WO2018053917A1 - 轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置 - Google Patents

轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018053917A1
WO2018053917A1 PCT/CN2016/105681 CN2016105681W WO2018053917A1 WO 2018053917 A1 WO2018053917 A1 WO 2018053917A1 CN 2016105681 W CN2016105681 W CN 2016105681W WO 2018053917 A1 WO2018053917 A1 WO 2018053917A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle system
excitation signal
rail vehicle
fault
bus
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PCT/CN2016/105681
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李砾工
王延超
杜振环
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中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司
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Publication of WO2018053917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018053917A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
    • B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or train
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
    • B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rail transit technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for detecting faults in a rail vehicle system.
  • multi-function vehicle bus (English: Multifunction Vehicle Bus, MVB for short) as the train control network, which also brings new fault points while improving the technical performance of trains. If the MVB bus communication cable has problems such as open circuit, short circuit, poor contact, etc., it will cause the vehicle to smash and even the vehicle will go offline.
  • the management of the MVB bus communication cable is still in the planned maintenance stage, and the status of the communication cable is generally checked by means of regular inspection.
  • planned maintenance has certain limitations. For example, regular tests and overhauls cause great direct and indirect economic waste. Many insulation defects and potential failures cannot be discovered in time, and the test and maintenance process itself It may affect the cable (such as poor communication connector contact caused by maintenance).
  • vehicles with bus control networks are also rapidly increasing, which has put enormous pressure on maintenance work.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system, and provide a scheme capable of providing a physical state of a bus in time and providing accurate detection for a bus fault.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system, which is applied to a fault detecting device for a rail vehicle system, and the detecting device for the fault of the rail vehicle system includes an excitation
  • the signal transmitting device and the excitation signal receiving device are respectively connected at two ends of the bus of the rail vehicle system, and the method includes:
  • the excitation signal transmitting device generates an excitation signal, and injects the excitation signal into a bus of the rail vehicle system by voltage superposition;
  • the excitation signal receiving device receives the detection signal through a bus of the rail vehicle system
  • the excitation signal receiving device determines whether the detection signal satisfies a preset failure detection condition
  • the excitation signal receiving device transmits early warning information, and the early warning information is used to indicate that the rail vehicle system has a fault.
  • the excitation signal receiving device determines whether the detection signal meets a preset fault detection condition, and includes:
  • the fault detection condition includes a waveform of each fault type.
  • the excitation signal receiving device determines whether the detection signal meets a preset fault detection condition, and includes:
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a device for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system, including:
  • An excitation signal transmitting device and an excitation signal receiving device An excitation signal transmitting device and an excitation signal receiving device
  • the excitation signal transmitting device is connected to one end of a bus of the rail vehicle system for generating an excitation signal, and injecting the excitation signal into a bus of the rail vehicle system by voltage superposition;
  • the excitation signal receiving device is connected to the other end of the bus of the rail vehicle system for acquiring a signal output by the rail vehicle system as a detection signal, and determining the detection signal Whether the preset fault detection condition is satisfied; if so, the excitation signal receiving device transmits the warning information, and the warning information is used to indicate that the rail vehicle system has a fault.
  • the rail vehicle system includes a vehicle control unit and a human-machine interface unit; and the excitation signal receiving device is specifically configured to send the warning information to the vehicle control unit and the human-machine interface unit.
  • the excitation signal receiving apparatus includes: a filtering unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, and a digital signal processing unit;
  • An input end of the filtering unit is connected to a bus of the rail vehicle system, an output end of the filtering unit is connected to an input end of the analog to digital conversion unit; an output end of the analog to digital conversion unit and the digital signal The input of the processing unit;
  • the filtering unit is configured to acquire the detection signal
  • the analog-to-digital conversion unit is configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the detection signal
  • the digital signal processing unit is configured to determine whether the detection signal meets a preset fault detection. Condition, determining whether the rail vehicle system is faulty.
  • the digital signal processing unit is specifically configured to compare a waveform of the detection signal with a waveform of each fault type stored in advance; if there is at least one waveform of the first fault and the detection signal The waveform matching determines that the rail vehicle system has a first fault; wherein the fault detection condition includes a waveform of each fault type.
  • the digital signal processing unit is specifically configured to:
  • the excitation signal sending device comprises a bus monitoring unit and an excitation signal generating unit; the bus monitoring unit is configured to monitor a signal transmission condition of the bus in real time and trigger the excitation signal generating unit to generate the excitation signal.
  • the method and device for detecting faults of a rail vehicle system provided by the embodiments of the present invention generate an excitation signal through an excitation signal transmitting device, and inject the excitation signal into a bus of the vehicle system through a voltage superposition manner, and the excitation signal receiving device receives the detection through the bus of the vehicle system. Signal and judge Whether the detection signal satisfies a preset fault detection condition; if yes, the excitation signal receiving device sends early warning information, the warning information is used to indicate that the rail vehicle system has a fault, and the collected detection signal can be analyzed in real time. Processing, timely providing the physical state of the bus, and timely discovering and alerting for bus faults.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example 1 of a device for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a device for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a first example of a method for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of application of a method for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for detecting fault of a rail vehicle system includes: an excitation signal transmitting device A and an excitation signal receiving device B.
  • the excitation signal transmitting device A is connected to one end of a bus of the rail vehicle system for generating an excitation signal, and injecting the excitation signal into a bus of the rail vehicle system by voltage superposition;
  • the excitation signal receiving device B is connected At the other end of the bus of the rail vehicle system, for obtaining a signal output by the rail vehicle system as a detection signal, and determining whether the detection signal satisfies a preset fault detection condition; if yes, the excitation signal receiving device transmits
  • the warning information is used to indicate that the rail vehicle system has a fault.
  • the rail vehicle system specifically refers to a rail vehicle network communication system, and at least includes a vehicle control unit and a human-machine interface unit; the excitation signal receiving device B can transmit the warning information to the vehicle control unit and the The human interface unit is displayed for viewing by the train driver or maintenance personnel.
  • the excitation signal sending apparatus A includes a bus monitoring unit 11 and an excitation signal generating unit 12; the bus monitoring unit 11 is configured to monitor a signal transmission condition of the bus in real time and trigger the The excitation signal generating unit 12 generates the excitation signal.
  • the excitation signal receiving device B includes: a filtering unit 13, an analog-to-digital conversion unit 14, and a digital signal processing unit 15; an input end of the filtering unit 13 is connected to a bus of the rail vehicle system, and an output of the filtering unit 13 The end is connected to the input end of the analog to digital conversion unit; the output end of the analog to digital conversion unit 14 and the input end of the digital signal processing unit 15;
  • the filtering unit 13 is configured to acquire the detection signal
  • the analog-to-digital conversion unit 14 is configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the detection signal.
  • the digital signal processing unit 15 is configured to determine whether the detection signal meets a preset.
  • the fault detection condition determines whether the rail vehicle system has a fault.
  • the digital signal processing unit 15 is specifically configured to compare a waveform of the detection signal with a waveform of each fault type stored in advance; if there is at least one waveform of the first fault and the detection signal The waveform matching determines that the rail vehicle system has a first fault; wherein the fault detection condition includes a waveform of each fault type.
  • the digital signal processing unit 15 is specifically configured to: determine whether a magnitude of the detection signal is lower than a preset amplitude threshold; if yes, determine a cable transmission abnormality in the rail vehicle system; and/or determine the Whether the excitation signal is included in the detection signal, and if the excitation signal is not included in the detection signal, determining that an open circuit or a short circuit fault occurs in the rail vehicle system.
  • the detecting device for the fault of the rail vehicle system provided by the embodiment, the excitation signal transmitting device A
  • a specific excitation signal is generated and injected into the MVB bus by superimposing the voltage.
  • the signal After being transmitted through the MVB bus cable, the signal is collected and processed by the excitation signal receiving device B, and the physical state of the bus is determined according to the received waveform analysis (open circuit, short circuit) , poor contact, etc., and the physical state of the bus through the process data, that is, the above warning information is reported to the vehicle control unit or the human-machine interface unit in real time, to prompt the passengers and maintenance personnel to provide the physical state of the bus in time, and For bus faults, it can be discovered and reminded in time.
  • the excitation signal generating unit 12 (22) can generate a specific excitation signal according to the bus condition, and transmit it to the receiving device B for processing through the bus of the rail vehicle system.
  • the filtering unit 13 can be implemented as a method filtering.
  • the digital signal processing unit 15 can be implemented by a central processing unit (CPU) to analyze and process the received detection signal.
  • the warning information display device may be part of the detecting device of the rail vehicle system fault, or may be a display device of the vehicle itself, The invention is not limited.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a first example of a method for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the method for detecting fault of a rail vehicle system is applied to the detecting apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 above.
  • the specific implementation steps are:
  • step S101 the excitation signal transmitting device generates an excitation signal, and injects the excitation signal into the bus of the rail vehicle system by voltage superposition.
  • the excitation signal transmitting device generates a specific excitation signal according to the real-time detection of the rail vehicle bus, and injects into the rail vehicle bus by superimposing the voltage, that is, the MVB bus, and the subsystems are connected to the MVB bus.
  • the control unit can determine the excitation signal receiving device by the received detection signal if there is a fault such as an open circuit or a short circuit on the line.
  • Step S102 the excitation signal receiving device receives the detection signal through the bus of the rail vehicle system. number.
  • Step S103 the excitation signal receiving device determines whether the detection signal satisfies a preset failure detection condition.
  • the detection signal of the bus output can be detected in real time on the side of the excitation signal receiving device, and the detection signal is analyzed and processed.
  • the detection signal is analyzed and processed.
  • each control unit connected on the bus is normally operated, a certain excitation signal input is performed. After that, the received detection signal can be acquired during normal operation. If the received detection signal does not match the normal operation, the line is considered to be faulty or abnormal, that is, different faults can be preset in the excitation information receiving device.
  • the detection condition may be compared with the detection signal during normal operation, or may be compared with the detection signal at a certain fault, by which it is possible to determine whether the bus has a fault or the type of fault existing.
  • the excitation signal receiving device determines whether the detection signal meets the preset fault detection condition, and at least includes the following implementation manners:
  • the waveform of the detection signal is compared with a waveform of each fault type stored in advance; if the waveform of the at least one first fault is matched with the waveform of the detection signal, determining the The rail vehicle system has a first fault; wherein the fault detection condition includes a waveform of each fault type.
  • Step S104 if yes, the excitation signal receiving device sends early warning information, and the early warning information is used to indicate that the rail vehicle system has a fault.
  • the obtained early warning information may be sent to the human machine interface or other display device or the warning prompting device; the early warning information may include a specific fault type. It is also possible to include only alerts that have a fault.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of application of a method for detecting a fault of a rail vehicle system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MVB bus acts as a vehicle bus and is a transmission carrier for providing monitoring and diagnostic data for the train;
  • the general subsystems connected to the MVB bus include: Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) , Traction control unit (TCU), Brake control unit (BCU), Auxiliary control unit (ACU), Air conditioning control unit (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, HVAC), fireworks Alarm Unit (FAU), etc. All subsystems with processing units are connected to the vehicle network via the MVB bus interface.
  • VCU Vehicle Control Unit
  • TCU Traction control unit
  • BCU Brake control unit
  • ACU Auxiliary control unit
  • Air conditioning control unit Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, HVAC
  • fireworks Alarm Unit etc. All subsystems with processing units are connected to the vehicle network via the MVB bus interface.
  • Each subsystem is connected to a bus type MVB network.
  • the excitation signal transmitting device and the excitation signal receiving device of the present invention are respectively installed at both ends of the bus.
  • the excitation signal transmitting device A generates a specific excitation signal, and is injected into the MVB bus by superimposing the voltage.
  • the excitation signal receiving device B collects and processes the signal, and determines the bus physics according to the received waveform analysis. Status (open circuit, short circuit, poor contact, etc.), and the physical status of the bus is reported to the VCU and the Human Machine Interface (HMI) in real time through process data to prompt the driver and maintenance personnel.
  • HMI Human Machine Interface
  • the excitation signal is a pulse signal, and the signal level voltage amplitude is at most 1.2V of the MVB bus minimum threshold voltage. If this voltage is exceeded, it may be misidentified by other bus node devices (the MVB node receiving threshold is specified in IEC61375-1). 1.2V, that is, when the test signal differential voltage is greater than or equal to 1.2V, the receiver identification signal is 1; when the differential voltage of the test signal is less than 1.2V, the receiver will not receive the data frame).
  • the pulse width tw of the excitation signal is 1/4 times the MVB bus bit width BT, that is, 333 ns;
  • the pulse period of the excitation signal is T is the maximum characteristic period of the MVB bus is 1024 ms;
  • the excitation signal transmitting device has a bus monitoring function to monitor the signal level on the physical bus in real time, and trigger an interference signal when the bus is idle, and the channel does not interfere with the transmission of normal data on the bus.
  • the excitation signal receiving device B is mainly composed of a filtering unit (amplifying filtering unit), an analog-to-digital conversion (A/D) unit, a signal processing unit, an early warning unit, and the like.
  • a filtering unit amplifying filtering unit
  • A/D analog-to-digital conversion
  • the excitation signal receiving device can acquire the signal in real time through the AD chip, and collect the voltage waveform on the vehicle bus;
  • the excitation signal receiving device B itself is a node on the bus, can exchange the state of the bus with the master device of the MVB bus through the agreed data protocol; thus the physical state of the bus can be sent to the train monitoring through the vehicle bus
  • the screen is for the driver or maintenance personnel to view.
  • the signal processing unit may be embodied as a processor, which may be a central processing unit (English: Central Processing Unit, CPU for short), or other A general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (English: Digital Signal Processor, abbreviated as: DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (English: Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC for short).
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented as a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the steps including the foregoing method embodiments are performed; and the foregoing storage medium includes: read-only memory (English: read-only memory, abbreviation: ROM), RAM, flash memory, hard disk, solid state hard disk, Magnetic tape (English: magnetic tape), floppy disk (English: floppy disk), optical disc (English: optical disc) and any combination thereof.

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Abstract

一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置，该方法应用于轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置包括激励信号发送装置（A）和激励信号接收装置（B），分别连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的两端，激励信号发送装置（A）生成激励信号，并将激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入车辆系统的总线；激励信号接收装置（B）通过车辆系统的总线接收检测信号；激励信号接收装置（B）判断检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件；若是，则激励信号接收装置（B）发送预警信息，预警信息用于指示轨道车辆系统存在故障，能够及时提供总线的物理状态，并对于总线故障能够及时发现。

Description

轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及轨道交通技术，尤其涉及一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置。
背景技术
目前轨道交通车辆(包含动车组，电力机车，地铁等)多使用多功能车辆总线(英文：Multifunction Vehicle Bus，简称：MVB)作为列车控制网络，在提升列车技术性能同时也带来新的故障点，如果MVB总线通信线缆出现开路、短路、接触不良等问题，就会导致车辆瘫痪，乃至车辆下线。
对MVB总线通信线缆的管理还处于计划检修阶段，一般采用定期巡视的方法对通信线缆的状况进行检查。从经济角度和技术角度来说，计划检修具有一定的局限性，例如定期试验和检修造成了很大的直接和间接经济浪费，许多绝缘缺陷和潜在的故障无法及时发现，而且试验和检修过程本身可能对线缆造成一定影响(如检修导致的通信连接器接触不良)。随着轨道交通车辆的逐年增多，具有总线控制网络的车辆也正在迅速增加，致使检修工作面临着巨大压力。另外，随着轨道车辆运行间隔的缩短，留给车辆司乘人员判断故障处理故障的时间间隔也在减少，司乘人员工作面临着巨大压力，保证通信线缆状态实时监测、状态预判是对车辆提出的一项新要求。
因此，目前急需能够及时提供总线的物理状态，并对于总线故障提供准确检测的方案。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置，提供一种能够及时提供总线的物理状态，并对于总线故障提供准确检测的方案。
本发明实施例提供一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法，应用于轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，所述轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置包括激励 信号发送装置和激励信号接收装置，分别连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的两端，所述方法包括：
激励信号发送装置生成激励信号，并将所述激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入轨道车辆系统的总线；
激励信号接收装置通过轨道车辆系统的总线接收检测信号；
所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件；
若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障。
可选的，所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，包括：
将所述检测信号的波形与预先存储的每种故障类型的波形进行对比处理；
若存在至少一种第一故障的波形与所述检测信号的波形匹配，则确定所述轨道车辆系统存在第一故障；
其中，所述故障检测条件包括每种故障类型的波形。
可选的，所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，包括：
确定所述检测信号的幅值是否低于预设幅度阈值；若是，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中的线缆传输异常；
和/或，
确定所述检测信号中是否包括所述激励信号，若所述检测信号中不包括激励信号，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中发生断路或者短路故障。
本发明第二方面提供一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，包括：
激励信号发送装置和激励信号接收装置；
所述激励信号发送装置连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的一端，用于生成激励信号，并将所述激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入轨道车辆系统的总线；
所述激励信号接收装置连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的另一端，用于获取所述轨道车辆系统输出的信号作为检测信号，并判断所述检测信号 是否满足预设的故障检测条件；若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障。
可选的，所述轨道车辆系统包括车辆控制单元和人机接口单元；所述激励信号接收装置具体用于将所述预警信息发送至所述车辆控制单元和所述人机接口单元。
可选的，所述激励信号接收装置包括：滤波单元、模数转换单元、数字信号处理单元；
所述滤波单元的输入端与所述轨道车辆系统的总线连接，所述滤波单元的输出端与所述模数转换单元的输入端连接；所述模数转换单元的输出端与所述数字信号处理单元的输入端；
所述滤波单元用于获取所述检测信号，所述模数转换单元用于对所述检测信号进行模数转换；所述数字信号处理单元用于判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，确定所述轨道车辆系统是否存在故障。
可选的，所述数字信号处理单元具体用于将所述检测信号的波形与预先存储的每种故障类型的波形进行对比处理；若存在至少一种第一故障的波形与所述检测信号的波形匹配，则确定所述轨道车辆系统存在第一故障；其中，所述故障检测条件包括每种故障类型的波形。
可选的，所述数字信号处理单元具体用于：
确定所述检测信号的幅值是否低于预设幅度阈值；若是，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中的线缆传输异常；
和/或，
确定所述检测信号中是否包括所述激励信号，若所述检测信号中不包括激励信号，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中发生断路或者短路故障。
可选的，所述激励信号发送装置包括总线监控单元和激励信号产生单元；所述总线监控单元用于实时监视总线的信号传输情况并触发所述激励信号产生单元生成所述激励信号。
本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法和装置，通过激励信号发送装置生成激励信号，并将激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入车辆系统的总线，激励信号接收装置通过车辆系统的总线接收检测信号，并判断 所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件；若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障，可以对采集的检测信号做实时分析处理，及时提供总线的物理状态，并对于总线故障能够及时发现并提醒处理。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置实例一的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置一实例的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法实例一的流程图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法应用示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置实例一的结构示意图，如图1所示，该轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，包括：激励信号发送装置A和激励信号接收装置B；所述激励信号发送装置A连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的一端，用于生成激励信号，并将所述激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入轨道车辆系统的总线；所述激励信号接收装置B连接 在轨道车辆系统的总线的另一端，用于获取所述轨道车辆系统输出的信号作为检测信号，并判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件；若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障。
具体应用过程中，该轨道车辆系统具体指的是轨道车辆网络通信系统，至少包括车辆控制单元和人机接口单元；所述激励信号接收装置B可以将预警信息发送至所述车辆控制单元和所述人机接口单元进行显示，以使列车司机或者维护人员查看。
可选的，在一种具体实现方式中，所述激励信号发送装置A包括总线监控单元11和激励信号产生单元12；所述总线监控单元11用于实时监视总线的信号传输情况并触发所述激励信号产生单元12生成所述激励信号。
所述激励信号接收装置B包括：滤波单元13、模数转换单元14、数字信号处理单元15；所述滤波单元13的输入端与所述轨道车辆系统的总线连接，所述滤波单元13的输出端与所述模数转换单元的输入端连接；所述模数转换单元14的输出端与所述数字信号处理单元15的输入端；
所述滤波单元13用于获取所述检测信号，所述模数转换单元14用于对所述检测信号进行模数转换；所述数字信号处理单元15用于判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，确定所述轨道车辆系统是否存在故障。
具体的，所述数字信号处理单元15具体用于将所述检测信号的波形与预先存储的每种故障类型的波形进行对比处理；若存在至少一种第一故障的波形与所述检测信号的波形匹配，则确定所述轨道车辆系统存在第一故障；其中，所述故障检测条件包括每种故障类型的波形。
所述数字信号处理单元15具体用于：确定所述检测信号的幅值是否低于预设幅度阈值；若是，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中的线缆传输异常；和/或，确定所述检测信号中是否包括所述激励信号，若所述检测信号中不包括激励信号，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中发生断路或者短路故障。
本实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，激励信号发送装置A 产生特定的激励信号，通过叠加电压的方式注入到MVB总线，经MVB总线线缆传输后，由激励信号接收装置B对信号进行采集处理，根据接收到的波形分析判断总线物理状态(开路、短路、接触不良等)，并把总线的物理状态通过过程数据，也就是上述的预警信息实时报给车辆控制单元或者人机接口单元，以提示司乘和维修人员，及时提供总线的物理状态，并对于总线故障能够及时发现并提醒处理。
图2为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置一实例的结构示意图，在上述实施例一的基础上，在具体实现中，激励信号发送装置A中的总线监控单元11(21)和激励信号产生单元12(22)可以根据总线情况产生特定的激励信号，并通过轨道车辆系统的总线传输至接收装置B进行处理，在激励信号接收装置B中，滤波单元13可以实现为方法滤波电路23，例如：放大滤波器；模数转换单元14可以通过AD芯片24实现，数字信号处理单元15可以通过中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)实现，对接收到的检测信号进行分析处理，判断轨道车辆系统是否出现故障，最后通过预警信息显示装置对处理结果进行显示，该预警信息显示装置可以是上述轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置的一部分，也可以是车辆本身的显示装置，对此本发明不做限制。
在上述装置实施例的基础上，下面对该轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置的具体应用过程进行说明。
图3为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法实例一的流程图，如图3所示，该轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法应用于上述图1和图2所示的检测装置中，具体的实现步骤为：
步骤S101，激励信号发送装置生成激励信号，并将所述激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入轨道车辆系统的总线。
在本步骤中，激励信号发送装置根据对轨道车辆总线的实时检测产生特定的激励信号，并通过叠加电压的方式注入到轨道车辆总线中，即MVB总线中，该MVB总线中连接着各个子系统的控制单元，如果线路上存在断路或者短路等故障时，激励信号接收装置可以通过接收到的检测信号进行确定。
步骤S102，激励信号接收装置通过轨道车辆系统的总线接收检测信 号。
步骤S103，所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件。
本方案中，可以在激励信号接收装置侧实时检测获取总线输出的检测信号，并对检测信号进行分析处理，一般情况下如果总线上连接的每个控制单元都正常运行，则一定的激励信号输入之后，接收到的检测信号可以在正常工作时获取到，如果接收到的检测信号与正常工作的时候不符合，则认为线路有故障或者异常，即在激励信息接收装置中可以预先设置不同的故障检测条件，可以是与正常工作时候的检测信号进行对比，也可以是与某种故障时的检测信号进行对比，通过该种方式可以确定总线是否存在故障，或者存在的故障类型。
可选的，该步骤中激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件至少包括以下几种实现方式：
第一种实现方式，将所述检测信号的波形与预先存储的每种故障类型的波形进行对比处理；若存在至少一种第一故障的波形与所述检测信号的波形匹配，则确定所述轨道车辆系统存在第一故障；其中，所述故障检测条件包括每种故障类型的波形。
第二种实现方式，确定所述检测信号的幅值是否低于预设幅度阈值；若是，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中的线缆传输异常。
第三种实现方式，确定所述检测信号中是否包括所述激励信号，若所述检测信号中不包括激励信号，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中发生断路或者短路故障。
上述几种方式可以单独使用也可以同时使用，对此不做限制。
步骤S104，若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障。
在通过上述方式，激励信号接收装置确定出轨道车辆系统的总线存在故障时，可以向人机接口或者其他的显示装置或者预警提示装置发送得到的预警信息；该预警信息可包括具体的故障类型，也可以只包括存在故障的提醒。
在该方法的基础上，下面举一具体实例对该方法进行说明。
图4为本发明实施例提供的轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法应用示意图。如图4所示的，MVB总线作为车辆总线，是为列车提供监视和诊断数据的传输载体；一般列车连接到MVB总线上的各个子系统控制单元包括：车辆控制单元(Vehicle control unit，VCU)、牵引控制单元(Traction controll unit，TCU)、制动控制单元(Brak control unit，BCU)、辅助控制单元(Auxiliary controll unit，ACU)、空调控制单元(Heating,Ventilation and Air Conditioning，HVAC)、烟火报警单元(Fire Alarm Unit，FAU)等。所有的具有处理单元的子系统都通过MVB总线接口接入车辆网络。
各个子系统都接入总线型的MVB网络中。其中本发明的激励信号发送装置和激励信号接收装置分别安装在总线的两端。激励信号发送装置A产生特定的激励信号，通过叠加电压的方式注入到MVB总线，经MVB总线线缆传输后，由激励信号接收装置B对信号进行采集处理，根据接收到的波形分析判断总线物理状态(开路、短路、接触不良等)，并把总线的物理状态通过过程数据实时报给VCU和人机接口单元(Human Machine Interface，HMI)，以提示司乘和维修人员。
激励信号发送装置A产生的激励信号波形具有如下特点：
a)、激励信号为脉冲信号，信号电平电压幅值最大为MVB总线最低阈值电压1.2V，超过这一电压则可能被其他总线节点设备误识别(IEC61375-1中规定，MVB节点接收阈值为1.2V，即在测试信号差分电压大于等于1.2V时，接收器识别信号为1；当测试信号的差分电压小于1.2V时，接收器将接收不到数据帧)。
b)、该激励信号的脉冲宽度tw为MVB总线位宽BT的1/4倍，即为333ns；
c)、该激励信号的脉冲周期为T为MVB总线最大特征周期1024ms；
d)、激励信号发送装置具有总线监视功能，实时监视物理总线上的信号电平，当总线空闲时触发产生干扰信号，达道不干扰总线上正常数据的传输的目的
激励信号接收装置B主要由滤波单元(放大滤波单元)、模数转换(analogue-to-digital conversion，A/D)单元、信号处理单元、预警单元等组成。
激励信号接收装置具有如下特点：
a)、激励信号接收装置可通过AD芯片实时采集信号，采集车辆总线上的电压波形；
b)、当接收道的检测信号的幅值低于1V时，则判断为线缆传输异常；
c)、当接收不到激励信号产生的检测信号时，则判断为总线发生断路或者短路；
d)、激励信号接收装置B本身是一个总线上的节点，能够把总线的状态通过约定的数据协议与MVB总线的主设备交互总线状态；从而可以把总线的物理状态通过车辆总线发送给列车监控屏供司机或维护人员查看。
通过根据接收到的波形分析判断总线物理状态(开路、短路、接触不良等)，并把总线的物理状态通过过程数据实时报给VCU和或HMI，以提示司乘和维修人员，及时提供总线的物理状态，并对于总线故障能够及时发现并提醒处理。
在上述装置或方法的实施例中，应理解，信号处理单元可以被具体实现为一种处理器，该处理器可以是中央处理单元(英文：Central Processing Unit，简称：CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(英文：Digital Signal Processor，简称：DSP)、专用集成电路(英文：Application Specific Integrated Circuit，简称：ASIC)等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时，执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：只读存储器(英文：read-only memory，缩写：ROM)、RAM、快闪存储器、硬盘、固态硬盘、磁带(英文：magnetic tape)、软盘(英文：floppy disk)、光盘(英文：optical disc)及其任意组合。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测方法，其特征在于，应用于轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，所述轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置包括激励信号发送装置和激励信号接收装置，分别连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的两端，所述方法包括：
    激励信号发送装置生成激励信号，并将所述激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入轨道车辆系统的总线；
    激励信号接收装置通过轨道车辆系统的总线接收检测信号；
    所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件；
    若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，包括：
    将所述检测信号的波形与预先存储的每种故障类型的波形进行对比处理；
    若存在至少一种第一故障的波形与所述检测信号的波形匹配，则确定所述轨道车辆系统存在第一故障；
    其中，所述故障检测条件包括每种故障类型的波形。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激励信号接收装置判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，包括：
    确定所述检测信号的幅值是否低于预设幅度阈值；若是，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中的线缆传输异常；
    和/或，
    确定所述检测信号中是否包括所述激励信号，若所述检测信号中不包括激励信号，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中发生断路或者短路故障。
  4. 一种轨道车辆系统故障的检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    激励信号发送装置和激励信号接收装置；
    所述激励信号发送装置连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的一端，用于生成激励信号，并将所述激励信号通过电压叠加方式注入轨道车辆系统的 总线；
    所述激励信号接收装置连接在轨道车辆系统的总线的另一端，用于获取所述轨道车辆系统输出的信号作为检测信号，并判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件；若是，则所述激励信号接收装置发送预警信息，所述预警信息用于指示所述轨道车辆系统存在故障。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述轨道车辆系统包括车辆控制单元和人机接口单元；所述激励信号接收装置具体用于将所述预警信息发送至所述车辆控制单元和所述人机接口单元。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述激励信号接收装置包括：滤波单元、模数转换单元、数字信号处理单元；
    所述滤波单元的输入端与所述轨道车辆系统的总线连接，所述滤波单元的输出端与所述模数转换单元的输入端连接；所述模数转换单元的输出端与所述数字信号处理单元的输入端；
    所述滤波单元用于获取所述检测信号，所述模数转换单元用于对所述检测信号进行模数转换；所述数字信号处理单元用于判断所述检测信号是否满足预设的故障检测条件，确定所述轨道车辆系统是否存在故障。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述数字信号处理单元具体用于将所述检测信号的波形与预先存储的每种故障类型的波形进行对比处理；若存在至少一种第一故障的波形与所述检测信号的波形匹配，则确定所述轨道车辆系统存在第一故障；其中，所述故障检测条件包括每种故障类型的波形。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述数字信号处理单元具体用于：
    确定所述检测信号的幅值是否低于预设幅度阈值；若是，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中的线缆传输异常；
    和/或，
    确定所述检测信号中是否包括所述激励信号，若所述检测信号中不包括激励信号，则确定所述轨道车辆系统中发生断路或者短路故障。
  9. 根据权利要求4或5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述激励信号发 送装置包括总线监控单元和激励信号产生单元；所述总线监控单元用于实时监视总线的信号传输情况并触发所述激励信号产生单元生成所述激励信号。
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