WO2018063027A1

WO2018063027A1 - Cone crusher with a modernized seal

Info

Publication number: WO2018063027A1
Application number: PCT/RU2017/000644
Authority: WO
Inventors: Константин Евсеевич БЕЛОЦЕРКОВСКИЙ
Original assignee: Константин Евсеевич БЕЛОЦЕРКОВСКИЙ
Priority date: 2016-09-30
Filing date: 2017-09-05
Publication date: 2018-04-05
Also published as: RU2628276C1

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for crushing and disintegrating various materials and can be used in cone crushers, in particular in systems for sealing cone crushers. A cone crusher comprises a housing with an external cone and an internal crushing cone disposed inside the latter, and a sealing system consisting of an elastic sealing collar and a system for attaching same to the internal cone and to a support of the internal cone. The system for attaching the collar comprises an annular insert and a mounting groove on the internal cone, and a mounting projection on the support of the internal cone, wherein the annular insert has a T-shaped cross section. The sealing system prevents solid particles from penetrating into a free movement gap and reduces wear on the movable parts of the machine.

Description

Upgraded cone crusher

The invention relates to the field of heavy engineering, to crushing grinding equipment, in particular to any cone crushers, and can be used in technological processes in the construction and mining and processing industries.

It is known from the prior art that any cone crusher comprises a housing with an outer cone and an internal crushing cone located inside it, the surfaces of which face each other form a crushing chamber. The internal crushing cone is mounted on a cone support, for example spherical, and has a drive shaft connected to the drive transmission. The drive transmission drives the internal crushing cone.

From the crushing chamber, crushed material under the action of its own weight enters the unloading zone of the finished product located inside the casing. Thus, in the aforementioned discharge zone, a stream of solid particles of various sizes is inevitably and constantly formed, from the elements of the finest dust to large parts of the crushed material.

All moving parts of the machine operate using oil lubricants. Oil is supplied to all moving parts of the machine from a single system, including an oil line, a filter system and an oil station, which supplies oil under pressure to the oil line.

In some voids between the moving elements of the machine, zones of so-called oil mist are formed. One of the zones of oil mist is located under the inner crushing cone, around the support of said cone.

An important structural element of any cone crusher is the seal - a device that prevents the penetration of the processed material and other types of solid particles into the internal working area of the machine, filled with oil and oil mist.

An additional complication lies in the fact that the internal crushing cone performs a complex rotation-swing motion during operation, the nature of which depends on the particular design of the drive of the cone crusher, with unpredictable working deflection angles and rotational speeds. When solid parts of the processed material fall into the oil mist region, the working properties of the oil deteriorate, dust particles have an abrasive effect on the mating surfaces. The movable elements of the machine receive insufficient lubrication, the characteristics of the aforementioned mating surfaces change, as a result of which the gaps in the sliding bearings increase, the wear of the working surfaces is accelerated, up to the failure of the machine parts and their forced replacement.

In addition, oil pipelines and oil filters are clogged by impurities, therefore, both filters and the oil itself require frequent replacement, while energy costs increase.

The invention is known, “Cone inertial crusher with improved sealing”, patent Ν ° 2 591 119 (RU), priority 03/17/2015, which is taken as a prototype. According to this invention, the known construction of an inertial cone crusher comprises a housing, an outer cone supported on a foundation through elastic shock absorbers, and an inner cone placed inside it on a spherical support. An unbalance is mounted on the drive shaft of the inner cone by means of a sliding sleeve. The unbalance slide bush is connected to the transmission disk clutch, which in turn is connected to the gear wheel and the anti-imbalance mounted on the slide bush with the possibility of forming a single moving dynamic unit. The oil mist zone is located below the inner movable cone, around its spherical support and is separated from the unloading zone of the finished product inside the housing by at least one sealing system. The inner movable cone and the spherical support are each made with a curly circular protrusion. The sealing system includes at least one sealing element made in the form of a circular closed cuff of elastic material and a mounting system for this cuff. The sealing element is fixed on one side to a curved circular protrusion of the inner cone, and on the other hand to a circular protrusion of a spherical support. The system of fastening the sealing element to the inner cone includes a labyrinth seal element made in the “U” shape and a clamp, and fastening to the circular protrusion of the spherical support is carried out using a clamp. The sealing element can be made in the form of a longitudinally corrugated cuff; in the form of a straight cuff; in the form of a cuff in the form of an arched one and a half; or in the form of a cuff in the form of a concave inward one and a half. "U" - shaped the labyrinth seal element can be made with a protrusion, for which it is fixed using a special clamping ring, which in turn is bolted to the cone. This solution assumes that the element of the labyrinth seal is kept in full contact with the figured circular protrusion or due to the springy and supporting action of the elastic material of the cuff, made especially for this with a margin of height; or due to a special figured protrusion that extends beyond the pressure ring. In this case, the clamping ring captures the said protrusion and is rigidly fixed to the cone by bolts. In both cases, the cone remains mobile relative to the labyrinth seal element. Particles of finished products from the unloading zone do not penetrate the sealing collar, since the system does not have through penetrating holes and / or slots, on the other hand, oil from the working zone penetrates no further than the gap between the labyrinth seal and the circular protrusion, additionally lubricating the friction surfaces of these parts.

However, in practice, such a technical solution has a number of significant drawbacks.

During the operation of any cone crusher, it becomes necessary to remove and install the movable cone, for example, for the purpose of refining or for any other reason.

During dismantling, manual disconnection of the labyrinth seal elements from the cone is required. During installation, when installing the cone from above, it is necessary to precisely coordinate the axis of symmetry of the cone and the sealing collar so that the labyrinth seal element of the complex "U" -shaped shape is clearly installed in its intended place on the inner cone. The described operations are complex, time-consuming, requiring special equipment and tools, as well as highly qualified staff.

During the operation of the cone crusher, it is assumed that the entire sealing system, rigidly connected to the spherical support, remains in place, while the cone makes a movement, including rotation around its axis. To do this, between the element of the labyrinth seal and the cone, a clearance is provided. Solid dust particles can fall into the aforementioned clearance between the element of the labyrinth seal and the cone and prevent the free mutual movement of the cone and the labyrinth seal relative to each other. As a result, it will lead to tension and breakage of the elastic sealing cuff.

Thus, the proposed sealing system is too complicated to install and not reliable enough.

The aim of the present invention is the creation of such a design of the sealing unit, which allows hermetically isolate two media inside the case of the crushing unit: the area of oil mist and the discharge area of the finished product. At the same time, the sealing assembly should allow the inner cone to freely rotate and swing along a random trajectory, be easy to install and disassemble, economical and reliable in operation.

This goal can be achieved by improving the known sealing system, in which the sealing element creates an inextricable physical barrier between two insulated environments, at the same time has a simplified mounting system. The fastening should, on the one hand, hold the sealing element in place when the internal crushing cone makes a swing motion, on the other hand, should allow the cone to freely rotate, without violating the insulating function.

The tasks are solved in a cone crusher with a modernized seal, which contains:

a housing supported on a foundation through elastic shock absorbers, an external cone and an internal crushing cone placed inside it on a support, forming a crushing chamber between themselves, connected to the discharge zone of the finished product,

the drive shaft of the inner cone is connected to the drive transmission,

the working zone formed by the internal crushing cone and its support is separated from the discharge zone of the finished product by at least one sealing system, the sealing system includes at least one sealing element made in the form of an annular closed cuff of elastic material, and its mounting system,

the support of the internal crushing cone is made with a curly annular protrusion located along the entire perimeter of the support;

the sealing element is fixed on one side to the inner crushing cone by means of a fastening system, and on the other hand, on said annular protrusion of the support of the inner crushing cone using a clamp; the sealing element is fixed with the possibility of its deformation in any direction when the internal crushing cone deviates from the vertical axis of the crusher at any angle of the working range.

The cone crusher is characterized by the following characteristic features.

The inner crushing cone is made with a curly annular groove located along the outer circumference of the base of the cone.

The system of fastening the sealing element to the inner crushing cone includes an annular insert, which is attached to the sealing element by a clamp.

The annular insert has a "T" -shaped section, and the horizontal component of the "T" -shaped section is made with the circular geometry of the upper generatrix.

The cross-sectional profile of the curly annular groove on the inner crushing cone is fully consistent with the profile of the circular generatrix of the horizontal component of the “T” -shaped section of the said ring insert.

The cone crusher has the following additional characteristic features.

The horizontal component of the "T" -shaped section of the annular insert is made with complex circular geometry of the upper generatrix.

The annular insert has an annular lubricating groove on the circular upper shape of its "T" -shaped section.

The annular insert has at least one directional dust-removable edge on a circular upper form "T" -shaped.

The annular insert has at least one directional dust-removable edge located on each of the sides on a circular upper forming “T” -shaped section.

The annular insert has three directed dust-removable edges located on each of the sides on a circular “T” -shaped upper generatrix.

The depth of the annular groove on the inner crushing cone is equal to the height of the circular-shaped upper generatrix of the horizontal component of the “T” -shaped section of the said annular insert. The depth of the annular groove on the inner crushing cone is greater than the height of the circular circular upper generatrix of the horizontal component of the "T" -shaped section of the said annular insert.

The depth of the annular groove on the inner crushing cone is less than the height of the circular-shaped upper generatrix of the horizontal component of the “T” -shaped section of the said annular insert.

The sealing element is made in the form of a longitudinally corrugated cuff. The sealing element is made in the form of a straight cuff.

The sealing element is made in the form of a cuff in the form of a half bent outward.

The sealing element is made in the form of a cuff in the form of one and a half concave inward.

The sealing element is made with thickenings in the places of fastening of the clamps. The annular insert is made with an installation recess in the place of attachment of the clamp on the vertical generatrix of its "T" -shaped section.

On the circular protrusion of the support of the internal crushing cone, an installation recess is made in the place of attachment of the clamp.

The essence of the present invention is illustrated by the following figures.

In FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a cone crusher part showing the location of insulated media and the sealing system in cross-section.

In FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the internal crushing cone, a fragment of the support of the internal crushing cone, as well as a sealing system mounted on these elements, when the internal crushing cone is deflected by an angle a, in a transverse section.

In FIG. 3 shows a sealing cuff shown in three quarters, complete with a fastening system, in the embodiment in the form of a half-curved outward.

In FIG. 4 is a fragment of a sealing system showing the relative position of insulated media.

In FIG. 5 shows four possible embodiments of the sealing collar.

In FIG. Figures 6 and 7 show fragments of a sealing system showing embodiments of an annular insert. The invention is structurally implemented as follows.

The cone crusher has a housing 1, an outer cone 2 and an inner crushing cone 3 with armor 6 mounted on it, FIG. 1. The inner crushing cone 3 is mounted on the support 4, while the outer cone 2 and the inner crushing cone 3 with armor 6 form a crushing chamber between them. The shaft 5 of the internal crushing cone 3 is connected to the drive transmission, driving the cone 3 in motion, resulting in crushing of the material. The cone 2 is fixed in the adjusting ring 23 using the locking mechanism 14. The adjusting ring 23, in turn, using the main ring 8, is fixed in the housing 1. The lock nut 9 prevents the adjustment ring 23 from turning around its axis using hydraulic cylinders 7. The crushed material from the receiving hopper 13 enters through the crushing chamber into the finished product unloading zone 11. The finished product unloading zone 11 is a technological continuation of the crushing chamber and is located inside the crusher body 1. The working area 10, filled with oil mist, is located between the inner crushing cone 3 and the support of the cone 4.

At least one sealing system is mounted between the inner crushing cone 3 and its pore 4, which isolates the working zone 10 from the discharge zone of the finished product 11. The annular groove 21 is located around the entire circumference of the base of the inner crushing cone 3, FIG. 4. Support 4 of the internal crushing cone 3 is made with a curly annular protrusion 20 located around the entire perimeter of the support.

The sealing system consists of at least one sealing element made in the form of a circular closed cuff 12 (sealing cuff 12) of an elastic material and its fastening system. The mounting system of the sealing collar 12 includes an annular insert 15 connected to the collar 12 by means of a clamp 18. The annular insert 15 is placed in the annular mounting groove 21 on the inner crushing cone 3. The cross-sectional profile of the groove 21 and the cross-sectional profile of the annular insert 15 must be strictly coordinated.

The retention of the annular insert 15 within the groove 21 is due to the spring-loaded effect of the sealing collar 12, the height hi and the rigidity of the elastic material of which for this purpose are calculated specifically for each machine size. On the other hand, the sealing sleeve 12 is rigidly fixed to the curly annular protrusion 20 of the support of the inner cone 4 with a clamp 19.

If the sealing sleeve 12 has thickenings in the attachment points, an installation recess is made on the annular protrusion 20 along the entire circumference of the protrusion, in the place of the clamp 19 attachment. On the vertical component of the “T” -shaped section of the annular insert 15, an installation recess 17 is also made on the entire circumference insert 15, in the place of attachment of the clamp 18.

The sealing system is mounted rotatably relative to it of the internal crushing cone 3. There are no gaps between the friction surfaces of the annular insert 15 and the installation groove 21. The inner cone 3 moves freely, while the penetration of solid particles from zone 11 does not occur.

The sealing collar 12 itself may be made of elastic material in any of the embodiments shown in FIG. 5: in the form of a corrugated cuff (option a), in the form of a reverse "S-shaped" cuff (option b), in the form of an one and a half bent outward (option c), and in the form of a one and a half concave inward (option d). On the circular upper generatrix of the "T" -shaped section of the annular insert 15, an annular lubricating groove 22 for grease can be made.

The annular insert 15 may have one or several directed dust-removable edges 16 located on each of the sides on a circular upper forming “T” -shaped section. In particular, in FIG. 3, an enlarged leader is shown, on which the annular insert 15 on each side has three directed dust-removable edges 16, this option is optimal.

The installation groove 21 may be equal to, greater or lesser in depth than the annular insert 15. The choice of the optimal groove depth 21 depends on the specific operating conditions of the crusher.

The invention works as follows.

From the engine, the torque is transmitted to the drive transmission system. The drive transmission system drives the drive shaft 5 of the inner crushing cone 3, which causes the inner crushing cone 3 together with the armor 6 to run on the outer cone 2 through a layer of crushed material. From the crushing chamber, crushed material under the influence of its own weight penetrates into the discharge zone of the finished product 11. In operation, internal crushing cone 3 s the armor 6 simultaneously performs a rotation movement around its axis and a swing motion along a random trajectory, with an unpredictable amplitude and deflection angle α, in the range from 0 ° to 5 °. An example of rocking, i.e. deviation of the inner cone 3 from the vertical axis of the crusher by an angle a, is shown in FIG. 2. The sealing sleeve 12 at the time of such a deviation follows the behavior of the inner cone 3, is pulled towards the deflection of the cone 3 and is assembled from the opposite side. For this, the size and stiffness of the cuff web 12 is selected so that at the maximum deflection angle a, the cuff web should not be stretched to a critical value and risk of tearing, and on the other hand, it should not wrinkle and break.

In the case of rotation of the inner crushing cone 3 around its axis, the annular insert 15 slides along the annular groove of the cone 3. In this case, the elastic cuff 12 experiences longitudinally-diagonal tension, resisting the rotational moment, and the entire sealing system remains stationary, the support point of which is rigidly fixed system to the annular protrusion 20 of the fixed support 4. An additional factor enhancing the resistance of the cuff 12 to bending-torsion, may be its curved relief.

The physical separation of the media of the unloading zone 11 and the working zone 10 occurs due to the factor of the tight location of the annular insert 15 in the annular groove 21 of the cone 3, due to the coordination of the cross-sectional profiles of the mentioned parts

Additionally, the insulating function can be enhanced by directional dust-collecting edges 16. Each directional edge 16 from the side of the discharge zone 11 prevents the penetration of solid particles between the insert 15 and the groove 21, and from the side of the working zone 10 prevents the penetration of oil. Also, each directional edge 16 performs the function of cleaning the inner surface of the groove from solid particles and oil particles, respectively, due to the sharpness of the edges.

A special recess 22 in the insert 15 may be filled with grease, for example, solid oil. This creates an additional separation of the media and contributes to the smooth sliding of the grooves 21 over the surface of the insert 15.

The mounting groove 21 may be equal to, greater or lesser in depth than the annular insert 15, and these sizes b2 and h3 (Fig. 7) are selected based on the parameters of the crushed material, the characteristics of the oils used, the size of the crusher. In most cases, the best option is that in which the depth of the installation groove 21 is slightly greater than the height of the annular insert 15.

Thus, particles of the finished product from the discharge zone 11 do not penetrate the sealing sleeve 12, since the system does not have through penetrating holes and / or gaps. On the other hand, the oil from the working zone 10 penetrates no further than the gap between the first edge 16 of the insert 15 and the annular groove 21, additionally lubricating the friction surfaces of the above-mentioned parts.

The height hi of the sealing collar 12 is calculated so that the insert 15 always remains in the annular groove 21 due to the spring-loaded effect of the cuff. On the other hand, when the cone 3 is deflected by the maximum allowable angle and the cuff tension 12 should not be critical, and when collecting the cuff web, creases and friction should not occur due to excess web. An important parameter is the stiffness of the web of elastic material of the sealing collar 12, which is calculated based on the expected loads, characteristics of the crushed material, pressure in the discharge zone 11, the estimated life of the cuff 12. The elastic fabric must be strong enough to withstand the impact of crushed material from the discharge zone 11, at the same time elastic enough to stretch and assemble by repeating the movement of the inner cone 3, and withstand bending-torsion loads.

The elastic material of the cuff 12 can be further reinforced by reinforcing to comply with the required strength characteristics, increase its wear resistance and service life. The specific characteristics of the cuff 12 also depend on the size of the crusher, on the diameter of the inner crushing cone 3. All forms of execution of the sealing cuff 12 shown in FIG. 5 work similarly.

If necessary, more than one such sealing system may be used. If necessary, more than one sealing collar may be used in the sealing system.

The sealing sleeve 12 may be made of any elastic material, for example, rubber, rubber, silicone or polymer compositions. The insert 15 is preferably made of plastics with anti-friction and anti-seize fillers, for example, caprolon.

Maintenance of the sealing system includes dismantling and replacing the sealing cuffs 12 by loosening the clamps 18 and 19, as well as removing, cleaning or replacing the insert 15, cleaning the grooves 21.

The rotation-swing motion of the inner crushing cone 3 can be directed in any direction. The proposed sealing system is equally effective regardless of the direction of rotation.

The proposed sealing system has the following advantages.

Versatility: the system can be installed on cone crushers of any operating principle and size.

Design simplicity: the system consists of simple mechanical parts interconnected by simple mechanical methods - clamps, does not require any auxiliary equipment.

Simplicity and efficiency in work: the system works due to the physical isolation of various media among themselves.

Cost-effective maintenance due to system design: simple, cheap, easily replaceable parts and fixtures.

Claims

Claim

1. A cone crusher with a modernized seal, which comprises a housing supported on a foundation through elastic shock absorbers, an external cone and an internal crushing cone placed inside it on a support, forming a crushing chamber connected to the discharge zone of the finished product,

the drive shaft of the inner cone is connected to the drive transmission,

the sealing element is fixed on one side to the inner crushing cone by means of a fastening system, and on the other hand, on said annular protrusion of the support of the inner crushing cone using a clamp;

the sealing element is fixed with the possibility of its deformation in any direction when the internal crushing cone deviates from the vertical axis of the crusher at any angle of the working range;

characterized in that

the inner crushing cone is made with a curly annular groove located along the outer circumference of the base of the cone,

the system of fastening the sealing element to the inner crushing cone includes an annular insert, which is attached to the sealing element by a clamp,

the annular insert has a "T" -shaped section, the horizontal component of the "T" -shaped section being made with the circular geometry of the upper generatrix, the sectional profile of the curly ring groove on the inner crushing cone is consistent with the profile of the circular generatrix of the horizontal component "T" -shaped section of the said ring insertion.

2. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal component of the "T" -shaped section of the annular insert is made with complex circular geometry of the upper generatrix.

3. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular insert has an annular lubricating groove on a circular “T” shaped upper section forming it.

4. A cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular insert has at least one directional dust-removable edge on a circular upper “T” -shaped section thereof.

5. A cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular insert has at least one directional dust-removable edge located on each of the sides on a circular upper “T” -shaped section thereof.

6. The cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular insert has three directed dust-removable edges located on each of the sides on a circular upper “T” -shaped section forming it.

7. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the annular groove on the inner crushing cone is equal to the height of the circular-shaped upper generatrix of the horizontal component of the “T” -shaped section of the said ring insert.

8. The cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the annular groove on the inner crushing cone is greater than the height of the circular-shaped upper generatrix of the horizontal component of the “T” -shaped section of said ring insert.

9. The cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the annular groove on the inner crushing cone is less than the height of the circular-shaped upper generatrix of the horizontal component of the “T” -shaped section of said ring insert.

10. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing element is made in the form of a longitudinally corrugated cuff.

11. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing element is made in the form of a straight cuff.

12. A cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing element is made in the form of a cuff in the form of a half bent outward.

13. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing element made in the form of a cuff in the form of a concave inward one and a half.

14. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing element is made with thickenings in the places of fastening of the clamps.

15. Cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular insert is made with an installation recess in the place of attachment of the clamp on the vertical “T” -shaped section thereof.

16. The cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that on the circular protrusion of the support of the inner crushing cone, an installation recess is made in the place of attachment of the clamp.