RU2171206C1 - Method of emergency evacuation of passengers from aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue aids for passengers. SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in using at least one rescue capsule which forms passenger cabin. Capsule is placed in one-piece fuselage and includes parachute with doorways. Elongated shaped charges are located in fuselage along its case and over circle between pilot cabin, rescue capsule and tail section. During evacuation, doorways of rescue capsule are closed and explosive cutting of case by shaped charges is effected for separation of rescue capsule from pilot cabin, tail section and skin of fuselage and parachute is developed. EFFECT: extended range of situations when passengers and cargoes may be rescued. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to aviation, means of rescuing passengers from an aircraft and can be used to create promising aircraft - with increased passenger safety.

 Analysis of aviation accidents shows that a modern approach to the safety of aircraft passengers should suggest the possibility of their evacuation from an aircraft in a crash in the altitude range from several tens of meters to several kilometers, smooth descent and soft landing, search and detection, vital functions before being detected by rescuers.

 A technical solution is known (patent US N 4699336, class B 64 C 1/32, 244-140, 1987) for the design of an aircraft with a detachable sealed passenger compartment, where the aircraft contains a device for ejecting the passenger compartment from the fuselage of the main section when the aircraft is in an emergency, and a device for smoothly lowering the passenger compartment to the ground.

 The disadvantages of this technical solution are the weakening of the rigidity of the aircraft structure, the relative duration of the evacuation operations and the need for their mechanical implementation, which, as a rule, is impossible in real emergency situations.

 A technical solution is known (patent RU N 2021164, B 64 C 1/32, 1994) for an airbus, where its fuselage consists of several parts by the number of sections of the passenger compartment, which are inseparably attached to the corresponding sections of the passenger compartment, while the adjacent sections are equipped with means for separation from each other and sealing devices, and means for separating sections of the cabin, wings and tail are made in the form of pyro-bolts.

 A technical solution is known (patent RU N 2045858, B 64 C 1/32, 1996) for a passenger aircraft with emergency and rescue modules, which contains a passenger cabin in which at least one emergency and rescue module is located, which is the compartment of the cabin, this one side wall forms the outer contour of the fuselage, is an element of its power circuit, and the other side wall faces the central aisle of the aircraft and is made with a sealed door.

 The main disadvantage of the above technical solutions is the modular-sectional design of the fuselage, which reduces its rigidity and adversely affects the level of safety of aircraft operation.

 The purpose of the present invention is to expand the range of aircraft emergency situations in which the rescue of passengers and cargo becomes real.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the aircraft, the passenger compartment of which consists of at least one rescue capsule located in the whole fuselage, devices are placed for cutting the aircraft body, during evacuation the doorways of the rescue capsule are closed, cutting is performed, and the rescue capsule is separated from the parts aircraft, open a parachute. Devices for cutting the body of the aircraft are cumulative charges, the detonation of which carries out explosive cutting of the body of the aircraft. They can also be devices that use the effect of a directed explosion.

In FIG. 1 shows a layout of devices for separating capsules from one another and from parts of an airplane in an airplane;
in FIG. 2, 3 - diagram of the separation of capsules from each other, from the tail and nose of the aircraft and from the skin and bottom of the fuselage;
in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a descent capsule with a parachute.

 The fuselage of the aircraft 1 is made integral. At least one passenger capsule 2 (hereinafter referred to as the capsule) is located in the aircraft fuselage in the form of a sealed (with closed doorways) autonomous compartment of the passenger compartment with passenger seats located there, upper luggage compartments and other attributes of the passenger compartment, portholes paired with fuselage portholes, a parachute discharged through the hatch. They are interconnected by mating doorways, which in case of emergency are forcibly closed hermetically, and with the fuselage body through horizontal guides. In the bottom of the capsule, it is possible to place inflatable shock-absorbing cylinders having an autonomous gas filling system. The walls of the capsule 2 are made insulated and power. The capsule may be equipped with a lighting and air conditioning system operating from an autonomous energy supply system after the capsule is separated from the fuselage. One or more capsules make up the passenger cabin of the aircraft. Capsules are placed (inserted) in the fuselage of the aircraft during its construction. Along the inner surface of the fuselage body, horizontal guides are provided that determine the position of the capsule, fix them, provide rigidity to the capsule-fuselage structure. The guiding capsules are installed in the guides of the fuselage body in a strictly horizontal direction, and therefore, during emergency evacuation of the capsule, they will not impede and delay the separation of parts of the cut fuselage sheathing from it by an incoming oncoming air stream. The capsule is located on the power beams of the fuselage, which are attached to the fuselage body racks.

 In the fuselage along its body and the circles between the pilot's cabin, capsules and the tail part (Fig. 1, 2), devices (means) 3 are placed that provide separation (cutting) of the fuselage body (Fig. 3) to release the capsules in case of emergency. These can be built-in charges (cumulative, powder, pyro cartridge, etc.) of directional action, cutting the fuselage skin around the circumference and along the horizontal. For example, devices 3 can be elongated cumulative charges (KZU), the detonation of which (using an electric detonator) performs an almost instantaneous explosive cutting of the aircraft body, which will lead to the separation of the tail and nose parts from the rescue capsules, the skin of the aircraft. It is envisaged to place devices 3 at the points of attachment of the wings of the aircraft to the fuselage for their separation perpendicular to the movement of the aircraft.

 Powerful on-board computers of the aircraft equipped with appropriate programs reflecting the entire experience of emergency situations accumulated by aviation and their possible options should assess the degree of accident rate of a situation, make decisions on the evacuation of passengers. The world experience of air accidents shows that their main causes are technical breakdowns, sabotage, errors of pilots or ground services, natural phenomena. Most of these accidents occur already at a sufficient height from the ground, and with qualified and quick management of the organization of the evacuation of capsules it becomes quite possible to save passengers. Every second is important here, which a powerful computer can use better. After assessing the situation as an emergency on-board computers, depending on the altitude of the aircraft, its speed of fall, the time required to bring the capsules ready for evacuation, the evacuation options are activated. The main thing here for choosing an option will be the time necessary to ensure inhibition of the speed of the descent capsule to an acceptable landing surface before it touches.

 Consider a sample emergency evacuation scheme for rescue capsules in the passenger compartment. Initially an emergency alarm is announced, after which, depending on the available time reserve, the doorways of the capsules are forcibly closed immediately or after a few seconds. Then, in a certain sequence, commands are given to actuate the devices 3, first cutting off the tail part 4 (Fig. 2) and the wings of the aircraft (not shown) from the fuselage, and then successively from each other the capsules of the passenger compartment to the nose 5. This is the procedure for separating the parts of the aircraft caused by safety reasons for the capsules being evacuated, taking into account the direction and speed of flight. In parallel with the separation of the capsules from each other around the circumference of the fuselage, the fuselage sheathing devices 3 are cut in length. The result of the operation of the devices 3 and the incoming air flow will be quick, in a split second after the explosive cutting, the release of the capsules from the cut parts of the fuselage skin 6 (Fig. 3). At the command of the on-board computer, taking into account the position of the capsule 2 in space, the parachute 7 is displayed and the soft landing stage begins (Fig. 4). To accelerate the withdrawal of the parachute from the capsule, you can use devices already known in practice, for example, a mini-rocket. In the bow of the aircraft it is necessary to provide for the possibility of sealing the cockpit, placing a parachute of sufficient power to ensure its soft landing or bailout of the crew.

 In connection with the new functionality and design of the rescue capsule, it is proposed to name it - the aviation passenger autonomous rescue capsule - APAKS, and the method of its evacuation from the aircraft and soft landing - “APAKS System”.

Claims (1)

 A method for emergency evacuation of rescue capsules from an airplane, where the passenger cabin is at least one rescue capsule located in the whole fuselage, which includes a parachute and doorways, characterized in that in the fuselage along its body and around the circumference between the pilot cabin, rescue capsule and elongated cumulative charges are placed in the tail section, during evacuation, the doorways of the rescue capsule are closed, explosive cutting of the body is carried out by cumulative charges, separating the rescue the capsule from the pilot's cockpit, tail and fuselage skin open a parachute.

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