WO2018068100A1 - Matériau triboélectrique antimicrobien - Google Patents

Matériau triboélectrique antimicrobien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018068100A1
WO2018068100A1 PCT/AU2017/051113 AU2017051113W WO2018068100A1 WO 2018068100 A1 WO2018068100 A1 WO 2018068100A1 AU 2017051113 W AU2017051113 W AU 2017051113W WO 2018068100 A1 WO2018068100 A1 WO 2018068100A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antimicrobial
fibres
filtration material
triboelectric
wool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2017/051113
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English (en)
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WO2018068100A9 (fr
Inventor
Yuan Gao
Jurg Arthur Schutz
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Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
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Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2016904171A external-priority patent/AU2016904171A0/en
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Publication of WO2018068100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068100A1/fr
Publication of WO2018068100A9 publication Critical patent/WO2018068100A9/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1192—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with antimicrobial agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1615—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/064—The fibres being mixed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1225—Fibre length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/54—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur dioxide; with sulfurous acid or its salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/10—Animal fibres
    • D06M2101/12—Keratin fibres or silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/20—Polyalkenes, polymers or copolymers of compounds with alkenyl groups bonded to aromatic groups

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material, a method of preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material, a garment or device comprising an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material, or use of an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material as a respiratory filter.
  • antimicrobial treatments of textiles have attracted considerable attention in recent years, and it is estimated that antimicrobial textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors of the textile market.
  • the antimicrobial treatments serve to inhibit the growth of, or kill, microorganisms on the textile. This provides not only health and hygienic benefits to users of the textile, but also protects the textile from discoloration and physical deterioration that can arise from bacterial growth.
  • the antimicrobial should be effective against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species, but at the same time, exhibit low toxicity to consumers.
  • Textiles that have been treated with an antimicrobial find use in several applications, including, for example, respiratory filters, automotive textiles, home furnishings, medical textiles, clothing, and both domestic and commercial bedding materials (i.e. mattress protectors, bed sheets, pillow covers).
  • Such textiles may be knitted, woven or non-woven in nature.
  • Electrostatic charge may increase the particle collection efficiency of a textile, provided the charge is applied, stored and preserved inside the textile structure in a suitable manner. Electrostatic charge may be imparted onto a textile through triboelectric charging, in which certain materials become electrically charged after they come into frictional contact with a different material. The polarity and strength of the charges produced differs according to the properties of the material, and material may be approximately ranked on a "Triboelectric scale" in terms of its tendency to be positively or negatively charged.
  • the triboelectric material carries electric charges that attract airborne particles carried by an airflow passing through the material, so as to enhance filtration efficiency without increasing air flow resistance. That is, the electrostatic effects within the filtration material augment the mechanical capture of airborne particles and therefore achieve higher particle collection efficiencies, while maintaining a low resistance to air flow.
  • Triboelectric properties in filtration materials are extremely sensitive to disruption by even small amounts of incidental impurities or the presence of additive compounds. It is not possible to predict which compounds that are applied to specific triboelectric materials will result in a depletion of electrostatic charge for that material, and significant research and development is required to determine if any particular compound can be added to provide additional beneficial properties that also do not damage or degrade the electrostatic charge properties of the triboelectric material.
  • triboelectric filtration material that can also provide other beneficial properties such as antimicrobial properties while still being able to regenerate its electrostatic charge, for example after washing and/or drying, such that filtration performance is retained while still providing antimicrobial properties, or to at least provide the public with a useful alternative.
  • the present disclosure generally provides antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres that form a triboelectric charge in the material.
  • the triboelectric filtration material for example the blend or wool fibres, also comprises an antimicrobial agent consisting of at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC).
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compound
  • an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres that form a triboelectric charge in the material, and an antimicrobial agent consisting of at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC); wherein at least the wool fibres are impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent.
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compound
  • an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material consisting of a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres that form a triboelectric charge in the material; and an antimicrobial agent selected from at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), wherein at least the wool fibres are impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent; and other than any incidental impurities optionally one or more additives.
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compound
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is capable of maintaining elevated levels of electrostatic charge and exhibiting antimicrobial activity for a pre-determined time of at least six months.
  • the antimicrobial agent consists of PHMB.
  • the amount of PHMB in the material based on total weight % of the wool component may be at least 1.0 wt. % or at least 2.0 wt. %.
  • the antimicrobial agent consists of QAC.
  • the amount of QAC in the material based on total weight % of the wool component may be at least 5.0 wt. %.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may optionally comprise or further consist of one or more additives.
  • the one or more additives may be a non- charge depleting agent.
  • the non-charge depleting agent may be a lanolin, suint, inorganic dirt, vegetable matter on wool fibres (VM), rosin, pine sap, colourant, dye, fragrance, washing agent, knitting wax, paraffin, carnauba wax, lanolin, anionic fabric scouring agent, hydrocarbon alkane oil, or hydrocarbon alkene oil.
  • the non-charge depleting agent may also be a resin.
  • the one or more additives, if present in the material may be in a total amount based on total weight % of the material, of less than about 5 wt. %.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may optionally comprise or further consist of one or more incidental impurity.
  • the one or more incidental impurity may be an aliphatic fatty ester or ethoxylate, antistatic compound, texturizing agent, fabric softening agent, or lubricating agent
  • the antistatic compound may be a hydrophilic antistatic agent.
  • the one or more incidental impurities, if present in the material are in a total amount based on weight % of the material, of less than about 2 wt. %.
  • the amount of antimicrobial reduction according to AATCC Method 100 may be at least 90%.
  • the pressure drop (in Pa) across the material may be less than about 250 Pa.
  • the quality factor, Q at 0.15 ms "1 face velocity for a 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ potassium chloride particle size (Q0.3) measured using a PCFTI instrument may be at least about 22kPa _1 .
  • the quality factor, Qx, for a 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ potassium chloride particle size (0.0.3) measured using a PCFTI instrument may be at least about 55 nm (e.g., 55 ⁇ 10 "9 metres).
  • the quality factor, Q, at zero dust loading may be at least 3 times that of the value of the fully loaded antimicrobial filtration material.
  • the positively charged wool fibres are Bunte salt pre-treated wool fibres comprising the antimicrobial agent.
  • the Bunte salt pre-treated wool fibres may comprise or further consist of at least a portion of the wool fibres bearing at least one of -S-SO3 " and -S- S0 3 " Na + functionality. At least about 50% of the wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material may bear at least one of -S-SO3 " and -S0 3 " Na + functionality.
  • the ratio of total surface area of wool fibres to polypropylene fibres in the material may be in a range of 30:70 to 70:30.
  • the wool fibres and polypropylene fibres each independently have fibre diameters in the range of about 5 to 100 microns.
  • the wool fibres and polypropylene fibres each independently have individual fibre lengths of between about 10 to 150 mm.
  • the material is a fabric.
  • the material may be a woven fabric, a non-woven felt, a knitted fabric, or a fibrous composite structure.
  • the material may have a thickness of between about 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the material has a basis weight (gem 2 ) of between about 30 and 800 gem "2 , or a packing density of between about 0.8% and 40%.
  • the filtration efficiency is between about 25% and about 99.97%.
  • a fabric, garment or respirator device comprising the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material.
  • a respiratory filter or respiratory face mask comprising the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material.
  • an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material consisting of: a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres that form a triboelectric charge in the material; and an antimicrobial agent selected from at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), wherein at least the wool fibres are impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent; and the one or more additives are selected from non-charge depleting agents provided in a total amount based on total weight % of the material of less than about 5 wt.%; and the incidental impurities are selected from one or more charge depleting agents provided in a total amount based on total weight % of the material of less than about 2 wt. %.
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compound
  • an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material consisting of a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres that form a triboelectric charge in the material; and an antimicrobial agent selected from at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • PHMB quaternary ammonium compound
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compound
  • the wool fibres are impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent; and other than any incidental impurities optionally one or more additives selected from non-charge depleting agents, wherein the non-charge depleting agents are selected from lanolin, suint, inorganic dirt (e.g., Si0 2 ) vegetable matter on wool
  • VM lubricants
  • texturizing agents dyes, fabric softeners, fragrances, scouring agents, and washing agents
  • incidental impurities are selected from charge depleting agents, wherein the charge depleting agents are selected from spin finishers or residues, aliphatic esters or ethoxylates, antistatic compounds, texturizing agents, fabric softening agents, and lubricating agents.
  • the one or more non-charge depleting agents are provided in a total amount based on total weight % of the material of less than about 5 wt.% selected from lanolin, suint, inorganic dirt (e.g., Si0 2 ) vegetable matter on wool (VM), lubricants, texturizing agents, dyes, fabric softeners, fragrances, scouring agents, washing agents; and the one or more charge depleting agents are provided in a total amount based on total weight % of the material of less than about 2 wt. % selected from spin finishers or residues, aliphatic esters or ethoxylates, antistatic compounds, texturizing agents, fabric softening agents, and lubricating agents.
  • an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres, comprising applying an antimicrobial agent consisting of at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) to wool fibres to at least impregnate or coat the wool fibres with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent, and blending the wool fibres with polypropylene fibres to form an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material; or applying an antimicrobial agent consisting of at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) to a triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres to at least impregnate or coat the material with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent; wherein at least the wool fibres comprise untreated wool fibres
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises wool fibres that have initially undergone the pre-treatment process and polypropylene fibres that have not initially undergone the pre-treatment process.
  • the blend of untreated wool fibres and polypropylene fibres has initially undergone the pre-treatment process.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises the pre-treatment process comprising contacting the untreated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with a sulfate composition; and then contacting the resultant wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with a sulfite composition.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises the resultant wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres being rinsed between the contact with the sulfate composition and the contact with the sulfite composition.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises contacting the untreated wool fibres or blend of untreated wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with the sulfate composition in the presence of a surfactant.
  • the sulfate composition may comprise potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS).
  • the sulfite composition may comprise sodium sulfite.
  • the sodium sulfite may initially be adjusted to a pH or between about 8.0 and 8.5.
  • the surfactant may comprise Triton X-100.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises the pre-treatment process comprising finally rinsing the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with water and optionally drying.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises the pre-treatment process that results in at least a portion of the wool fibres bearing -S-S0 3 " functionality or wool fibres bearing -S-S0 3 ⁇ Na + functionality. At least about 50% of the wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material may bear -S-S0 3 " functionality or -S-S0 3 ⁇ Na + functionality.
  • the -S-S0 3 " functionality or -S-S0 3 " Na + may be detected by Fourier-transform infrared
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises the antimicrobial agent being applied at a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied at a pH of about 7.0.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material further comprises drying the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material to facilitate electrostatic re-charging.
  • an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material prepared according to any one or more embodiments or examples as described herein.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material according to any one or more embodiments or examples described herein, as a filter of particulates in a respiratory device, fabric, garment, carpet, drapes, bedding material, automotive fabric or material, or aircraft fabric or material.
  • the use of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is as a respiratory filter or respiratory face mask.
  • the present disclosure describes the following, various non-limiting embodiments, which relate to the surprising finding that pre-treated wool fibres at least impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial agent of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PH M B) and/or quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) can be blended with polypropylene fibres to provide a triboelectric filtration material that unexpectedly can regenerate its electrostatic charge, for example after washing and/or drying, such that filtration performance is retained while still providing antimicrobial properties.
  • PH M B polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • QACs quaternary ammonium compounds
  • the wool fibres essentially provide a positively chargeable fibre and the polypropylene fibres provide a negatively chargeable fibre, which for example enables an electrostatic capability to facilitate capture and filtration of airborne particulates.
  • triboelectric filtration materials it is unexpected for triboelectric filtration materials to exhibit high performance levels after being exposed to various additional agents. For example, many fabric treatment processes and fibre coatings commonly used in the treatment of wool disrupt the ability of the fibre to retain an electrostatic charge when blended with a particular compatible fibre, thereby deteriorating the wool fibres' effectiveness as a positively chargeable fibre in a triboelectric filter material.
  • triboelectric properties are highly sensitive to the presence of other agents and are readily damaged or degraded by the presence of even small amounts of additives or contaminants.
  • the present disclosure has identified that antimicrobial properties can be introduced in to the triboelectric material using PHMB and/or QAC, which can be impregnated or coated on the wool fibres and yet unexpectedly (and in contrast to many other various potentially suitable additives) the filtration material, at least according to some embodiments, not only retains its triboelectric properties, but also provides effective antimicrobial properties. Further, according to at least some embodiments, the antimicrobial compounds can retain at least some shrink resistance to the material. According to at least some embodiments the properties of the triboelectric material can be retained even after repeated washing and drying cycles. It has also been found that fibres impregnated or coated with PHMB and/or QAC, at least according to some embodiments, provide essentially no attributable toxicity, allergy or irritation upon contact to an individual.
  • wool fibre is intended to mean any fibre (whether used directly from the animal or twisted into a yarn or textile fibre) that is elastic and obtained from an animal such as a sheep.
  • wool fibre used in the specification is aimed at describing wool that is pre-treated according to the method provided to enable exhaustion with PHMB or QAC.
  • the wool fibres are Bunte salt pre- treated wool fibres.
  • untreated wool fibre denotes wool that is not pre- treated.
  • the term "reclaiming" used herein with respect to the electrostatic charge of the fibre is intended to mean that an electrostatic charge on the fibre prior to a washing and/or drying procedure is present after that procedure.
  • the term is not intended to be construed narrowly to mean that the level of charge, or the polarity of charge, or the distribution of charge, or any other charge-related characteristic is unchanged. While it is contemplated that there may be an increase or decrease or other alteration in the electrostatic charge, the medium nevertheless retains the ability to function as a filter.
  • electrostatic charge the intention is not to mean a permanent electrostatic charge.
  • the electrostatic charge is a "quasi- permanent" charge of the kind associated with electrets or otherwise highly charged materials.
  • triboelectric material refers to where an electrostatic charge is separated by some process and deposited by polarity onto two different types of materials, and a separation of charge can occur without electrical means, simply by an application of mechanical friction or during evaporation of a liquid from fibre surfaces. It is a type of contact electrification where certain materials become electrically charged following frictional contact with a different material. The polarity and strength of the produced charges may differ according to the various properties of the materials.
  • a triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres. It would be appreciated that, in terms of the triboelectric series, wool fibres can bear a relatively positive charge, whereas polypropylene fibres can bear a relatively negative charge. It is these charges on the surface of the fibres that can result in an electrostatic field across the triboelectric filter material, which aids to attract airborne particles carried by an airflow passing through the material, so as to enhance filtration efficiency without increasing air flow resistance.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be capable of maintaining elevated levels of electrostatic charge and exhibiting antimicrobial activity for a pre-determined time. That is, the antimicrobial filtration material may be capable of simultaneously maintaining elevated levels of electrostatic charge and exhibiting antimicrobial activity for a pre-determined time.
  • elevated levels of electrostatic charge it is meant that the levels of electrostatic charge are such that the
  • antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is capable of attracting airborne particles carried by an airflow passing through the filter material, so as to enhance filtration efficiency without increasing air flow resistance.
  • the pre-determined time is characterised typically by a tripling of penetration over a period of the first ten years.
  • the ratio of the total weight of wool fibre to polypropylene fibre in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be chosen according to any desired characteristic of the resultant filtration medium.
  • Blends of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may have a ratio of the total weight of wool fibres to
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may contain at least about 20, 30, 40, 50, 55, 60, 70 or 80%, by weight (wt. %), of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may contain less than about 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, or 30%, by weight (wt.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres in a ratio of the total weight of wool fibres to polypropylene fibres in the range of 50:50 to 70:30 (w/w).
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres containing less than about 70 wt. % of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises greater than about 50 wt. % of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • the ratio of the total surface area of wool fibre to polypropylene fibre in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be chosen according to any desired characteristic of the resultant filtration medium. Blends of wool fibres and
  • polypropylene fibres may have a ratio of the total surface area of wool fibre to polypropylene fibre in the range of about 20:80 to 80:20, 30:70 to 70:30, 40:60 to 60:40, or 55:45 to 45:55.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may contain at least about 20, 30, 40, 50, 55, 60, 70 or 80%, by total surface area, of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may contain less than about 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30%, by total surface area, of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • blends of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may have a ratio of the total surface area of wool fibres to polypropylene fibres in the range of about 50:50.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may contain at least 50%, by total surface area, of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may contain less than 60%, by total surface area, of wool fibres (the balance being polypropylene fibres).
  • Each wool fibre and polypropylene fibre may, independently, be of a particular diameter.
  • the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the fibres may be in the range of 5 to 100 ⁇ , 10 to 50 ⁇ , or 15 to 30 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres) of the fibres may be at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, or 150 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres) of the fibres may be less than about 200, 150, 100, 50, 40, 30, 20, or 10 ⁇ .
  • the diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values. In an embodiment, the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the fibres is at least about 15 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the fibres is in the range of about 15 to 30 ⁇ . In another embodiment, the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the fibres is less than about 30 ⁇ . In another embodiment, the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the fibres is in the range of about 20 to 24 ⁇ , or about 22 ⁇ .
  • Each wool fibre and polypropylene fibre may, independently, be of a particular length.
  • the average length (in millimetres, mm) of the fibres may be in the range of 5 to 200 mm, 20 to 100 mm, or 40 to 70 mm.
  • the average length (in millimetres) of the fibres may be at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, or 275 mm.
  • the average length of the fibres may be less than about 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, or 10 mm.
  • the average length of the fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges or values.
  • the average length (in millimetres) of the fibres is at least about 40 mm.
  • the average length of the fibres is in the range of about 40 to 70 mm.
  • the average length of the fibres is less than about 80 mm.
  • the average length of the fibres is about 60 mm.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material can be made into non-woven felt, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, or knitted fabric, comprising a plurality of fibres.
  • knitted fabric may be made by various known techniques involving worsted or woollen yarns and may be brushed or raised in order to augment the cover of the knitted structure, which can improve filtration performance.
  • the non-woven material is a felt, made by forming a fibre-web from carding or air-laying the fibre blend, which may furthermore be augmented in volume by cross-lapping, followed by various consolidation processes including a wet felting process (e.g. foulard, spun-lace) or a dry felting process (e.g.
  • a fibrous composite structure may include a felt with lofty core (to maximise electrostatic performance) and one or two high-density surfaces (to improve abrasion resistance), a combination of non-woven felt and woven fabric, a combination of non-woven felts and knitted fabric, a combination of woven and knitted fabric, multiple layer structures made of non- woven, woven or knitted layers, multiple layer structures comprising non-woven, woven or knitted outer layers with meltblown, electrospun or micro-fibre layers in between, multi-layer structures where individual layers are consolidated by needle- punching, multi-layer structures where individual layers are held together by sewing, gluing or thermal bonding, as would be understood by the person skilled in the art.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be of a particular thickness.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be in the range of about 0.5 to 200 mm, 1 to 100 mm, 2 to 50 mm, 3 to 20 mm, 4 to 10 mm, or 5 to 6 mm.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mm.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be less than about 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 20 10, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the triboelectric filter material is at least about 3 mm.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is less than about 10 mm.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is the range of about 4 to 10 mm.
  • the thickness (in millimetres) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is about 5 mm.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be of a particular basis weight.
  • the basis weight (in grams per square centimetre, g/cm 2 ) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be in the range of about 30 to 800 g/cm 2 , 40 to 500 g/cm 2 , 50 to 250 g/cm 2 , 60 to 150 g/cm 2 , or 70 to 100 g/cm 2 .
  • the basis weight (in grams per square centimetre, g/cm 2 ) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 100, 150, 250, 500 or 800 g/cm 2 .
  • the basis weight (in grams per square centimetre, g/cm 2 ) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be less than about 1000, 900, 800, 500, 250, 150, 100, 70, 60, 50 or 40 g/cm 2 .
  • the weight basis (in grams per square centimetre, g/cm 2 ) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in ranges or values at or within these values. In an embodiment, the basis weight (in grams per square centimetre, g/cm 2 ) is in the range of about 30 to 800 g/cm 2 .
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be of a particular packing density.
  • the packing density (representing the portion of the total volume in percent that is taken up by fibres of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material) may be in the range of 0.8 to 40%, 1.0 to 35%, 1.5 to 30%, 2 to 20%, 3 to 20%, or 3 to 10%.
  • the packing density (in percent) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 0.8, 1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 30, 35, or 40%.
  • the packing density (in percent) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be less than about 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 or 1%.
  • the packing density (in percent) of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in ranges or values at or within these values.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has a packing density (in percent) of less than about 15%.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has a packing density (in percent) of at least about 3%.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has a packing density (in percent) in the range of about 3 to 20%.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a pressure drop (in Pascals, Pa) across the material, when measured using PCFTI testing, and may be in the range of about 1 to 250 Pa, 2 to 100 Pa, 3 to 50 Pa, 4 to 20 Pa, or 5 to 10 Pa.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a pressure drop (in Pascals, Pa) across the material, when measured using PCFTI testing, of at least about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 Pa.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has a pressure drop (in Pascals, Pa) across the material, when measured using PCFTI testing, of less than about 10 Pa.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has a pressure drop (in Pascals, Pa) across the material, when measured using PCFTI testing, is in the range of about 5 to 10 Pa. In another embodiment, the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has a pressure drop (in Pascals, Pa) across the material, when measured using PCFTI testing, of at least about 5 Pa.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a particular Q. value.
  • the "Q factor” refers to the quality factor of the filtration material. Since filtration efficiency and pressure drop are both affected by properties such as fabric thickness or fabric density, it is generally useful to calculate the quality factor (Q factor) in units of kPa "1 (kilo-Pascal) as follows: In this equation, P denotes penetration, which is equal to (1 - FE/100), with FE denoting filtration efficiency in percent, ln() the natural logarithm, and ⁇ the pressure drop.
  • the quality factor, Q for purely mechanical nonwoven filter media without electrostatic charge has an upper ceiling value of approximately 20 kPa 1 for the 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ particle size bin (Q.0.3) if measured with this Particle Counter Filter Test Instrument (PCFTI).
  • the equivalent value for Qx is 55 10 ⁇ 9 m. It is fairly independent of fibre diameter (ranging from 100 nm to 50 ⁇ ) and packing density (within 3% to 20%) and provides therefore a general benchmark for filtration performance. Deviations of the quality factor, Q, from the ceiling value, if measured at a fixed face velocity, are due to compromises in evenness (accounting for a lower value) or the presence of electrostatic charge (leading to a higher value).
  • the quality factor, Q therefore allows comparisons to be made between different media in terms of the quality of the filtration medium (e.g. evenness) and strongly suppresses the influence of thickness, fabric weight, or packing density.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a Q value, when measured at 0.15 ms "1 face velocity for a 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ potassium chloride particle size (Q.0.3), and when measured using a PCFTI instrument, of at least about 20, 30, 50, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 or 450 kPa
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material according to the present invention may have a Q value, when measured at 0.15 ms "1 face velocity for a 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ potassium chloride particle size, and when measured using a PCFTI instrument, of less than about 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 80, 60, 50, 30 kPa "1 .
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material according to the present invention may have a Q value, when measured at 0.15 ms "1 face velocity for a 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ potassium chloride particle size, and when measured using a PCFTI instrument, in the range of about 15 to 500, 20 to 350, 25 to 150, 30 to 89 or 35 to 60 kPa "1 .
  • the Q value of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the Q value, when measured at 0.15 ms "1 face velocity for a 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ potassium chloride particle size, and when measured using a PCFTI instrument is at least about 30 kPa "1 .
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a quality factor, Q, at zero dust loading, of at least about 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20 times that of the quality factor, Q, of the fully loaded filtration material.
  • a fully loaded filtration material may be referred to as a clogged filtration material.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material according to the present invention may have a quality factor, Q, at zero dust loading, of between about 1.5 and 20, 2 and 15, 2.5 and 10, 3 and 8, or 4 and 5 times that of the quality factor, Q, of the fully loaded filtration material.
  • the quality factor, Q, of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values. In an embodiment, the quality factor, Q, at zero dust loading, is at least three times that of the value of the fully loaded filtration material.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a particular quality factor Q.
  • Filtration potential is a measure of the actual measured quality factor (Q actual) relative to the ceiling potential quality factor (Q ceiling potential):
  • Wool-polypropylene filter media typically reach ceiling values of 150-500 kPa "1 , depending on packing density and type of wool fibre used.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a filtration efficiency, FE, of at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98, 99, 99.5, 99.9, 99.95, or 99.97%.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may have a filtration efficiency, FE, in a range provided by any two of these previously mentioned values.
  • the filtration efficiency, FE, of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values. In an embodiment, the filtration efficiency, FE, of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is between 25 and 99.97%.
  • a non-woven process comprising carding and needle-punching may be used to manufacture the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material. This process provides considerable opportunity for triboelectric charging of the fibres.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres is produced using a small-scale manufacturing route consisting of fibre cleaning, blending and carding using a sample card, and finally, consolidation by needle punching.
  • the small size of the manufacturing route may allow processing of batch weights in a typical range of 100 to 150 grams. Across various sizes of carding machines with cross-lapper the processing range may span from 30 to 1500 g/m 2 basis weight for needle felts.
  • the batch weight for stand-alone cards is 50 - 500 grams depending on size of the machine used. Processing on a nonwovens line with cross- lapper is continuous and can reach 100 or several hundred kilograms per hour.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be tested both before and after washing to establish its ability to substantially reclaim triboelectric properties and filtration performance.
  • a number of methods are typically used in the industry for measuring particulate filtration performance, with one method being used herein for the examples.
  • Various analyses may be undertaken to quantitatively define filtration performance, in addition to those explicitly described herein. It is therefore to be understood that filtration performance may be established using methods other than those described herein with a view to demonstrating the reclamation of electrostatic charge, and therefore the ability to retain airborne particulates.
  • the filtration performance of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material before washing as compared with after washing may be greater than about 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98 or 99% for fine particles in the 0.3-0.5 ⁇ particle size range when utilising the performance measurement method described herein.
  • the performance is at least about 80% for fine particles in the 0.3-0.5 ⁇ particle size range when utilising the performance measurement method described herein.
  • This 80% performance satisfies the requirements for a PI performance rating (Committee SF/10 Respiratory Protection, AS/NZS 1716:1994 Respiratory Protective Devices, 1994, Standards Australia).
  • a nonwoven felt of 300-350 g/m basis weight is generally sufficient to achieve more than 94% filtration efficiency to satisfy the Class P2 rating according to AS/NZS 1716 or Class FFP2 rating according to EN 149:2001+A1 or filter class ISO 15 E according to ISO 29463-l:2011(E).
  • the washing and/or drying procedure employed may be a domestic laundering procedure, optionally followed by a domestic tumble drying procedure.
  • the washing process may be carried out at a water temperature of at least about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70 degrees Celsius (°C).
  • the washing process may be carried out at a water temperature less than about 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 or 20 degrees Celsius (°C).
  • the washing process may be carried out at a water temperature in the range of about 20 to 100, 25 to 90, 30 to 80, or 40 to 60 degrees Celsius (°C).
  • the washing process may be carried out in the presence of a domestic laundry detergent.
  • Detergents may for example comprise at least one of the following: a
  • the present material includes a synthetic polymeric fibre, i.e. polypropylene.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may also be resistant to shrinkage following the washing and/or drying procedure employed, for example, a domestic laundering procedure optionally followed by a domestic tumble drying procedure.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material following five washing and drying procedures according to ISO 6330:2000/AMD.l:2008(E) Textiles - Domestic Washing And Drying Procedures For Textile Testing, 2008, International Organization For Standardization (ISO), has a shrinkage of less than about 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 90% of the material size prior to the initial washing and drying procedure.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material following five washing and drying procedures according to ISO 6330:2000/AMD.l:2008(E) Textiles - Domestic Washing and Drying Procedures for Textile Testing, 2008, International Organization For Standardization (ISO), has a shrinkage in the range of about 2 to 90%, 5 to 75%. 7 to 50% or 10 to 25% of the material size prior to the initial washing and drying procedure.
  • ISO 6330:2000/AMD.l:2008(E) Textiles - Domestic Washing and Drying Procedures for Textile Testing, 2008, International Organization For Standardization (ISO) has a shrinkage in the range of about 2 to 90%, 5 to 75%. 7 to 50% or 10 to 25% of the material size prior to the initial washing and drying procedure.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material following five washing and drying procedures according to ISO 6330:2000/AMD.l:2008(E) Textiles - Domestic Washing and Drying Procedures for Textile Testing, 2008, International Organization For Standardization (ISO), has a shrinkage of less than about 10% of the material size prior to the initial washing and drying procedure.
  • ISO 6330:2000/AMD.l:2008(E) Textiles - Domestic Washing and Drying Procedures for Textile Testing, 2008, International Organization For Standardization (ISO) has a shrinkage of less than about 10% of the material size prior to the initial washing and drying procedure.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material finds application in several areas, including, for example, particle filter components for respirator canisters, cartridges or (clip-on) modules; particle barriers made from nonwovens, wovens (optionally raised) or knits (optionally brushed), including facial masks, respirator masks (up to FFP3, P3 or N100 ratings), scarfs, bandannas, shrouds, head coverings, ponchos, jackets, shirts with collars, and turtle-neck shirts; highly fire-resistant masks for fire-fighting; odour suppressing socks, t-shirts, and undergarments; allergen- suppressing or allergen-locking furnishings, including carpets, curtains, bed covers, pillows, sofa coverings, and fabrics for chairs; vacuum cleaner bags, vacuum cleaner filter cartridges or panels, vacuum cleaner outlet filters (replacing micro-filters), outlet pre-filters for extraction systems in hazardous environments (e.g., asbestos removal), inlet filters for snorkel systems, pre-filters for fume cabinets, and filters
  • antimicrobial/antiviral/antifungal media and applications e.g., in conjunction with photoactive titanium-dioxide particles
  • particle-scavenging garments or undergarments for physical containment laboratories used in conjunction with protective coveralls or full protective suits.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is particularly (although not exclusively) applicable as a filter of particulates in a respiratory device.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material has been shown to provide high filtration efficiency of particulates, and at least according to some embodiments at
  • the triboelectric filtration material may be used as a filter of particulates in a respiratory mask.
  • the triboelectric filtration material may be used as a filter of particulates in a respiratory device that is incorporated into a garment.
  • This may be, for example, an additional segment of fabric incorporated into an item of clothing that can be positioned over the mouth and/or nose of the wearer, so as to filter particulates during respiration.
  • the clothing item may be, for example, a shirt, wherein the segment of fabric is incorporated into the collar, and can be positioned over the mouth and/or nose of the wearer, so as to filter particulates during respiration.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is applicable as a filter of particulates in any one or more of the following: fabric, garment, carpet, drapes, bedding material, automotive fabric or material, or aircraft fabric or material. They can be used for air-conditioning or other high-flow applications as frame-mounted filter bags or with wire-mesh support in pleated filter panels.
  • a triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres.
  • the wool fibres can provide the positively charged fibres.
  • the wool fibres may be obtained from pre-treatment of wool according to the methods provided. Suitable wool can be from any animal, for example sheep, goats, alpacas, muskoxen, rabbits and camelids.
  • the wool fibres of the triboelectric filter material may be from a single animal, for example, sheep wool fibres.
  • the wool fibres of the triboelectric filter material may be a blend of any one or more wool fibres, for example, sheep and goat wool fibres, sheep and alpaca wool fibres, or goat and alpaca fibres.
  • the wool fibres may also be a blend of fibres from one or more animals, for example, a blend of sheep and goat wool fibres.
  • the wool fibres of the triboelectric filter material are sheep wool fibres.
  • Each untreated wool fibre may be of a particular diameter.
  • the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of un-treated wool fibres may be in the range of about 5 to 100 ⁇ , 10 to 50 ⁇ , or 15 to 30 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of untreated wool fibres may be at least about 10, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 50, or 75 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of untreated wool fibres may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 30, or 25 ⁇ .
  • the untreated wool fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values. In an embodiment, the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of untreated wool fibres is at least about 15 ⁇ .
  • average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of untreated wool fibres is in the range of about 15 to 30 ⁇ . In another embodiment, average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of untreated wool fibres is in the range of about 20 to 24 ⁇ , or about 22 ⁇ .
  • Each untreated wool fibre may be of a particular length.
  • the average length (in millimetres, mm) of untreated wool fibres may be in the range of 5 to 200 mm, 20 to 100 mm, or 40 to 70 mm.
  • the average length (in millimetres, mm) of untreated wool fibres may be at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 100, 125, 150, 175, or 200 mm.
  • the average length (in millimetres, mm) of untreated wool fibres may be less than 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, 40, 30 or 20 mm.
  • the untreated wool fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the average length (in millimetres, mm) of untreated wool fibres is at least about 40 mm. In another embodiment, the average length (in millimetres, mm) of untreated wool fibres is in the range of about 40 to 70 mm. In another embodiment, the average length (in millimetres, mm) of untreated wool fibres is about 60 mm.
  • Each untreated wool fibre may be of a particular crimp.
  • Reference to wool "crimp" refers to the waviness of the wool fire, particularly the bends along the length of the wool fibre. Crimp is measured in crimps per centimetre. Fine wools have more crimps per unit length of the wool fibre, whereas coarser wools have less crimps per unit length of the wool fibre.
  • the average crimp of untreated wool fibres may be in the range of about 1 to 20, 2 to 15, 3 to 10, 4 to 8, or 5 to 6, crimps per centimetre length of untreated wool fibre.
  • the average crimp of untreated wool fibres may be at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20, crimps per centimetre length of the fibre.
  • the average crimp of the untreated wool fibre may be less than about 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 8, 6, or 4, crimps per centimetre length of the fibre.
  • the untreated wool fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values. It will be appreciated that a range of crimp frequencies and crimp-depths can be tolerated for carding; although uniformity and well-expressed crimp provide particular advantages.
  • a triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres.
  • the polypropylene fibres can provide the negatively charged fibres.
  • Polypropylene (PP) also referred to as polyprene, is a thermoplastic polymer made from repeating propylene monomers:
  • Each polypropylene fibre may be of a particular diameter.
  • the average diameter (in micrometres, ⁇ ) of the polypropylene fibres may be in the range of about 5 to 100 ⁇ , 10 to 50 ⁇ , or 15 to 30 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres) of the polypropylene fibres may be at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 50, 75, 125, 150, or 175 ⁇ .
  • the average diameter (in micrometres) of the polypropylene fibres may be less than about 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, 30, 25 or 20 ⁇ .
  • the polypropylene fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the average diameter (in micrometres) of the polypropylene fibres is at least about 15 ⁇ . in another embodiment, the average diameter (in micrometres) of the polypropylene fibres in the range of about 15 to 30 ⁇ . In another embodiment, the average diameter (in micrometres) of the polypropylene fibres is in the range of about 22 to 24 ⁇ , or about 22 ⁇ .
  • Each polypropylene fibre may be of a particular length.
  • the average length (in millimetres, mm) of the polypropylene fibres may be in the range of 5 to 200 mm, 20 to 100 mm, or 40 to 70 mm.
  • the average length (in millimetres) of the polypropylene fibres may be at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, or 275 mm.
  • the average length (in millimetres) of the polypropylene fibres may be less than about 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50m 30, 25, or 20 mm.
  • the polypropylene fibres may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the average length (in millimetres) of the polypropylene fibres is at least about 40 mm. In another embodiment, the average length (in millimetres) of the polypropylene fibres is in the range of about 40 to 70 mm. In another embodiment, the average length (in millimetres) of the polypropylene fibres is about 60 mm.
  • Each polypropylene fibre may be of a particular crimp.
  • Reference to polypropylene "crimp" refers to the waviness of the polypropylene fire, particularly the bends along the length of the polypropylene fibre. Crimp is measured in crimps per centimetre. Fine polypropylene fibres have more crimps per unit length of the polypropylene fibre, whereas coarser polypropylene fibres have less crimps per unit length of the polypropylene fibre.
  • the average crimp of the polypropylene fibres may be in the range of 1 to 20, 2 to 15, 3 to 10, 4 to 8, or 5 to 6, crimps per centimetre length of polypropylene fibre.
  • the average crimp of the polypropylene fibres may be at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 or 20, crimps per centimetre length of polypropylene fibre.
  • the average crimp of the polypropylene fibres may be less than about 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 8, 5, 4 or 3, crimps per centimetre length of polypropylene fibre.
  • the polypropylene fibres may be provided in ranges or values at or within these values.
  • the polypropylene fibres may comprise other polymeric fibres.
  • the polypropylene fibres may comprise a portion of polypropylene amide fibres (i.e., a blend of polypropylene and polypropylene amide fibres). That is, the blend of wool and polypropylene fibres that form the triboelectric filtration material may include wool and a blend of polypropylene fibres and other polymer fibres (e.g.,
  • polypropylene amide fibres may comprise any portion of other polymeric fibres so long as when blended with wool, a triboelectric filtration material forms due to the charge association.
  • Polyhexamethylene biguanide also referred to as polyhexanide, is heterodisperse mixture of polyhexamethylene biguanides with an average molecular weight of approximately 2500 Daltons (Da), and is a polymer of (C 8 Hi 7 N 5 ) n according to the following structure:
  • PHMB is a strong, fast acting, and broad spectral antimicrobial agent exhibiting antimicrobial properties, including antiviral and antifungal properties, with low toxicity to humans.
  • antimicrobial agent refers to an agent that is active against microbes.
  • an antimicrobial agent may inhibit the replication of microbes.
  • a microbe refers to a microorganism that is capable of causing disease, and includes, for example, bacteria, viruses and fungi.
  • the safety of PHMB has been well established, as it has been used as a disinfectant in the food industry, for sanitisation of swimming pools, and has been explored as a biocide in mouth washes and wound dressings.
  • PHMB exerts its bactericidal activity by impairing the integrity of the cell bacteria membrane.
  • PHMB cationic charge of PHMB that interacts with the bacteria cell wall, leading to bacteria death.
  • the attachment of PHMB to textile substrates can be through both ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the cationic PHMB and a fibre surface.
  • PHMB is sold under various trade names, including Vantocil ® (20% w/w solution).
  • the PHMB may be selected from a commercial grade PHMB. While antimicrobial properties of PHMB are known, there are no known textiles consisting of PHMB with both antimicrobial and triboelectric properties.
  • the fibres of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) may be in the range of about 0.1 to 100 wt.%, 0.5 to 75 wt.%, 1 to 50%, 2 to 20%, or 3 to 10 wt.%.
  • antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) may be at least about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 75 wt.%.
  • the amount of PHMB in the triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 or 1 wt. %.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) is at least about 0.1 wt. %. In an embodiment, the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt. %) is between about 1 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.
  • the wool fibres of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB. That is, the wool fibres may be separately impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB prior to being blended with the polypropylene fibres.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt.%) may be in the range of about 0.1 to 100 wt.%, 0.5 to 75 wt.%, 1 to 50%, 2 to 20%, or 3 to 10 wt.%.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt.%) may be at least about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 75 wt.%.
  • the amount of PHMB in the triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt.%) may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 or 1 wt. %.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt. %) is at least about 0.1 wt. %. In an embodiment, the amount of PHMB in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt. %) is between about 1 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.
  • PHMB may provide a non-toxic and/or non-irritant antimicrobial agent to the material.
  • QACs Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  • Quaternary ammonium salt compounds have been shown to have good antimicrobial and/or disinfectant activity.
  • QACs carry a positive charge at the nitrogen atom in solution, and inflict a variety of detrimental effects on microbes, including damage to cell membranes, denaturation of proteins and disruption of the cell structure.
  • quaternary ammonium salt compound refers to complexes of a quaternary ammonium compound and a counter-ion.
  • the salts may be organic or inorganic salts of the quaternary ammonium compound.
  • the quaternary ammonium compound comprises at least one amino group, and accordingly acid addition salts can be formed with this amino group.
  • Exemplary salts include, but are not limited, to sulfate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, lactate, salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, tannate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p- toluenesulfonate, and pamoate (i.e., l,l'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)) salts.
  • pamoate i.e., l,l'-methylene-bis
  • An acceptable salt may involve the inclusion of another molecule such as an acetate ion, a succinate ion or other counter-ion.
  • the counter-ion may be any organic or inorganic moiety that stabilizes the charge on the quaternary ammonium compound.
  • an acceptable salt may have more than one charged atom in its structure. Instances where multiple charged atoms are part of the acceptable salt can have multiple counter ions. Hence, an acceptable salt can have one or more charged atoms and/or one or more counter-ion.
  • the salt may be selected from a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the QACs that exhibit antimicrobial and/or disinfectant activity include, but are not limited to, those that contain long alkyl chains.
  • Examples of QACs that exhibit antimicrobial and/or disinfectant activity include, but are not limited to, 3- trimethoxysilylpropyldimethylactadecyl ammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride,
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of benzalkonium chloride. In one example, the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of cetylpyridinium chloride. While antimicrobial properties of QACs are known, there are no known textiles consisting of QAC with both antimicrobial and triboelectric properties.
  • the fibres of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of one or more QACs.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) may be in the range of about 0.1 to 99 wt.%, 0.5 to 75 wt.%, 1 to 50%, 2 to 20%, or 3 to 10 wt.%.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) may be at least about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 75 wt.%.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 or 1 wt. %.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt.%) is at least about 5 wt. %.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the material (wt. %) is between about 1 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.
  • the wool fibres of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of QACs. That is, the wool fibres may be separately impregnated or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of QACs prior to being blended with the polypropylene fibres.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt.%) may be in the range of about 0.1 to 99 wt.%, 0.5 to 75 wt.%, 1 to 50 wt.%, 2 to 20 wt.%, or 3 to 10 wt.%.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt.%) may be at least about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 75 wt.%.
  • the amount of QACs in the triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt.%) may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 or 1 wt. %.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt. %) is at least about 0.1 wt. %. In an embodiment, the amount of QACs in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the wool fibres in the material (wt. %) is between about 1 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.
  • An advantage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material when impregnated or coated with QACs is that QACs may provide a non-toxic and/or non-irritant antimicrobial agent to the material.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric material comprises a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres. Accordingly, one or both of the fibres may be impregnated and/or coated with the antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB and/or QAC.
  • the wool fibres are impregnated and/or coated with the antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB and/or QAC.
  • the polypropylene fibres are impregnated and/or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB and/or QAC.
  • both the wool fibres and the polypropylene fibres are impregnated and/or coated with an antimicrobial effective amount of PHMB and/or QAC.
  • PHMB and QAC when impregnated and/or coated onto the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material, allow for the triboelectric filtration properties of the material to be maintained. That is, PHMB and QAC do not result in a depletion of the triboelectric charge so much that the triboelectric charge is lost and filtering ability is compromised.
  • the impregnation and/or coating of the triboelectric filtration material with alternative and/or additional antimicrobial agents may results in the depletion of the triboelectric charge.
  • the PHMB and/or QAC antimicrobial agents are the sole antimicrobial agents impregnated and/or coated onto the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material. That is, no other antimicrobial agents may be impregnated and/or coated onto the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is impregnated and/or coated with PHMB as the sole antimicrobial agent.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is impregnated and/or coated with QAC as the sole antimicrobial agent.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is impregnated and/or coated with a combination of PHMB and QAC as the sole antimicrobial agents.
  • the antimicrobial agents may be present in any ratio so as to provide an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (i.e., to have antimicrobial efficacy).
  • the amount of PHMB and QAC impregnated and/or coated onto the triboelectric filtration material may be in a ratio of about 5:95, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, or 95:5 of PHMB/QAC.
  • the wool and/or polypropylene fibres may contain one or more additives for imparting various processing or textile properties that may harm or degrade the triboelectric properties of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material.
  • Such an additive does not contribute to the triboelectric charge of the filtration material, nor does in contribute to the antimicrobial activity of the filtration material.
  • the additives may be charge or non-charge depleting agents.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of one or more additives.
  • the additive may be present in a total amount of several percent, on a weight basis of the material (wt. %), but it may be desirable to keep levels of such agents low for other reasons such as enticing or hygienic reasons.
  • the total amount of additive in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt.
  • the total amount additive in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 wt.%.
  • the total amount of additive in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt. %) may be in the range of about 0.1 to 99 wt.%, 0.5 to 75 wt.%, 1 to 50 wt.%, 1.5 to 25 wt.%, 2 to 10 wt.% or 3 to 5 wt.%.
  • the total amount additive in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 wt.%.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of one or more charge-depleting agents or non-charge depleting agent.
  • the triboelectric charge of the material is not depleted or substantially degraded by the presence of the non-charge depleting agent.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a non-charge depleting agent.
  • non-charge- depleting agents include those present on the fibre prior to any treatment, such as lanolin, suint, inorganic dirt (e.g., Si0 2 ), and vegetable matter on wool fibres (VM).
  • non-charge depleting agents also include those deliberately imparted onto the fibre during treatment, such as rosins, pine saps, colourants, dyes, fragrances, washing agents, knitting waxes, paraffins, natural products including carnauba waxes or lanolins, anionic fabric scouring agents, hydrocarbon alkane oils, and hydrocarbon alkene oils.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of lanolin. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of suint. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of inorganic dirt (e.g., Si0 2 ). In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of vegetable matter on wool fibres (VM). In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a rosin. In one
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a pine sap. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a colourant. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a dye. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a fragrance. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a washing agent. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a knitting wax. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a paraffin. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a carnauba wax.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a lanolin. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of an anionic fabric scouring agent. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a hydrocarbon alkane oil. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a hydrocarbon alkene oil. Examples of non-charge depleting agents also include resins. Such resins may impart a specific technical effect onto the fabric, for example, shrink-proof and shrink- resistance properties. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a shrink-proof resin.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of shrink-resistant resin.
  • a shrink-proofing resin that is particularly useful on the triboelectric filtration material is polyamide-epichlorohydrin polymer.
  • Such a polyamide-epichlorohydrin polymer is also referred to as “superwash”, and is sold commercially as "Hercosett". Wool fibres may be subjected to polyamide-epichlorohydrin polymer as part of a chlor-Hercosett treatment, typically employed to impart shrink-proof properties onto the fibre.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a polyamide- epichlorohydrin polymer.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of Hercosett.
  • An example of a shrink-resistant resin that is particularly useful on the triboelectric filtration material is a self-crosslinking acrylic latex.
  • a self-crosslinking acrylic latex is that sold commercially by Rohm and Haas as "Primal HA8".
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a self-crosslinking acrylic latex.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of Primal HA8.
  • the total amount of the non-charge depleting agent in the wool fibre, polypropylene fibre, or the triboelectric filtration material may be in an amount that is effective for processing, e.g. carding or fibre delivery systems in general.
  • the non- charge depleting agent may be present in a total amount of several percent, on a weight basis of the material (wt. %), but it may be desirable to keep levels of such agents low for other reasons such as enticing or hygienic reasons.
  • the total amount of non-charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt.
  • the total amount of non-charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 wt.%.
  • the total amount of non-charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5 wt.%.
  • the total amount of non-charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt. %) may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the total amount of non-charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material is less than 5 wt.%.
  • the triboelectric charge of the material is partially or completely depleted or degraded by the presence of the charge depleting agent.
  • the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a charge depleting agent. It will be appreciated that any incidental charge depleting agents is present at a low level, and levels of such agents can be reduced for example by aqueous scouring prior to forming the material, or by recharging during drying.
  • charge depleting agents examples include spin finishers or residues from processing belonging to the broader chemical groups of aliphatic fatty esters or ethoxylates, antistatic compounds, texturizing agents, fabric softening agents, and lubricating agents.
  • the charge depleting agents may be hydrophilic antistatic agents, particularly those that can be removed effectively by aqueous scouring.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a spin finisher.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of an aliphatic ester compound.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of an ethoxylate compound.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of an antistatic compound. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a texturizing agent. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a fabric softening agent. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a lubricating agent. In one embodiment, the triboelectric filtration material comprises or consists of a hydrophilic antistatic agent.
  • the charge depleting agent may be present in a total amount of several percent, on a weight basis of the material (wt. %), and it is desirable to keep levels of such agents low for maintaining the charge of the triboelectric filtration material.
  • the total amount of charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt. %) may be in the range of about 0.1 to 99 wt.%, 0.5 to 75 wt.%, 1 to 50 wt.%, 1.5 to 25 wt.%, 2 to 10 wt.% or 3 to 5 wt.%.
  • the total amount of charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may be at least about 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 wt.%.
  • the total amount of charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt. %) may be less than about 100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5 wt.%.
  • the total amount of charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt. %) may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values. In one example, the total amount of charge depleting agent in the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material based on the total weight percentage of the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material (wt. %) is less than 5 wt.%.
  • Fibres for triboelectric filtration materials preferentially have any charge depleting agents removed from the fibre surface before the triboelectric charge is applied. If the charge depleting agents are not sufficiently removed from the fibres, there may be a reduced or no triboelectric enhancement of filtration performance. The charge depleting agents if present in the fibres may be removed or substantially reduced by pre-treatment, for example by washing.
  • the present disclosure also provides methods for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of positively charged wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres, comprising:
  • an antimicrobial agent consisting of at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) to wool fibres to at least impregnate or coat the wool fibres with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent, and blending the wool fibres with polypropylene fibres to form an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material; or
  • an antimicrobial agent consisting of at least one of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) to a triboelectric filtration material comprising a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres to at least impregnate or coat the material with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent;
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compound
  • the wool fibres used in the triboelectric filtration material may be carbonised or scoured wool fibres. Such processes serve to remove organic matter from the surface of the wool fiber, such as waxes and vegetable matter.
  • the fibres may be additionally cleaned by applying any one or more of detergent in water, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, or methanol.
  • the wool fibres used in the triboelectric filtration material may be directly used once obtained from the animal.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of positively charged scoured wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres.
  • the triboelectric filtration material comprises a blend of positively charged carbonised wool fibres and negatively charged polypropylene fibres.
  • the wool fibres have initially undergone the pre-treatment process. That is, the wool fibres, prior to blending with the polypropylene fibres, are pre-treated. In an embodiment, the blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres has initially undergone the pre-treatment process. That is, the wool fibres and
  • polypropylene fibres are blended and the blend is then pre-treated. It is therefore possible that, in a triboelectric filtration material comprising wool and polypropylene fibres, the wool fibres have alone been subjected to the pre-treatment process.
  • both the wool fibres and polypropylene fibres have been subjected to the pre-treatment process.
  • the pre-treatment process comprises contacting the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with a sulfate composition, and then contacting the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with a sulfite composition.
  • wool fibres are contacted with a sulfate composition, and then contacted with a sulfite composition.
  • the blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres is contacted with a sulfate composition, and then contacted with a sulfite composition.
  • the pre-treatment process serves to install Bunte salts on the surface of the wool fiber.
  • a Bunte salt typically is an -S-SO3 " functional group, which is generally installed as the sodium salt (i.e., -S-SO3 " Na + ). It will be understood that the Bunte salt may be installed in a form other than the sodium salt, so long as -S-SO3 " is present on the surface of the wool fibre. Accordingly, the surface of the wool fibre bears such functional groups (i.e., wool-S-S0 3 " Na + or wool-S-S0 3 " ).
  • the presence of Bunte salts on the surface of the wool fibre may result in greater adherence or exhaustion of the antimicrobial agent, for example PHMB or a QAC, to the triboelectric filtration material. Further advantageously, the presence of Bunte salts on the surface of the wool fibre may result in decreased wash-out of the antimicrobial agent, for example PHMB or a QAC, from the triboelectric filtration material.
  • the antimicrobial agent may remain associated with the surface of the wool fibre when the triboelectric filtration material is subjected to washing for a greater number of wash cycles in comparison to a wool fiber treated with an antimicrobial agent, for example PHMB or a QAC, in the absence of Bunte salts on the surface of the wool fibres (i.e., not having been subjected to the pre-treatment process). Therefore, the pre-treatment process may advantageously provide a triboelectric filtration material that exhibits greater adherence to or exhaustion onto the antimicrobial agent for a longer duration, particularly when the triboelectric filtration material is subjected to wash cycles.
  • an antimicrobial agent for example PHMB or a QAC
  • the pre-treatment process results in at least a portion of the wool fibres bearing -S-S0 3 " functionality or wool fibres bearing -S-S0 3 " Na + functionality.
  • the amount of wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material bearing Bunte salts may be in the rage of about 5 to 95%, 20 to 80%, 30 to 70%, or 40 to 60%.
  • the amount of wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material bearing Bunte salts may be at least about 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 95%.
  • the amount of wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material bearing Bunte salts may be less than about 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, or 50%.
  • the amount of wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material bearing Bunte salts is at least about 50%.
  • the amount of wool fibres in the triboelectric filtration material bearing Bunte salts may be provided in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the presence of Bunte salts on the surface of the wool fibre may be detected by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTI ).
  • the two-part pre-treatment process consists of an initial oxidation step, followed by a subsequent reduction step.
  • the sulfate composition is used in the pre- treatment process may be any sulfate composition capable of effecting such an oxidation step.
  • the sulfate composition is potassium
  • the subsequent reduction step of the pre-treatment process may be effected by any sulfite composition capable of effecting such a reduction step.
  • the sulfite composition is sodium sulfite.
  • the sulfite composition is initially adjusted to a pH of between about 6 .0 and about 10.0, preferably between about 7.0 and about 9.0, more preferably between about 8.0 and about 8.5.
  • the concentration of the sulfate composition and the sulfite composition used in the pre-treatment process are such that the Bunte salts are installed onto the surface of the wool fiber, as would be understood by the person skilled in the art.
  • the pre-treatment process may optionally include a rinsing step.
  • the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres are rinsed between the contact with the sulfate composition and the contact with the sulfite composition. This rinsing may occur with water, and serves to remove excess sulfate from the fibres prior to contacting the fibres with the sulfite composition.
  • the pre-treatment process may optionally comprise the use of a surfactant.
  • polypropylene fibres with the sulfate composition occurs in the presence of a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is Triton X-100.
  • the pre-treatment process may optionally comprise finally rinsing the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres bearing the Bunte salt, with water.
  • the rinsed wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres bearing the Bunte salt may then be optionally dried prior to adhesion or exhaustion of the antimicrobial agent onto the triboelectric filtration material.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material may next include either of (1) blending the pre-treated wool fibres with polypropylene fibres to form an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material, and then applying the antimicrobial agent to the triboelectric filtration material to at least impregnate or coat the wool fibres with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent, or (2) applying the antimicrobial agent to the wool fibres alone to at least impregnate or coat the wool fibres with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent, and then blending the wool fibres with polypropylene fibres to form an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material.
  • the method for preparing an antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material includes applying the antimicrobial agent to the triboelectric filtration material to at least impregnate or coat the wool fibres with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent.
  • the antimicrobial agent is applied to either the pre-treated wool fibres alone or to the pre-treated blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres.
  • the application of the antimicrobial agent is also referred to as "exhaustion". Exhaustion may be carried out by contacting the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres with a solution containing the antimicrobial agent.
  • the solution containing the antimicrobial agent may be pH adjusted prior to exhaustion.
  • a solution containing the antimicrobial agent, PHMB is adjusted to a pH of between about 5.5 and about 8.5, preferably between about 6.0 and about 8.0, more preferably between about 6.5 and about 7.5.
  • Exhaustion may occur by contacting the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres at room temperature or at an elevated temperature (i.e., a temperature greater than room temperature). In one example, exhaustion occurs at room temperature. In another example, exhaustion occurs at about 20 °C and about 40 °C.
  • the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may be contacted with the solution containing the antimicrobial solution for a period of time sufficient so as to at least impregnate or coat the wool fibres with an antimicrobial effective amount of the antimicrobial agent.
  • the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may be contacted with the solution containing the antimicrobial solution for a period of time in the range of about 60 seconds and 100 minutes, about 5 minutes and about 90 minutes, about 10 minutes and about 75 minutes, or 15 minutes and about 60 minutes.
  • the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may be contacted with the solution containing the antimicrobial solution for a period of time of at least about 60 seconds, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 60 minutes.
  • the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may be contacted with the solution containing the antimicrobial solution for a period of time of less than about 24 hours, 12 hours, 100 minutes, 90 minutes, 60 minutes, 30 minutes, or 15 minutes.
  • the pre- treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may be contacted with the solution containing the antimicrobial solution for a period of time of between about 15 minutes and about 60 minutes.
  • the pre-treated wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres may be contacted with the solution containing the antimicrobial solution for a period of time in any range or value at or within these ranges and values.
  • the exhaustion process may optionally occur in the presence of a surfactant.
  • the exhaustion process occurs in the presence of a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is Triton X-100.
  • the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres are optionally rinsed in water to remove excess antimicrobial solution.
  • the wool fibres or blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres are then dried. Drying of the antimicrobial wool fibres may assist in the blending of the wool fibres with the polypropylene fibres to form the antimicrobial triboelectric filtration material.
  • Control of residual water after washing is also important: remove water using a centrifugal dehydrator when washed in a winch. There is no need for this if the liquor is expressed via hydraulic high-pressure pad rollers of a foulard.
  • Figure 1 shows duplicate plates with colonies from the untreated wool- polypropylene substrate and of treated filter media AM02 and AM04 at lOx (top) as well as lOOOx (bottom) dilution;
  • Figures 2a-f show dust loading results from triboelectric wool filter media with and without antimicrobial treatment.
  • Scoured wool (long-staple, 20.4 ⁇ wool) or carbonised (carbonised and machine-scoured 21.8 ⁇ wool) wool was used as the substrate for the antimicrobial treatment.
  • Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was purchased from DuPont.
  • Sodium sulfite was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
  • Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 20% aqueous solution was purchased from Arch chemicals. All other reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
  • Wool was pre-treated prior to exhaustion with PHMB.
  • this pre-treatment also referred to as PMS/sulfite pre-treatment
  • the treated and rinsed wool fibre was either used immediately for PHMB or QAC uptake, or was dried in air or in an oven at 80 °C and stored at room temperature before further use.
  • the pH of the PHMB aqueous solution (20%) was adjusted to neutral pH with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
  • the pre-treated wool fibre was contacted with a solution containing PHMB (8% on weight of wool) at 20 °C to 40 °C for 15 to 60 min. During this treatment, the liquor to wool fibre ratio was about 20:1 to about 50:1, and a non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Triton X-100, 0.1% v/v) is optionally included in the PHMB solution.
  • a non-ionic surfactant e.g., Triton X-100, 0.1% v/v
  • the wool fibre was then optionally rinsed in water.
  • the wool fibre was squeezed and dried in air or in an oven at 80 °C for 1 h to overnight for subsequent felt
  • the pH of the QAC solution can be adjusted to neutral pH.
  • the pre-treated wool fibre can be contacted with a solution containing QAC (8% on weight of wool) at 20 °C to 40 °C for 15 to 60 min.
  • the liquor to wool fibre ratio can be about 20:1 to about 50:1, and a non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Triton X-100, 0.1% v/v) can optionally be included in the QAC solution.
  • the wool fibre can then be optionally rinsed in water.
  • the wool fibre can be squeezed and dried in air or in an oven at 80 °C for 1 h to overnight for subsequent felt manufacturing.
  • Air filter media were made from a blend of wool fibres and polypropylene fibres in a ratio of 60:40.
  • the polypropylene fibres consisted of scoured hydrophilic polypropylene of 3 denier fineness (equivalent to an average fibre diameter of 22.9 ⁇ ) and 64 mm stable length.
  • the wool fibres were untreated and unchlorinated
  • Memmingen card in two passes The triboelectric filtration material was 60:40 % wool- PP by weight. The resultant batch weight was 225 g and had a processing width of 30 cm. Carded webs were subsequently consolidated by needle punching on the Hunter Fibrelocker at 125 insertions/cm2 from each side. The felts were formed by carding without lubricant and consolidated by needle punching. Triboelectric filtration media were subsequently characterised by their thickness and fabric weight, as determined from circular filter samples of 109 mm diameter.
  • Antimicrobial tests were performed using the quantitative antimicrobial assays on the triboelectric filtration media as per the AATCC Test Method 100, using the bacterial species E. coli. In the test, 0.25 mL inoculum in the nutrient media LB
  • AM01 carbonized wool and polypropylene were scoured. The wool and
  • polypropylene fibres were blended, carded and subjected to needle punching.
  • AM02 carbonized wool and polypropylene were scoured.
  • the wool fibres were pre- treated, and had PHMB applied.
  • the wool and polypropylene fibres were blended, carded and subjected to needle punching.
  • AM03 scoured wool was used, and polypropylene was separately scoured. The wool and polypropylene fibres were blended, carded and subjected to needle punching.
  • AM04 scoured wool was used, and polypropylene was separately scoured. The wool fibres were pre-treated, and had PHMB applied. The wool and polypropylene fibres were blended, carded and subjected to needle punching.
  • AM05 carbonized wool and polypropylene were scoured.
  • the wool fibres were pre- treated, and had PHMB applied.
  • the wool and polypropylene fibres were blended, carded and subjected to needle punching.
  • Manufactured felt substrate carbonized wool and polypropylene were scoured. The wool and polypropylene fibres were blended, carded and subjected to needle punching.
  • Table 1 shows the results of the antimicrobial assays.
  • the spread of colonies on plates is shown in Figure 1.
  • Triboelectric PHMB No. of No. of Bacteri No. of No. of Bacteri filtration media % wt. of bacteri bacteri al bacteri bacteri al (60:40 wool al al reducti al al reducti wool/polypropy fibre coloni coloni on coloni coloni on lene fibre by compone es at t es at t es at t es at t
  • Sample 1 and Sample 2 Two circular samples (i.e., Sample 1 and Sample 2) of 109 mm diameter were cut from each medium and characterised by weight and thickness prior to testing (Table 2).
  • PCFTI particle counter tests
  • the PCFTI is operating non-destructively with particle concentrations of 10 "7 to 10 "9 particles/cm 3 by number count, or 0.01-0.60 mg/m 3 by mass.
  • the MBFTI is loading filter media with fine dust using a particle concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 11 to 5 x 10 11 particles/cm 3 by number count, or 10-50 mg/m 3 by mass. Results from PCFTI tests conducted on the No. 1 samples are summarised in Table 3.
  • the untreated wool-substrate (labelled "Manufactured felt substrate") is equivalent to control medium AM01 that was characterised in Tables 1 to 3.
  • the wet- treatment was applied to the already blended wool-polypropylene felt after formation.
  • the felts were subsequently dried while still wet in a vented oven at 105 °C temperature for 4 hours, which restored a significant amount of the electrostatic charge, but not all of it.
  • the need to restore electrostatic charge from the wet is the main difference to the process used for AM02 and AM05, where the wool component only was treated before the nonwoven felt was formed.
  • wool-polypropylene felts are quite capable of restoring charge during drying, with the amount of charge recovered increasing as the drying rate is accelerated.
  • the degree of charge recovery after washing is characterised in the following for an optimised blend of wool with polypropylene, and a blend of Kermel (enhanced with co-extruded beige pigment) with polypropylene. This is to demonstrate the charge recovery performance of wool-polypropylene with an all-polymeric alternative.
  • Card/NP The performance reference is provided by the carded and needle punched nonwoven formed from a clean fibre blend of Kermel beige / polypropylene or wool / polypropylene.
  • Recharged/Low The Wet/Dried nonwoven was needle punched at 45 insertions/cm 2 .
  • Recharged/High The Recharged/Low nonwoven fabric was needle punched for a second time at 220 insertions/cm 2 (Kermel beige) or 110 insertions/cm 2 (wool), respectively.
  • Table 6 Mechanical fabric properties and PCFTI filtration test results for medium weight electrostatic fabrics made from clean fibre. Kermel(beige)-polypropylene blended fabrics are compared to wool-polypropylene blended fabric at different stages of post processing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne de manière générale un matériau de filtration triboélectrique antimicrobien comprenant un mélange de fibres de laine chargées positivement et de fibres de polypropylène chargées négativement qui forment une charge triboélectrique dans le matériau. Le matériau de filtration triboélectrique, par exemple le mélange ou les fibres de laine, comprend également un agent antimicrobien constitué de polyhexaméthylène biguanide (PHMB) et/ou de composé d'ammonium quaternaire (QAC). Un avantage est que le matériau peut être lavé après utilisation tout en conservant ses propriétés antimicrobiennes et triboélectriques.
PCT/AU2017/051113 2016-10-14 2017-10-13 Matériau triboélectrique antimicrobien WO2018068100A1 (fr)

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111466632A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-07-31 北京大学深圳研究生院 一种季铵盐聚合物杀菌口罩
WO2021125194A1 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 株式会社村田製作所 Tissu antibactérien
WO2022119866A1 (fr) * 2020-12-01 2022-06-09 Ion Clairety Llc Couvre-visage pour équipement de protection individuelle à matériau intrinsèquement ionique
US20220240605A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Bioserenity Face Mask Having a Combined Biocidal and Electrostatic Treatment

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US20070048356A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Schorr Phillip A Antimicrobial treatment of nonwoven materials for infection control
FR2984176A1 (fr) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-21 Anios Lab Sarl Dispositif de filtration d'un flux d'air a activite anti-bacterienne et/ou anti-virale et/ou anti-fongique et procede de preparation d'un tel dispositif
US20130260625A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-10-03 Jr Chem Llc Method and device for lint removal in clothes dryers
US20150061464A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-03-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Energy harvester using mass and mobile device including the energy harvester
EP3061864A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Green Impact Holding AG Textiles ayant des propriétés anti-microbiennes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070048356A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Schorr Phillip A Antimicrobial treatment of nonwoven materials for infection control
FR2984176A1 (fr) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-21 Anios Lab Sarl Dispositif de filtration d'un flux d'air a activite anti-bacterienne et/ou anti-virale et/ou anti-fongique et procede de preparation d'un tel dispositif
US20130260625A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-10-03 Jr Chem Llc Method and device for lint removal in clothes dryers
US20150061464A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-03-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Energy harvester using mass and mobile device including the energy harvester
EP3061864A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Green Impact Holding AG Textiles ayant des propriétés anti-microbiennes

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021125194A1 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 株式会社村田製作所 Tissu antibactérien
CN111466632A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-07-31 北京大学深圳研究生院 一种季铵盐聚合物杀菌口罩
WO2022119866A1 (fr) * 2020-12-01 2022-06-09 Ion Clairety Llc Couvre-visage pour équipement de protection individuelle à matériau intrinsèquement ionique
US20220240605A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Bioserenity Face Mask Having a Combined Biocidal and Electrostatic Treatment

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