WO2018045768A1 - 家用电器、粉尘传感器及其标定方法、标定装置 - Google Patents

家用电器、粉尘传感器及其标定方法、标定装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018045768A1
WO2018045768A1 PCT/CN2017/082952 CN2017082952W WO2018045768A1 WO 2018045768 A1 WO2018045768 A1 WO 2018045768A1 CN 2017082952 W CN2017082952 W CN 2017082952W WO 2018045768 A1 WO2018045768 A1 WO 2018045768A1
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Prior art keywords
dust
calibration
airflow
dust sensor
sensor
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PCT/CN2017/082952
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周宏明
沈志聪
李洪涛
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Midea Group Co Ltd
GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Midea Group Co Ltd
GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN201610818124.XA external-priority patent/CN106290096A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201621050497.9U external-priority patent/CN206002421U/zh
Application filed by Midea Group Co Ltd, GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical Midea Group Co Ltd
Publication of WO2018045768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018045768A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of dust concentration detection, and in particular to a household appliance, a dust sensor, a calibration method thereof and a calibration device.
  • Dust sensors such as laser dust concentration sensors
  • MIE scattering theory to count or measure the concentration of suspended particles in the air to obtain a dust concentration. It usually has a wind guiding passage, a laser emitting tube and a photosensitive member. The airflow flows in the air guiding passage, and is irradiated with laser light to generate scattered light when flowing over the photosensitive element, and the photosensitive original receives the scattered light, and the scattered light is analyzed to obtain the dust in the airflow.
  • the dust sensor gas flows freely above the detection point, and the detection point position is set at the focus of the laser emission tube.
  • a DC fan is used to direct airflow over the detection point in order to ensure airflow stability.
  • the stability of the DC fan will affect the stability of the sensor, and the service life of the DC fan will affect the actual service life of the sensor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a household appliance, a dust sensor, a calibration method thereof, and a calibration device.
  • the household appliance, the dust sensor, the calibration method thereof, and the calibration device can avoid the influence of the airflow on the detection result, and improve the accuracy of the dust sensor. .
  • the present invention provides a dust sensor, the dust sensor comprising: a particle detecting device for detecting a particle number of the dust to be measured in the airflow; and a gas flow detecting device installed at a position where the airflow passes, detecting the airflow parameter And a processing device connected to the particle detecting device and the airflow detecting device to determine a dust concentration based on the number of particles and the airflow parameter.
  • the airflow detecting device is installed in the air duct, wherein the airflow of the dust content to be tested is circulated in the air duct.
  • the airflow detecting device is a flow sensor or a barometric pressure sensor.
  • the airflow parameter is one of: a gas flow rate in the dust sensor, a gas pressure, and an electrical parameter of the airflow detecting device.
  • the present invention also provides a home appliance including the above-described dust sensor.
  • determining the calibration coefficient of the dust sensor comprises performing a least squares linear fitting on the particle number of the dust at all calibration points, the dust concentration, and the airflow parameter to obtain the calibration coefficient.
  • the obtained calibration coefficients are:
  • the obtained calibration coefficients are:
  • the airflow parameter is one of: a gas flow rate in the dust sensor, a gas pressure, and an electrical parameter of the airflow detecting device.
  • the present invention further provides a calibration device for a dust sensor, the calibration device comprising: the dust sensor, detecting the number of particles of dust at n calibration points and airflow parameters in the dust sensor; standard instrument, detecting a dust concentration of the n calibration points; a processor connected to the dust sensor and the standard instrument, and determining a calibration coefficient according to the number of particles of the dust at the calibration point, the airflow parameter, and the dust concentration.
  • the airflow detecting device is installed in the dust sensor to detect the airflow condition, and the dust concentration is determined based on the number of particles to be tested and the airflow parameter in the dust sensor. This can avoid the influence of the airflow on the result and improve the accuracy of the dust sensor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an overall view of a dust sensor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a main cavity of a dust sensor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of an upper cover of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of a bottom portion of a top cover of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an assembled view of a laser emitting assembly of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of a laser emitting assembly of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a bottom view of a laser emitting assembly of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a calibration method of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a calibration method of a dust sensor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of a calibration device for a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • baffle structure 24 circuit board air inlet
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dust sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dust sensor provided by the present invention may include: a particle detecting device 100 that detects the number of particles of the dust to be tested in the airflow;
  • the airflow detecting device 200 is installed at a position where the airflow passes, detects airflow parameters, and the processing device 300 is connected to the particle detecting device 100 and the airflow detecting device 200, according to the number of particles and the airflow parameter To determine the dust concentration. This can avoid the influence of the airflow on the result and improve the accuracy of the dust sensor.
  • the dust sensor includes a air duct, and the airflow of the dust content to be measured flows in the air duct. Since the particle detecting device 100 detects the number of particles of the dust to be tested in the air duct, the airflow detecting device 200 can be installed in the air duct. The airflow detected by it corresponds to the airflow in which the particle detecting device 100 is located, thereby improving the detection accuracy.
  • the particle detecting device 100 may include a light emitting component and a photosensitive element, and the light may be, but not limited to, a laser.
  • the light emitting component may include: a light emitting tube that emits light to illuminate the airflow flowing in the air passage, and a lens assembly that is located on the optical path of the light for collecting light emitted by the light emitting tube;
  • the photosensitive element is located in the air passage for receiving scattered light generated by the light after the dust is irradiated.
  • the light emitting component may further include: a front aperture and a rear aperture to prevent light reflection.
  • the dust sensor may further include an air suction device mounted on a wall of the dust sensor for guiding the airflow to circulate in the air passage.
  • the air suction means may be, for example, a fan mounted on the wall of the sensor opposite to the inlet.
  • the upper cover of the dust sensor may be provided with a baffle structure to block the flow of air entering the dust sensor to flow into the air passage.
  • the processing device 300 can be in the form of a circuit board 7.
  • the air inlet 13 can be, but is not limited to, disposed on the front wall 1 of the main cavity 6 of the dust sensor, and the fan wall 8 can be disposed on the rear wall 4 through the fan mounting slot 12, and the fan 8 can coincide with the position of the air outlet 14; If the circuit board 7 is located below the air inlet 13, the circuit board air inlet 24 can be provided thereon so that the air flow enters the U-shaped air duct 11.
  • the air passage is not limited to a U shape, which may be any suitable shape, such as an L shape.
  • the fan 8 can direct airflow into the U-shaped air duct.
  • a baffle structure 23 may be disposed on the upper cover 5 of the dust sensor. After the airflow is blocked by the baffle structure 23, it enters the U-shaped air passage 11 in the main cavity 6 through the circuit board inlet 24.
  • the upper cover 5 can be assembled with the main cavity 6 by screws using a screw post 24.
  • the dust sensor can be powered by a socket mounted at the socket mounting hole 25.
  • the laser emitting component can be installed in the dust sensor through the laser emitting component mounting slot 10, and the laser emitting component cooling hole 22 can be disposed to dissipate heat to prevent the laser component from overheating.
  • FIG. 7 through 9 are illustrations of a laser emitting assembly 15 of a dust sensor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a light trap 9 may be disposed in the main cavity 6 for absorbing light emitted by the laser emitting tube 27 mounted at the laser emitting tube mounting position 17, the lens assembly being located in the optical trap 9 and the laser Between the launch tubes 27.
  • the photosensitive member 16 can be placed in the U-shaped air passage 11, and the laser light emitted from the laser emitting tube 27 can be parallel to the photosensitive member 16.
  • the emitted laser light may pass directly above the photosensitive element 16 and be incident into the optical trap 9 in the main cavity 6, and the optical trap 9 absorbs the incident laser light to reduce the noise of the reflected light.
  • the light trap 9 can be made of a light absorbing material or matt treated with a non-light absorbing material. As shown in FIGS.
  • the laser emitting unit 15 can be disposed on the circuit board 7.
  • the photosensitive member 16 may be located inside the detection hole 20 or below the detection hole 20. Compared with the rear aperture 19, the distance between the front aperture 18 and the detection aperture is small.
  • a laser tube vent can be provided for heat dissipation.
  • the laser emitting tube 27 may be a laser emitting tube having a diameter of 6 mm, a power of 3.6 mW, and a 650 band.
  • the front end of the laser emission tube 27 is provided with a lens, and the laser beam is concentrated at a position of 15 cm at the front end, that is, directly above the photosensitive element 16.
  • the flow sensor 2 mounted at position 26 can function as a flow detection device. It can be mounted in the same plane as the photosensitive element 16 in order to detect the same air flow as much as possible.
  • the present invention also provides a calibration method for a dust sensor for the above dust sensor.
  • n calibration points are selected;
  • the calibration coefficient of the dust sensor is determined based on the number of particles of the dust at all calibration points, the dust concentration, and the airflow parameter. This can avoid the influence of the airflow on the result and improve the accuracy of the dust sensor.
  • determining the calibration coefficient of the dust sensor comprises performing a least squares linear fitting on the particle number of the dust at all calibration points, the dust concentration, and the airflow parameter to obtain the calibration coefficient.
  • the calibration factor can be derived from equations (1) and (2):
  • the above calibration coefficient may be stored in the dust sensor.
  • the dust concentration may be calculated by the equation (3) based on the calibration coefficient:
  • N is the number of particles of dust measured by the dust sensor
  • X is the airflow parameter in the dust sensor
  • the calibration factor can be derived from equations (4) and (5):
  • the above calibration coefficient may be stored in the dust sensor.
  • the dust concentration may be calculated by the equation (6) based on the calibration coefficient:
  • N is the number of particles of dust measured by the dust sensor
  • X is the airflow parameter in the dust sensor
  • the airflow parameter is one of: a gas flow rate in the dust sensor, a gas pressure, and an electrical parameter of the airflow detecting device.
  • the flow rate of the gas is measured by using a flow sensor, and the flow rate of the gas in the same air passage is proportional to the number of particles of the dust because the external environment is constant. That is, the output of the flow sensor is proportional to the number of particles passing through the detection point.
  • the dust sensor is proportional to the flow rate L and the number N of particles recognized by the dust sensor.
  • N/L constant, which is the actual dust in the current environment. Concentration related.
  • the dust sensor is directly calibrated by curve fitting using the particle number N and the mass density M at the calibration, but the accuracy of the method is reduced due to the influence of the airflow.
  • the dust sensor provided by the invention can perform curve fitting using N/L and mass density M at the calibration time to consider the flow related parameters in the calibration process, thereby providing the accuracy of the dust detection result.
  • step 111 determining n calibration points, calibration point 1, calibration point 2, calibration point 3, calibration point 4, ... calibration point n;
  • step 113 the number of particles Ni at the i-th calibration point, the dust concentration Mi, and the flow rate Li of the flow sensor are recorded;
  • step 114 it is determined whether i is greater than or equal to n;
  • a linear fit is made to the two sets of (N1/L1, N2/L2...Nn/Ln) and (M1, M2, ... Mn) to calculate the sensor calibration factor due to gas flow and particles.
  • the number is proportional, so the calibration factor is the result of replacing the Xi in equations (1) and (2) with the gas flow rate Li;
  • the calibration coefficients are saved to the memory of the dust sensor to calculate the dust concentration using equation (3) when testing the dust.
  • the above gas flow rate can also be expressed using the electrical parameters of the flow sensor, which are associated with the gas flow, such as current, voltage or power, and the like.
  • an air pressure sensor can also be used to detect airflow parameters, such as air pressure.
  • air pressure When the external environment is constant, the pressure and flow rate of the gas in the same duct are inversely proportional, and the flow rate is proportional to the flow rate. That is, the output of the air pressure sensor is inversely proportional to the number of particles passing through the detection point.
  • the senor directly uses the particle number N and the mass density M for curve fitting calibration at the calibration time. As described above, the method is reduced in accuracy due to the influence of the airflow.
  • the dust sensor provided by the invention performs curve fitting using N*P and mass density M at the calibration time, and the flow-related parameter writing body is first in the calibration process.
  • the calibration coefficient can be determined according to equations (4) and (5), and the determined calibration coefficient is stored in the memory of the dust sensor to detect the dust concentration according to Equation (6) is used to calculate the dust concentration (for example, the concentration of PM2.5).
  • the present invention writes flow related parameters in advance in the calibration process.
  • the parameters of the sensor can be corrected in time while the flow changes, thereby overcoming the problem that the sensor is susceptible to external airflow.
  • the life and reliability of the flow sensor and the air pressure sensor completely exceed the commonly used DC fan, the requirement of the sensor for the stability of the fan is reduced, and the life and stability of the dust sensor are improved.
  • the present invention also provides a home appliance including the above-described dust sensor.
  • the present invention also provides a calibration device for a dust sensor, the calibration device comprising: the dust sensor 120, detecting the number of particles of dust at n calibration points and airflow parameters in the dust sensor 120; the standard instrument 130 Detecting the dust concentration of the n calibration points; the processor 140 is connected to the dust sensor 120 and the standard instrument 130, and is determined according to the number of particles of the dust at the calibration point, the airflow parameter, and the dust concentration. Calibration factor. This can avoid the influence of the airflow on the result and improve the accuracy of the dust sensor.

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Abstract

一种家用电器、粉尘传感器(120)及其标定方法、标定装置。粉尘传感器(120)包括粒子检测装置(100)，检测气流中待测粉尘的粒子数；气流检测装置(200)，安装在气流通过的位置处，检测气流参数；以及处理装置(300)，与粒子检测装置(100)和气流检测装置(200)连接，根据粒子数及气流参数来确定粉尘浓度。

Description

家用电器、粉尘传感器及其标定方法、标定装置 技术领域
本发明涉及粉尘浓度检测领域，具体地，涉及一种家用电器、粉尘传感器及其标定方法、标定装置。
背景技术
粉尘传感器，例如激光粉尘浓度传感器是利用MIE散射理论对空气中悬浮颗粒进行计数或者质量浓度测量的方式来获得粉尘浓度的器件。通常具有一个导风通道、一个激光发射管和一个感光元件。气流在导风通道中流动，流过感光原件上方时受到激光照射产生散射光，感光原件接收散射光，通过对散射光进行分析以得到气流中粉尘的情况。
通常粉尘传感器气体自由流过检测点上方，检测点位置设置于激光发射管汇聚的焦点处。通常情况下，为了保证气流稳定性使用一个直流风机引导气流流过检测点的上方。直流风机的稳定性会影响传感器的稳定性，直流风机的使用寿命则会影响传感器的实际使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种家用电器、粉尘传感器及其标定方法、标定装置，该家用电器、粉尘传感器及其标定方法、标定装置能够避免气流对检测结果的影响，提高了粉尘传感器的准确度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种粉尘传感器，所述粉尘传感器包括：粒子检测装置，检测气流中待测粉尘的粒子数；气流检测装置，安装在所述气流通过的位置处，检测气流参数；以及处理装置，与所述粒子检测装置和所述气流检测装置连接，根据所述粒子数及所述气流参数来确定粉尘浓度。
可选地，所述气流检测装置安装在风道中，其中，待测粉尘含量的气流在所述风道中流通。
可选地，所述气流检测装置为流量传感器或气压传感器。
可选地，所述气流参数为以下项中的一者：所述粉尘传感器中的气体流量、气体压力及所述气流检测装置的电参数。
相应地，本发明还提供一种家用电器，所述家用电器包括上述粉尘传感器。
本发明的另一方面还提供一种粉尘传感器的标定方法，所述标定方法包括：选择n个标定点；针对每个标定点来获取粉尘的粒子数Ni、粉尘浓度Mi以及所述粉尘传感器中的 气流参数Xi，其中i＝1,2,……,n；以及根据所有标定点处的所述粉尘的粒子数、粉尘浓度以及气流参数来确定所述粉尘传感器的标定系数。
可选地，确定所述粉尘传感器的标定系数包括：针对所有标定点处的所述粉尘的粒子数、粉尘浓度以及气流参数进行最小二乘法线性拟合以获得所述标定系数。
可选地，在所述气流参数与所述粉尘的粒子数成正比的情况下，所获得的标定系数为：
Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-000001
可选地，基于所述标定系数的粉尘浓度为：M＝a*N/X+b，其中，N为所述粉尘传感器所测得的粉尘的粒子数，X为粉尘传感器中的气流参数。
可选地，在所述气流参数与所述粉尘的粒子数成反比的情况下，所获得的标定系数为：
Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-000002
可选地，基于所述标定系数的粉尘浓度为：M＝a*N*X+b，其中，N为所述粉尘传感器所测得的粉尘的粒子数，X为粉尘传感器中的气流参数。
可选地，所述气流参数为以下项中的一者：所述粉尘传感器中的气体流量、气体压力及所述气流检测装置的电参数。
相应地，本发明还提供一种粉尘传感器的标定装置，所述标定装置包括：上述粉尘传感器，检测n个标定点处的粉尘的粒子数以及所述粉尘传感器中的气流参数；标准仪器，检测n个标定点的粉尘浓度；处理器，与所述粉尘传感器和所述标准仪器连接，根据所有标定点处的上述粉尘的粒子数、所述气流参数及所述粉尘浓度确定标定系数。
通过上述技术方案，在粉尘传感器中安装气流检测装置来检测气流情况，基于待测粉尘的粒子数及粉尘传感器中的气流参数来确定粉尘浓度。如此能够避免气流对结果的影响，提高了粉尘传感器的准确度。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的结构框图；
图2是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的结构示意图；
图3是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的整体图示；
图4是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的主腔体的图示；
图5是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的上盖的图示；
图6是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的上盖底部的图示；
图7是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的激光发射组件的装配图；
图8是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的激光发射组件的侧视图；
图9是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的激光发射组件底部图示；
图10是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的标定方法的流程图；
图11是根据本发明另一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的标定方法的流程图；以及
图12是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的标定装置的结构框图。
附图标记说明
1     前壁               2   流量传感器
4     后壁               5   上盖
6     主腔体             7   电路板
8     风扇               9   光陷阱
10  激光发射组件安装槽  11    U形风道
12  风扇安装槽         13      入气口
14  出气口             15      激光发射组件
16  感光元件           17      激光发射管安装位置
18  前置光阑           19      后置光阑
20  检测孔             22      激光发射组件散热孔
23  挡板结构           24      电路板进气口
25  插座安装孔         26      流量传感器安装位置
27  激光发射管         100     粒子检测装置
200  气流检测装置       300     处理装置
120  粉尘传感器         130     标准仪器
140  处理器
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
图1是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的一种粉尘传感器的结构示意图。如图1所示，本发明提供的粉尘传感器可以包括：粒子检测装置100，检测气流中待测粉尘的粒子数； 气流检测装置200，安装在所述气流通过的位置处，检测气流参数；以及处理装置300，与所述粒子检测装置100和所述气流检测装置200连接，根据所述粒子数及所述气流参数来确定粉尘浓度。如此能够避免气流对结果的影响，提高了粉尘传感器的准确度。
通常，粉尘传感器包括风道，待测粉尘含量的气流在风道中流通，由于粒子检测装置100检测是风道中待测粉尘的粒子数，因此，可以将气流检测装置200安装在所述风道中，以使其检测的气流对应于粒子检测装置100所处的气流，从而提高检测精度。
在一种实施方式中，所述粒子检测装置100可以包括：光发射组件和感光元件，光可以为但不限于激光。
其中，所述光发射组件可以包括：光发射管，发射光以照射风道中流通的气流，及透镜组件，位于所述光的光路上，用于汇聚所述光发射管发射的光；其中，所述感光元件位于所述风道中，用于接收所述光照射粉尘后产生的散射光。
所述光发射组件还可以包括：前置光阑和后置光阑，以防止光反射。
所述粉尘传感器还可以包括抽气装置，安装在所述粉尘传感器的壁上，用于引导气流在风道中流通。其中，所述抽气装置例如可以是安装在与入口相对的传感器的壁上的风扇。
所述粉尘传感器的上盖可以设置有挡板结构，对进入所述粉尘传感器的气流进行阻挡使其流至所述风道中。
以下将参考图2至图6通过具体实施方式来详细描述本发明，但是应该注意的是本发明并不限制于此。
如图2至图6所示，处理装置300可以是电路板7的形式。入气口13可以但不限于设置在粉尘传感器的主腔体6的前壁1上，其后壁4上可以通过风扇安装槽12来设置风扇8，风扇8可以与出气口14的位置相重合；如果电路板7位于入气口13的下方，则可以在其上设置电路板进气口24，以使得气流进入U形风道11。应该注意的是，风道并不限制于U形，其可以是任意合适的形状，例如L形。风扇8可以引导气流进入U形风道。
粉尘传感器的上盖5上可以设置一挡板结构23，气流被挡板结构23阻挡后，通过电路板进气口24进入主腔体6中的U形风道11中。上盖5可以通过螺丝柱24利用螺丝与主腔体6组装在一起。粉尘传感器可以通过安装于插座安装孔25处的插座来供电。激光发射组件可以通过激光发射组件安装槽10安装于粉尘传感器中，并可以设置激光发射组件散热孔22，以散发热量，避免激光组件过热。
图7至9是根据本发明一种实施方式提供的粉尘传感器的激光发射组件15的图示。
所述主腔体6中可以设置有光陷阱9，用于吸收在安装于激光发射管安装位置17处的激光发射管27发射的光，所述透镜组件位于所述光陷阱9和所述激光发射管27之间。感光元件16可以置于U形风道11中，激光发射管27发出的激光可以与感光元件16平行。 所发射的激光可以经过感光元件16的正上方，照射入主腔体6中的光陷阱9中，光陷阱9吸收射入的激光，以减少反射光的噪声。所述光陷阱9可以使用吸光材料制作，或对非吸光材料进行亚光处理。如图7至图9所示，激光发射组件15可以设置与电路板7上。感光元件16可以位于检测孔20的内部或检测孔20的下方。与后置光阑19相比，前置光阑18与检测孔距离较小。另外，可以设置激光发射管散热孔，以进行散热。
在一个实施例中，激光发射管27可以选用直径6mm、功率3.6mw、650波段的激光发射管。所述激光发射管27前端设置有透镜，将激光光束汇聚在前端15cm的位置，即感光元件16正上方。
在一个实施方式中，安装于位置26的流量传感器2可以作为气流检测装置。其可以安装位置可以与感光元件16位于同一平面上，以便尽可能检测同样的气流。
针对上述粉尘传感器，本发明还提供一种粉尘传感器的标定方法。如图10所示，在步骤101处，选择n个标定点；在步骤102处，针对每个标定点来获取粉尘的粒子数Ni、粉尘浓度Mi以及所述粉尘传感器中的气流参数Xi，其中i＝1,2,……,n；以及在步骤103处，根据所有标定点处的所述粉尘的粒子数、粉尘浓度以及气流参数来确定所述粉尘传感器的标定系数。如此能够避免气流对结果的影响，提高了粉尘传感器的准确度。
其中，确定所述粉尘传感器的标定系数包括：针对所有标定点处的所述粉尘的粒子数、粉尘浓度以及气流参数进行最小二乘法线性拟合以获得所述标定系数。
在所述气流参数与所述粉尘的粒子数成正比的情况下，标定系数可以从等式(1)和(2)得出：
Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-000004
上述标定系数可以被存储于粉尘传感器中，当粉尘传感器进行粉尘检测时，可以基于所述标定系数通过等式(3)来计算粉尘浓度：
M＝a*N/X+b              (3)
其中，N为所述粉尘传感器所测得的粉尘的粒子数，X为粉尘传感器中的气流参数。
在所述气流参数与所述粉尘的粒子数成反比的情况下，标定系数可以从等式(4)和(5)得出：
Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-000006
上述标定系数可以被存储于粉尘传感器中，当粉尘传感器进行粉尘检测时，可以基于所述标定系数通过等式(6)来计算粉尘浓度：
M＝a*N*X+b            (6)
其中，N为所述粉尘传感器所测得的粉尘的粒子数，X为粉尘传感器中的气流参数。
所述气流参数为以下项中的一者：所述粉尘传感器中的气体流量、气体压力及所述气流检测装置的电参数。
以下将参考图11通过具体实施方式来详细描述本发明，但是应该注意的是，本发明并不限制于此。
在该实施方式中，通过使用流量传感器来测量气体流量，由于在外部环境不变的情况下，同一风道中的气体流量和粉尘的粒子数成正比。即流量传感器的输出和通过检测点的粒子数成正比。
在使用流量传感器的实施方式中，在粉尘传感器标定时由于流量L和粉尘传感器识别的粒子数N成正比，在外界粉尘浓度一定的时候N/L＝常数，该常数与当前环境中的实际粉尘浓度相关。
通常粉尘传感器在标定时直接使用粒子数N和质量密度M进行曲线拟合来标定，但是该方法由于受到气流影响，准确性会被降低。本发明提供的粉尘传感器在标定时可以使用N/L和质量密度M进行曲线拟合，来将流量相关参数考虑在标定流程中，从而提供粉尘检测结果的准确性。
如图11所示，在步骤111处，确定n个标定点，标定点1、标定点2、标定点3、标定点4……标定点n；
在步骤112处，初始化i＝1；
在步骤113处，记录第i个标定点处的粒子数Ni、粉尘浓度Mi以及流量传感器的流量Li；
在步骤114处，判断i是否大于或等于n；
如果i小于n，则在步骤115处，设置i＝i+1，然后转至步骤113；
例如：记录第1个标定点处的粒子数N1、标准仪器所测量的粉尘浓度M1以及流量传感器所测量的气体流量L1；
记录第2个标定点处的粒子数N2、标准仪器所测量的粉尘浓度M2以及流量传感器所测量的气体流量L2；
记录第3个标定点处的粒子数N3、标准仪器所测量的粉尘浓度M3以及流量传感器所 测量的气体流量L3；
……
直至记录完n个标定点对应的(Ni,Vi,Mi)。
在步骤116处，对(N1/L1，N2/L2...Nn/Ln)和(M1,M2,...Mn)两组数进行线性拟合以计算传感器标定系数，由于气体流量与粒子数成正比，因此标定系数即将等式(1)和(2)中的Xi替换为气体流量Li后所得到的结果；
在步骤117处，将标定系数保存至粉尘传感器的存储器中，以便在测试粉尘时利用等式(3)来计算粉尘浓度。
当然上述气体流量也可以使用流量传感器的电参数来表示，该电参数与气体流量相关联，例如电流、电压或功率等等。
当然，也可以采用气压传感器来检测气流参数，例如气压。外部环境不变的情况下，同一风道中气体的压力和流速成反比，流速和流量成正比。也就是说，气压传感器的输出和通过检测点的粒子数成反比。
在粉尘传感器标定时，由于压强P和传感器识别的粒子数N成反比，在外界粉尘浓度一定的时候N*P＝常数，该常数与当前环境中的实际粉尘浓度相关。
通常传感器在标定时直接使用粒子数N和质量密度M进行曲线拟合标定，如上所述该方法由于受到气流影响，准确性会被降低。本发明提供的粉尘传感器在在标定时使用N*P和质量密度M进行曲线拟合，将流量相关参数写体先在标定流程中。
由于气压传感器所测量的气压与粒子数成反比，因此标定系数可以根据等式(4)和(5)来确定，并将确定的标定系数存储至粉尘传感器的存储器中，以便检测粉尘浓度时根据等式(6)来计算粉尘浓度(例如PM2.5的浓度)。
本发明将流量相关参数预先写在标定流程中。在流量变化的同时及时可以对传感器的参数进行修正，从而克服了传感器容易受到外界气流的影响的问题。同时由于流量传感器和气压传感器的寿命和可靠性完全超过通常使用的直流风机，因而降低了传感器对风机稳定性的要求，并提升了粉尘传感器的寿命和使用稳定性。
相应地，本发明还提供一种家用电器，所述家用电器包括上述粉尘传感器。
另外，本发明还提供一种粉尘传感器的标定装置，所述标定装置包括：上述粉尘传感器120，检测n个标定点处的粉尘的粒子数以及所述粉尘传感器120中的气流参数；标准仪器130，检测n个标定点的粉尘浓度；处理器140，与所述粉尘传感器120和所述标准仪器130连接，根据所有标定点处的上述粉尘的粒子数、所述气流参数及所述粉尘浓度确定标定系数。如此能够避免气流对结果的影响，提高了粉尘传感器的准确度。
有关粉尘传感器的标定装置的具体细节及益处与上述针对粉尘传感器的标定方法细节 及益处相同，于此不再赘述。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种粉尘传感器，其特征在于，所述粉尘传感器包括：
    粒子检测装置，检测气流中待测粉尘的粒子数；
    气流检测装置，安装在所述气流通过的位置处，检测气流参数；以及
    处理装置，与所述粒子检测装置和所述气流检测装置连接，根据所述粒子数及所述气流参数来确定粉尘浓度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的粉尘传感器，其特征在于，所述气流检测装置安装在风道中，其中，待测粉尘含量的气流在所述风道中流通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的粉尘传感器，其特征在于，所述气流检测装置为流量传感器或气压传感器。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的粉尘传感器，其特征在于，所述气流参数为以下项中的一者：所述粉尘传感器中的气体流量、气体压力及所述气流检测装置的电参数。
  5. 一种家用电器，其特征在于，所述家用电器包括权利要求1至4中任一项所述的粉尘传感器。
  6. 一种粉尘传感器的标定方法，其特征在于，所述标定方法包括：
    选择n个标定点；
    针对每个标定点来获取粉尘的粒子数Ni、粉尘浓度Mi以及所述粉尘传感器中的气流参数Xi，其中i＝1,2,……,n；以及
    根据所有标定点处的所述粉尘的粒子数、粉尘浓度以及气流参数来确定所述粉尘传感器的标定系数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的标定方法，其特征在于，确定所述粉尘传感器的标定系数包括：针对所有标定点处的所述粉尘的粒子数、粉尘浓度以及气流参数进行最小二乘法线性拟合以获得所述标定系数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的标定方法，其特征在于，在所述气流参数与所述粉尘的粒子数成正比的情况下，所获得的标定系数为：
    Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-100002
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的标定方法，其特征在于，基于所述标定系数的粉尘浓度为：M＝a*N/X+b，
    其中，N为所述粉尘传感器所测得的粉尘的粒子数，X为粉尘传感器中的气流参数。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的标定方法，其特征在于，在所述气流参数与所述粉尘的粒子数成反比的情况下，所获得的标定系数为：
    Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2017082952-appb-100004
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的标定方法，其特征在于，基于所述标定系数的粉尘浓度为：M＝a*N*X+b，
    其中，N为所述粉尘传感器所测得的粉尘的粒子数，X为粉尘传感器中的气流参数。
  12. 根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的标定方法，其特征在于，所述气流参数为以下项中的一者：所述粉尘传感器中的气体流量、气体压力及所述气流检测装置的电参数。
  13. 一种粉尘传感器的标定装置，其特征在于，所述标定装置包括：
    权利要求1至4中任一项所述的粉尘传感器，检测n个标定点处的粉尘的粒子数以及所述粉尘传感器中的气流参数；
    标准仪器，检测n个标定点的粉尘浓度；
    处理器，与所述粉尘传感器和所述标准仪器连接，根据所有标定点处的上述粉尘的粒子数、所述气流参数及所述粉尘浓度确定标定系数。
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