WO2018070316A1 - 摩擦撹拌接合方法および装置 - Google Patents

摩擦撹拌接合方法および装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018070316A1
WO2018070316A1 PCT/JP2017/036092 JP2017036092W WO2018070316A1 WO 2018070316 A1 WO2018070316 A1 WO 2018070316A1 JP 2017036092 W JP2017036092 W JP 2017036092W WO 2018070316 A1 WO2018070316 A1 WO 2018070316A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
steel plate
friction stir
joining
stir welding
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PCT/JP2017/036092
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
松下　宗生
公一 谷口
池田　倫正
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Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社
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Application filed by Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 filed Critical Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社
Priority to KR1020197006475A priority Critical patent/KR102173603B1/ko
Priority to JP2017558591A priority patent/JP6493564B2/ja
Priority to CN201780055151.9A priority patent/CN109689276B/zh
Publication of WO2018070316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018070316A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment

Definitions

  • the rotary tool is inserted into an unjoined portion between the workpieces and moved while rotating, and the workpiece is softened by frictional heat with the rotary tool, and the softened portion is stirred by the rotary tool.
  • the present invention relates to a friction stir welding method in which joining is performed without adding a filler material by using the generated plastic flow, and an apparatus for realizing the friction stir welding method.
  • Patent Document 1 As a friction welding method, in Patent Document 1, by rotating both or one of a pair of metal materials, the metal material generates frictional heat and softens, while the softened portion is stirred to cause plastic flow. Thus, a technique for joining metal materials is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 a tool made of a material that is substantially harder than a workpiece is inserted into an unjoined portion of the workpiece, and the tool is moved while being rotated.
  • a method is disclosed in which workpieces are continuously joined in the longitudinal direction by heat and plastic flow.
  • the friction welding method described in Patent Document 1 is a method of rotating workpieces and welding them by frictional heat between workpieces.
  • the friction stir welding method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method of joining by moving a tool while rotating a joining member in a fixed state.
  • the friction stir welding method since the tool is moved and joined, even a member that is substantially infinitely long with respect to the welding direction has an advantage that it can be continuously solid-phase joined in the longitudinal direction.
  • it is a solid-phase joining using the plastic flow of the metal by the frictional heat of a tool and a joining member, it can join, without melt
  • the heating temperature is low, deformation after joining is small, the joint is not melted, so there are few defects, and in addition, there are many advantages such as not requiring a filler material.
  • the friction stir welding method is a method of joining low melting point metal materials represented by aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys, and its use is expanding in the fields of aircraft, ships, railway vehicles, automobiles, and the like.
  • the reason for this is that these low melting point metal materials are difficult to obtain satisfactory characteristics of the joints by conventional arc welding methods, and the productivity is improved and the quality is high by applying the friction stir welding method. It is because a junction can be obtained.
  • the application of friction stir welding to structural steel which is mainly applied as a structural material such as buildings, ships, heavy machinery, pipelines, and automobiles, is subject to solidification cracking and hydrogen cracking, which are problems in conventional fusion welding. Can be avoided, and the structural change of the steel material can be suppressed, so that it can be expected that the joint performance is excellent. Further, in the friction stir welding method, a clean interface is created by stirring the bonding interface with a rotating tool and the clean surfaces are brought into contact with each other. Therefore, an advantage that a preparatory step such as diffusion bonding is unnecessary can be expected. Thus, the application of the friction stir welding method to structural steel is expected to have many advantages. However, since there is a problem in joining workability such as suppression of defect generation during joining and an increase in joining speed, the friction stir welding method has not been widely used in structural steel compared to low melting point metal materials.
  • Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 disclose a joining method in which a heating means is added for the purpose of improving joining workability.
  • Patent Document 5 includes a heating unit using an induction heating device, and by heating the workpieces before and after joining, friction that increases the joining speed and eliminates cracks in the joined part.
  • a stir welding method is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 6 has a heating means using a laser device, and the workpiece is partially heated immediately before joining, thereby suppressing the microstructure change around the heating region due to preheating and increasing the joining speed.
  • a friction stir welding apparatus which is designed to be simplified is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 do not consider the surface temperature, depth, and the like of the heating region of the workpieces by heating before bonding, and therefore, sufficient bonding workability cannot be obtained. Furthermore, the microstructure around the heating region may change due to overheating, which may adversely affect the properties of the joint joint, particularly the joint strength.
  • Patent Document 7 the position of the heating region, the surface temperature, the depth, and the like are limited with respect to partially heating the workpieces immediately before bonding, and sufficient strength is obtained and the bonding workability is improved.
  • a friction stir welding method is disclosed.
  • the relationship between the position of partial heating of the workpiece and the frictional heat generated by the dynamic friction coefficient between the rotating tool material or the material coated on the surface of the rotating tool and the workpiece is effective for bonding workability. No influence is taken into account.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and at the time of friction stir welding, an object of the present invention is to solve the plastic flow failure due to insufficient heating of work materials and to improve the joining workability with sufficient strength. To do.
  • the relationship between the position of partial heating of the workpiece and the frictional heat generation due to the dynamic friction coefficient between the rotating tool material or the material coated on the surface of the rotating tool and the workpiece affects the workability.
  • the present invention is based on the above knowledge, and in particular, when the friction stir welding method is applied to the joining of structural steel, the plastic flow failure due to insufficient heating of the work material is solved, and sufficient In addition to high strength, it is intended to improve the joining workability.
  • the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. [1] A shoulder portion and a pin portion that is arranged on the shoulder portion and shares the rotation axis with the shoulder portion, and the shoulder portion and the pin portion are made of a material harder than a steel plate that is a workpiece.
  • the rotating tool is inserted into an unjoined portion between the steel plates and rotated to move in the joining direction, and the softened portion is softened by the frictional heat between the rotating tool and the steel plate while the softened part is moved with the rotating tool.
  • a friction stir welding method in which steel plates are joined to each other by causing plastic flow by stirring, and the dynamic friction coefficient between the material of the rotating tool or the material coated on the surface of the rotating tool and the steel plate is 0.
  • a region where the surface temperature T S (° C.) of the steel sheet heated by the heating means provided in front of the rotating tool in the joining direction satisfies the following formula (1) is defined as a heating region.
  • the heating area and the front The minimum distance to the rotating tool is not more than the diameter of the shoulder of the rotating tool, the area of the heating region is not more than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion of the rotating tool, and is 65% of the area of the heating region.
  • % Of the surface of the steel plate is a straight line that passes through the rotation axis of the rotary tool and is parallel to the welding direction, and is parallel to the welding center line and to the retreating side of the pin portion of the rotary tool.
  • T A1 is a temperature represented by the following formula (2).
  • T A1 (° C.) 723-10.7 [% Mn] ⁇ 16.9 [% Ni] +29.1 [% Si] +16.9 [% Cr] +290 [% As] +6.38 [% W] ⁇
  • Said [% M] is content (mass%) of M element in the steel plate which is a workpiece, and is set to 0 when not containing.
  • a friction stir welding method according to [4], wherein a cooling means is provided behind the rear heating means in the joining direction, and the cooling means cools the joint heated by the rear heating means. .
  • a cooling means is provided behind the rotating tool in the joining direction, and the cooling means cools the joining portion of the steel sheet. Friction stirring according to any one of [1] to [3] Joining method.
  • a friction stir welding method according to [6], wherein a rear heating unit is provided behind the cooling unit in the joining direction, and the rear heating unit heats the joint cooled by the cooling unit. .
  • a friction stir welding apparatus for joining unjoined portions between steel plates as workpieces comprising a shoulder portion and a pin portion arranged on the shoulder portion and sharing the rotation axis with the shoulder portion.
  • the shoulder portion and the pin portion are made of a material harder than the steel plate, and move in the joining direction while rotating in a state where the shoulder portion and the pin portion are inserted in the unjoined portion between the steel plates, so that the steel plate is caused by frictional heat.
  • a rotating tool that causes plastic flow by stirring the softened portion while being softened, a heating means that is provided in front of the rotating tool in the joining direction, and that heats the steel sheet, and realizes the following state 1
  • a friction stir that has a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.6 or less between the material of the rotary tool or the material coated on the surface of the rotary tool and the steel plate. Joining device.
  • T A1 is a temperature represented by the following formula (2).
  • T A1 (° C.) 723-10.7 [% Mn] ⁇ 16.9 [% Ni] +29.1 [% Si] +16.9 [% Cr] +290 [% As] +6.38 [% W] ⁇
  • Said [% M] is content (mass%) of M element in the steel plate which is a workpiece, and is set to 0 when not containing.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus according to [8], wherein the control unit controls the rotating tool and the heating unit so as to realize the following state 2.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus according to [11], further including a cooling unit that cools the joint, and the cooling unit is provided behind the rear heating unit in the joining direction.
  • the friction stirrer according to any one of [8] to [10], further including a cooling unit that cools a bonded portion of the steel plates, the cooling unit being provided at the rear in the bonding direction of the rotary tool. Joining device.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus according to [13], further including a rear heating unit that heats the joint, and the rear heating unit is provided behind the cooling unit in the joining direction.
  • the present invention it is possible to eliminate the plastic flow failure due to insufficient heating of the workpiece and improve the workability of the friction stir welding. Furthermore, a change in the microstructure around the heating region is also suppressed, and a high joint strength can be obtained at the joint.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram (top view and AA cross-sectional view) showing an example of a heating region in a preheating process, a cooling region and a reheating region in a process performed after bonding.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature and tensile strength of the steel plates to be joined by the friction stir welding method according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional dimension of the rotary tool.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welding apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the rotary tool is inserted into an unjoined portion between the steel plates and moved in the joining direction while rotating, and the frictional heat between the rotary tool and the steel plate is obtained. While the steel plates are softened by the above, the softened portion is stirred with a rotating tool to cause plastic flow, thereby joining the steel plates together.
  • the rotating tool includes a shoulder portion and a pin portion that is arranged on the shoulder portion and shares the rotation axis with the shoulder portion, and at least the shoulder portion and the pin portion are harder than the steel plate that is the workpiece. It is formed by the material.
  • reference numeral 1 is a rotary tool
  • 2 is a rotating shaft
  • 3 is a steel plate
  • 4 is a joint
  • 5 is a heating means
  • 6 is a cooling means
  • 7 is backward heating.
  • Means 8 a shoulder of the rotary tool
  • 9 a pin part of the rotary tool
  • 15 a control means.
  • ⁇ indicates the tilt angle of the rotating tool.
  • AS indicates an advancing side
  • RS indicates a retreating side.
  • the advancing side is defined as the side where the tool rotation direction and the joining direction coincide with each other
  • the retreating side is defined as the side where the tool rotation direction and the joining direction are opposite to each other.
  • the butted portion that is not yet joined just by butting the steel plates 3 is described as “unjoined portion”, and the portion joined and integrated by plastic flow is described as “joined portion”. To do.
  • a pre-heat treatment process for heating the steel plate 3 by the heating means 5 provided in front of the rotary tool 1 moving in the joining direction is important.
  • the conditions of the pre-heat treatment process will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram (top view and AA sectional view) showing an example of a heating region in a preheating process, a cooling region and a reheating region in a process performed after bonding.
  • the joining center line 10 indicates a straight line passing through the rotation axis 2 of the rotary tool 1 on the surface of the steel plate 3 and parallel to the joining direction.
  • the RS line 11 is a straight line parallel to the joining center line 10 and separated to the retreating side by the same distance as the maximum radius of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool, 12 is a heating area, and 13 is a cooling area.
  • 14 is a reheating region.
  • a indicates the diameter of the shoulder 8 of the rotary tool
  • b indicates the maximum diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool
  • X indicates the minimum distance between the heating region 12 and the rotary tool 1
  • D indicates the depth of the heating region 12.
  • T indicates the thickness of the steel plate 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature and tensile strength of the steel plates to be joined by the friction stir welding method according to this embodiment.
  • the steel plate 3 to be joined by the friction stir welding method of the present embodiment is generally about 30% strength at room temperature at a temperature of about 80% of TA1 , which is the transformation temperature of steel. It becomes. Moreover, when it becomes higher than this temperature, the intensity
  • T S ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ T A1
  • T A1 (° C.) of steel
  • T A1 (° C.) 723-10.7 [% Mn] ⁇ 16.9 [% Ni] +29.1 [% Si] +16.9 [% Cr] +290 [% As] +6.38 [% W] ⁇ (2) Said [% M] is content (mass%) of M element in the steel plate 3 which is a workpiece, and is set to 0 when not containing.
  • T S of the steel plate 3 in the heating region 12 does not increase excessively.
  • a temperature gradient (temperature variation on the surface) may exist on the surface of the heating region 12.
  • the high surface temperature is preferably 1.5 ⁇ T M ° C. or less.
  • the surface temperature of the steel plate 3 in the heating region 12 is less than T M ° C. before contacting the rotary tool 1 that passes through the heating region 12. Thereby, the damage of the rotary tool 1 and the alteration of the microstructure around the heating region 12 due to an excessive increase in the temperature of the joint 4 can be avoided.
  • T M (° C.) is the melting point of the steel plate 3 as the workpiece.
  • Minimum distance X between the heating region on the surface of the steel plate and the rotating tool less than the diameter of the shoulder of the rotating tool If the minimum distance X between the heating region 12 on the surface of the steel plate 3 and the rotating tool 1 becomes too large, heating is performed before joining. The temperature in the region 12 is lowered and the effect of preheating is not sufficiently obtained. For this reason, in the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment, the minimum distance X between the heating region 12 on the surface of the steel plate 3 and the rotary tool 1 moving in the joining direction is equal to or less than the diameter of the shoulder 8 of the rotary tool.
  • the minimum distance X between the heating region 12 and the rotating tool 1 becomes too small, the rotating tool 1 may be damaged by the heat of the heating means 5, so that it moves in the joining direction with the heating region 12 on the surface of the steel plate 3.
  • the minimum distance X to the rotating tool 1 is preferably 0.1 times or more the diameter of the shoulder 8 of the rotating tool.
  • the diameter of the shoulder 8 of the rotary tool in the present embodiment is, for example, about 8 to 60 mm.
  • the moving speed of the rotary tool 1 is preferably 200 mm / min or more and 3000 mm / min or less.
  • the area of the heating region on the surface of the steel sheet not more than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion of the rotating tool
  • the microstructure of the heating region 12 and its peripheral region changes.
  • the martensite is tempered to cause softening and greatly reduce the joint strength.
  • the area of the heating region 12 on the surface of the steel plate 3 is equal to or less than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool.
  • the area of the heating region 12 on the surface of the steel plate 3 is preferably 0.1 times or more the area of the maximum diameter portion in the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool.
  • the maximum diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool in this embodiment is, for example, about 2 to 50 mm.
  • the maximum diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool is the maximum diameter among the diameters obtained at the cut surface when one pin portion is cut in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the cross-sectional dimensions of the rotary tool.
  • the diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool when the diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool does not change along the axial direction, the diameter (4 mm in the figure) of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool is set to the diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool.
  • the maximum diameter may be used.
  • the largest diameter may be the maximum diameter of the pin portion 9 of the rotating tool. 4 indicates the probe length, and the probe length is calculated by the difference in height between the tip portion of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool and the highest position of the shoulder portion 8 of the rotary tool. Length.
  • the shape of the heating region 12 may be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse, or a rectangle.
  • the shape of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool is usually circular or elliptical.
  • the area of the heating region located between the joining center line and the RS wire 65% or more of the area of the heating region on the surface of the steel plate
  • the plastic flow starts from the advanced side As described above, along the rotational direction of the rotary tool 1, it passes through the joining direction front, the retreating side, and the joining direction rear, and the advanced side is the end point. Since the advanced side is the starting point of plastic flow, insufficient heating of the steel plate 3 as the workpiece is likely to occur. For this reason, when plastic flow is insufficient and defects occur, most of them occur on the advanced side. Therefore, on the surface of the steel plate 3, the advancing side is preferentially heated and the steel plate is softened to promote plastic flow, suppress the occurrence of defects, and increase the joining speed.
  • the dynamic friction coefficient between the material of the rotary tool 1 or the material coated on the surface of the rotary tool 1 and the steel plate 3 to be joined is 0.6 or less, it is between the rotary tool 1 and the steel plate 3.
  • the generated frictional heat and plastic flow are reduced.
  • the advanced side is a region that is a starting point of plastic flow in front of the rotary tool 1 and is a region where frictional heat between the rotary tool 1 and the steel plate 3 is greatly generated.
  • the dynamic friction coefficient tends to decrease in a high temperature state, if this part is heated to a high temperature by preheating, if the dynamic friction coefficient between the rotary tool 1 and the steel plate 3 is small, sufficient frictional heat generation cannot be obtained.
  • the dynamic friction coefficient between the material of the rotary tool 1 or the material coated on the surface of the rotary tool 1 and the steel plate 3 is 0.6 or less, 65% of the area of the heating region 12 on the surface of the steel plate 3.
  • the above is positioned between the junction center line 10 and the RS wire 11 parallel to the junction center line 10 to preferentially heat the retreating side. This promotes plastic flow on the retreating side, which is the middle of plastic flow, while ensuring frictional heat generation on the advanced side, which is the starting point of plastic flow, suppresses the occurrence of defects, and increases the joining speed. Can be planned.
  • the area range of the heating region 12 located between the bonding center line 10 and the RS line 11 is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and may be 100%.
  • the center of the heating region 12 is positioned between the RS line 11 and the straight line passing through the midpoint between the junction center line 10 and the RS line 11.
  • the center of the heating region 12 is positioned on the retreating side with respect to the bonding center line 10, and the distance from the center of the heating region 12 to the bonding center line 10 is set to 0 of the maximum radius in the pin portion 9 of the rotary tool. It is preferable to be 5 times or more and 1 time or less.
  • the steel plate 3 joined by the friction stir welding method of the present embodiment has a strength of about 30% of the strength at normal temperature at a temperature of about 80% of TA1 , which is the transformation temperature of the steel. Moreover, when it becomes higher than this temperature, the intensity
  • T A1 (° C.) can be obtained by the following formula (2).
  • T A1 (° C.) 723-10.7 [% Mn] ⁇ 16.9 [% Ni] +29.1 [% Si] +16.9 [% Cr] +290 [% As] +6.38 [% W] ⁇ (2) Said [% M] is content (mass%) of M element in the steel plate 3 which is a workpiece, and is set to 0 when not containing.
  • the strength of the steel plate 3 tends to decrease as the temperature rises if it exceeds 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C, it is preferable to adjust so that the temperature of the steel plate 3 in the heating region 12 does not rise too much.
  • the temperature in the thickness direction of the steel plate 3 in the heating region 12 is It is preferable that the temperature is lower than T M ° C. before contacting the rotary tool 1 passing through the heating region 12.
  • T M (° C.) is the melting point of the steel sheet 3 as the workpiece.
  • the depth D of the heating zone depth D of 30% of the thickness t or more heating region 12 of the steel sheet, the steel sheet in the region where the temperature T D in the thickness direction of the heating area 12 is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C. or higher 3 is defined by the maximum depth from the surface.
  • the depth D of the heating region 12 is preferably 30% or more of the thickness t of the steel plate 3. By setting the depth D of the heating region 12 to 30% or more of the thickness t of the steel plate 3, plastic flow is further promoted, which is advantageous for reducing the load applied to the rotary tool 1 and increasing the joining speed.
  • the depth D of the heating region 12 is more preferably 50% or more of the thickness of the steel plate 3.
  • the thickness D is preferably 90% or less of the thickness t of the steel plate 3.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus includes a control unit 15.
  • the control means 15 controls the operations of the rotary tool 1 and the heating means 5.
  • the control means 15 may control operations of the rear heating means 7 and the cooling means 6.
  • the heating means 5 used in the pre-heat treatment process is not particularly limited, but is preferably a laser heating device.
  • a laser having a high energy density as a heat source, it is possible to more accurately control the preheat treatment process conditions, and it is possible to improve the joining workability without impairing the joint characteristics.
  • the joining conditions other than those described above are not particularly limited.
  • the moving speed of the heating means 5 used in the pre-heat treatment process may be approximately the same as the joining speed.
  • the laser output and beam diameter may be suitably set according to joining conditions.
  • the cooling means 6 is disposed behind the rotating tool 1 moving in the joining direction.
  • the joint joint strength may be improved by providing the cooling means 6.
  • a cooling means 6 is provided behind the rotating tool 1 moving in the joining direction, and the joining portion 4 of the steel plate 3 is cooled by the cooling means 6 and the cooling rate is appropriately controlled. Strength can be improved.
  • a cooling device that ejects an inert gas is preferably used.
  • the cooling rate in this case is preferably 30 to 300 ° C./s in the range of 800 ° C. to 500 ° C., for example.
  • argon gas or helium gas can be used as the inert gas.
  • the hardenability of the steel plate 3 that is a work material is high, it may be excessively hardened and the toughness of the joint joint is lowered.
  • excessive heating is suppressed by providing a rear heating means 7 for heating a rear portion close to the rotary tool 1 at the rear in the joining direction of the rotary tool 1 and gradually cooling it while appropriately controlling the cooling rate.
  • the rear heating means 7 it is preferable to use, for example, a high-frequency induction heating or a heating device using a laser as a heat source.
  • the slow cooling rate is preferably 10 to 30 ° C./s in the range of 800 ° C. to 500 ° C., for example.
  • the rear heating means 7 may be provided behind the rotating tool moving in the joining direction and behind the cooling means 6, and the joined portion 4 of the steel plate 3 may be reheated by the rear heating means 7. Thereby, when the joining part 4 is quenched by cooling by the cooling means 6 and hardened excessively, the joint characteristics having both strength and toughness can be obtained by suppressing the hardness by tempering by the rear heating means 7.
  • the cooling rate in this case is preferably 30 to 300 ° C./s in the range of 800 ° C. to 500 ° C., for example, and the reheating temperature is preferably 550 to 650 ° C., for example.
  • a cooling means 6 may be provided behind the rotating tool 1 moving in the joining direction and behind the rear heating means 7, and the joint 4 of the steel plate 3 may be cooled by the cooling means 6.
  • the cooling rate in this case is, for example, about 10 to 30 ° C./s in the range of 800 ° C. to 600 ° C. (gradual cooling range), and then 30 to 30 ° C. in the range of 600 ° C. to 400 ° C. (rapid cooling range). It is preferably about 300 ° C./s.
  • the rotational speed of the rotary tool 1 is set in the range of 100 to 1000 rpm, the torque of the rotary tool 1 is suppressed, and the target is to increase the welding speed to 1000 mm / min or higher.
  • the torque of the rotary tool 1 is preferably suppressed to 90 N ⁇ m or less.
  • the torque of the rotary tool 1 is preferably suppressed to less than 75 N ⁇ m.
  • general structural steel and carbon steel for example, JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G 3106 welded rolled steel, JIS G 4051 for mechanical structure Carbon steel or the like can be used. It can also be applied to high-strength structural steel having a tensile strength of 800 MPa or more, and a strength of 85% or more of the tensile strength of the steel plate (base material), and further, a strength of 90% or more can be obtained at the joint 4.
  • Example 1 Friction stir welding was performed using a steel plate having a plate thickness of 1.6 mm and having a chemical composition and tensile strength shown in Table 1 below. The joint butt surfaces were joined in one pass on one side in a so-called I-shaped groove with no angle, and with a surface condition of the degree of milling. Table 2 shows the welding conditions of the friction stir welding.
  • the rotary tool having the cross-sectional dimensions shown in FIG. 4 (shoulder diameter a: 12 mm, pin portion maximum diameter b: 4 mm, probe length c: 1.4 mm) was used.
  • the rotary tool used in Example 1 is a rotary tool whose surface is coated with titanium nitride (TiN) by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using tungsten carbide (WC) as a raw material. At the time of bonding, the bonded portion was shielded with argon gas to prevent surface oxidation.
  • the coefficient of dynamic friction between the surface of the rotating tool of WC having a TiN coating treatment on the surface and the steel sheet was 0.6 or less.
  • the dynamic friction coefficient between the tool material surface and the steel plate was measured by the following measurement method. Using a ball-on-disk friction and wear tester, a disk made of the target material was pressed against a steel ball having a diameter of 6 mm while rotating with a load of 5 N, and the test was performed at a rotational speed of 100 mm / s and a sliding distance of 300 m. The test was performed at room temperature and without lubrication.
  • the steel ball used in the test is a steel ball made of a material having a chemical component of SUJ2 defined in JIS G 4805 and processed as a steel ball for bearings.
  • the steel plate I in Table 1 Prior to the bonding, in order to confirm the heating region by preheating using a laser as a heat source, the steel plate I in Table 1 was subjected to laser irradiation under the irradiation conditions (laser moving speed, laser output, and beam diameter) shown in Table 3. Light was irradiated and the surface temperature was measured by thermography. Furthermore, the cross section of the laser irradiation part was observed, and the microstructure was observed with a nital etchant.
  • laser moving speed, laser output, and beam diameter shown in Table 3.
  • the region having the transformation point (T A1 ° C) or higher is darkest, and is less than the transformation point (T A1 ° C) existing outside, but a high hardness structure such as martensite in the base material is tempered. Since the region is etched relatively thin, the region where the transformation point (T A1 ° C) or higher, the tempering region below the transformation point (T A1 ° C), and the base material region can be distinguished. is there. Furthermore, from the knowledge of heat treatment of steel, it is known that the tempering region below the transformation point (T A1 ° C) coincides with the region of 0.8 x T A1 ° C or more and less than T A1 ° C.
  • the depth D 0 of the region where the transformation point (T A1 ° C) or higher and the depth of the region where the temperature becomes 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher (of the heating region) Depth D) was measured.
  • the region of 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or more was a circular shape having a diameter of 3.5 mm. Since the maximum diameter of the pin portion of the rotating tool used here is 4.0 mm, the area of the heating region in the irradiation condition A is equal to or less than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion of the rotating tool.
  • the region of 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C. or higher was a circular shape having a diameter of 2.0 mm. Therefore, similarly to the above, the area of the heating region in the irradiation condition B is equal to or smaller than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion of the rotary tool.
  • the region of 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C. or higher was a circular shape with a diameter of 4.5 mm. Since the maximum diameter of the pin part of the rotary tool used here is 4.0 mm, the area of the heating region in the irradiation condition C exceeds the area of the maximum diameter part of the pin part of the rotary tool.
  • the region of 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C. or higher is an ellipse having a major axis in the laser moving direction and a minor axis in the direction perpendicular to the laser moving direction, the major axis is 3.8 mm, and the minor axis is 3. It was 2 mm. Since the maximum diameter of the pin portion of the rotating tool used here is 4.0 mm, the area of the heating region in the irradiation condition D is equal to or less than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion of the rotating tool.
  • the region where the temperature is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or more is an ellipse having a major axis in the laser moving direction and a minor axis in the direction perpendicular to the laser moving direction.
  • the major axis is 2.2 mm and the minor axis is 1. It was 8 mm. Therefore, similarly to the above, the area of the heating region under the irradiation condition E is equal to or smaller than the area of the maximum diameter portion of the pin portion of the rotary tool.
  • the region where the temperature is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or more is an ellipse having a major axis in the laser movement direction and a minor axis in the direction perpendicular to the laser movement direction.
  • the major axis is 4.9 mm and the minor axis is 4.1 mm. Met. Since the maximum diameter of the pin part of the rotary tool used here is 4.0 mm, the area of the heating region under the irradiation condition F exceeds the area of the maximum diameter part of the pin part of the rotary tool.
  • the depth of the region becomes T A1 ° C. or higher and the depth of the turned region D 0 and 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C. or higher
  • the depth (depth D of the heating region) was 0.28 mm and 0.30 mm, respectively. Since the thickness t of the steel plate as the workpiece is 1.6 mm, the depth D of the heating region, which is the depth of the region that is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher, is about the thickness t of the steel plate. 18.8%.
  • the depth D 0 of the region where T A1 ° C or higher and the depth of the region where 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher are 0.47 mm and 0, respectively. .50 mm. Since the thickness t of the steel plate as the workpiece is 1.6 mm, the depth D of the heating region is about 31.3% of the thickness t of the steel plate.
  • the depth D 0 of the region where T A1 ° C or higher and the depth of the region where 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher are 0.09 mm and 0, respectively. .10 mm. Since the thickness t of the steel plate that is the workpiece is 1.6 mm, the depth D of the heating region is about 6.3% of the thickness t of the steel plate.
  • the depth D 0 of the region where T A1 ° C or higher and the depth of 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher are 0.30 mm and 0, respectively. .32 mm. Since the thickness t of the steel plate as the workpiece is 1.6 mm, the depth D of the heating region, which is the depth of the region that is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher, is about the thickness t of the steel plate. 20.0%.
  • the depth D 0 of the region that is T A1 ° C or higher and the depth of the region that is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher are 0.51 mm and 0, respectively. .54 mm. Since the thickness t of the steel plate as the workpiece is 1.6 mm, the depth D of the heating region is about 33.8% of the thickness t of the steel plate.
  • the depth D 0 of the region that is T A1 ° C or higher and the depth of the region that is 0.8 ⁇ T A1 ° C or higher are 0.10 mm and 0, respectively. .11 mm. Since the thickness t of the steel plate as the workpiece is 1.6 mm, the depth D of the heating region is about 6.9% of the thickness t of the steel plate.
  • Table 5 shows preheating process conditions by laser irradiation performed before joining the workpieces
  • Table 6 shows process conditions performed after joining.
  • cooling by gas ejection was performed, and in the heating (and reheating), induction heating was performed.
  • Table 7 shows the measured value of the torque of the rotating tool when the joining is performed and the measured value of the tensile strength of the obtained joint.
  • the tensile strength of the joint joint is the result of taking a tensile test piece having the size of No. 1 test piece specified in JIS Z 3121 and conducting a tensile test. The greater the torque of the rotating tool, the lower the plastic fluidity and the more likely to cause defects.
  • Invention Examples 1 to 10 even when the joining speed was 400 mm / min, a joint strength of 90% or more of the tensile strength of the steel sheet as the base material was obtained.
  • the torque of the rotary tools of Invention Examples 1 to 10 was 72 N ⁇ m or less, and the plastic fluidity was also good.
  • Invention Examples 6, 7, and 8 in which only cooling / reheating or cooling was performed after joining, joint joint strength equivalent to the tensile strength of the base material was obtained.
  • Invention Examples 9 and 10 in which only heating / cooling or heating was performed after joining, a joint strength of 93% or more of the tensile strength of the base material was obtained.
  • Invention Examples 11 to 20 even when the joining speed is increased to 1000 mm / min, a joint strength of 85% or more of the tensile strength of the base material is obtained, and the torque of the rotary tool is 90 N ⁇ m. It was the following. In particular, in Invention Examples 16, 17, and 18 in which only cooling / reheating or cooling was performed after joining, a joint joint strength of 99% or more of the tensile strength of the base material was obtained. In Invention Examples 19 and 20, in which only reheating / cooling or reheating was performed after joining, a joint joint strength of 95% or more of the tensile strength of the base material was obtained.
  • Example 7 Friction stir welding was performed using a steel plate having a plate thickness of 1.6 mm and a chemical composition and tensile strength shown in Table 1 above. The joint butt surfaces were joined in one pass on one side in a so-called I-shaped groove with no angle, and with a surface condition of the degree of milling. The welding conditions for friction stir welding are shown in Table 2 above.
  • Example 2 the rotary tool having the cross-sectional dimensions (shoulder diameter a: 12 mm, pin portion maximum diameter b: 4 mm, probe length c: 1.4 mm) shown in FIG. 4 was used.
  • the rotary tool used in Example 2 is made of tungsten carbide (WC) as a raw material and is not subjected to coating treatment, and tungsten carbide (WC) is used as a raw material and is coated with titanium nitride (TiN) by physical vapor deposition (PVD).
  • the surface is made of tungsten carbide (WC), the surface is coated with aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN), or the material is cubic boron nitride (CBN). .
  • the bonded portion was shielded with argon gas to prevent surface oxidation.
  • the coefficient of dynamic friction between the surface of the rotating tool and the steel sheet is 0.7 when tungsten carbide (WC) is not used as a raw material, and titanium nitride (PVD) is used as titanium nitride (WC) as a raw material.
  • PVD titanium nitride
  • the dynamic friction coefficient between the tool material surface and the steel plate was measured by the same measurement method as in Example 1.
  • Table 8 shows the preheating process conditions by laser irradiation performed before joining the workpieces.
  • WC is a rotating tool that is not coated with tungsten carbide (WC) as a material
  • titanium nitride (TiN) is coated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) with tungsten carbide (WC) as a material
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • WC + TiN as the rotary tool
  • WC + AlCrN as the rotary tool coated with aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN) using tungsten carbide (WC) as the raw material
  • CBN cubic boron nitride
  • Example 2 the post-joining process was not performed.
  • “(AS)” and “(RS)” in the distance from the junction center line to the center of the heating region indicate that the center of the heating region is located on the advansing side and the retreating side from the junction center line, respectively.
  • Table 9 shows the measured values of the torque of the rotating tool and the measured values of the tensile strength of the obtained joints when bonding is performed.
  • the tensile strength of the joint joint is the result of taking a tensile test piece having the size of No. 1 test piece specified in JIS Z 3121 and conducting a tensile test. The greater the torque of the rotating tool, the lower the plastic fluidity and the more likely to cause defects.
  • Comparative Examples 15 and 16 the unbonded portion remained and bonding could not be performed. For this reason, in Comparative Examples 15 and 16, measurement of torque and the like of the rotary tool is not performed.
PCT/JP2017/036092 2016-10-11 2017-10-04 摩擦撹拌接合方法および装置 WO2018070316A1 (ja)

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