WO2018052145A1 - 慢性疼痛関連疾患およびそれと鑑別を要する疾患の診断システム - Google Patents
慢性疼痛関連疾患およびそれと鑑別を要する疾患の診断システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018052145A1 WO2018052145A1 PCT/JP2017/033610 JP2017033610W WO2018052145A1 WO 2018052145 A1 WO2018052145 A1 WO 2018052145A1 JP 2017033610 W JP2017033610 W JP 2017033610W WO 2018052145 A1 WO2018052145 A1 WO 2018052145A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4824—Touch or pain perception evaluation
- A61B5/4827—Touch or pain perception evaluation assessing touch sensitivity, e.g. for evaluation of pain threshold
- A61B5/483—Touch or pain perception evaluation assessing touch sensitivity, e.g. for evaluation of pain threshold by thermal stimulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4824—Touch or pain perception evaluation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4824—Touch or pain perception evaluation
- A61B5/4827—Touch or pain perception evaluation assessing touch sensitivity, e.g. for evaluation of pain threshold
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7246—Details of waveform analysis using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7275—Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for diagnosing chronic pain-related diseases and diseases requiring differentiation from chronic pain diseases in a non-invasive and simple manner, and a diagnostic method using the system.
- Fibromyalgia is a disease characterized by persistent chronic pain over a wide area, and the prevalence is estimated to be about 2% of the total population and about 2 million people in Japan. Yes.
- fibromyalgia those prepared by the American College of Rheumatology in 1990 are exclusively used. According to this, when a wide range of pain has continued for 3 months or more and when pain is felt in 11 or more places when pressing 18 points of tender points in the whole body with a force of 4 kg / cm 2 , Diagnosed with myalgia.
- Fibromyalgia is accompanied by various mental pains such as insomnia and depression, in addition to various chronic pains, mainly musculoskeletal pain. Pain begins mainly at the trunk and shoulder joints and gradually spreads over connective tissues such as muscles and joints throughout the body, and the degree of pain increases accordingly. As pain progresses, it causes not only a decrease in QOL but also impairment of life functions.
- Fibromyalgia is a disease included in this functional body syndrome. Fibromyalgia pain is much more intense than depression, psychogenic pain, etc., and is often disturbed until daily life, and the pain may cause sleep disorders and unseatability .
- a disease image in which the relationship between “pain” and “depressed state” deteriorates in a spiral manner is called “painful-depression”. That is, it is a so-called “vicious circle of pain and depression” in which pain causes a decrease in motivation and causes depression, which becomes more intense pain. In fibromyalgia, this “depressed state” is thought to be strongly involved in the disease state.
- fibromyalgia is closely related to each other, and their symptoms and treatment methods are also similar, making it difficult to distinguish them.
- fibromyalgia is difficult to diagnose in the first place because there are no diagnostic criteria other than the above diagnostic criteria or diagnostic indicators for which consensus has been obtained.
- Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 temperature stimulation was given to patients with neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia, respectively, and how the pain offset occurred in these patients was observed. It is described.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for non-invasively and easily diagnosing a disease associated with chronic pain that is difficult to diagnose.
- the present inventor while studying a disease causing chronic pain and its mechanism, complains of severe pain systemically despite the absence of neuropathy, significantly lowers the patient's QOL, and makes a diagnosis Focusing on fibromyalgia, which is extremely difficult to study, and researching on its mechanism, in subjects suffering from fibromyalgia, there is an abnormality in the transmission of painful stimuli, especially the offset of painful stimuli I found out. And as we continue further research, in subjects with chronic pain-related diseases, the response to painful stimuli, including offsets of painful stimuli, is different in affected populations of each disease, including healthy subjects The present inventors have found that diseased diseases can be distinguished based on the difference in response, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the following: [1] A method for obtaining an index for determining the presence and / or type of a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease requiring differentiation from a chronic pain-related disease in a subject who does not have neuropathy, (A) Conduct a pain offset measurement test on the subject. (B) Analyzing the results obtained in the test of (a) (C) Compare the analysis results obtained in (b) with the reference value. Said method. [2] The method according to [1], wherein the chronic pain-related disease and / or the disease requiring differentiation from the chronic pain-related disease is selected from the group consisting of fibromyalgia, depression, rheumatism and chronic fatigue syndrome.
- Chronic pain-related diseases and / or diseases requiring differentiation from chronic pain-related diseases are fibromyalgia and / or chronic fatigue syndrome, and the degree of pain after offset analyzed in (b) is a reference value.
- the chronic pain-related disease and / or the disease that needs to be differentiated from the chronic pain-related disease is fibromyalgia, and the degree of pain after offset analyzed in (b) is significantly higher than the reference value , And / or if the time until pain is not felt is significantly longer than the reference value, an index for determining that the subject has fibromyalgia is obtained [1] to [3] the method of.
- Chronic pain-related disease and / or disease requiring differentiation from chronic pain-related disease is chronic fatigue syndrome, and both the degree of pain peak analyzed in (b) and the degree of pain after offset are significantly high In this case, the method according to [1] to [3], wherein an index for determining that the subject has chronic fatigue syndrome is obtained.
- Pain offset measurement test (1) changing the temperature of the stimulus generating portion from room temperature to a first temperature; (2) maintaining the temperature of the stimulus generating portion at the first temperature for a while; (3) The process of maintaining for a while after changing the temperature of the stimulus generating part to the second temperature (4) A step of keeping the temperature of the stimulus generation portion for a while after changing the temperature to the first temperature. (5) including a step of returning the temperature of the stimulus generation portion to room temperature, wherein both the first temperature and the second temperature are temperatures at which the temperature stimulus is recognized as pain, and the first temperature and the second temperature The method of [1] to [7], wherein the difference in temperature is sufficient to cause pain offset in step (4).
- a chronic pain-related disease and / or a temperature stimulation generation part an input part for inputting information related to the temperature stimulation generated in the temperature stimulation generation part, and an analysis part for analyzing the input information
- a diagnosis system for a disease that needs to be distinguished from a chronic pain-related disease wherein the temperature stimulus generation part generates a warm stimulus based on a temperature change control program, and the analysis part includes the input information and
- the diagnosis system that diagnoses chronic pain-related diseases and / or diseases that need to be distinguished from chronic pain-related diseases by comparison with reference information.
- fibromyalgia chronic fatigue syndrome
- depression and fibromyalgia which have been difficult to diagnose
- the ability to find clear differences between rheumatism and healthy individuals has improved understanding of the fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome diseases, including potential patients who have not received a definitive diagnosis. It is possible to give an appropriate diagnosis to a patient suffering from typical pain and to perform an optimal treatment.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in the intensity of pain during a test between a healthy control group and a subject group suffering from fibromyalgia. Pain offset occurs when the temperature is decreased from 46 ° C. to 45 ° C., and the intensity of pain felt in the healthy control group is markedly reduced, whereas in the fibromyalgia subject group, the degree of offset is It is low, and it can be seen that the degree of pain increases again with time after the offset compared to the healthy control.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the intensity of pain during the test between the healthy control group and the subject group suffering from depression.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the transition of the intensity of pain during the test in the healthy control group, the subject group suffering from childhood fibromyalgia. Similar to adult fibromyalgia, pediatric fibromyalgia also has a low degree of offset.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in pain intensity during the test between a healthy control group and a subject group suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. It can be seen that in the rheumatoid arthritis subject group, the degree of pain is remarkably lower than that in the healthy subject group in any interval during the test.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the transition of pain intensity during the test between a subject group suffering from fibromyalgia and a subject group suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
- the blue line (FM mean) represents the fibromyalgia subject group
- the black line (RM mean) represents the rheumatoid arthritis subject group. Similar to the comparison with the healthy control, it can be seen that the rheumatoid arthritis subject group has a significantly lower degree of pain than the fibromyalgia subject group.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the intensity of pain during the test, the healthy control group, the subject group suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, and the test.
- the orange line (Chronic fatigue mean) represents the chronic fatigue syndrome target group
- the black line (Control mean) represents the healthy control group. Compared with the healthy controls, it can be seen that the chronic fatigue syndrome subject group as a whole has a high degree of pain.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transition of the intensity of pain during the test, the subject group suffering from fibromyalgia, the subject group suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome.
- the blue line (Chronic fatigue mean) represents the chronic fatigue syndrome subject group
- the black line (FM mean) represents the fibromyalgia subject group. Compared with the fibromyalgia subject group, the chronic fatigue syndrome subject group is found to have a significantly higher peak intensity of pain.
- chronic pain or “chronic pain” generally refers to “pain that persists beyond the time frame expected to require treatment or a progressive non-cancerous disease.
- nociceptive pain (2) neuropathic pain, (3) complex chronic pain in which nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain are mixed, (4) spontaneous
- chronic pain and (5) psychogenic pain. It can also be broadly classified into neuropathic pain, pain due to functional disease, and other pain according to its pathological mechanism.
- the term “disease associated with chronic pain” or “chronic pain-related disease” refers to a disease whose main symptoms are that chronic pain is caused systemically or locally.
- diseases include, but are not limited to, fibromyalgia, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathic pain such as phantom limb pain, post-stroke pain, etc.
- central neuropathic pain examples include central neuropathic pain.
- “Disease requiring differentiation from chronic pain-related disease” is a disease that exhibits symptoms similar to those of the above-mentioned chronic pain disease, but is not classified as a chronic pain-related disease, and is treated differently from chronic pain disease Means disease.
- diseases that need to be distinguished from chronic pain-related diseases include, but are not limited to, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, schizophrenia, somatic symptoms, degenerative arthritis, collagen diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, etc. .
- the present invention is preferably performed on a subject who does not have a particular neurological disorder, and relates to chronic pain classified into nociceptive pain, spontaneous pain, and psychogenic pain, such as fibromyalgia.
- subjects suspected of suffering from diseases that require differentiation from chronic pain-related diseases such as depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatism, degenerative arthritis, schizophrenia, and somatic symptoms.
- fibromyalgia, depression, rheumatism, and chronic fatigue syndrome are preferable because they have different treatment methods but are difficult to distinguish.
- “pain offset” is synonymous with “offset analgesia”, and means a phenomenon in which actual pain is greatly reduced by a slight decrease in noxious stimulation. Such phenomena are known in the art (see, for example, Hermans et al., Pain Physician 2016; 19: 307-326, which is incorporated herein by reference). Therefore, the “pain offset measurement test” means a test for measuring this offset phenomenon qualitatively or quantitatively. Typically, this is performed by evaluating pain felt by the subject when the noxious stimulus is changed using a pain evaluation method known in the art such as VAS or NRS. The method of “pain offset measurement test” is known in the art (see, for example, NiestersNiet al., Anesthesiology. 2011 Nov; 115 (5): 1063-71), but is not limited thereto. For example, it can be performed using a small fiber neuropathy evaluation apparatus.
- CPM conditioned pain modulation
- Pain 2014 December; 155 (12): 2491-2501 etc. (1)
- Opioids such as ketamine and tapentadol and NMDA receptor agonists act on CPM to reduce pain, but do not act on pain offset and do not change pain.
- small fiber neuropathy means a disease in which a small fiber of a peripheral nerve is damaged.
- a ⁇ fibers and C fibers related to pain transmission are impaired, and symptoms such as a decrease in warm pain sensation and pain are observed.
- the “small fiber neuropathy evaluation device” means a device that can stimulate a small fiber by a temperature stimulus, a vibration stimulus, or the like and evaluate the disorder. Such devices are known in the art and are commercially available.
- the presence or absence of a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease that needs to be differentiated from a chronic pain-related disease, and the type of the disease, if any, are examined simply, noninvasively, and in a short time
- a method for providing is provided.
- the test method of the present invention measures pain offset in a subject, and whether or not the subject has a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease that needs to be differentiated from a chronic pain-related disease due to the difference in response. If it is determined that the patient has a disease, the present invention provides a determination index for diagnosing what kind of disease the patient has, and provides a method for diagnosis based on the determination index.
- the subject of the inspection method of the present invention is typically a human because it is necessary to express the degree of pain.
- the test subject may be a subject presumed to be healthy or a subject presumed to be suffering from some disease, but is preferably a subject complaining of chronic pain.
- the test method of the present invention is capable of providing a criterion for determining the cause of a subject complaining of unexplained pain, and thus more preferably neuropathy, typically anatomical. For subjects who do not have significant neuropathic pain.
- a test using a small-fiber neuropathy evaluation device is performed to evaluate the degree of a subject having chronic pain.
- a pain offset measurement test is performed using the same device, it is particularly anatomical. It is a surprising finding that in a subject without significant neuropathy, the response varies depending on the presence or absence of the disease or the type of disease affected.
- Particular embodiments of the present invention include the following steps (a) and (b), and optionally (c): (A) Conduct a pain offset measurement test on the subject. (B) Analyzing the results obtained in the test of (a) (C) To compare the analysis result obtained in (b) with a reference value.
- the diagnostic method of the present invention optionally includes the following step (d): (D) To determine the presence and / or type of a disease that needs to be differentiated from chronic pain-related disease and / or chronic pain-related disease based on the results of (c).
- the noxious stimulus given to the subject in the “pain offset measurement test” in the step (a) is not particularly limited as long as the intensity can arbitrarily change the intensity, and examples thereof include a temperature stimulus and a vibration stimulus.
- a temperature stimulus is preferable because the intensity of the stimulus can be easily controlled.
- the “pain offset measurement test” of the present invention is qualitatively and / or quantitatively measured, but preferably is quantitatively measured because of the amount of information obtained. Methods for quantitatively evaluating pain are well known in the art and are not limited thereto, but include, for example, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). ), Face Scale, etc.
- VAS Visual Analogue Scale
- NRS Numerical Rating Scale
- VRS Verbal Rating Scale
- Face Scale etc.
- the problem in quantitative evaluation of pain is that the scale in evaluation depends on the subject.
- the evaluation criteria may vary depending on the subject.
- the present inventor made it possible to perform quantitative evaluation more objectively by improving these conventional quantitative test methods. That is, by giving a reference stimulus (for example, a temperature stimulus at a constant temperature) before the test, and using it as a reference (for example, 5 of 10-level evaluation), the pain felt during the test is quantitatively evaluated.
- a reference stimulus for example, a temperature stimulus at a constant temperature
- a reference for example, 5 of 10-level evaluation
- the present invention also provides such an improved method for quantitative evaluation of pain.
- step (b) the results obtained in the test are analyzed for various items by any method known in the art.
- Evaluation items include, but are not limited to, for example, the difference between the pain peak and the value in the offset state after the peak, the value of the peak itself, from a predetermined time (for example, at the start of the test or at the start of the offset) The time until pain is not felt, the degree of pain that increases again after the pain disappears after offset, and the like.
- the test result may be visualized by a graph or the like.
- the reference value compared with the result analyzed above typically includes the value of the same item in a healthy subject.
- Such an item may be a result obtained by performing the same test on a subject known to be healthy at the same time as a test on the test subject, or may be a healthy subject measured in advance under uniform conditions. It may be an average value or a statistical intermediate value in the target population. Moreover, you may visually compare by comparing the shape of both graphs using the graph which visualized the result of the test, and the graph which visualized the reference value.
- the value of the same item in a subject known to suffer from a predetermined chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease that needs to be differentiated from chronic pain-related disease may be used.
- This item is obtained by conducting the same test on a subject who is known to have a predetermined chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease that needs to be differentiated from chronic pain-related disease simultaneously with the test on the test subject.
- a population of subjects known to suffer from a given chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease that needs to be differentiated from a chronic pain-related disease measured in advance under uniform conditions It may be an average value or a statistical intermediate value.
- the degree of pain that increases again after disappearance of offset pain is greater than in subjects that are categorized as healthy controls or other neuropathic pain. It has been found by the present inventors that there is a significant increase. Therefore, if the degree of such increased pain is significantly greater than that of healthy controls, it can also be determined that the patient is suffering from fibromyalgia, thereby classifying it as other neuropathic pain. It can be differentiated from the disease. In addition, the time to feel pain and the degree of pain after offset itself is about the same as the value in healthy controls, but if the degree of peak pain is significantly lower than the value in healthy controls, the subject is depressed. It can be determined that the patient is suffering from a disease.
- the time to feel pain is similar to the value of healthy controls, but both the peak pain level and the level of pain after offset are significantly lower than those of healthy controls, such subjects Can be determined to have rheumatism.
- the time to feel pain is similar to that of a healthy control, but it takes longer if both the peak pain level and the level of pain after offset are significantly higher compared to the healthy control value. It can be determined that the subject is suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome.
- the degree of pain after offset is significantly higher than that of a healthy control, that is, the subject who has a low degree of offset and feels significant pain at the time of offset is fibromyalgia and / or chronic fatigue syndrome Can be thought of as suffering from
- the degree of pain after offset is significantly higher compared to healthy controls, it can be determined that such subject is suffering from fibromyalgia and / or chronic fatigue syndrome.
- Fibromyalgia currently has only one diagnostic criterion, and there is no index for which a consensus has been obtained as a biomarker. And since the above criteria also require chronic pain over a long period of 3 months, it takes at least 3 months or more until a definitive diagnosis of fibromyalgia. However, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to make a diagnosis in a short time in a simple and non-invasive manner.
- Chronic fatigue syndrome is also a disease having a group with pain as a symptom, and no biological marker that can objectively diagnose chronic fatigue syndrome has been found so far.
- the inventors have found for the first time that when measuring and analyzing pain offsets, they show characteristic results compared to subjects with other chronic pain-related diseases such as healthy controls and fibromyalgia. . Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, chronic fatigue syndrome can also be diagnosed accurately in a short time, simply and non-invasively. Further, 20-50% of chronic fatigue syndrome is considered to be a complication with fibromyalgia.
- a subject suffering from or suspected of suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome does not have fibromyalgia.
- amitriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant) is a specific antidepressant that is generally less effective than conventional analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids.
- duloxetine (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor: SNRI) are effective.
- pregabalin is known to be effective.
- rheumatism and chronic fatigue syndrome are listed as other diseases that are similar to fibromyalgia and difficult to distinguish. Since these diseases also have different effective treatments, the symptoms are often prolonged by misdiagnosis.
- fibromyalgia, rheumatism, chronic fatigue syndrome and the above depression can all be distinguished by one test. Therefore, according to the present invention, appropriate diagnosis and treatment can be promptly performed on a patient considered to suffer from a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease requiring differentiation from a chronic pain-related disease.
- a temperature stimulus is used as a noxious stimulus used in the pain offset measurement test.
- the pain offset measurement test includes the following steps (a-1) to (a-4) and optionally (a-5): (A-1) changing the temperature of the stimulus generating part from room temperature to the first temperature; (A-2) maintaining the temperature of the stimulus generating portion at the first temperature for a while; (A-3) A step of keeping the temperature of the stimulus generating portion for a while after changing the temperature to the second temperature (A-4) A step of maintaining the temperature of the stimulus generation portion for a while after changing the temperature to the first temperature (A-5) A step of returning the temperature of the stimulus generation part to room temperature.
- the temperature of the stimulus generation portion (typically, the probe of the small-diameter fiber neuropathy evaluation apparatus) is changed from room temperature to the first temperature.
- the first temperature may be higher or lower than room temperature.
- the noxious stimulus that is generated becomes a warm sense stimulus, and when it is lower, it becomes a cool sense stimulus.
- the first temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature that does not injure the human body but is irritating, but is not limited thereto.
- the temperature is about 43 to 45 ° C., more preferably about 45 ° C., and when the temperature is lower than room temperature, about 5 to 15 ° C., preferably about 5 to 10 ° C., more preferably about 5 ° C. and the like. Subsequently, in the step (a-2), the first temperature is maintained for a while.
- step (a-3) the temperature of the stimulus generation portion is changed from the first temperature to the second temperature.
- the second temperature is a temperature that produces a noxious stimulus stronger than the first temperature. That is, when the noxious stimulus is a warm stimulus, the second temperature is higher than the first temperature, and when the noxious stimulus is a cool stimulus, the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.
- the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is a degree of temperature if the intensity of the noxious stimulus is different enough to cause a pain offset in the next step (a-3). However, it is preferably about 1 to 5 ° C, more preferably about 1 to 3 ° C, and still more preferably about 1 ° C.
- step (a-4) the temperature of the stimulus generation portion is changed from the second temperature to the first temperature. In such a process, noxious stimuli are slightly reduced and pain offset phenomenon is observed in healthy subjects.
- step (a-5) the temperature of the stimulus generating portion is changed from the first temperature to room temperature. In such a process, the nociceptive stimulus is gradually lowered, and the pain felt is gradually reduced.
- step (a-1) for about 10 seconds
- step (a-2) for about 5 seconds
- step (a-3) for about 5 seconds
- step (a -4) for about 20 seconds
- step (a-5) for about 10 seconds.
- the present invention provides a diagnostic system for simply and non-invasively and quickly examining the presence and type of a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease requiring differentiation from a chronic pain-related disease. It is.
- the diagnostic system of the present invention includes (1) a temperature stimulus generation part, (2) an input part for inputting information related to the temperature stimulus generated in the temperature stimulus generation part of (1), and (3) and (2).
- An analysis part for analyzing the input information is provided.
- the temperature stimulus generating part is a part that gives various temperature stimuli to the target by closely contacting the part with the target skin and changing the temperature. Therefore, any surface may be used as long as it has a surface that can contact the subject's skin and the surface can be changed in temperature.
- the temperature stimulus may be a warm sensation or a cold sensation.
- the temperature stimulus generated in the temperature stimulus generation part is caused by a temperature change in the part, and the temperature change may be managed by a temperature change control program.
- the subject recognizes such a temperature stimulus as a pain sensation. Therefore, in such an aspect, the temperature change control program controls the painful stimulus given to the subject by controlling the temperature change of the temperature stimulus generation portion.
- the temperature stimulus generation part may optionally have a sensor for measuring the skin surface temperature.
- the temperature change control program is a program that controls the temperature change of the temperature stimulus generation part over time.
- the temperature change control program is capable of managing the temperature change of the temperature stimulus generation portion from the start to the end of the pain offset test in the examination / diagnosis method in units of seconds. Therefore, in one preferable aspect of the present invention, the temperature control program is a program for controlling the temperature stimulus in the pain offset test to be appropriately applied.
- the temperature stimulus generation portion gradually changes the temperature to the first temperature, for example, 45 ° C., for example, about 10 seconds, at the start of the test. Thereafter, the first temperature is maintained for a predetermined time, for example, 5 seconds. Next, the temperature stimulus generation portion is heated to a second temperature, for example, 46 ° C., and is then maintained at the second temperature for a predetermined time, for example, 5 seconds. Next, the temperature stimulus generation portion is lowered again to the first temperature, and is further maintained for a predetermined time, for example, 20 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature of the temperature stimulus generation portion is lowered to room temperature over a period of 10 seconds, for example.
- the temperature control program warms the temperature stimulus generating portion to 45 ° C. after 10 seconds at the same time as the start of the test, and then keeps the temperature at 45 ° C. for 5 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 46 ° C., kept at 46 ° C. for 5 seconds, then lowered to 45 ° C., kept at 45 ° C. for 20 seconds, and then lowered to room temperature over 10 seconds to complete the test.
- the input part is a part for inputting information related to the temperature stimulus generated in the temperature stimulus generation part.
- the “information related to temperature stimulation” includes, for example, not only the degree of warming or cooling feeling felt by the subject but also the degree of painful stimulation when the temperature stimulation is recognized as painful stimulation, for example.
- the input of information may be performed directly by the diagnosis target, may be performed by the diagnosis target, or may be automatically input by another measuring device. Since the stimulus given to the object from the temperature stimulus generation part is basically a sensory stimulus, it is preferable that the input is directly performed by the diagnosis object.
- the input device may be a normal input device used in the technical field, and is not limited to this. For example, in addition to a keyboard, a barcode reader, a touch panel, etc., buttons, switches, slider levers, etc. May be.
- the analysis part is a part for analyzing the information input from the input part and comparing it with the reference information. As a result of such comparison, it is possible to diagnose whether or not the diagnosis subject suffers from or is diagnosed with a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease requiring differentiation from chronic pain-related disease. .
- the analysis may be the same as the analysis in step (b) in the diagnostic method. Therefore, examples of the analysis include, but are not limited to, for example, the difference between the pain peak and the value in the offset state after the peak, the value of the peak itself, a predetermined time point (for example, at the start of the test or at the start of the offset). Etc.) until the pain is not felt.
- the test result may be visualized by a graph or the like.
- the analysis part may be an arithmetic processing device known in the technical field, and examples thereof include a processor and a microprocessor.
- the system of the present invention includes other parts such as an output part for outputting analysis results and / or comparison results, a recording part for recording necessary data and programs, a temperature control program, data
- An arithmetic part for performing arithmetic processing for operating the system of the present invention such as execution processing of various programs that may include an analysis program, a data comparison program, and the like may be included.
- each part which comprises these systems of this invention may be united, and may comprise one part.
- the output unit and the input unit, the analysis part and the calculation part may be the same.
- the output part may be anything as long as the analysis result and / or the comparison result can be output to the outside, and may be output to paper such as a printer in addition to electronic output such as a display or projector.
- the subject to be diagnosed suffers from a chronic pain-related disease and / or a disease that needs to be differentiated from the chronic pain-related disease. It is possible to make an invasive and simple diagnosis. In particular, some chronic pain-related diseases and diseases that need to be differentiated are unclear or unclear, and there are no clear biological markers, but there are also diseases that need to be differentiated therapeutically. However, according to the system of the present invention, it is possible to accurately diagnose and differentiate each of these diseases. As described above, fibromyalgia, depression, rheumatism, and chronic fatigue syndrome are difficult to distinguish despite being a disease that requires therapeutic differentiation, leading to fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. However, there is no biological marker for which consensus has been obtained. However, the system of the present invention can easily distinguish all these diseases. Thus, the system of the present invention preferably suffers from at least one selected from fibromyalgia, depression, rheumatism and chronic fatigue syndrome.
- COVAS means a value obtained by quantifying the degree of pain in the pain offset measurement test with the strongest pain experienced so far as 100.
- the period from 16000 msec to 30000 msec is a period from the first temperature rise to 45 ° C., the temperature further raised to 46 ° C., and then the temperature lowered to 45 ° C.
- the analysis of COVAS during this period Means mainly the analysis of “peak intensity of pain”.
- the period from 30000 msec to 60000 msec is the period from when the temperature is lowered from 46 ° C. to 45 ° C., maintained at 45 ° C. for a while and then starting to cool to room temperature. Of pain intensity ".
- Example 1 Pain offset measurement and analysis (1) Test subjects As test subjects, 17 healthy controls, 133 subjects diagnosed as suffering from fibromyalgia based on criteria created by the American College of Rheumatology in 1990, chronic strong pain as one of the symptoms Nine depression subjects who complained of the above were selected and a pain offset measurement test was conducted on each subject.
- the temperature stimulation generation part (hereinafter referred to as a probe) of the small-diameter fiber neuropathy evaluation apparatus was applied to the subject's forearm, once raised to 46 ° C. and stimulated for 5 seconds. After returning to room temperature and waiting for a while, the probe was again applied to the subject's forearm, and the temperature of the probe was linearly increased to 45 ° C. Stimulated for 5 seconds at 45 ° C., immediately raised to 46 ° C., stimulated for another 5 seconds, then returned to 45 ° C. and stimulated for 20 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature of the probe was linearly lowered to room temperature. With the strongest pain experienced to date as 100, subjects were evaluated for a degree of pain from 0 to 100 during the study.
- the t-test comparison was made between the pain intensity of the fibromyalgia subject group and the pain intensity of the healthy control group in each section of 30000 msec to 45000 msec, 45000 msec to 60000 msec, and 30000 msec to 60000 msec after the start of the test. .
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 the pain after offset increased in the fibromyalgia group statistically significantly over the healthy control group in all periods. Therefore, the pain after offset was higher in fibromyalgia than the healthy control group, and the two groups could be distinguished.
- the pain intensity at the peak time was compared between the healthy control group and the depression target group. As a result, a significant decrease in peak intensity (about 50 to 60% compared to healthy controls) was confirmed in the depression target group (FIG. 2).
- the t-test comparison was made between the pain intensity of the fibromyalgia subject group and the pain intensity of the depression subject group in each section of 30000 msec to 45000 msec, 45000 msec to 60000 msec, and 30000 msec to 60000 msec after the start of the test. It was.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- the COVAS value was statistically significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group than in the depression group. Therefore, the pain after offset was higher in fibromyalgia than in depression, and the two groups could be distinguished.
- Example 2 Detailed analysis of pain offsets in fibromyalgia subjects (1) Test subjects Fibromyalgia using the Japanese version of the Fibromyalgia Questionnaire (J-FIQ) currently used as an evaluation scale for fibromyalgia For 117 subjects evaluated as having symptoms, a pain offset measurement test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 and the results were analyzed.
- J-FIQ Fibromyalgia Questionnaire
- COVAS offset pain
- Example 3 Pain offset measurement test for childhood fibromyalgia Childhood fibromyalgia is known to be more difficult to diagnose than adult fibromyalgia. Thus, it was tested whether the biological markers found in Example 2 could also function in the assessment of pediatric fibromyalgia.
- Test subjects Five subjects diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 17 subjects as healthy controls were selected at the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Hospital, and a pain offset measurement test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 and the results were analyzed. .
- COVAS is a useful biological marker in fibromyalgia in children. That is, it is considered that fibromyalgia in children can be diagnosed by analyzing a pain offset measurement test.
- Example 5 Pain offset measurement test for rheumatoid arthritis An evaluation test of offset pain was performed on the subject of rheumatoid arthritis, a disease that showed symptoms similar to fibromyalgia and needed to be differentiated. Compared with. (1) Test subjects 133 fibromyalgia groups, 10 rheumatoid arthritis groups and 17 healthy control groups were selected, and pain offset measurement tests were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 and the results were analyzed.
- the COVAS of the subject of the rheumatoid arthritis group was significantly smaller than the COVAS value of the healthy control group in any of the intervals of 16000 to 30000 msec, 30000 to 45000 msec, 45000 to 60000 msec, and 30000 to 60000 msec. Therefore, rheumatoid arthritis can be easily diagnosed by measuring COVAS.
- the COVAS value of the subject of the rheumatoid arthritis group was significantly smaller than the COVAS value of the subject of the fibromyalgia group in any section of 30000-45000 msec, 45000-60000 msec, and 30000-60000 msec. Therefore, fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis can be easily differentiated by measuring COVAS.
- Example 6 Pain Offset Measurement Test for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Conduct an assessment test of offset pain for subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome, a disease that requires differentiation from fibromyalgia and depression, and evaluate healthy controls and fibromyalgia group Comparison with test results.
- Test subjects Ninety subjects who were diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome were selected at Osaka City University Fatigue Center, and together with 133 fibromyalgia subjects and 17 healthy controls, a pain offset measurement test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. Performed and analyzed the results.
- COVAS may be a useful biological marker even in chronic fatigue syndrome.
- Example 1 the pain offset measurement test was conducted with 50 healthy control groups and 91 subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome, and the average value of COVAS between healthy controls and chronic fatigue syndrome subjects was determined by t-test in the interval of 16000 msec to 30000 msec. Analyzed. The results are shown in the table below.
- the COVAS value of chronic fatigue syndrome was significantly large. Therefore, it was shown that fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome can be easily differentiated by comparing the peak intensity of pain.
- there is no significant correlation between the values of J-FIQ, characteristic anxiety scale (STAI), Beck depression scale (BDI), and COVAS value of chronic fatigue syndrome (30000 msec to 60000 msec, N 90). It was.
- a patient having pain other than neuropathic pain which has been difficult to distinguish until now, can be distinguished in a short time by one simple and non-invasive test.
- the method and system of the present invention has been difficult to distinguish until now, such as fibromyalgia and depression, and can sometimes give clear judgment criteria for diseases that have been identified or misdiagnosed. It becomes possible to provide a more effective treatment.
- the present invention provides a new diagnostic standard for diseases for which no established biological marker has existed, such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The possibility of easily and accurately diagnosing pain of unknown cause that has been difficult to increase is increased.
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Abstract
Description
[1]神経障害を有しない対象において、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の有無および/または種類を判定するための指標を得る方法であって、
(a)対象に対し、痛みのオフセット測定試験を行うこと
(b)(a)の試験で得られた結果を解析すること
(c)(b)で得られた解析結果を、基準値と比較すること
を含む、前記方法。
[2]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症、うつ病、リウマチおよび慢性疲労症候群からなる群から選択される、[1]の方法。[3]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症および/または慢性疲労症候群であり、(b)において解析したオフセット後の疼痛の程度が基準値と比較して有意に高い場合、対象が線維筋痛症および/または慢性疲労症候群を有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、[1]または[2]の方法。
[4]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症であり、(b)において解析したオフセット後の疼痛の程度が基準値と比較して有意に高い、および/または痛みを感じなくなるまでの時間が基準値と比較して有意に長い場合、対象が線維筋痛症を有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、[1]~[3]の方法。 [5]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、慢性疲労症候群であり、(b)において解析した疼痛のピークの程度およびオフセット後の疼痛の程度が共に有意に高い場合、対象が慢性疲労症候群を有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、[1]~[3]の方法。
[6]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、うつ病であり、(b)において解析した疼痛のピークの程度が、基準値と比較して有意に低い場合、対象がうつ病を有すると判定するため指標が得られたとする、[1]または[2]の方法。
[7]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、リウマチであり、(b)において解析した疼痛のピークの程度が有意に低い、およびオフセット後の疼痛の程度が有意に低い場合、対象がリウマチを有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、[1]または[2]の方法。
[8]痛みのオフセット測定試験が、
(1)刺激発生部分の温度を、室温から第1の温度まで変化させる工程、
(2)刺激発生部分の温度を、第1の温度でしばらく保つ工程、
(3)刺激発生部分の温度を、第2の温度まで変化させた後、しばらく保つ工程
(4)刺激発生部分の温度を、第1の温度まで変化させた後、しばらく保つ工程
(5)刺激発生部分の温度を、室温に戻す工程を含み、ここで第1の温度および第2の温度はともに、温度刺激が痛みとして認識される温度であり、第1の温度と第2の温度の差は、工程(4)において痛みのオフセットが生じるのに十分な差である、[1]~[7]の方法。
[9]温度刺激発生部分、該温度刺激発生部分で発生した温度刺激に関連する情報を入力するための入力部分および入力された情報を解析するための解析部分を含む、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の診断システムであって、前記温度刺激発生部分が、温度変化制御プログラムに基づいて温感刺激を発生させるものであり、解析部分が、入力された情報と基準情報との比較により慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の診断を行う、前記診断システム。
[10]慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症、リウマチ、うつ病および慢性疲労症候群からなる群から選択される、[9]の診断システム。
本発明において、「慢性的な疼痛」または「慢性疼痛」とは、一般的には「治療を要すると期待される時間の枠組みを超えて持続する痛み、あるいは進行性の非がん性疾患に関連する痛み」と定義され、さらに(1)侵害受容性疼痛、(2)神経障害性疼痛、(3)侵害受容性疼痛と神経障害性疼痛が混在する複合性慢性疼痛、(4)自発性慢性疼痛および(5)心因性疼痛の5つに分類される。また、その病態機序により、大きく神経障害性疼痛、機能的疾患による疼痛およびその他の疼痛に分類することもできる。
(1)ケタミン、タペンタドールなどのオピオイドおよびNMDA受容体作動薬は、CPMに対しては作用し疼痛を減少させるが、痛みのオフセットに対しては作用せず疼痛に変化はない。
(2)脳の活動をfMRIで観察すると、CPMにおいては、視床、島(insula)、第二知覚野(S2)の活性が低下するが、痛みのオフセットでは第一知覚野(S1)の活性が低下し、前島部、背外側前頭前野、内頭頂溝、下頭頂野がCPMと比較して顕著に活動が亢進する。また、CPMでは脳幹の活動が持続的に低下するのに対し、痛みのオフセットでは持続的に亢進する。
したがって本発明の「痛みのオフセット」には、CPMは含まれない。
本発明の一側面において、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患への罹患の有無および罹患している場合にはその種類を簡便、非侵襲的および短時間に検査するための方法が提供される。
本発明の検査方法は、対象における痛みのオフセットを測定し、その応答の違いにより、対象が慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患を有しているか否か、また有していると判断される場合にはいかなる疾患を有しているのかを診断するための判断指標を提供し、また該判断指標に基づいて診断する方法を提供するものである。
(a)対象に対し、痛みのオフセット測定試験を行うこと
(b)(a)の試験で得られた結果を解析すること
(c)(b)で得られた解析結果を、基準値と比較すること。
本発明の診断方法としては、上記に加え、任意に以下の(d)の工程を含む:
(d)(c)の結果をもとに、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の有無および/またはその種類を判断すること。
上述のとおり、本発明の「痛みのオフセット測定試験」は、定性的におよび/または定量的に測定するものであるが、得られる情報の多さから、好ましくは定量的に測定する。痛みを定量的に評価する方法については、当該技術分野においてよく知られており、これに限定するものではないが、例えばVisual Analogue Scale(VAS)、Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)、Verbal Rating Scale(VRS)、Face Scaleなどが挙げられる。
また痛みを感じる時間やオフセット後の痛みの程度自体は健常対照の値と同程度であるが、感じる痛みのピーク値の程度が健常対照の値と比較して有意に低い場合、かかる対象はうつ病に罹患していると判断することができる。
さらにまた、痛みを感じる時間は健常対照の値と同程度であるが、感じる痛みのピーク値の程度およびオフセット後の痛みの程度の両方が健常対照の値と比較して有意に高い場合、かかる対象は慢性疲労症候群に罹患していると判断することができる。
(a-1)刺激発生部分の温度を、室温から第1の温度まで変化させる工程、
(a-2)刺激発生部分の温度を、第1の温度でしばらく保つ工程、
(a-3)刺激発生部分の温度を、第2の温度まで変化させた後、しばらく保つ工程
(a-4)刺激発生部分の温度を、第1の温度まで変化させた後、しばらく保つ工程
(a-5)刺激発生部分の温度を、室温に戻す工程。
工程(a-5)において、刺激発生部分の温度は、第1の温度から室温に変化される。かかる工程において、侵害刺激が徐々に低下し、それに伴って感じる痛みも徐々に低減していく。
本発明は一側面において、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の罹患の有無およびその種類を簡便、非侵襲的および短時間に検査するための診断システムを提供するものである。
本発明の診断システムは、(1)温度刺激発生部分、(2)(1)の温度刺激発生部分で発生した温度刺激に関連する情報を入力するための入力部分および(3)(2)で入力された情報を解析するための解析部分を具備する。
上記痛みのオフセット試験の一態様において、温度刺激発生部分は、試験の開始とともに第1の温度、例えば45℃まで、例えば10秒程度で徐々に温度を変化させる。その後所定の時間、例えば5秒、第1の温度に保たれる。次に温度刺激発生部分は、第2の温度、例えば46℃まで加温され、そこでさらに所定の時間、例えば5秒、第2の温度に保たれる。次に温度刺激発生部分は、再度第1の温度に低下され、そこでさらに所定の時間、例えば20秒保たれる。その後、例えば10秒の時間をかけて、温度刺激発生部分の温度が室温まで低下させられる。
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
(1)試験対象
試験対象として、健常対照17名、1990年にアメリカリュウマチ学会により作成された基準に基づいて線維筋痛症に罹患していると診断された対象133名、症状の一つとして慢性的に強い疼痛を訴えているうつ病の対象9名を選抜し、各対象に対して痛みのオフセット測定試験を実施した。
試験開始前に、対象の前腕部に、小径線維ニューロパチー評価装置の温度刺激発生部分(以下プローブという)を当て、一度46℃まで上昇させ、5秒間刺激した。室温に戻し、しばらく待った後、対象の前腕部に再びプローブを当て、プローブの温度を直線的に45℃まで上昇させた。45℃で5秒間刺激し、すぐに46℃まで上昇させ、さらに5秒間刺激し、その後再度45℃に戻して20秒間刺激した。その後プローブの温度を室温まで直線的に下げた。現在までに経験した最も強い痛みを100として、試験中の痛みの程度を対象に0~100で評価させた。
試験中の各時点における、各対象群の痛みの程度の平均値の推移をグラフにした。グラフを図1および図2に示す。
試験開始後30000msecの時点から60000msecまでの時点を10000msecごとに区切り、各区間における線維筋痛症の対象群の痛み強度と健常対照群の痛み強度との間で、t検定による比較を行った。その結果、50000~60000msecの区間において、最も顕著に有意差(p<0.01)が生じていた(図1)。また、刺激発生部分周囲の血流について、健常対照群においては変化が認められなかったが、線維筋痛症対象群においては疼痛時に血流の低下が認められた。
また、試験開始後30000msec~45000msec、45000msec~60000msec、および30000msec~60000msecの各区間における線維筋痛症の対象群の痛み強度と健常対照群の痛み強度との間で、t検定による比較を行った。結果を表1に示す。
また、同様に健常対照群とうつ病対象群において、ピーク時における痛み強度の比較を行った。その結果、うつ病対象群において有意なピーク強度の低下(健常対照と比較して5~6割程度)が確認された(図2)。
(1)試験対象
現在線維筋痛症の評価尺度として用いられている日本語版線維筋痛症質問票(J-FIQ)を用いて線維筋痛症であると評価された対象117名に対し、例1と同様に痛みのオフセット測定試験を行い、その結果を解析した。
J-FIQの評価値と35000~40000msecの区間のオフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)の平均値の相関をみるために相関分析を行ったところ、r=0.319(p<0.001)より弱い相関が見られた。即ち、J-FIQの値が高ければ、オフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)の35000~40000msecの区間における平均値も高いということが示唆される。
J-FIQの評価値とオフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)の45000~55000msecの区間における平均値の相関をみるために相関分析を行ったところ、 r=0.343(p<0.001)より弱い相関が見られた。即ち、J-FIQの値が高ければ、オフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)の45000~55000msecの区間における平均値も高いということが示唆される。
J-FIQとオフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)の30000~45000msec、45000~60000msec、30000~60000msecの各値との相関を項目ごとに相関分析を行った。合計値との相関もみられ、オフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)が高いほど、J-FIQの値も高いということが示唆された。J-FIQの各項目とオフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)と相関が認められた相関係数は、下表にまとめて記載した。一方、特性不安尺度(STAI)やベック抑うつ尺度(BDI)の値は、オフセット後の疼痛値(COVAS)との相関は認められなかった。
小児の線維筋痛症は、成人の線維筋痛症と比較してさらに診断が困難であることが知られている。そこで例2において見出されたバイオロジカルマーカーが、小児の線維筋痛症の評価においても機能し得るか否かを試験した。
(1)試験対象
横浜市立大学附属病院小児科において線維筋痛症と診断された5名および健常対照として17名を選択し、例1と同様に痛みのオフセット測定試験を行い、その結果を解析した。
結果を図3に示す。健常対照と比較して、線維筋痛症群では、全体的に痛み強度が明らかに大きかった。
次に30000~60000msecの区間における、健常対照と小児の線維筋痛症群のCOVASの平均値をt検定により解析した。結果を下表に示す。
線維筋痛症とよく似た症状を呈し、鑑別を要する疾患である関節リウマチの対象に対してオフセット疼痛の評価試験を行い、線維筋痛症群の評価試験結果と比較した。
(1)試験対象
線維筋痛症群133名、関節リウマチ群10名および健常対照群17名を選抜し、例1と同様に痛みのオフセット測定試験を行い、その結果を解析した。
結果を図4に示す。健常対照群と比較して、関節リウマチ群では、全体的に痛み強度が明らかに小さかった。
次に16000msec~30000msec、30000~45000msec、45000~60000msecおよび30000~60000msecの各区間における、健常対照群と関節リウマチ群のCOVASの平均値をt検定により解析した。結果を下表に示す。
結果を図5に示す。線維筋痛症群と比較して、関節リウマチ群では、全体的に痛み強度が明らかに小さかった。
次に30000~45000msec、45000~60000msecおよび30000~60000msecの各区間における、線維筋痛症群と関節リウマチ群のCOVASの平均値をwelchのt検定により解析した。結果を下表に示す。
線維筋痛症およびうつ病との鑑別を要する疾患である慢性疲労症候群の対象に対してオフセット疼痛の評価試験を行い、健常対照および線維筋痛症群の評価試験結果と比較した。
(1)試験対象
大阪市立大学疲労センターにおいて慢性疲労症候群と診断された対象90名を選抜し、線維筋痛症対象133名、健常対照17名とともに、例1と同様に痛みのオフセット測定試験を行い、結果を解析した。
結果を図6に示す。健常対照と比較して、慢性疲労症候群対象は全体的に高い痛み強度を示した。
次に30000~45000msec、45000~60000msecおよび30000~60000msecの各区間における、健常対照と慢性疲労症候群対象のCOVASの平均値をwelchのt検定により解析した。結果をそれぞれ下表に示す。
結果を図7に示す。慢性疲労症候群対象は、線維筋痛症対象と類似の波形を示した一方で、高い痛みのピーク強度を示した。
次に30000~45000msec、45000~60000msecおよび30000~60000msecの各区間における、健常対照と慢性疲労症候群対象のCOVASの平均値をwelchのt検定により解析した。結果を下表に示す。
また、J-FIQ、特性不安尺度(STAI)、ベック抑うつ尺度(BDI)の値と、慢性疲労症候群のCOVAS値(30000msec~60000msec、N=90)との間には有意な相関は見られなかった。
Claims (10)
- 神経障害を有しない対象において、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の有無および/または種類を判定するための指標を得る方法であって、
(a)対象に対し、痛みのオフセット測定試験を行うこと
(b)(a)の試験で得られた結果を解析すること
(c)(b)で得られた解析結果を、基準値と比較すること
を含む、前記方法。 - 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症、うつ病、リウマチおよび慢性疲労症候群からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症および/または慢性疲労症候群であり、(b)において解析したオフセット後の疼痛の程度が基準値と比較して有意に高い場合、対象が線維筋痛症および/または慢性疲労症候群を有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症であり、(b)において解析したオフセット後の疼痛の程度が基準値と比較して有意に高い、および/または痛みを感じなくなるまでの時間が基準値と比較して有意に長い場合、対象が線維筋痛症を有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、慢性疲労症候群であり、(b)において解析した疼痛のピークの程度およびオフセット後の疼痛の程度が共に有意に高い場合、対象が慢性疲労症候群を有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、うつ病であり、(b)において解析した疼痛のピークの程度が、基準値と比較して有意に低い場合、対象がうつ病を有すると判定するため指標が得られたとする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、リウマチであり、(b)において解析した疼痛のピークの程度が有意に低い、およびオフセット後の疼痛の程度が有意に低い場合、対象がリウマチを有すると判定するための指標が得られたとする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 痛みのオフセット測定試験が、
(1)刺激発生部分の温度を、室温から第1の温度まで変化させる工程、
(2)刺激発生部分の温度を、第1の温度でしばらく保つ工程、
(3)刺激発生部分の温度を、第2の温度まで変化させた後、しばらく保つ工程
(4)刺激発生部分の温度を、第1の温度まで変化させた後、しばらく保つ工程
(5)刺激発生部分の温度を、室温に戻す工程を含み、ここで第1の温度および第2の温度はともに、温度刺激が痛みとして認識される温度であり、第1の温度と第2の温度の差は、工程(4)において痛みのオフセットが生じるのに十分な差である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 温度刺激発生部分、該温度刺激発生部分で発生した温度刺激に関連する情報を入力するための入力部分および入力された情報を解析するための解析部分を含む、慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の診断システムであって、前記温度刺激発生部分が、温度変化制御プログラムに基づいて温感刺激を発生させるものであり、解析部分が、入力された情報と基準情報との比較により慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患の診断を行う、前記診断システム。
- 慢性疼痛関連疾患および/または慢性疼痛関連疾患と鑑別を要する疾患が、線維筋痛症、リウマチ、うつ病および慢性疲労症候群からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の診断システム。
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