling fluid, formulated based on polymeric chemicals and clay inhibitors in liquid and solid state of new technological generation with high performance, easy aggregate and rapid mixing, preparation and homogenization that minimizes its preparation times, emphasizing the drilling of the low and medium clay formations of the surface blocks on the Gulf of Mexico platform. The fluid obtained by this process that fulfills the main functions required of drilling fluids, in addition to providing a high control of inhibition of both swelling and dispersion of clayey areas, and the encapsulation of colloidal solids, due to its polymeric character of Its materials with which it is composed, in its initial formulation is a base fluid that does not contain solids, and can be densified with barium sulfate to work densities that are used in these stages drilled in the oil fields, provides excellent transport and cleaning of the drilling cuttings well and gives global compliance in environmental matters. The fluid with chemical materials, polymers and potassium chloride was developed to stabilize water-sensitive shales by inhibiting potassium ion. The inhibitory character of this system minimizes the hydration of shales, which minimizes the swelling of the clays in the open hole of the well, this in turn avoiding the embolamiento of the augers and stabilizers, the dispersion and the clays delectable, and the reduction of permeability in productive areas. The potassium chloride system uses the potassium chloride salt (KC1) as the main source of potassium ions for ionic inhibition. This system is effective because it uses polymers for the encapsulation of reactive colloidal solids. Polymers such as the filtrate reducer and the inhibitor of slippery clays and well stabilizer of hole walls are designed to be used for encapsulation. These polymers cover the cuttings and exposed shales, limiting the interaction with water. Since some shales are more sensitive to water than others, the concentration of KC1 required to inhibit these shales will vary. During drilling operations, shale cuts should be continuously monitored to determine inhibition. If the concentration of KC1 in the system is not sufficient, shale cuts will be soft and fluffy.

Potassium-based drilling fluids are used in areas where the chemical alteration of clays is required to be limited by interaction with drilling fluids. Potassium is used as an inhibitor ion due to the exchange of ionic bases of potassium ions with sodium and / or calcium ions between the clay layers and by fixing the potassium ion in the crystalline network of inflatable clay minerals. Another factor by which the potassium ion is used as an inhibitor is because it fits better in the crystalline networks of the clay due to its size, compared to the sodium ion and the calcium ion.

If the concentration of KC1 is sufficient, these cuts will maintain their integrity. The System is designed with the following chemical materials: Sea water Continuous phase

Alkalizing Amines

Inorganic salt Mechanical clamp inhibitor KC1

Amines and glycol based inhibitor Chemical clays inhibitor Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in suspension Dispersion clays inhibitor

Polyanionic cellulose in suspension Filtration reducer

Biopolymer in suspension Polymeric viscosifier

Calcium Carbonate Mesh -70 Bridging Agent

Calcium carbonate Mesh -200 Bridging agent Calcium carbonate Mesh -325 Bridging agent

Densifying Barium Sulfate

In Figure 1, the oil stratigraphy where the deep drilling operation of oil wells and the application of the fluid to POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE called SP-KCL®, obtained with the process of the present invention, at an average depth of between +250.00 to 1,360.00 m vertical below sea level, with operating temperatures at drilling between 50.00 ° C to 90.00 ° C, with operating pressures bottom of +1,935.00 kg / cm ² . Likewise, in Figure 1 you can see the Stage (E) of drilling the production area where the seawater base fluid obtained with the process of the present invention is applied.

Procedure for preparing drilling fluids in the well.

The POLYMERIC SEA BASE WATER fluid with POTASSIUM CHLORIDE referred to herein as SP-KCL® for practicality purposes, is formulated and designed to meet the requirements requested for drilling wells in the oil industry through the process of this invention. As a precautionary and correct measure of operation within the industrial process, before starting the preparation of the drilling fluid of the system mentioned above in the mixing dams, ensure that they are free of any other chemical or drilling fluid (clean), as well such as channels (16), connection lines (20); interconnection lines (17), float lines (7) and centrifuge lines (18) and finally check that the damper valves (19) of the dams are not in communication with each other. The operating process is divided into the following unit operations:

1. - Preparation of resources, resources are the chemicals to be applied and devices to be used.

2. - Resource mobilization.

3. - System preparation.

4. - Verification of the quality of the system, tests are performed on site.

5. - Field laboratory equipment.

6. - Laboratory equipment with special tests.

1. Resource preparation.

The preparation of the POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE system with large-scale POTASSIUM CHLORIDE will be carried out in the dam subsystem (21) that is part of the industrial oil well drilling system and additional accessories that meet the following minimum requirements, according to the case to be applied in the drilling area:

1.1 Mixing dams with capacity ranges from 45.00 m ³ to 120.00 m ³ (21).

1.2 At least 2 (Two) metal centrifugal pumps from 75.00 to 120.00 HP that is a working range of 8.00 in of suction x 6.00 in of discharge x 10.00 in of impeller up to 8, 00 in of suction x 6.00 in of discharge x 18.00 in of impeller, depending on the case of application of the fluid (12).

1.3 Air compressor with an operating pressure of 4.00 to 8.00 Kg / cm ² (25).

1.4 At least (Two) metal diaphragm type or variable speed pumps with a pumping capacity of 275.0 gpm, these pumps depend on the capacity of the air compressor so there is no expense interval (13).

1.5 Cross-linked polyethylene hoses for transfer and handling of fluid components of 3.00 in internal diameter and 15.24 m in length (The quantity of hoses to be used is according to the in situ operation) (14 and 22 ).

1.6 Ethylene propylene diene hoses for air ¾ in of internal diameter 5.00 m long with metal claw connection (The amount of hoses used is according to the in situ operation) (26).

1.7 Rapid connections of heavy-duty stainless steel of 3.00 in internal diameter (The quantity to be used is according to the in situ operation).

1.8 Metal conical funnel with vortex system aligned to the dam where the fluid is generated (The quantity to be used is according to the in situ operation) (24).

The diagram illustrated in Figure 2, is comprised of a drilling fluid supply system having the chemical material (15) to be preferably supplied in bags, a diaphragm pump (13), a suction hose (14), a discharge hose (22), gate valve (19), connection line (17), mud dams (8), a centrifugal pump (12), a centrifuge line (18), tremorinas (9), channels ( 16), water service (23), a metal conical funnel (24), connection line (20); a sludge pump (2) that connects to a stand pipe (4) connected to a rotating hose (5) that goes to a swivel (1), which leads to a Kelly (3) and where a drill pipe (6) makes a hole through a drill collar (10) that has a auger (11) and directs a fluid through a float line (7) to the tremor (9).

2. Resource mobilization.

Prior to the operation, the resources are inspected by means of a check list, if this inspection is satisfactorily carried out, the documentary and technical procedures are carried out before the consumer to send resources to the site.

3. System preparation.

The POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASED FLUID WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, SP-KCL®, designed according to well operating conditions (depth to be drilled, bore diameter, temperature, formation pressure, fracture gradient and / or presence of gases , etc.) to meet the operational requirements for optimal well drilling. Before preparing the fluid, the dams or mud preparation tanks must meet the requirements:

3.1 Zero percentages of fluid residues previously contained in the drilling system (for example: reverse emulsion, diesel, cuttings, etc.)

3.2 Avoid communication between dams, by means of the valve system (19) to avoid contamination between other process fluids and / or of different densities.

3.3 The recommended agitation system is of the electro-mechanical type, by means of a motor from 4.00 to 30.00 HP, metal helical blades with a 3 to 1 ratio of contact area and turbine agitators (site-specific system a operate).

3.4 When there is a change in viscosity due to the drilling process and / or the homogenization or integration of the fluid is needed, and if there are background guns at the site, make use of the devices to expedite the homogeneous incorporation of the components of the formula.

3.5 The agitation must be uniform and constant throughout the volume of the dam where the POLYMER SEA WATER BASE system with POTASSIUM CHLORIDE is prepared (21). The preparation interval of the POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE SYSTEM WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE is from 1.20 h to 2.14 h.

For the preparation of the POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, called SP-KCL®, it will be carried out according to the following order of preparation of the chemical materials: a) Add seawater with motor pump or electric pump (own system) from deep well or similar (23) (depending on the expense of the deep well pump, between 1000.00 to 2000.00 gpm) to the mixing dam selected for preparation, up to 80% of its capacity (21), considering a filling time interval of 5.00 to 10.00 min. and volume of 800.00 and 975.00 L / m ³ of seawater to be prepared from the system and dependent on the operating density that is in a range of 1.08 to 1.40. b) First service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to discharge the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 2.00 to 4.00 min. alkaline / acid / bitter gas controller (CO ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , H ₂ S, etc.) / Corrosion inhibitor up to a concentration of 0.50 to 6.00 L / m ³ . Keep stirring for 3.00 min. Keep stirring for 3.00 to 5.00 min.

c) First service of metallic conical funnel (24) from 5.00 to 120.00 Kg / m ³ of the clay inhibitor, inorganic salt (potassium chloride) in an aggregate time of 20.00 to 30.00 min. , directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a period of 10.00 to 15.00 min. d) Second service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to discharge the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 3.00 to 5.00 min. the amine / glycol-based smectite clay inhibitor up to a concentration of 1.00 to 80.00 L / m ³ . Keep stirring for 3.00 to 5.00 min.

e) Third service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to unload the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 3.00 to 5.00 min. the inhibitor of illite clays and colorations partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in suspension, to a concentration of 0.50 to 8.00 L / m ³ . Keep stirring for 3.00 to 5.00 min.

f) Fourth service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to discharge the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 5.00 to 15.00 min. The polyanionic cellulose filtrate reducer in suspension, up to a concentration of 0.05 to 24.00 L / m ^3, keep stirring from 5.00 to 10.00 min.

g) Fifth service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to unload the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 5.00 to 15.00 min. the biopolymer suspension viscosifier in a concentration of 0.50 to 25.00 L / m ³ . Keep stirring from 5.00 to 10.00 min.

h) In case of higher density requirement for operation in wells, the bridge material with second metal conical funnel service (24) is slowly added, add for 30.00 to 45.00 min. the inorganic salt calcium carbonate mesh 70, mesh 200, mesh 325 at a concentration of 5.00 to 45.00 kg / m ³ each. Keep stirring for 5.00 to 7.00 min.

i) Prior to adding the following product in case of continuing to require higher density, it must be ensured that all previously added products are homogeneously in the system,

j) Finally, with the third metal conical funnel service (24), add slowly for 20.00 to 30.00 min. commercial clay (barium sulfate), whose concentrations vary according to the specific requirement of the well operation. Keep stirring for 5.00 to 7.00 min.

k) If the operation allows it after the addition of components of the formula, a system agitation time of 30.00 min. 4.- Verification of the quality of the system, according to the API RP 13B-1 method.

Laboratory tests are performed with well formation samples, with the POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, SP-KCL®, are carried out evaluating the following parameters: · Fluid density (g / cc)

• Marsh Viscosity (s)

• Plastic viscosity.

• Transfer point.

• Transfer point at low cutting speed (LSRYP).

0 'gel.

• 10 'gel.

• API filtering.

• Water and solids content (%).

• Chemical analysis (mud alkalinity, pH, filtrate alkalinity, salinity, calcium ion content).

Rock-Fluid Interaction Tests.

If the study of rock-fluid interaction behavior is required, the tests mentioned in this subsection will be performed. For these tests training cuts, cores or synthetic pads of equal reactivity of the formation are required; and with the SP-KCL® fluid, the following interaction tests are carried out:

• Linear swelling.

• Dispersion

• CIC Determination (Cation Exchange Capacity in meq / 100 g of clay sample) of the clays used for the tests.

System formulation

BASE POLYMERIC SEA WATER WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, "SP-KCL®"

Table 1. Formulation, product concentrations.

Trade name Chemical material 1 Concentration L / m ³ or kg / m ³ j

Seawater Continuous phase 972.0 L / m ³

Alkalizing amines 0.5 - 6.0 L / m ³ Inorganic salt Mechanical clamp inhibitor 5.0 - 12.00 kg / m ³

Amines and glycol Mechanical clamp inhibitor 1.0 - - 80.0 L / m ³

Partially polyacrylamide

Inhibitor of dispersed clays 0.5 - 8.0 L / m ³ suspension hydrolyzed

Polyanionic cellulose in

Filter reducer 0.5 - - 24.0 L / m ³ suspension

Biopolymer in suspension Polymeric viscosifier 0.5 - - 25.0 L / m ³

Calcium carbonate mesh 70 i Bridging agent 5.0 - - 45.0 kg / m ³

1 Calcium carbonate mesh 200 I Bridging agent 5.0 - - 45.0 kg / m ³ i Calcium carbonate mesh 325; Bridging agent 5.0 - - 45.0 kg / m ³

Barium Sulfate Densifying What is necessary

Results of specialized tests rock-fluid interaction.

Table 2. Percent (%) of linear swelling and percent (%) of dispersion.

Percent (%) of Specification Percent Result

Drilling trim

linear swelling (%) (%) linear swelling

CIC meq / 100 g clay 17.0 25.0 maximum 12.2

CIC meq / 100 g clay 35.0 25.0 maximum 22.2

CIC meq / 100 g clay 40.0 25.0 maximum 22.2

Specification Result% of

% Dispersion Drill Trim

(%) dispersion

! CIC meq / 100 g clay 17.0 25.0 maximum 1.42

! CIC meq / 100 g clay 35.0 25.0 maximum 2.35

CIC meq / 100 g clay 40.0 25.0 maximum 3.40

Table 3. Lubricity coefficient.

Fluid Specification and Lubricity Coefficient

SP-KCL® system 0.25 maximum 0.20

Where, CIC: Cation Exchange Capacity. 5.- Field laboratory equipment and reagents

The following equipment is used for the evaluation of field drilling fluids:

Table 4. Laboratory equipment and reagents for field drilling fluids.

Rheology Kit Airplane Kit

Fann 35A Sol Viscometer. Titrator H2SO4 N / 50, N / 10 AND 5 N

35A Sol steel cup. NaOH titrator N / 10

Thermos cup 250.0 mL Sol. Potassium dichromate

Sol viscosity funnel. Silver nitrate (1000.0 -10.000.0 ppm)

Plastic bowl 1000.0 mL Sol. Methylene blue

Sol calibration fluid. Phenolphthalein indicator

Sol glass thermometer. Methyl purple

Lace thermometer (0,0 - 220,0 ° F) Sol. Methyl orange

API Sol Filtration Kit. Bromine Green Cresol

Cap with Sol cylinder connection. 3.0% hydrogen peroxide

Lid with CO ₂ Sol assembly. Boric acid 2.0%

Mesh, Sun packaging. Calver calcium buffer

Base Sol. Calver Ii, Ind.

Sol cell. Versenato hardness indicator

Test tube 25.0 mL Sol. Buffer versenato hardness

Sol full area filter paper. Versenato titrator

Kit Retorta 10.0 mL of box Stirrers (Plastic and / or glass)

10.0 mL test tubes Titration capsules

Hot steel spatulas with corkscrew

10.0 mL capsule / cell Magnetic stirrer

Syringes 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mL condensers

Sand content kit pH indicator paper

Plastic funnel% sand 1.0 / 2.0 mL pipettes

200 mesh mesh% sand 5.0 mL / 10.0 mL pipettes

Test tube% sand Timer alarm 2 hours

MBT kit with box

Heating grill

250.0 / 125.0 mL Erlenmeyer flask

pH meter or pH indicator paper strips (0.0-14.0)

Balances

Mud Balance Pressurized

Mud Balance

Portable mixer 6.- Laboratory equipment for special tests.

Measurement of linear swelling (LSM) according to standard NMX-167-SCFI- 2004 subsection 9.5

The linear swelling measuring device is used to determine hydration or dehydration of shales by measuring the increase or reduction in length by time of a reconstituted or intact shale core. The LSM test is used to determine the recommended mud system to drill through a specific shale formation.

Measurement of Dispersion%, in accordance with the standard NMX-L-167-SCFI-2004 subsection 9.4

500.0 mL stainless steel roll cells and rodent furnace are used. The evaluation of% dispersion is carried out, with core, cuttings or prepared training tablets, subsequently the tablets were weighed at constant weight, and placed in rolling cells for 16.0 h at a temperature of 185.0 ° F, with each fluid to be evaluated, finally the samples were carefully washed and passed through 60 mesh, subsequently dried and carried at constant weight.

Lubricimeter. - Lubricity test, according to the NMX-L-173-SCFI-2010 standard subsection 8.3 Measures the lubricity of drilling fluids. It provides information to determine the amount and type of lubricants that may be required.

In order to evaluate the behavior of the fluid when in contact with the formation, the linear swelling and dispersion tests were performed. For this purpose, formation samples with a reactivity of 35.0, 17.0 and 40.0 meq / 100 g were taken, as illustrated in Figure 3. Table 5. Results of polymeric seawater based fluid with Potassium chloride, SP-KCL®, for drilling land and offshore wells.

Test Result

Linear swelling (%) 22.2, 12.2, 22.2

Dispersion (%) 3.4

Lubricity coefficient 0.20

Claims

Process to form a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, which comprises the following stages:

a) Add seawater with motor pump or electric pump (own system) of deep well or similar (23) (depending on the expense of the deep well pump, between 1000.0 to 2000.0 gpm) to the selected mixing dam for preparation, up to 80.0% of its capacity (21), considering a filling time interval of 5.0 to 10.0 min. and volume of 800.0 and 975.0 L / m ³ of seawater to be prepared from the system and dependent on the operating density that is in a range of 1.08 to 1.40; b) First service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to discharge the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21) add duante 2 , 0 to 4.0 min. the alkalizing / acid / bitter gas controller (CO ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , H ₂ S, etc.) / Corrosion inhibitor up to a concentration of 0.50 to 6.0 L / m ³ . Keep stirring for 3.0 min. Maintain stirring for 3.0 to 5.0 min .;

c) First metal conical funnel service (24) from 5.00 to 120.00 Kg / m ³ of the clay inhibitor, inorganic salt (potassium chloride) in an aggregate time of 20.0 to 30.0 min. , directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by agitation in a period of 10.0 to 15.0 min .; d) Second service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to discharge the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 3.0 to 5.0 min the inhibitor of smectite clays based on amine / glycol to a concentration of 1.0 to 8.0 L / m ³ . Maintain stirring for 3.0 to 5.0 min .; e) Third service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to unload the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 3.0 to 5.0 min the inhibitor of illite clays and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide dyes in suspension, to a concentration of 0.50 to 8.0 L / m ³ . Maintain stirring for 3.0 to 5.0 min .;

f) Fourth service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to discharge the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 5.0 to 15.0 min the polyanionic cellulose filtrate reducer in suspension, to a concentration of 0.5 to 24.0 L / m ³ . Maintain stirring for 5.0 to 10.0 min .; g) Fifth service of the diaphragm pump and suction hose (14), proceed to unload the formulation component (15) by means of the discharge hose (22) positioned in the mixing dam (21), add during 5.0 to 15.0 min the biopolymer suspension viscosifier in a concentration of 0.5 to 25.0 L / m ³ . Maintain stirring for 5.0 to 10.0 min .;

Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in terrestrial wells and offshore wells, in accordance with the preceding claim, characterized in that in step a), seawater is added depending on the expense of the deep well pump, between 1000.0 to 2000.0 gpm, to the mixing dam selected for preparation, up to 80.0% of its capacity (21), considering a filling time interval of 5.0 to 10.0 min. and volume of 800.0 and 975.0 L / m ³ of water of sea to be prepared from the system and dependent on the operating density that is in a range of 1.08 to 1.40.

3. Process for forming a polymeric seawater based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with the preceding claim, characterized by a volume of 972.0 L / m ³ of seawater a Prepare system.

4. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in step b), the addition of the acid gas alkalinizer / controller / bitter (CO ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , H ₂ S, etc. and corrosion inhibitor is carried out from 2.0 to 4.0 min. to a concentration of 0.5 to 6.0 L / m ³ , maintaining the stirring for 3.0 min Keep stirring for 3.0 to 5.0 min.

5. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with the preceding claim, characterized in that in step b), stirring can be maintained for 3.0 to 5.0 min.

6. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in step c), the addition of clay inhibitor, inorganic salt (Potassium chloride) in a concentration of 5.0 to 120.0 Kg / m3 in an aggregate time of 20.0 to 30.0 min., Directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a Time lapse from 10.0 to 15.0 min.

7. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that step c) is carried out in an aggregate time of 20, 0 to 30.0 min., Directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a period of 10.0 to 15.0 min.

8. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in step d), the amine-based smectite clay inhibitor is added / glycol for 3.0 to 5.0 min. to a concentration of 1.0 to 80.0 L / m ³ , maintaining stirring for 3.0 to 5.0 min.

9. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that step d) is carried out in an aggregate time of 3, 0 to 5.0 min., Directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a time span of 3.0 to 5.0 min.

10. Process for forming a polymeric seawater-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in step e), the addition of the inhibitor of illite clays and colorations partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in suspension is carried out from 3.0 to 5.0 min., to a concentration of 0.5 to 8.0 L / m ³ , maintaining stirring for 3.0 to 5.0 min.

11. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that step e) is carried out in an aggregate time of 3, 0 to 5.0 min., Directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a time span of 3.0 to 5.0 min.

12. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in step f), the addition of the polyanionic cellulose filtrate reducer in suspension is carried out from 5.0 to 15.0 min., and up to a concentration of 0.05 to 24.0 L / m ³ , maintaining stirring from 5.00 to 10.00 min.

13. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that step f) is carried out in an aggregate time of 5, 0 to 15.0 min., Directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a time span of 5.0 to 10.0 min

14. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in step g), the addition of the biopolymer viscosifier is for 5, 0 to 15.0 min. in suspension at a concentration of 0.5 to 25.0 L / m ³ , maintaining stirring of 5.0 to 10.0 min.

15. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that step g), is carried out in an aggregate time of 5, 0 to 15.0 min., Directly in the mixing dam, ensuring that it is homogenized by stirring in a time span of 5.0 to 10.0 min

16. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the following steps are added:

h) In case of higher density requirement for operation in wells, the bridging material with second metal conical funnel service (24) is added slowly, add for 30.0 to 45.0 min. an inorganic calcium carbonate salt of 70 mesh, 200 mesh, 325 mesh in a concentration of 5.00 to 45.00 kg / m ³ each, maintaining stirring for 5.0 to 7.0 min .;

i) Prior to adding the following product in case of continuing to require higher density, it must be ensured that all previously added products are homogeneously in the system; j) Finally, with the third metal conical funnel service (24), add slowly for 20.0 to 30.0 min. commercial clay (barium sulfate), whose concentrations vary according to the specific requirement of the well operation, maintaining stirring for 5.0 to 7.0 min .; k) If the operation allows it after the addition of components of the formula, a system agitation time of 30.0 min.

17. Process for forming a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in terrestrial wells and offshore wells, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the application of the fluid to POLYMERIC SEA WATER BASE WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE obtained , it is at an average depth between +250.0 to 1,360.0 m vertical below sea level, with operating temperatures in the drilling between 50.0 ° C to 90.0 ° C, and with operating pressures background of +1,935.0 Kg / cm ² .

18. A system for carrying out the process for making a polymeric water-based fluid for drilling clay formations in land wells and offshore wells in accordance with claim 1, comprising: Mixing dams with capacity ranges from 45.0 m ³ to 120.0 m ³ (21);

At least 2 metal centrifugal pumps of 75.0 to 120.0 HP (12), that is, a working range of 8.0 in suction x 6.0 in discharge x 10.0 in impeller up to 8 , 0 in suction x 6.0 in discharge x 18.0 in impeller, depending on the case of fluid application;

An air compressor (25) with an operating pressure of 4.0 to 8.0 Kg / cm ² ;

At least 2 metallic pumps (13) type double diaphragm or variable speed with a pumping capacity of 275.0 gpm, these pumps depend on the capacity of the air compressor so there is no expense interval;

Cross-linked polyethylene hoses (14 and 22) for transfer and handling of the fluid components 3.0 in internal diameter and 15.24 m long;

Hoses (26) of ethylene propylene diene for air of ¾ in of internal diameter by 5.0 m long with metal claw type connection (The amount to use of hoses is according to the in situ operation);

Quick connections of heavy duty stainless steel 3.0 in internal diameter;

Conical metal funnel (24) with vortex system aligned to the dam where the fluid is generated. 19. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that the amount to be used of cross-linked polyethylene hoses is according to the in situ operation.

20. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that the amount to be used of ethylene propylene diene hoses is according to the in situ operation.

21. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that the amount to be used of metal conical funnels is according to the in situ operation.