RU2207301C2 - Method of emergency evacuation from helicopter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation; passenger and flying vehicle rescue equipment; designing promising helicopters at enhanced safety for passengers. SUBSTANCE: helicopter has rescue capsule located in fuselage and made in form of passenger cabin. Elongated shaped charges are located in fuselage along its case and over circumference between nose part of pilot cabin, central part of self-contained capsule and tail section, as well as at point of attachment of rotor to fuselage . In case of evacuation, doorways of rescue capsule are closed and explosion cutting of fuselage is performed by means of shaped charges for separation of capsule from rotor, nose section, tail section and fuselage skin and parachute is deployed. EFFECT: extended field of application. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to aviation, means of rescuing passengers from an aircraft and can be used to create promising helicopters with increased passenger safety.

 A device for rescuing a high-speed aircraft is known, comprising a parachute and a rocket connected in series, connected to the hull by three cables (US patent 3721408, class B 64 D 17/37, 03.20.73).

 The disadvantages of this technical solution is the inability to use at low altitude, can not be used for a helicopter, because propeller blades will cut the parachute.

 The purpose of the present invention is to expand the range of helicopter emergency situations in which the rescue of passengers and cargo becomes real.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a helicopter, the passenger cabin of which consists of at least one rescue capsule located in the fuselage, devices for cutting the helicopter body are placed, during evacuation the doorways of the rescue capsule are closed, cutting is performed, and the rescue capsule is separated from the helicopter parts open the parachute. Devices for cutting the helicopter body are cumulative charges, the detonation of which carries out explosive cutting of the helicopter body. Devices for cutting the body of the helicopter are made with the possibility of using the effect of a directed explosion.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a General view of the helicopter and the placement of devices for separating the capsule from the parts of the helicopter.

 In FIG. 2 and 3 show a diagram of the separation of the capsule from the tail and nose of the helicopter, propeller and skin and the bottom of the fuselage.

 In FIG. 4 depicts a descent diagram of a capsule with a parachute.

 The helicopter contains a housing 1, a screw 5 with blades (figure 1). The fuselage of the helicopter consists of a bow 2, a central 3 and a tail 4 parts. In the central part 3, there is an aviation passenger autonomous rescue capsule 8 (hereinafter referred to as the capsule), made in the form of a sealed (with closed doorways) autonomous compartment of the passenger compartment. In the upper part of the capsule is placed a parachute 10, ejected through the hatch 9. In the bottom of the capsule, it is possible to place inflatable shock-absorbing cylinders having an autonomous gas filling system. The walls of the capsule 8 are made insulated and power. The capsule can be equipped with a lighting and air conditioning system, operating from an autonomous energy supply system after separating the capsule from the fuselage. The capsule makes up the passenger cabin of the helicopter. The capsule is connected to the body by the power beams of the fuselage floor through horizontal guides that are located along the inner surface of the helicopter fuselage body and determine the position of the capsule, fix them, provide the “capsule - fuselage” design rigidity. Capsule 8 is placed (inserted) into the fuselage of the helicopter during its construction.

 The guide capsules are installed in the reciprocal guides of the fuselage body in a strictly horizontal direction, therefore, during emergency evacuation of the capsule, they will not impede and delay the separation of parts of the cut fuselage skin from the oncoming oncoming air stream.

 In the fuselage along its body and the circles between the pilot's cabin, the capsule and the tail are placed (built-in) devices (means) 7, providing separation (cutting) of the fuselage body to release the capsule in case of emergency. For example, these can be built-in charges (cumulative, powder, pyro-cartridges, etc.) of directional action, cutting the fuselage skin around the circumference and along the horizontal. For example, devices 7 can be elongated cumulative charges (KZU), the detonation of which (using an electric detonator) carries out almost instantaneous explosive cutting of the helicopter body, which leads to the separation of the tail and nose parts from the rescue capsule, the lining of the fuselage of the helicopter. It is envisaged to place devices 7 at the points of attachment of the helicopter screw to the fuselage for its separation from the helicopter.

 Powerful on-board computers of the helicopter equipped with appropriate programs reflecting the entire experience of emergency situations accumulated by aviation and possible accident scenarios should assess the degree of accident situation, make decisions on the evacuation of passengers. After evaluating the situation as an emergency on-board computers, depending on the altitude of the helicopter, the speed of its fall, the time required to bring the capsules ready for evacuation, the evacuation options are activated. The main thing here for choosing an option will be the time necessary to ensure inhibition of the speed of the descent capsule to an acceptable landing surface before it touches.

 Consider a capsule emergency evacuation scheme.

 After assessing the specific situation as an emergency and requiring evacuation of passengers, the on-board computers begin the implementation of the corresponding capsule evacuation program, which will be carried out as a general approximation as follows. Initially an emergency alarm is announced, after which, depending on the available time reserve, the doorways of the capsule are forcibly closed immediately or several seconds later. Then, in a certain sequence, commands are given to operate the devices 7, first cutting off the tail part 4 and the helicopter screw 5 (not shown) from the fuselage, and then from the pilot's cabin 2 capsule 8 (Fig. 2). This order of separation of the parts of the helicopter is caused by safety reasons for the evacuated capsule, taking into account the direction and speed of flight. In parallel with the separation of the capsule from the pilot's cabin around the circumference of the fuselage, the fuselage sheathing devices 7 cut along the length of the fuselage (FIG. 3). The result of the operation of the devices 7 and the incoming air flow will be quick, in a split second after the explosive cutting, the capsule is released from the cut parts of the fuselage skin. At the command of the on-board computer, taking into account the position of the capsule in space, the parachute 10 is displayed and the soft landing stage begins (Fig. 4). To accelerate the withdrawal of the parachute from the capsule, you can use devices already known in practice, such as a mini-rocket. After landing (splashdown) of the capsule, the corresponding emergency means of communication, signaling, and life support are activated. In the bow of the helicopter it is necessary to provide for the possibility of sealing the cockpit, placing a parachute of sufficient power to ensure its soft landing or bailout of the crew.

 If there is not enough time to use the above-described rescue equipment (if a helicopter falls from a small height of several tens of meters), to reduce the consequences of accidents, it is necessary to provide for the placement of shock-absorbing materials in the walls between the capsule walls and the fuselage body.

Claims (1)

 A method for emergency evacuation of a rescue capsule from a helicopter containing a propeller with blades and a fuselage, consisting of the bow with the cockpit, the central and tail parts, where the passenger compartment is located in the central part, made in the form of an autonomous rescue capsule with doorways and a parachute, characterized in that in the fuselage along its body and in circles between the bow with the cockpit, the central part with an autonomous capsule and the tail and in the place where the screw is attached to the fuselage e shaped charges, evacuation closed doorways Rescue capsule shaped charges carried explosive cutting fuselage separating rescue capsule of the screw, the bow with the cockpit, and the tail section of the fuselage skin, open chute.

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