WO2018050751A1 - Procédé de purification d'un métal en fusion dans un four à induction - Google Patents

Procédé de purification d'un métal en fusion dans un four à induction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018050751A1
WO2018050751A1 PCT/EP2017/073150 EP2017073150W WO2018050751A1 WO 2018050751 A1 WO2018050751 A1 WO 2018050751A1 EP 2017073150 W EP2017073150 W EP 2017073150W WO 2018050751 A1 WO2018050751 A1 WO 2018050751A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
molten metal
ceramic filter
ceramic
crucible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/073150
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rüdiger Schwarze
Amjad ASAD
Christos G. Aneziris
Steffen Dudczig
Original Assignee
Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg filed Critical Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
Priority to DE112017000047.5T priority Critical patent/DE112017000047B4/de
Publication of WO2018050751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018050751A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/119—Refining the metal by filtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/086—Filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
    • B22D43/001—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal
    • B22D43/004—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal by using filtering means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning a molten metal in the crucible of an induction crucible furnace, in particular the cleaning of a molten steel, wherein endogenous, moving in the melt non-metallic inclusions are removed.
  • Non-metallic inclusions are impurities in solid form. These can either be introduced into the melt from the outside (exogenous inclusions) or melt (endogenous inclusions).
  • Exogenous inclusions are, for example, slag or dissolved refractory materials, which precipitate on cooling of the melt. Endogenous inclusions, such as non-metallic inclusions, may arise during the deoxidation of molten steel.
  • non-metallic inclusions can take place in different ways, a) avoiding inclusion formation (via a suitable metallurgical process) and b) deposition of the inclusions.
  • the melting process is a central topic.
  • Different molten metal treatments and different casting processes lead to different generation of inclusions or inclusion combinations.
  • oxides, carbides, silicates, etc. may be mentioned here, which, owing to the high temperature of the melts, can occur very rapidly during the casting process.
  • Due to their non-wettability the non-metallic inclusions are partly turbulent in real castings and are partly turbulent in their shape. This often leads to sharp edges. This leads to internal cracks and thus to the failure of the load, especially in dynamic or cyclic load cases component.
  • DE 60 2006 000 294 T2 discloses a method and apparatus for removing slag produced by liquefying the metal material by heating and floating on the surface of the molten metal in an induction furnace.
  • the induction heating is stopped at a predetermined temperature, so that the molten metal settles and the slag begins to float on the surface.
  • a filter made of a heat-resistant, porous ceramic is moved along a surface of the molten metal, such that the lower half part of the filter is immersed in the molten metal and the upper part of the filter above the surface of the filter molten metal is.
  • the filter traps the slag that floats on the surface of the molten metal and removes the slag from the molten metal.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that only the slag which is deposited on a melt at rest, i. with stopped induction heating, forming, is removed. Impurities that move freely in the melt, such as endogenous inclusions can not be removed.
  • WO 2007/015956 A2 discloses a process for removing impurities before the molten metal penetrates into the mold.
  • the at least one filter here is not arranged within the casting vessel in which the molten material is contained.
  • the at least one filter is arranged inside a filter vessel, above which the casting vessel containing the molten material and below the filter vessel a transfer vessel or a mold are arranged.
  • the method comprises the steps of preheating at least one filter to a filter temperature which prevents breakage of the filter due to thermal shock from contact with the molten metal, and flowing of the molten metal through at least one filter.
  • a filter system for the deoxidation of a molten metal in a horizontal continuous casting process using a low frequency induction furnace is known.
  • the filter system consists of graphite filters arranged inside the melting chamber and the heat insulation chamber. Additional gas lines supply gas for deoxidation and purification of the molten metal.
  • the invention has for its object to increase the filtration efficiency and consequently the quality of the molten metal and the metallic end product.
  • freely moving, endogenous, non-metallic inclusions are to be removed in a flowing molten metal.
  • the object is achieved by a method for cleaning a molten metal in the crucible of an induction crucible furnace, wherein an AC-driven coil generates a melt flow and prior to casting in a casting mold or in a distributor for continuous casting, at least one ceramic filter of refractory oxides and / or non Oxide is dipped in combination with carbon in the preferably flowing molten metal, so that the moving in the melt non-metallic inclusions (NME) are removed by reactive means.
  • NME melt non-metallic inclusions
  • endogenous inclusions such as non-metallic inclusions
  • crucible furnaces allow inductive heating and melting of the metals. This heating is done by an AC driven coil. This creates a magnetic alternating field, which drives the melt flow in the crucible furnace.
  • a crucible furnace in the context of the invention is an inductively heated furnace, also known as an induction furnace, induction melting furnace, crucible induction furnace or induction crucible furnace, wherein at least one coil is arranged around the crucible.
  • the molten metal in an induction furnace is pre-cleaned by means of at least one, preferably two, ceramic filters before the melt flows into the ladle, into the distributor, into the casting mold or into the casting mold.
  • immersing the filter in the molten metal in the crucible induction furnace results in improving the quality of the molten metal because the filter is capable of trapping the molten NME.
  • Reactive removal of the non-metallic inclusions in the sense of the invention means that as a result of a chemical reaction between the filter material and the molten metal, the non-metallic inclusions are removed directly and / or indirectly from the molten metal.
  • the filter bodies can advantageously contribute directly to the removal of inclusions (generation of in situ layers on their filter surfaces where the inclusions deposit and lead via sintering processes to an attachment to the filter surface).
  • Indirect removal of the non-metallic inclusions occurs by transporting the non-metallic inclusions to the surface of the molten metal.
  • a chemical reaction takes place between the ceramic filter material and the flowing molten metal. This gaseous reaction products are formed, which are able to transport the non-metallic inclusions to the surface of the melt.
  • the carbon and alumina of the carbon-bonded Al 2 O 3 filter react with each other to form gaseous products such as aluminum suboxides and carbon monoxide, the iron of the molten steel catalytically acting.
  • the gaseous products act as gas bubbles in the molten steel and are capable of transporting non-metallic inclusions to the surface of the melt.
  • the indirect removal takes place in the sense of a kind of flotation over the gaseous products formed, for example CO bubbles from the carbothermic reduction between carbon from the carbon-bonded filter material and the oxide filler of the filter material, eg alumina.
  • the molten bath movement preferably supports the transport of the gaseous products, eg CO gas bubbles, via the switched-in induction field with the attached endogenous inclusions in the direction of the surface of the molten metal.
  • the filter bodies may indirectly result in the deposition of the non-metallic inclusions into the surface of the molten metal by the design of the filter geometry, in combination with the filter body rotation and the flow of the molten metal in the induction furnace.
  • the slag for receiving the particles.
  • preference can be given to generating larger agglomerates / clusters via the targeted adjustment of the flow, which move in the direction of slag due to their size (additional contribution of the buoyancy force).
  • the filter bodies and / or the filter systems contribute directly to the removal of inclusions with the generation of in situ layers on their filter surfaces, at which the inclusions deposit and lead via sintering processes to an attachment to the filter surface and / or indirectly, by shortening the design of the filter geometry and in combination with the filter body rotation and the flow of molten metal in the crucible of the induction crucible furnace, the way to deposit the non-metallic inclusions of a slag located on the melt surface.
  • Immersion of the at least one ceramic filter in the flowing molten metal in the sense of the invention means that the ceramic filter is located in the flowing molten metal, flows around it and is in intimate contact with the flowing molten metal.
  • the at least one ceramic filter dives punctually in the flowing molten metal, wherein the position of the ceramic filter is not changed relative to the arrangement within the induction crucible during the process for cleaning the molten metal.
  • pouring in the sense of the invention means that the molten metal is in ordered movement and a melt flow prevails within the induction crucible furnace, so that the molten metal circulates on recirculating paths in the induction crucible furnace.
  • the AC driven coil of the induction crucible furnace is turned on and the molten metal is in ordered movement and not in an idle state.
  • At least one ceramic filter is immersed in the molten metal in ordered motion and the molten metal in ordered motion is cleaned by removing the non-metallic inclusions from the molten metal.
  • the cleaned molten metal is then poured into a mold or manifold for continuous casting, with further purification steps following.
  • the efficiency of the filtration process depends on the transport of the non-metallic inclusion particles (NME) in the molten metal.
  • NME non-metallic inclusion particles
  • the flow of molten metal inside and outside the filter can play a crucial role, e.g. For example, the flow may or may not transport the NME to the walls of the filter.
  • the molten bath movement in the induction crucible furnace can be controlled in a targeted manner.
  • a melt flow in the form of two counter-rotating vortex toroids wherein the molten metal circulates on recirculating paths in the crucible of the induction crucible furnace and thereby directed to the walls of the induction crucible furnace, the bottom of the induction crucible furnace and / or the surface of the molten metal and then recombined.
  • oxides and / or non-oxides in combination with carbon serve as filter materials, for example carbon-bonded Al 2 O 3.
  • a high filtration efficiency is achieved by a carbon-bonded filter material.
  • a carbon-bonded filter material Preferably, with 1 to 20 g of such a filter material, 20 to 50 kg of a molten steel are cleaned in 10 seconds.
  • Refractory oxides and / or non-oxides in combination with or without carbon are preferably used as filter materials.
  • Cylindrical, carbon-bonded filter bodies based on foam ceramics or spaghetti structures with macrochannels with a minimum diameter of 10 mm are preferably used. Filter bodies with a minimum diameter of 100 mm diameter and 100 mm height are preferred.
  • the at least one ceramic filter is changed and / or rotated about its axis within the flowing molten metal.
  • exchangeable filter bodies are preferably used at eccentric positions in the induction furnace. Further advantageously, the filtration efficiency is increased when the at least one ceramic filter is rotated about its axis, since the melt is accelerated around the filter and under the filter.
  • filter body and / or filter systems are understood.
  • the molten metal to be cleaned is a molten steel.
  • the at least one ceramic filter is immersed eccentrically in the molten metal.
  • the eccentric position of the filter advantageously serves to increase the mass flow of the melt flowing through the filter.
  • the reason for this is that the filter is preferably positioned in an area where higher metal melt speeds are to be expected.
  • the filters are preferably immersed eccentrically in the crucible.
  • the purification of a molten metal is carried out by cleaning the molten metal in a crucible of the induction crucible furnace before casting into a casting mold or into a distributor for continuous casting in an induction crucible furnace with the aid of at least one eccentrically positioned filter body and / or filter system.
  • Eccentric position means the arrangement of the at least one ceramic filter outside the center of the induction crucible furnace.
  • the position in the induction furnace and the number of filters used as well as their permeability, open porosity, pore size distribution, specific surface area and roughness can advantageously influence the efficiency of the cleaning process.
  • the at least one ceramic filter has an active surface coating of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), magnesium aluminate spinel (MgO-Al 2 O 3 ), hercynite (FeO-Al 2 O 3 ), Jakobsit (MnO-Fe 2 O 3 ), Galaxite (MnO-Al 2 0 3 ), mullite (3AI 2 0 3 -2SiO 2 ), rodonite (MnO-SiO 2 ) or fayalite (2FeO-SiO 2 ) or mixtures of the aforementioned substances.
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • MgO-Al 2 O 3 magnesium aluminate spinel
  • FeO-Al 2 O 3 hercynite
  • Jakobsit MnO-Fe 2 O 3
  • Galaxite MnO-Al 2 0 3
  • mullite 3AI 2 0 3 -2SiO 2
  • rodonite MnO-Si
  • the filtration efficiency of the at least one ceramic filter is further increased by the active surface coating.
  • Carbon-bonded carrier materials may preferably be coated with oxides on their surface analogously to the patent DE 10 201 1 109 681 B4.
  • the at least one ceramic filter has a coating based on carbonaceous and / or ceramic nanoparticles.
  • Carbon-containing nanoparticles can be present in various forms, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes or carbon black, preferably as carbon nanotubes, particularly preferably as multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • Ceramic nanoparticles can be nanoscale oxidic or non-oxidic ceramic particles, preferably oxidic ceramic nanoparticles, particularly preferably Al 2 O 3 nanosheets.
  • the filtration efficiency is further increased by the coating based on carbonaceous and / or ceramic nanoparticles.
  • the at least one ceramic filter is rotated about its axis at a speed of 5 to 60 revolutions per minute.
  • the immersed filter body (s) should preferably be rotated about its axis at different rotational speeds.
  • the at least one ceramic filter is immersed in the molten metal for 5 seconds to 30 minutes and then changed.
  • the at least one ceramic filter is immersed in the molten metal for 5 seconds to 10 seconds and then changed.
  • the filter bodies are immersed in the crucible of the induction furnace depending on the metal alloy and the upstream secondary metallurgy for 10 seconds to 30 minutes and then replaced.
  • the filter bodies and / or the filter systems are immersed in the crucible of the induction crucible furnace for 5 seconds to 30 minutes and then changed.
  • the invention also includes a device for cleaning a molten metal in the crucible of an induction crucible furnace
  • At least one ceramic filter of refractory oxides and / or non-oxides in combination with carbon at least one ceramic filter of refractory oxides and / or non-oxides in combination with carbon
  • the at least one ceramic filter filter body in the form of an open-cell foam ceramic, a honeycomb body or a spaghetti filter comprises.
  • the filter bodies and / or the filter systems are used in the form of an open-cell foam ceramic or a honeycomb body or a spaghetti filter.
  • the at least one ceramic filter further comprises, as a filter system, porous containers in which mashed fibers or fibrous webs or spheres or splintered grains are present.
  • the filter systems used are porous containers in which mashed fibers or fiber fabrics or spheres or splintery grains are present.
  • the ceramic filter is rotatably and / or exchangeably connected to the drive unit and the drive unit is configured such that the vertical movement of the at least one ceramic filter for immersion in the molten metal and the rotation of the at least one ceramic filter about its own axis is possible.
  • the exchangeable ceramic filter advantageously makes it possible to accommodate the high flow rates of the molten metal as well as the limitations of the filter capacities. Further advantageously, the filtration efficiency is increased when the at least one ceramic filter is rotated about its axis, since the melt is accelerated around the filter and under the filter.
  • changeable and / or rotatable filter bodies and / or filter systems are used in the crucible of the induction crucible furnace in the induction crucible furnace.
  • filter bodies or filter systems for increasing the filtration efficiency are additionally attached to the crucible wall of the induction crucible furnace.
  • filter body or filter systems can be preferably attached to the crucible wall.
  • filter bodies or filter systems are mounted on the crucible wall to increase filtration efficiency.
  • coatings based on the materials of the filter bodies or the filter systems for increasing the filtration efficiency are attached to the crucible wall of the induction crucible furnace.
  • Coatings based on the materials of the filter bodies or the filter systems can preferably also be applied to the crucible wall.
  • coatings based on the materials of the filter bodies or the filter systems for increasing the filtration efficiency are applied to the crucible wall.
  • the filters or filter systems or coatings which are additionally attached to the crucible wall, advantageously permit the deposition of non-metallic inclusions on the crucible walls based on the materials of the filter bodies or the filter systems.
  • Fig. 1 shows a molten metal in an induction crucible furnace and two eccentrically submerged filters
  • FIG. 3 shows a molten metal in an induction crucible furnace and a centrically submerged filter body
  • Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram according to the invention. Shown is an induction crucible furnace with a molten metal therein. A coil is arranged around the induction crucible furnace. Within the melt, represented as black dots are the non-metallic inclusions moving and to be removed in the melt. Within the molten metal, two ceramic filters are positioned.
  • the arranged around the crucible coil is operated with alternating current and thus generates a magnetic alternating field, which drives the melt flow.
  • a melt flow is formed according to the illustrated counter-rotating vortex toroids, wherein the molten metal circulates on recirculating paths in the crucible of the induction crucible furnace and thereby directed to the walls of the induction crucible furnace, the bottom of the induction crucible furnace and / or the surface of the molten metal and then brought together again ,
  • Immersed in the flowing molten metal are two ceramic filters.
  • the filters are positioned eccentrically in the induction furnace.
  • the ceramic filters can be additionally rotated around their axis.
  • Fig. 2 shows the results of a numerical simulation on the dependence of the filtration rate on the number of filters and their position in-an induction furnace, wherein a filter centric, a filter eccentric or two filters are arranged eccentrically.
  • the filtration rate or filtration efficiency is calculated as:
  • the advantage of the eccentric position of the filter can be seen.
  • the filtration rate is increased when the filter is positioned eccentrically or several filters are immersed in the induction furnace.
  • a centric filter placed in the center of the induction crucible furnace achieves a filtration rate of 39%. If a filter is positioned eccentrically outside the center of the induction crucible, the filtration rate increases to 49%.
  • a further increase of the filtration rate to 73% can be achieved by the arrangement of two eccentrically positioned filters.
  • Fig. 3 shows a laboratory device for cleaning a molten metal in the crucible of an induction crucible furnace.
  • the induction crucible furnace consisting of a crucible 1 and an induction coil 2 surrounding the crucible 1.
  • the induction coil is operated with a power supply 3 with alternating current in the kHz frequency range.
  • the entire induction crucible furnace is located in a furnace chamber 8, which is evacuated to 2 mbar before the steel alloy is melted and then filled with argon.
  • the induction crucible furnace produces 30 kg of 42CrMo4 steel melted.
  • the endogenous inclusions 5 move.
  • the molten steel 4 is in ordered movement in accordance with the melt flows 6 that are formed.
  • the filter 7 is connected to a drive unit 10 via a holder 9.
  • the filter 7 is immersed centrally in the flowing molten steel 4 at a temperature of the melt of 1670 ° C, in the center of the induction crucible furnace.
  • the filter 7 with the dimensions 130 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm is made of carbon-bonded Al2O3 according to the Schwartzwalder method as foam ceramic filter of the pore class 10 ppi.
  • the filter 7 is immersed for 10 seconds in the molten steel 4 and thereby rotated at 30 revolutions per minute about its axis.
  • the filter 7 achieves a filtration efficiency of 95%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de purification d'un métal en fusion avant la fonte de deuxième fusion dans une lingotière ou dans un panier de coulée de l'installation de coulée continue dans le creuset d'un four à induction à creuset, au moins un corps filtrant ou un système filtrant céramique étant immergé dans le métal en fusion s'écoulant et les inclusions non métalliques (NME) se déplaçant dans la masse en fusion étant éliminées.
PCT/EP2017/073150 2016-09-16 2017-09-14 Procédé de purification d'un métal en fusion dans un four à induction WO2018050751A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112017000047.5T DE112017000047B4 (de) 2016-09-16 2017-09-14 Verfahren zur Reinigung einer Metallschmelze in einem Induktionsofen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016011152.6 2016-09-16
DE102016011152 2016-09-16

Publications (1)

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WO2018050751A1 true WO2018050751A1 (fr) 2018-03-22

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110227814A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-13 航大(厦门)新材科技有限公司 一种用于洁净钢连铸连轧生产的旋转式离心过滤中间包
DE102019117513B3 (de) * 2019-06-28 2020-08-06 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Keramischer Metallschmelzefilter und Verfahren zur Filtration einer Metallschmelze
CN117928242A (zh) * 2024-03-18 2024-04-26 烟台大学 一种高温合金真空冶炼浮渣去除装置及方法

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CN114941943A (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-26 张子豪 一种用于铜合金的真空感应熔炼炉

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019117513B3 (de) * 2019-06-28 2020-08-06 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Keramischer Metallschmelzefilter und Verfahren zur Filtration einer Metallschmelze
CN110227814A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-13 航大(厦门)新材科技有限公司 一种用于洁净钢连铸连轧生产的旋转式离心过滤中间包
CN110227814B (zh) * 2019-07-16 2024-04-02 航大(厦门)新材科技有限公司 一种用于洁净钢连铸连轧生产的旋转式离心过滤中间包
CN117928242A (zh) * 2024-03-18 2024-04-26 烟台大学 一种高温合金真空冶炼浮渣去除装置及方法
CN117928242B (zh) * 2024-03-18 2024-06-07 烟台大学 一种高温合金真空冶炼浮渣去除装置及方法

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