RU2376207C2 - Method of removing one object from another object and system to this effect - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft engineering.

SUBSTANCE: system for removing one object from another object comprises enclosed cab, evacuation system including parachute system representing gas-impermeable skin with devices designed to fill said skin with gas after ejection from first object and additional gas-impermeable skin. Data processing and evacuation control signal generation computer system is arranged inside aircraft cab. Proposed method consists in using above described system.

EFFECT: increased protection in accidents.

6 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technical means for removing one material object from another. These objects can be living or non-living forms of matter, bodies, machines, etc. For example, the invention can be attributed to means for emergency evacuation of people from objects of increased danger: from buildings, structures or vehicles, in all kinds of disasters, fires, earthquakes, etc. The invention is applicable for the delivery of goods for various purposes from one point in space and time to another point, including through space.

State of the art

A known method of removing one object from another by bailout. The method consists, for example, in ejecting the pilot's seat, opening the parachute system and lowering the seat together with the pilot on the parachute system (ed. St. No. 135766, class B64D 25/11, 1961).

The disadvantages of this method and device:

- the need to stabilize the chair in space for the deployment of parachutes,

- large overloads during the shooting of the seat from the vehicle, requiring good pilot training, insufficient pilot protection during the descent, possible falling into it of fast-flying aircraft debris, bullets,

- lack of protection of the pilot when landing or when launching.

A known method of ejection and ejection chair (RF patent No. 2102289).

The method relates to personal protection methods for pilots of aircraft, high-speed cars or speed boats. From the above objects, the pilot is removed by ejection together with a specially designed seat. In the process of ejection from the seat, a special parachute system, made in the form of gas-tight shells, is opened. Filling these shells with gas, they create an external protective layer. It also performs the function of the brake system due to the large surface of the inflated shells. The advantage of this method is the increased security of the pilot compared to the traditional method of bailout.

The disadvantages of the method: low human security in the initial phase of this process, when gas-tight shells have not yet been opened. This method cannot be used, for example, to evacuate people from an airplane at high altitude and high speed without a protective suit. A sharp pressure drop, lack of oxygen and a powerful blow from the oncoming, cold air stream can lead to serious injuries or death of aircraft passengers. With a sharp filling of gas-tight shells with gas, they can have a strong shock effect on a person, leading to injuries, for example, a broken arm or leg, concussion.

There is a known method of evacuating people from an object of their large concentration (application No. 2004110786).

In this method, people are quickly removed (evacuated) from objects of their large concentration (buildings or vehicles) on special platforms, for example, on single or multi-seat platforms made in the form of cabins. Around each cabin, a parachute system is disclosed in the form of gas-tight shells. The opening of the parachute system is carried out by filling these shells with gas, for example, by analogy with the gas filling process of automobile airbags. At the same time, the object from which emergency evacuation of people is carried out is performed with the possibility of ejecting a large number of these platforms away from this object. The aforementioned action requires substantial structural refinement of objects of a large crowd of people, for example, a fundamentally new design of the aircraft fuselage or installation of windows in the rooms or halls of buildings that automatically open to form openings and eject cabs with evacuated people through them. The dispersal of these platforms over the entire object of a large concentration of people and their installation in the immediate vicinity of the places most likely to find people can significantly accelerate the process of their evacuation from these objects.

The implementation of platforms in the form of strong, light, airtight cabins allows you to increase the security of people in the initial phase of evacuation, for example, to protect people from pressure drops and a sharp blow of the oncoming air stream when people are evacuated from the aircraft at high altitude and at high flight speed. Or, for example, to protect a person from falling glass, fragments of buildings or structures, as well as from psychological shock associated with fear of heights when evacuating people from an airplane or building during a fire or earthquake.

The disadvantage of this method is the long time required to prepare for the evacuation of people for reliable fixation of people inside the cabin. In a panic, people may not have time to reliably fix their position inside the cabin in accordance with the instructions and get injured during the evacuation, for example during a sharp ejection of the cabin from the object or when landing upside down.

Disclosure of invention

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the safety and security of one object when it is removed from another object.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to reduce the time required to prepare an object for the process of its removal from another object, for example, to reduce the time for preparing a person for the process of evacuation from a building, plane or rocket, after he got into these objects, the implementation of operational, reliable fixation of the evacuated object (cargo) of a previously unknown shape during its evacuation (transportation).

An additional technical result is an increase in the level of security of one object during and after its removal from another object.

To solve the problem with the achievement of the specified technical result, a device is used to remove an object of the first type from an object of the second type, containing a closed-form cabin, an evacuation system including a parachute system made in the form of gas-tight shells with a device for filling gas-tight shells with gas after being ejected to the side of object of the second type, at least one additional gas-tight shell, as well as computer systems located inside the said cabin processing information and generating control signals for said evacuation system.

To solve this problem, a method of removing an object of the first type from an object of the second type is used, which consists in using the aforementioned device to remove an object of the first type from an object of the second type.

Possible embodiments of the method, such that:

the object of the first type is one or more cars or cargo,

the object of the first type is one or more people,

the second type of object is a building or structure, such as a skyscraper,

the second type of object is a rocket, an airplane, a helicopter, a motor ship, a submarine, a torpedo, a boat, a train, a bus, and a car.

These advantages, as well as features of the present invention, will become apparent during a subsequent review of the following examples and embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

On figa schematically shows the design of a single cabin, in which a person is standing before its release.

On figb shows the design of a triple cabin with a seat, in which before its release there are two people.

Figure 1c schematically shows the design of a single cabin-bed.

Figure 2 schematically shows the cab for the emergency removal of people from high-rise buildings in the form of horizontally moving "elevators" or in the form of cabs installed in the lobby of the building.

Figure 3-7 schematically shows examples of the application of the invention in high-rise buildings and in transport.

On figa-8c shows possible embodiments of gas-tight shells that perform the function of stabilizers the spatial position of the cabs during their descent.

The best embodiment of the invention

When improving emergency equipment and systems for the emergency evacuation of people from high-risk facilities, the urgent task is to reduce the time required for reliable fixation of people when they are removed from another facility. For example, when using the method of evacuating people from objects of their large concentration, in which special cabins with gas-tight shells swelling around them are used as a means of rescue, the effectiveness of using such a system is mainly determined by the time necessary for reliable fixation of a person inside this cabin.

In known technical solutions, actions for fixing a person inside the cabin are carried out manually. The evacuated person is engaged in this.

When using seats with safety belts and other well-known means in the form of belts for fixing arms and legs, preparation for evacuation can take from several seconds to several minutes. In most emergency situations in conditions of panic, poor visibility due to smoke or darkness, this time can significantly increase and not allow timely removal of evacuated people from the high-risk facility.

If the evacuated people are not securely fixed inside the cockpit, they can get serious injuries during the evacuation process and even die, for example, breaking their neck, arms or legs during a sharp ejection of the cockpit, for example from an airplane, and resulting in large overloads.

Of particular interest are the tasks associated with the development of universal means of fixing or securing inanimate objects (cars, cargo) inside, for example, a rocket, transport container, descent capsule or other vehicle. The problem of creating a universal container for the rapid loading, transportation and unloading of cars, mechanisms or other goods of all kinds of previously unknown shapes is of great practical interest in a number of applied problems.

Similar tasks can be considered in a generalized form. For definiteness, we call an object to be removed or evacuated, for example, a person, a car, a cargo, an object of the first type. Accordingly, the object from which the evacuation is carried out is an object of the second type (airplane, building, planet, etc.). Then the generalized objective of the invention can be considered as a task aimed at the safe and prompt removal of an object of the first type from an object of the second type. The solution to this problem is aimed at finding methods and devices for their implementation that provide, in comparison with well-known technical solutions-analogues, reducing the time required for the safe removal of one object from another.

You should immediately pay attention to the fact that the statement of the problem of the invention does not include questions regarding, for example, how an object of the first type appeared in an object of the second type. Therefore, such a statement of the problem of the invention is quite limited, correct and meets the requirements of patenting of inventions.

Technical solutions to this problem can be stated in the independent claims. In the dependent claims, the content of essential features can be clarified, taking into account the solution of particular problems - options for the possible use of the methods according to the invention.

As analysis has shown, this problem can be solved if an object of the first type is removed from the object of the second type on platform 1, which has a closed cabin shape in front of the discharge and at the time of discharge.

The ejection of the platform 1 from the object of the second type is carried out using the device 2 ejection platform 1.

If, after the cabin is ejected, a parachute system consisting of gas-tight shells 4 is opened around it by means of a device 3 for filling gas-tight shells with gas, and before at least one additional gas-tight shell 5 is filled with gas inside the cabin (Figs. 1a-1c), then solve the general problem of the invention with the achievement of the above technical result.

Due to the last action, it is possible to extremely quickly and reliably fix an object of the first type inside the cabin and carry out its additional protection. This action automates the process of fixing any object of the first type inside the cabin without regard to its specific physical nature or form.

The device 3 can, along with the function of filling gas with gas-tight shells 4, 5, also perform the function of releasing gas from the shells at the final stage of this process.

Platform 1 may have various design options. An extremely general concept is used as an essential feature of a “cabin”. In its most general form, a cabin can be considered some spatially shaped solid, rigid structure, for example, a special cabin that resembles a container, an elevator cabin, a cabin of a ship, a train compartment, an aerial bomb, a torpedo, a cage, etc. The cabin can be made in the form of a small cabin for several passengers, in the form of a room or even in the form of a spaceship or its descent capsule. In the latter case, the statement of the problem can be formulated and considered as the evacuation of a person from one planet to another, for example, if one of the planets is in danger of catastrophe, or during research flights to other planets, for example, to Mars. In this case, device 2 is a rocket launcher and rocket engines. A cabin is a spaceship or a capsule descending to the surface of the same or another planet, where astronauts are located, machines - automatic devices - robots or other cargoes.

The cabin can be single or multi-seat. In it, a person can be standing (Fig. 1a), sitting (Fig. 1b) or lying down (Fig. 1c).

Platform 1 can be made, for example, in the form of a light, durable cabin with a door installed in the lobby of a high-rise building, in an apartment, office, as shown in FIG. 2. Or to be a structural-spatial, functional unit in an airplane, in a train, in a helicopter. These nodes can be made of the same type - sequentially installed cabins in the form of a train compartment or small, alternating airplane cabins, for example for 1-4 people with seats installed in them.

Such structures can be mounted on the vehicle’s supporting frame or skyscraper building frame in the form of adjacent cabin modules, which, using devices 2, can quickly be separated along the rails of any known structure away from the supporting frame or frame. Outside, the cabins can be closed with hatches, covers or detachable elements of the external housing, such as an airplane. The fuselage of such an aircraft may be similar to the fuselage of the spacecraft "Buran" or "Shuttle". The passenger cabin of such an aircraft can be made in the form of adjacent cabins and devices 2 for their release with a central aisle in a special compartment of the aircraft, like the cargo compartment of the Buran or Shuttle. The ejection of these cabins could be carried out in the upper space above the aircraft, as shown in Figure 4.

In the space rocket use of the proposed method, the platform 1 can be made in the form of a descent module or capsule with a hatch of a traditional design using the parachute system described above.

Variants of the execution of platforms 1 in the form of automatically assembled and / or disassembled structures, for example, with automatically folding or shooting walls or automatically opening doors, are possible.

Platform 1 can be made in the form of a folding bed, for example in the form of three longitudinal parts. The extreme parts can be automatically folded up towards each other, as shown in Figv. These sections can be rotated using any known mechanism based on hydraulic or mechanical systems, springs, etc. To increase the rigidity of the cab, the edges of the approaching parts of the bed can be connected, for example, by means of electromechanical locks. These actions are necessary for operative placement inside a similar, collapsible cabin design, for example, a sleeping or sick person who is not able to quickly, independently take a position in the cabin. In this embodiment, platform 1 is used for two purposes: as a bed and as a cabin for evacuating a person, for example, from a building.

Cabs can be ejected from buildings or structures using any known engine along guides of any known design through automatically opening windows or openings in a building, aircraft, ship, or from launch sites of cosmodromes of any known design.

Figure 2 shows the installation of four multi-seat cabins in the lobby of a high-rise building, for example, a previously built hotel or business center. The possibility of installing such cabins can be provided at the stage of development of design and technological documentation during the construction of new high-rise buildings.

For example, in newly constructed buildings, special niches in the form of horizontal shafts or corridors with installed elevator cabins and devices 2 for their discharge to the side of the building based on jet engines and rail guides can be provided. In such a shaft or corridor, an extinguishing system for the flame or removal of the products of the jet engine through a special ventilation shaft can be additionally installed. For this, it is economically feasible to use unified cabins. For example, 1-7 local cabins in the form of a complete functional module by analogy with typical elevators.

It is advisable to install cabins in each apartment of a high-rise building, as well as in the halls of high-rise buildings, such as hotels, - near the place of the most likely location of people. In case of fire, this will help to carry out emergency evacuation and rescue the vast majority of people cut off from other means of evacuation (elevators, stairs, helipads).

To facilitate the construction of vehicles or buildings, such cabins can be made of durable plastic, plastic, or by combining various materials, such as a titanium frame and a plastic case. With this approach, the design of new safe high-rise buildings and vehicles is greatly simplified.

When building buildings in seismically hazardous areas, you can use the following approach. Instead of traditional, monolithic brick or block-concrete structures, you can apply a combined technology based on the above cab designs and use traditional methods for building buildings. For example, in seismically hazardous areas, the load-bearing structure of a high-rise building can be made of metal or reinforced concrete elements - in the form of load-bearing trusses or frames, for example, tightened with vertical cables for stability at the base of the building. In niches of a similar design, cabs are installed with the possibility of penetration into them from the other premises of the building. Other rooms can be built in the traditional way, for example, using brickwork, reinforced concrete or other slabs. This building in the places where cabs are installed is decorated on the outside with decorative panels or, for example, light-emitting panels. Such panels may take the form of glass surfaces or surfaces with changing properties that perform additional functions, such as lighting or billboards. In the simplest case, the outer wall of the cabin is painted in the color of the building and does not stand out against the general background.

In a catastrophe, for example during a strong earthquake, the exterior, decorative cladding of the building is modified. For example, according to the signals from earthquake sensors, high temperature, smoke, the panels that mask the cabs automatically fold, fold or unfasten. They go down or hang down without interfering with the process of evacuating people from the building. In this case, the cabs are thrown away from the supporting structure of the building. And then they go down in accordance with the above process, for example, at a distance of 15-50 m from the building.

If, after landing, small objects fall on the cabin: glass, bricks, plaster, etc., then these objects, having hit the inflated gas-tight shells, fly off to the side of the outer shells 4. Thus, small objects in the form of broken brick, cement chips and other fragments of the building cannot fill the cabin and the people inside it. Piles of rubbish from the collapsing building are formed around the cabins, and she, jumping, gets out of this small rubbish and always gets on top of the rubble.

If, after landing, large heavy objects, such as plates, beams, fall not in the center, but from the side, then due to the elastic properties of the shells 4, the cabin shifts away from these objects. She flies like a balloon or ball to the side. If a group of plates or beams falls on the cab, then additional gas-tight shells 5 inside the cab perform a fundamentally new additional protective function. They, automatically deflating or inflating (more on this below), move a person or cargo into the free area of the cabin space if it is deformed under the influence of heavy plates or beams. At the same time, a person does not receive cut, stab wounds or fractures from direct sharp contact with falling objects. Shell 5 provide a soft gasket between the person, the body of the cab and fallen objects. Thus, such use of excess cabin space significantly increases the level of safety of people.

The proposed method can be used to solve the problems of expeditious delivery of special cargoes to various points of the globe or to other planets, for example, for carrying out humanitarian measures, providing urgent medical care or expeditious delivery of police and other units, delivering goods to remote mountain or northern regions, to military purposes, etc.

People for the implementation of these activities can be delivered to a given point in space on specially equipped aircraft or cruise missiles. Launch of cruise missiles can be carried out from the earth's surface, submarines or aircraft. Operational descent of these persons can be carried out by the method of "bombing" of special platforms. A similar method of delivering people can be carried out at high flight speeds and at extremely low altitudes, for example, at an altitude of the order of 10-50 m or through space. The method provides high accuracy of the landing of people, cars and / or cargo and a short time spent in the sky during the actual descent to the ground. The firing of such cabins from the ground or air is difficult, and the people inside the cabins are reliably protected by bulletproof shells 4, 5 and the cab body 1.

This method can also be used to deliver people or cargo ashore with special torpedo cabs. For example, such torpedoes can emerge at high speed from under water in the immediate vicinity of the shore (10-25 m) and, according to the signals of the depth measuring device, carry out sharp, safe braking near the shore by opening the parachute system around the torpedo according to the method described above . External gas-tight shells 4 will protect people in the torpedo cabin from impact, for example, on a rocky shore, and additional gas-tight shells 5 will protect people from injuries inside the torpedo cabin. In this way, you can extremely quickly and safely land the required number of people, for example, on a complex relief , rocky shore, or to the shore of a reservoir, or the frozen surface of a reservoir from under the ice. To do this, the torpedo body is made of durable materials or is equipped with an additional ice destruction system, for example, a charge of the directed principle of action mounted on the nose of a torpedo, or an additional torpedo.

To reduce the overloads that an object of the first type can experience, additional gas-tight shells 5 can be configured to maintain a pressure in them at a certain level. This level can be programmed in accordance with the parameters of the object of the first type. For example, the device 3 may include internal pressure sensors of additional gas-tight shells 5 and / or gas-tight shells 4. The device 3 can control the operation of the inlet and outlet valves for supplying gas to these shells. For example, if the pressure in the gas-tight shells is lower than required, then the device 3 initiates the operation of the system filling the shell 5 with gas. In this case, the outlet valves of the shells 5 are closed. If the pressure in the shells exceeds the required level, then the outlet valves of the shells 5 are opened until the pressure inside the shells decreases to the required level, etc. Gas from the shells 5 can be discharged outside the cabin. The implementation of the above automatic pressure control system can be performed using technical solutions described, for example, in RF patents No. 2072072, 2070979, 2076801. In these inventions, devices for controlling the modes of firing of charges with electric start and devices for programmatically maintaining pressure in the working chamber of the engine are described or a construction tool. Using these devices, it is also possible to carry out the initial gas filling of gas-tight shells 4, if instead of the working chamber the space of gas-tight shells is used.

When filling gas with additional gas-tight shells 5, these shells allow you to tightly press a person or other object inside the cabin. Thus, they fill in the excess space of the cabin and do not allow the object of the first type to sharply move inside the cabin during accelerations.

Shell 5 work like a spring with programmable stiffness, protect the object of the first type, not allowing, for example, to break the arm, or the spine of a person, or the protruding part of the load with large loads.

This pressure control system can allow the use, for example, of a three-seater cabin for one or two people (Fig.1b) and to carry out emergency evacuation of people as soon as possible. People, having jumped into the cockpit, press a button or initiate the launch of the shell filling system 5 with a voice command. Then the system quickly, automatically fixes them, clamping them between the shells 5 or between the seat and the shell 5, and as quickly as possible evacuates from the object of increased danger.

The time for filling gas with additional gas-tight shells 5 can be, for example, on the order of several tenths of a second. This time is chosen so as not to injure a person or damage the load during a sharp gas filling of the shells 5.

Shell 5 have a shape and are filled with gas in such a way as to allow breathing and slight movement for a person inside the cabin.

It is possible to install temperature sensors in the cabin that can control the process of heating a person. For example, when the temperature inside the cabin drops below 16 degrees, a signal is generated by the temperature sensor, initiating a pyrotechnic cartridge, the gases of which enter the shell 5 and heat its surface, or an electric heating pad is turned on by this signal. The shell 5 thus heated does not allow a person to cool down, for example, during a plane crash over uninhabited northern regions or in space.

The shells 4 and / or 5 can be made of high-strength fabric, capable of preserving the integrity of these shells when exposed to sharp, hard objects, such as fragments or fragments of an airplane, sharp stones, reinforcement, building windows, bullets, etc.

Using the above method and devices for its implementation, it is possible to construct safety systems capable of carrying out an evacuation process during engine failure or an airplane explosion or during a devastating earthquake using signals from appropriate sensors, for example, like sensors controlling the operation of airbags in an automobile.

For example, a radar system can be installed on the roof of a skyscraper that records all air targets near this building, as well as a computer information processing and control signal generation system for emergency evacuation of people from the building during an unauthorized approach of an airplane or rocket to the skyscraper. Manual control of the evacuation system is also possible.

Figure 3-7 schematically shows the processes of evacuation of people from various objects of their large concentration.

Inside the cabin, a small-sized computer can be installed that controls the operation of all nodes of the evacuation system, as well as all kinds of tools to prompt optimal actions, display the external environment or life support parameters. For example, inside the cabin can be installed: air conditioning, oxygen or breathing mask, communications, food, as well as, for example, an interactive voice control system for filling gas-tight shells 4, 5 and opening the cabin.

To stabilize the cabin in space during a long descent, for example from an airplane, at least one of the gas-tight enclosures 4 can perform the function of stabilizing the position of the cabin in space. It can be made, for example, larger than other shells of 4 sizes - in the form of the tail of a parachute system (Fig. 8a), or a small additional parachute 6 can be attached to it (Fig. 8b), or an inflatable balloon 7 - a stabilizer (Fig. .8c). Through the use of these stabilizers, the cabin lands or lands on the water in an optimal position.

This technical solution also allows to solve the problem of the invention to increase the safety and security of the object of the first type when it is removed from the object of the second type. Therefore, these inventions can be combined within the framework of one application, and the corresponding methods can be described as independent and dependent claims.

The proposed methods can be used for prompt delivery to a given point in the space of scientific research equipment and other cargoes, for example, robot soldiers, using military bomber aircraft.

For the delivery of such objects of the first type, unified cockpits can be used, made, for example, in the form of standard aerial bombs of a suitable size or warheads of cruise or intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Industrial applicability

The proposed method is applicable in construction to increase the level of safety during the operation of high-rise buildings, structures, in aviation, automotive, shipbuilding, railway transport, and in the space field.

Claims (6)

1. A device for removing an object of the first type from an object of the second type, comprising a closed-form cabin, an evacuation system including a parachute system made in the form of gas-tight shells with a device for filling gas-tight shells with gas after ejecting at least one from the side of the second type additional gas-tight shell, as well as a computer system for processing information and generating control signals for the said evacuation system located inside the said cabin. 2. The method of removing an object of the first type from an object of the second type, which consists in using the device, characterized in that the device is used to remove the object of the first type from the object of the second type according to claim 1. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the object of the first type is one or more machines or cargo. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the object of the first type is one or more people. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the object of the second type is a building or structure, such as a skyscraper. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the object of the second type is a rocket, plane, helicopter, motor ship, submarine, torpedo, boat, train, bus and car.

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