WO2018067100A1

WO2018067100A1 - Aeroplane, cargo capsule and transport means for delivering landing force, arms, and civilian cargoes

Info

Publication number: WO2018067100A1
Application number: PCT/UA2016/000118
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Николаевич ТАТАРЕНКО; Андрей Викторович ШЕЛУДЬКО
Original assignee: Владимир Николаевич ТАТАРЕНКО; Андрей Викторович ШЕЛУДЬКО
Priority date: 2016-10-06
Filing date: 2016-10-10
Publication date: 2018-04-12
Also published as: UA117519C2; EA033579B1; EA201700427A1

Abstract

The group of inventions relates to aviation. An aeroplane comprises a fuselage which consists of a body of an upper load-bearing piloted part and a capsule in the form of a body of a lower part which is capable of automatically separating from the upper load-bearing part. The aeroplane is equipped with brackets connecting the body of said upper part with the body of the lower part, push rods and pneumatic gates, the rods of which are capable of disconnecting the bodies of said upper and lower parts. A capsule is in the form of a hermetically sealed thermally insulated body of the lower part of the fuselage, which is capable of transporting arms, a landing force and civilian cargoes by air and is equipped with means for an autonomous soft landing after separation from the body of the upper load-bearing part of the aeroplane. A transport means includes a chassis and a sprung platform. It further comprises a table set in motion by drives located on opposite sides of the sprung platform, and scissors lifts for the capsule, which are disposed on a transverse support in the region of the main frames of the capsule. The group of inventions is intended to reduce the time of cargo delivery.

Description

AIRCRAFT, CARGO CAPSULE AND VEHICLE FOR DELIVERY OF THE LANDING, WEAPONS AND CIVIL

CARGO

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a method for the rapid movement of troops and equipment for the comprehensive provision of offensive combat, engagement, defensive combat and the consolidation of the liberated territory.

It relates, in particular, to the method of loading, unloading and transporting troops and equipment by implementing the indicated method of moving them.

The invention also relates to an aircraft, which allows the implementation of the proposed method. The invention also relates to changes in the internal and external design of the capsules to accommodate the load. The invention also relates to a change in a vehicle.

BACKGROUND

The development of means and methods of armed struggle, the changing conditions and nature of combat, the improvement of military equipment and vehicles invariably led to the improvement of traditional methods of movement, gave rise to new methods of movement and determined their constant development, increasing the role of movement in the combat activity of troops. In modern conditions, when exceptional maneuverability, dynamism, and spatial scope are inherent in the actions of troops, the significance of movement has grown even more.

The march is still the main mode of transportation. It represents the movement of troops in columns on their own using standard equipment (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (BMPs), armored personnel carriers (armored personnel carriers), airborne combat vehicles (BMDs), open or closed vehicles, or sometimes on foot.

The march is used when it is impossible or inexpedient to use any type of transport to move troops.

Transportation on heavy road trains, heavy trailers or trailers is carried out for those units that are armed with heavy armored, engineering or other equipment with a small power reserve and low speed. Automobile parts equipped with trailers have a fairly high speed, allow you to save motor resources, reduce equipment wear, save crew forces, reduce fuel consumption. However, transportation on heavy road trains is possible only on paved roads, without steep climbs, descents, turns, as well as on bridges of sufficient carrying capacity.

Transportation by rail allows you to save the strength of personnel, protect weapons and equipment from wear and tear, save motor resources and fuel.

This method provides a high speed of movement of troops regardless of the time of year and meteorological conditions.

However, this transportation is due to the vulnerability of railways and bridges.

Transportation by water (sea, river) transport is used to deliver troops to the islands, isolated sections of the coast, as well as when performing maneuvers in coastal areas and along navigable rivers. However, the location of ports and marinas is easily detected by the enemy. Loading on water transport and unloading are long. The loading and unloading of equipment on unequipped sections of the coast is extremely difficult.

Combined movement - in which different methods of movement are combined. When alternating transportation methods, the combat readiness of troops can be adversely affected by repeated loading and unloading of them from various vehicles. Railway stations, ports, marinas, airfields, road constructions, as well as troops on the march and during transportation may be subject to enemy attacks and suffer losses. Increases the likelihood of acts of sabotage, reconnaissance, airmobile groups and airborne assaults of the enemy.

To prepare for movement in modern conditions, an extremely limited time is provided.

Air transportation can significantly reduce the time of troop transfer.

This type of transportation is less susceptible to weapons of mass destruction and ensures the rapid deployment of troops over long distances in any direction and to areas practically inaccessible to other modes of transport, through vast areas of infection, areas of destruction, fires and flooding.

It can be used not only for the transfer of troops over its territory, but also for landing suddenly behind him, to deliver troops to the specified area with a higher degree of combat readiness than when they are transported by other means of transport.

The disadvantages include the dependence on meteorological conditions, the availability of trained airfields or sites for loading and unloading troops.

The disadvantages are partially eliminated by modern airborne troops (Airborne Forces), which are designed to solve a wide range of tasks in interests of national defense behind enemy lines and rapid response to continental theaters of operations. In terms of tasks, the airborne forces consist of three components: the airborne assault, the airborne assault and the airborne assault mountain.

Modern means of landing weapons, military and special equipment, cargoes that are in service with the Airborne Forces can be divided into parachute-platform (PBS), parachute-jet (PRP), parachute platforms (PP).

The first two types are used for landing BMD, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles. Parachute platforms (PRP) are intended mainly for landing of automobile, special equipment and other cargoes. For landing on parachute-strapdown systems (PBS) and parachute platforms (PP), multi-dome systems are used. For landing on parachute-reactive systems (PRSM), a single-dome parachute system is used.

The advantage of using a single-dome system is the high speed of lowering objects (16-23 m / s) before the introduction of powder propellant engines, which reduces the vulnerability of the landing in the landing area. Preparation of equipment for landing includes laying a multi-dome or single-dome parachute system, an exhaust parachute system, equipment of a block of powder propellant jet engines for PRSM, lengthy preparation of equipment, installation of a parachute system and a block of powder propulsion jet engines for PRSM on equipment, loading of equipment prepared for landing in an airplane, mooring her on the plane.

The Special Purpose Parachute System (PSSN) in the Airborne Forces is used for reconnaissance units of troops. The use of PSSN allows a soldier to land from a height of up to 4000 meters and plan at the landing point with a horizontal speed of at least 10 m / s. However, the unit disperses upon landing on significant distances and a lot of time is spent collecting for entering the battle as part of a combat unit.

BACKGROUND

The method of aviation transportation of weapons, amphibious assault and engineering equipment relates to the field of aircraft construction, air transport and is aimed at creating and using advanced transport and military transport aircraft with advanced landing capabilities and is carried out by a combination of sequential and combined actions of aircraft separated from the aircraft capsules with cargo and vehicles for moving and docking capsules with an airplane.

Currently, one of the methods of landing soldiers on parachute systems, equipped with a 9-section “wing” type dome, which allows achieving relatively high landing accuracy, is widespread. The system enables the fighter to drop a special container with him, in which no more than 50 kg of cargo useful for the task can be placed.

When landing a group of more than 100 people, the spread of landing fighters can be more than 500 meters. Combining them into a shock combat-ready group takes considerable time.

For landing of weapons, special equipment, cargo, parachute-platform, parachute-jet, parachute platforms are used.

A common feature of these structures is the presence of pallets for storing goods that are placed on roller tracks with the possibility of moving under the action of the horizontal component of gravity and (or) inertial force along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, means of securing the fixation of pallets from longitudinal movement, which, when they are opened, make it possible moving pallets with cargo to the landing position, as well as means for securing pallets in front of the position landing ("A device for placing cargo on an aircraft and their landing from it", application PCT RU 03/00273 (25/06/2003); publication PCT WO 2004/1 13167 (29/12/2004)).

A disadvantage of the methods of cargo landing using the described structures is the need, after landing, to release military equipment from mooring facilities and parachute systems, to prepare vehicles for movement and combat, which requires a significant amount of effort and time, while safety suffers.

The inability to ensure safety when landing by existing traditional methods has necessitated a review of the concept of design, construction and operation of military transport aircraft.

An analogue of an aircraft claimed as part of the method of aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment is “Aircraft with a device for rescuing passengers in an emergency” (Ukrainian Patent JYS 52936, IPC B64D 25/00, B64C 1/32, B64C 3/54, published 09/10/2010).

The plane includes:

- the fuselage, with hatches for the entry and exit of passengers and crew, with a pilot's cabin equipped with an on-board computer and a device for supplying the electrical command with the necessary sequence for implementing the rescue program, which, if a decision is made to evacuate passengers, can be turned on by the on-board computer, by the pilot or from the ground;

- wings, tail, engines, chassis, emergency hatch in the rear of the fuselage, made with the possibility of its automatic opening;

a rigid, sealed, thermally insulated landing container located inside the fuselage, inside which passengers and passengers’s seats are installed in the longitudinal direction; - in the upper and lower parts of the fuselage are installed, respectively, upper and lower guides, which are configured to interact with them of the corresponding elements of the container and are means for fixing the said container in a stationary state and unlocking to move the container along the fuselage automatically, at the command of the pilot or with ground, and the rear ends of the lower rails are located in the area of the hinges for opening the emergency hatch, and the upper rails in the rear of the fuselage are extended by an inu selected taking into account the length of the container so that the latter can release the fuselage without contact with the emergency hatch, in its open position, and with other elements of the fuselage;

- the aircraft is equipped with means for automatically closing the emergency hatch after the container is pulled out of the fuselage, and the container is equipped with:

- a device for moving the container along the fuselage, in the direction of the emergency hatch;

- floor and end walls with slots and doors in them, hermetically closed and located opposite to the doors of the cockpit and adjacent containers;

passenger hatches for entry and exit of passengers located opposite to hatches of the same purpose in the fuselage;

- in its upper part - compartments with hinged hatches for placing brake container parachutes in them, moreover, hatches are made with the possibility of their automatic opening, and parachutes with the possibility of automatically putting them into action;

- in its lower part - compartments with hinged hatches for accommodating shock-absorbing cylinders, mainly gas-filled, with the possibility of automatically opening these hatches, automatically inflating these cylinders according to the altimeter signal and installing them before landing or bringing below the lower overall surface of the container by a predetermined value; - in its lower part - small-sized soft landing rocket engines;

- an on-board computer capable of controlling the orientation of the container in space, the speed of descent, the distance to the surface of the earth or water;

- compartment for on-board automation and measuring equipment, including a device for determining the location of the container;

- individual means for depreciation and fixation, ensuring the safety of passengers and crew at the time of container landing or landing;

individual and collective means of autonomous life support after landing or splashing the container.

The disadvantage of the analogue for implementing the method of aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment is the creation of a dynamically unstable system by sequentially pulling a container with an airborne load from the aircraft fuselage when it goes beyond the dimensions of the emergency hatch. The aircraft will be subject to lateral forces and torques, which create an additional load, which can lead to jamming of the container between the upper and lower guides. The container is not part of the fuselage, it creates an additional load on the fuselage. As a result, taking into account the mass of the container, there is a significant weighting of the aircraft and the associated increased fuel consumption.

The closest analogues of the invention are:

- Patent (19) UA (11) 88319 (13) U (51) IPC (2014.01), B64D 25/00, B64C 1/32 (2006/01) “Aircraft with a device for saving passengers and (or) cargo in case of emergency situations ”;

- Russian Patent N ° 144783 for the utility model “Aircraft with a device for saving passengers and (or) cargo in an emergency”. The aircraft includes wings, tail, engines, chassis, pilot's cabin and fuselage with passenger and (or) cargo compartment (compartments), while the fuselage is made up of the upper and lower parts, rigidly connected to each other using connecting means made with the possibility of immediate automatic disconnection of the lower part from the upper, while one of these parts is configured to perform a controlled flight in the absence of another part that is disconnected; the lower part is made in the form of one or several rigid hermetic thermally insulated bodies, the cross section of each of which is symmetrical with respect to the vertical and outlined along the contour of a closed convex or convex-concave curve, the transverse section of the upper part of the fuselage is outlined along the contour of a closed curve, the shape of which is adjacent to the lower parts of the fuselage repeats the shape of the latter; wings, tail, engines and chassis are located on the upper part of the fuselage, the cockpit is part of the upper part of the fuselage, and the passenger and (or) cargo compartment are located in the lower part of the fuselage; the lower part of the fuselage is equipped with means for autonomous soft landing after it is separated from the upper part of the fuselage.

The described aircraft can be used to implement the method of aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment, but it is expensive, since after landing the lower part of the fuselage (capsule), the upper part of the aircraft must be delivered to the manufacturer for the manufacture of specialized capsules intended for its equipment.

Practically, the aircraft of the described construction can participate in the mission of mass transportation and troop landing once.

The prototype of the present invention is the international application PCT / UA 2016/000026, priority date 02/26/2016, "Aircraft to save passengers and / or goods in an emergency with reduced parking time at the airport and a vehicle for its implementation." The fuselage of the aircraft is made integral of the upper and lower parts (capsules), rigidly interconnected using connecting means, made with the possibility of emergency automatic separation of the capsule from the upper part, while:

- the capsule is made in the form of one or more rigid (s) sealed (s) thermally insulated (s) body (s);

- the cross section of the upper part of the fuselage is outlined along the contour of a closed curve, the shape of which from the abutment side of the lower part of the fuselage follows the shape of the latter;

- wings, tail, engines and chassis are mounted on the top of the fuselage, the pilot's cabin is part of the top of the fuselage, and the passenger and / or cargo compartment (s) are located (s) in the capsule;

- the capsule is equipped with means for autonomous soft landing after it is disconnected from the upper part of the fuselage;

- at least two through cutouts are made in the lower part of the upper fuselage body to accommodate the brackets connecting the body to the capsule in the lock, and solid lubricant is applied between the contacting surfaces of the brackets and the upper body;

- at the bottom of the hull of the upper fuselage body vertically there are reversible air (gas) pushers connected to a compressed air (inert gas) network, the lower part of the rods of which are kinematically connected by means of spherical joints with clamps, providing a rigid detachable connection of the upper power fuselage and the capsule to each other in position their docking;

- reversible air (gas) pushers and pneumatic valves connected to the compressed air (inert gas) network, whose rods open the aircraft fuselage bodies by pressure on the brackets by command of the pilots or from the ground, are horizontally fixed in the upper fuselage body; - the surfaces of the brackets in contact with the fuselage bodies are made according to curves forming cross sections of the upper and lower (capsule) bodies;

- the brackets are permanently attached to the inside of the capsule;

- at the end of the capsule body, latches are installed that mate with holes located horizontally in the end face of the frame of the rear wall of the cockpit;

- at the end of the frame of the rear wall of the cockpit, closed circular guide surfaces are made corresponding to the profile and dimensions of the end face of the capsule body;

- the end face of the capsule body is made stepwise, one of the steps is conical-spherical to facilitate orientation and mating with reciprocal circular grooves in the end face of the upper fuselage body, the second is cylindrical;

- in the upper part of the capsule body, sensors of the automatic parking system are installed with information output to the remote control of the vehicle driver and pilot about distances and clearances to obstacles;

- the vehicle includes: chassis, sprung platform, power unit, transmission, chassis, control mechanisms, frame, brake system, driver's cab;

- on the sprung platform with the possibility of longitudinal movement along the rails, a table is set, driven by drives located on opposite sides of the sprung platform, in contact with gear racks mounted on the bottom of the table;

- on the upper part of the table, with the possibility of moving perpendicular to it along the guides, there is a transverse support, driven by actuators placed on the sides of the table in contact with gear racks mounted on the transverse support; - a power unit, an electric generator, an air station, a hydraulic station, a vacuum station are placed on the transverse support;

- scissor lifts of the driver's cab located perpendicular to it are mounted on the transverse caliper, on the upper horizontal shelf of which there is a platform on which the driver's cab is mounted, while the platform along the guides can be moved left and right with the help of drives and gear racks within the width of the transverse caliper;

- the driver's cab has duplicated, oppositely located controls for comfortable and safe movement in different directions;

- the driver's seat is rotatable around a vertical axis by 360 ° with fixation of turns;

- the scissor lifts of the capsule are placed on the transverse support in the area of the power frames of the capsule;

- the working surfaces of the lodgements are equipped with airbags with vacuum suction cups, the pillows are connected to a high pressure pneumatic network to prevent damage to the capsule and damping when hitting obstacles during transportation, as well as smooth squeezing of the capsule when connected to the upper part of the fuselage, and the suction cups are connected to the vacuum network;

- the body is formed by curved automatic swivel sides, the rotation of which is provided by hydro (pneumatic) cylinders that are attached to the transverse support with hinges, while the sides on top overlap each other by an amount that does not allow atmospheric precipitation to enter the body;

- on the sides of the body opposite the doors of the capsule body, openings are made, closed-opened by gates, moved along guides located on the surface of the sides, as well as windows located opposite the capsule windows. The disadvantage of the prototype for use in the method of aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment is the insufficient volume of the capsule, since a large amount of it is occupied by means for autonomous soft landing after it is disconnected from the top of the fuselage of the aircraft, such as: parachute-reactive system with brake propulsion system, located in the compartment for cargo parachutes under the casing, shelves for hand luggage owned by passengers, capsule volumes occupied by the toilet, buffet, workspace Stami for stewardesses.

The disadvantage of the prototype is also:

- the inability to restore the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft after landing the capsule;

- lack of suspension nodes for transporting capsules in the field by helicopters to prepared sites for aircraft landing;

- the chassis of the vehicle is made on wheelsets, little adapted for driving on rough terrain and off-road.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of analogues and prototype for the possibility of its use in the implementation of the method of aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment, in which due to changes in aircraft design, changes in capsule design, changes in vehicle design and a new sequence of actions, air transportation will be provided. troops and equipment and the possibility of their immediate entry into battle.

Achieving the goal of the invention will increase the mobility of the deployed troops, reduce the time of delivery of troops and weapons, reduce the time of the transfer of troops and equipment to the battle, reduce losses during landing operations, maintain physical fitness, health and combat readiness of personnel. In order to solve the problem and achieve the corresponding technical result, it is possible to implement a method for sequential restoration after the capsule separation begins the aerodynamic characteristics of the upper carrier of the manned part of the fuselage of the aircraft, in the lower part of it are mounted movable, elastic, elastic, impact-resistant inflatable tanks with clamps in which (tanks ) made forming power frames matching in shape with the outer contours of the capsule, while the source of compressed gas installed inside the body of the fuselage of the aircraft.

The invention is also based on the task of improving the design of the capsule for deploying troops and equipment:

- by equipping it with suspension units for movement by helicopters or self-propelled ground-based lifting devices;

- execution from the sides of the capsule body longitudinal truncated along the length of the aerodynamic wings with rudders in which (wings) are compartments in which are located:

- self-propelled self-shooting parachute-reactive system with the ability to control the descent path and the braking propulsion system;

- barometric altimeters;

- inflatable means of flooding (rafts, floats) for landing on water;

- shock-absorbing damping inflatable balloons (pillows) for soft landing on the ground;

- cylinders with compressed gas providing an autonomous gas filling system;

- a beacon to accurately determine the landing site;

- equipment for determining the nature of the surface onto which the capsule falls; - aerodynamic rudders creating lateral aerodynamic forces with a decrease;

- gas fire extinguishing means;

- air-to-ground missiles, air-to-air missiles and machine guns.

In order to achieve a positive result during the mission, depending on the task set by the command, capsules equipped for:

- reconnaissance groups and saboteurs;

- personnel;

- ammunition;

- infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, airborne fighting vehicles;

- artillery;

- motor generators;

- kitchens;

- hospitals;

- fuel for technology;

- baths and shower;

- drinking water.

In the invention, the vehicle is also changed - the undercarriage and the chassis are crawler-mounted from rubber-metal caterpillars.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The implementation of the invention provides a new application of the well-known product described in the international application PTC UA 2016/000026 for transporting weapons, landing and engineering equipment to war zones after a deep improvement of this product, in which the design of the aircraft, capsules and vehicle, and introduction they have additional equipment that extends the range of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is easier to understand when illustrated by its drawings, the name of which is given below:

figure 1 is a schematic side view of an aircraft for transporting weapons, landing;

figure 2 is a schematic top view of an aircraft for transporting weapons, landing;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of an aircraft for transporting weapons and landing forces;

4 is a schematic side view of an airplane after separating the capsule from it and restoring aerodynamic characteristics;

5 is a schematic side view of a capsule;

6 is a schematic top view of the capsule;

7 is a schematic front view of the capsule;

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an airplane and capsule;

figa - axial section of the fuselage and capsule;

Fig.8 b is a diagram of the connection-separation of the fuselage and capsule

Fig.9 is a profile of the wing capsule;

figure 10 is a schematic view of an airplane and capsule during unloading equipment; 11 is a schematic view and capsules during loading equipment;

Fig - vehicle;

Fig - vehicle with closed sides.

DESIGNATIONS ON DRAWINGS

1 - aircraft fuselage;

2 - the upper bearing manned part of the aircraft;

3 - cockpit;

4 - capsule;

a - inflatable tanks of the fuselage of the aircraft; 5 - bracket;

6 - node suspension capsule to the helicopter to move without using the vehicle of the invention;

7 - wings of an airplane;

8 - aircraft landing gear;

9 — engines;

10 - the tail of the aircraft;

11 - capsule body;

12 is a cross section of a wing profile;

13 is a plano-convex wing profile;

14 - wings of a capsule truncated along the length (span);

15 - vertical pneumatic pushers;

16 - the lower part of the rods of pneumatic pushers;

17 - a clamp;

18 - horizontal pusher;

19 - pneumatic gate;

20 - rod of the horizontal pusher;

21 - rotary end of the capsule body;

22 - capsule retainers;

23 - conical-spherical step of the end face of the capsule;

24 - a cylindrical step of the end face of the capsule;

25 - capsule sensors for automatic parking;

26 - vehicle;

27 - compartment capsules for a parachute reactive system;

28 - compartment capsules for brake propulsion;

29 - compartment capsules for inflatable means of flooding;

30 - capsule compartment for shock-absorbing damping inflatable balloons (pillows) for soft landing on the ground;

31 - compartment capsules for cylinders with compressed gas, which provides an autonomous gas filling system; 32 - compartment placement machine guns;

33 - compartment for the deployment of air-to-ground missiles;

34 - compartment placement of equipment to determine the nature of the surface on which the capsule falls;

35 - compartment placement of barometric altimeters;

36 - compartment placement of the beacon to accurately determine the landing site;

37 - produced aerodynamic rudders that create lateral aerodynamic forces while lowering the capsule;

38 - compartment for gas fire extinguishing means;

39 - compartment for placing machine guns with automatic aiming at the target and automatically opening fire;

40 - vehicle chassis;

41 - sprung platform;

42 - power unit;

43 - management mechanisms;

44 - driver's cab;

45 - table;

46 - table drive;

7 - gear rack,

8 - a cross support;

9 - an electric generator;

50 - air station;

51 - hydraulic station;

52 - vacuum station;

53 - scissor lifts of the driver's cab;

54 - airbags;

5 - vehicle body;

6 - a board of a vehicle;

7 - ramp;

8 - door for communication with the cockpit. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The aircraft proposed for the implementation of the method of aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment consists of a fuselage 1, formed of two rigidly connected with the possibility of automatic opening on the pilot's command of the upper carrier of the piloted part 2, including the cockpit 3 and the lower part - capsule 4, connected by brackets 5. The capsule 4 is equipped with suspension units 6 to a helicopter or a suitable self-propelled lifting vehicle not provided for by the invention.

The upper supporting manned part of the aircraft 2 includes wings 7, landing gear 8, engines 9, and tail unit 10 and inflatable tanks 4a. The body 11 of the capsule 4 in cross section is bounded by second-order curves conjugated on both sides with curves obtained by the cross section of a plano-convex profile 13 truncated along the length of the wings 14 of the capsule 4.

At the bottom of the hull of the upper part of the fuselage of the aircraft 2 are vertically arranged pneumatic (gas) pushers 15 connected to a network of compressed air (inert gas).

The lower parts of the rods 16 of the pneumatic pushers 15 kinematically by means of spherical hinges, eliminating possible distortions, are connected to the latches 17, which provide a rigid but detachable connection of the upper power case 2 of the bearing manned part of the aircraft and the landing capsule 4 to each other in the docking position.

Reversible pneumatic pushers (gas pushers) 18, pneumatic valves 19 connected to the compressed air (inert gas) network, rods 20, which, by the command of the pilots or by the coded command from the ground, open the bodies 2 and 1 1 by pressure on brackets 5 mounted on the capsule 4. At the end 21 of the capsule 4

latches 22 are installed, mating with holes (not marked), located horizontally at the end of the frame of the rear wall of the cockpit 3.

At the end of the frame of the rear wall of the cockpit 3 there are closed circular guide surfaces corresponding to the profile and dimensions of the end of the capsule 4. The end of the capsule body 4 is made stepwise, one of the steps 23 is conical-spherical for easier orientation and mating with the reciprocal circular guides in the end of the upper case part 2 of the fuselage 1, the second 24 - cylindrical.

In truncated along the length of the aerodynamic wings 14 of the capsule 4 are compartments:

27 - parachute reactive system;

28 - brake propulsion system;

29 - inflatable means of flooding;

30 - shock absorbing damping inflatable balloons (pillows) for soft landing on the ground.

31 - cylinders with compressed gas, which provides an autonomous gas filling system;

32 - placement of machine guns;

33 - air-to-ground missiles;

34 - apparatus for determining the nature of the surface on which the capsule falls;

35 - barometric altimeters;

36 - a beacon for accurately determining the landing site;

37 - produced aerodynamic rudders that create lateral aerodynamic forces with a decrease;

38 - gas fire extinguishing means;

39 - machine guns with automatic aiming at the target and automatically opening fire. Across the entire surface of the upper part of the capsule 4, sensors 25 of the automatic parking system are installed with information output to the vehicle driver’s remote control 26.

For the systematic implementation of the method of transporting weapons, amphibious assault and engineering equipment, as mentioned above, also a vehicle 26 is used, which includes

- chassis 40, made on a caterpillar track of rubber-metal tracks;

- chassis (not shown);

- sprung platform 41;

- power unit 42;

- transmission (not shown);

- chassis (not shown);

- management mechanisms 43;

- frame (not shown);

- brake system (not shown);

- driver's cab 44;

- table 45;

- table drive 46;

- gear racks 47;

- guides (not shown);

- cross support 48;

- drive (not shown);

- toothed racks mounted on the transverse caliper (not shown);

- an electric generator 49;

- air station 50;

- hydraulic station 51;

- vacuum station 52;

- scissor lifts 53;

- airbags 54; - vehicle body 55;

- the side of the vehicle 56;

- ramp 57;

For loading and unloading equipment and personnel in the capsule 4 in its rear part there is a ramp 57, lowered, raised and fixed at the command of the pilot, and in front there is a sealed door for communication with the cockpit

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUGGESTED METHOD

Cargo loading and landing

The order of loading of the capsules 4 is carried out at the command of the commander of the relocated unit. The aircraft with capsules 4 designated for loading are fed to the airport cargo terminal with personnel units and necessary equipment pre-arranged there for relocation.

The first aircraft loaded and take off are equipped with capsules 4 for transportation and delivery to the designated mission area of reconnaissance groups and saboteurs, as well as capsules 4, specialized for the transportation of infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, and airborne combat vehicles with the necessary ammunition, artillery, and air defense equipment defense. Airplanes fly into the combat zone, accompanied by fighters and attack aircraft. Having delivered capsules 4 to a given area, the planes return for loading and delivery of the following capsules 4, equipped for the hospital and other needs for combat and the continuation of the mission.

Consider two loading options.

- for loading, the aircraft are supplied with the necessary capsules already built into them;

- airplanes are served for loading without capsules. In the first case, the pilot of the aircraft lowers the ramp 69, through which the troops enter and are placed in the capsule 4, or equipment enters under its own power, or shells are loaded. In a plane with a capsule 4, equipped as a hospital, medicines are loaded and medical personnel are accommodated. Each specialized capsule 4 is equipped with devices 25a for fixing the load.

In the second case, the capsule 4 is preloaded - the loads are fixed with air bags and the capsule 4 is installed using suitable lifting equipment of the terminal on the vehicle 26, in which the sides are pre-opened, and transported to the aircraft. Further, the vehicle 26 orientates the capsule 4 in alignment with the aircraft.

The exact positioning of the capsule 4 relative to the upper manned carrier part 2 of the aircraft is carried out by moving along the axes X, Υ, Z of the table 45, the transverse support 48, scissor lifts 53 and parking sensors.

At this time, the hermetic valves of the through cut-outs located at the bottom of the upper part of the fuselage 2 are automatically automatically opened with a pneumatic shutter.

After positioning, the scissor lifts smoothly raise the capsule 4 upwards (Z axis), allowing the brackets 5 to pass freely through the cutouts, leaving a small gap between the buildings 2 and 1 1. The entire process of accurate positioning is provided by the parking sensors parking system, which is a parking radar using sensors. The sensor readings are continuously displayed on the screens to the driver of the vehicle 26 and the pilot of the aircraft. When the positioning is completed, the system gives an acoustic and light signal, after which the automatic longitudinal movement of the table of the vehicle 26 engages the brackets 5 and the latches 17 with the housing of the upper part of the fuselage 2. After that, vertical pneumatic pushers 15 are automatically switched on, the rods 16 of which move the clamps 17 to the stop. After that, the system gives sound, digital, light and speech information about the end of the docking of the upper part 2 of the aircraft with the capsule 4. The driver of the vehicle 26 is rotated 360 degrees in the seat and leaves the plane.

The plane is taxiing to the runway of the airfield and flies, accompanied by fighters and attack aircraft, to the landing area.

The landing of capsules 4 occurs on the command of the pilot. In this case, the vertical pneumatic pushers 15 and the horizontal pneumatic pushers 18 together with the pneumatic sliders 19 move the capsule 4 by pressure on the brackets 5 until it falls into the cutouts made in the fuselage 2 of the upper manned aircraft carrier.

Then, parachute-reactive systems are pushed out from the compartments 27 in the capsule 4 and the controlled descent of the capsule 4 begins. During descent, aerodynamic rudders are produced from the compartments 37, creating lateral aerodynamic forces when the capsule 4 is reduced, the equipment located in the compartment 34 is determined by determining the nature of the surface, onto which capsule 4 falls, barometric altimeters placed in compartments 35 come into operation, a beacon in compartment 36 begins to work, and brake engine systems mounted in the compartment turn on kakh 28, are pulled out from compartments 30 or 29 (depending on the landing medium) inflatable from balloons (not shown) in cushion compartments 31, which soften the landing.

In the event of fire on capsule 4 from the landing area, from the compartment 32, suppression fire is automatically opened from machine guns, which is conducted during the whole time of reduction to the defeat of the oncoming fire source.

If the oncoming fire source cannot be hit by a large machine gun, air-to-ground missiles are fired from compartments 33. Immediately after landing, the arriving troops enter the battle, supported by the armored vehicles that left the capsules 4, which is able to engage in battle immediately, since the crew is in the process of descent, and it does not need to be released from the manual fixation devices, as it is fixed in the capsule 4 automatic air bags 25a.

After completing the mission, capsules 4 are taken out by helicopters to a suitable place for further use as intended. For this, suspension units 6 are used.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The proposed method of aviation transportation of weapons, amphibious assault and engineering equipment, based on the use of an aircraft equipped with an airborne capsule and a vehicle for transporting capsules and docking-undocking with the aircraft, can be implemented on the basis of existing innovative technologies, components, devices, materials.

The widespread use of carbon, carbon fiber, carbon fibers will not only reduce the weight of the aircraft to a competitive level compared to existing analogues, but also create units and parts with more complex and advanced aerodynamic surfaces. Using the existing experience of landing heavy equipment will ensure a safe and comfortable descent of the capsules.

The method of transporting troops differs from the prototype “Aircraft to save passengers and / or cargo in an emergency with reduced parking time at the airport and a vehicle for its implementation”, PCT / UA 2016/000026 by the presence of a number of new significant features both in the design of the aircraft and capsule, so in the design of the vehicle. These differences allow us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty." In the scientific and technical literature there are no solutions with such distinctive features, therefore, the claimed method meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The inventive method, built on the application and interaction of devices made from existing technologies, materials, and meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The multilink formula of the invention has several independent claims, each of which characterizes one of the inventions (airplane, capsule, vehicle) of the group.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Aircraft for the aviation transportation of weapons, landing and civilian cargo includes: wings, tail, engines, landing gear, cockpit, fuselage made of a composite of the upper carrier of the manned fuselage and the lower part (capsule), rigidly interconnected by connecting means made with the possibility of emergency automatic separation from the upper bearing part, made with the possibility of continuing an independent controlled flight without capsules, through cuts, made data at the bottom of the upper part of the fuselage body of the aircraft for mounting brackets connecting the said fuselage body with the capsule body, reversible air (gas) pushers located in the upper part of the fuselage body and connected to the compressed air (inert gas) network, the lower part of the air (gas) rods pushers kinematically through spherical hinges connected with clamps, providing a rigid detachable connection of the upper bearing body to the fuselages with the capsule in the position of their docking,

horizontal reversible pneumatic (gas) pushers and pneumatic valves connected to the compressed air (inert gas) network, whose rods, on the command of pilots or from the ground, open the hulls of the upper bearing part of the fuselage and capsules in contact with the hulls of the surface of the brackets made according to curves forming the cross sections of the upper the bearing part of the fuselage,

closed circular guide surfaces are made in the end face of the rear wall of the cockpit, corresponding to the profile and dimensions of the end face of the capsule body.

2. The aircraft according to paragraph 1, characterized in that for restoration after separation of the capsule the aerodynamic characteristics of the upper carrier of the manned fuselage, elastic are mounted in it, elastic, impact-resistant multilayer inflatable tanks, into which the forming force frames are glued.

3. The capsule for the aviation transportation of weapons, landing and engineering equipment is made in the form of one or more rigid sealed thermally insulated bodies equipped with means for autonomous soft landing after separating them from the upper bearing part of the aircraft,

at the end of the capsule mounted latches, mating with holes located horizontally at the end of the frame of the rear wall of the cockpit,

the end face of the capsule is made stepwise, while one of the steps is conical-spherical to facilitate orientation and mating with reciprocal circular grooves in the end face of the upper body of the fuselage, the second stage is cylindrical,

In the upper part of the capsule body, sensors of the automatic parking system are installed with information displayed on the remote control of the vehicle driver and pilot about the distances and clearances to obstacles during the docking process.

4. The capsule according to paragraph 3 is characterized in that it contains suspension units for moving it by helicopters and suitable lifting means.

5. The capsule according to paragraph 3 is characterized in that on the sides of the bottom of the body are made aerodynamic wings truncated by the span, in which there are compartments for accommodation:

- parachute reactive system,

- brake propulsion system,

- inflatable means of splashdown,

- shock absorbing damping inflatable balloons (pillows) for soft landing on the ground, - cylinders with compressed air (gas), which provide an autonomous gas filling system,

- heavy machine guns with automatic aiming at the target and automatically opening fire,

- air-to-ground missiles,

- equipment for determining the nature of the surface on which the capsule falls,

- barometric altimeters,

- a beacon to accurately determine the landing site,

- aerodynamic rudders creating lateral aerodynamic forces while lowering the capsule,

- gas extinguishing media.

6. The capsule according to paragraph 3 is characterized in that airbags for securing the cargo are fixed inside the housing.

7. A vehicle for the aviation transportation of weapons, troops, engineering equipment includes: a chassis, a sprung platform, a power unit, a transmission, a running gear, control mechanisms, a frame, a brake system, a driver’s cab, a table driven by drives placed on opposite sides a sprung platform in contact with gear racks mounted on the bottom of the table, on the top of the table with the possibility of perpendicular to it moving along the rails is transverse th caliper, driven by actuators located on the sides of the table in contact with the gear racks mounted on the transverse caliper, on the transverse caliper are a power unit, an electric generator, an air station, a hydraulic station, a vacuum station, on the transverse caliper are perpendicular to it scissor lifts of the driver's cab, on the top the horizontal shelf of which there is a platform on which the driver's cab is mounted, which has duplicated oppositely arranged controls for comfortable and safe movement in different directions, the driver's seat is rotated 360 degrees around the vertical axis with fixation of turns, the scissor capsule lifts are placed on the cross support the area of power frames of the capsule, the working surfaces of the lodgements are equipped with airbags with vacuum suction cups, the pillows are connected to a pneumatic and high pressure, suction cups connected to a vacuum network, the vehicle body is equipped with automatic pivoting boards, in the sides of the door body opposite to the capsule housing formed openings zakryvaemye- openable vanes.

8. The vehicle according to paragraph 7 is characterized in that the chassis

made on a caterpillar track of rubber-metal caterpillars.