WO2018041180A1 - 无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 - Google Patents

无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 Download PDF

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WO2018041180A1
WO2018041180A1 PCT/CN2017/099817 CN2017099817W WO2018041180A1 WO 2018041180 A1 WO2018041180 A1 WO 2018041180A1 CN 2017099817 W CN2017099817 W CN 2017099817W WO 2018041180 A1 WO2018041180 A1 WO 2018041180A1
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magneto
optical material
optical
waveguide
photodiode
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PCT/CN2017/099817
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English (en)
French (fr)
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欧阳征标
郑耀贤
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深圳大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/093—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/0955—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a magnetic surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a leakage-free magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave light direction controllable diode.
  • Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback.
  • the main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle.
  • Conventional Faraday isolators consist of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is commonly used in free-space optical systems.
  • integrated optical devices such as fiber optics or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle and are therefore not suitable for use with pull-up isolators.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a leak-free magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode with simple and effective structure, high light transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration.
  • the leakage-free magneto-optical material of the present invention has a light input port, an optical output port, two magneto-optical material layers, a dielectric layer, four absorbing layers and two offsets.
  • Static magnetic field; the photodiode and isolator consist of two magnetic The light material layer and the dielectric layer are formed; the left end of the photodiode and the isolator is an optical input port or a light output port, and the right end thereof is a light output port or a light input port;
  • the gap between the two magneto-optical material layers is a medium a magnetic wave fast wave at the surface of the magneto-optical material layer and the dielectric layer; a bias magnetic field with opposite directions respectively disposed at the two magneto-optical material layers, and the direction is controllable;
  • the magnetic surface fast wave photodiode It consists of a magneto-optical material void waveguide.
  • the photodiode is composed of a magneto-optical material layer and a dielectric layer to form a three-layer optical waveguide.
  • the three-layer structure waveguide is a TE working mode waveguide.
  • the three-layer structure is a straight waveguide structure.
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass, various rare earth element doped garnet or rare earth-transition metal alloy thin film material.
  • the dielectric layer is a material that is transparent to the working wave.
  • the dielectric layer is vacuum, air, glass, silicon dioxide.
  • Each of the four absorbing layers has a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength with respect to the surface of the optical waveguide; the thickness of each of the four absorbing layers is not less than 1/4 wavelength, respectively.
  • the absorbing layer is the same or different absorbing materials; the absorbing layer material is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixed Body, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyarylsulfone or polyethyleneimine.
  • the absorbing layer material is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixed Body, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyarylsulfone or polyethyleneimine.
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or by a permanent magnet.
  • the current of the electromagnet is a directionally controllable current, and the permanent magnet can rotate.
  • the invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has wide application prospects. It and Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
  • the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a non-leaked void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the non-leakage magneto-optical material gap waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode to the right.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the non-leakage magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode to the left.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the non-leakage magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode as a function of the lightwave frequency.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the non-leakage magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode with positive and negative transmission efficiency as a function of lightwave frequency.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the leak-free magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode as a function of the light-wave frequency.
  • the leakage-free magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode of the present invention comprises an optical input port 1, an optical output port 2, a first magneto-optical material layer 3 and a second magneto-optical material.
  • Layer 4 a dielectric layer 5, a first absorbing layer 6, a second absorbing layer 7, a third absorbing layer 8, a fourth absorbing layer 9, and two bias magnetic fields; the left end of the photodiode and the isolator are Optical input port 1 or optical output port 2, the right end of which is optical output port 2 or optical input port 1; the magnetic surface fast wave photodiode is composed of a magneto-optical material void waveguide; the photodiode is composed of a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magnetic field
  • the optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 constitute a three-layer structure optical waveguide capable of unidirectionally transmitting optical signals, that is, photodiodes, and the three-layer structure is a straight waveguide structure, and the waveguide of the present invention is a TE working mode waveguide.
  • the gap between the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is a dielectric layer 5, and the dielectric layer 5 is a region where light energy is mainly concentrated.
  • the dielectric layer 5 may be a transparent material of a working wave, or may be vacuum. Air, glass, silica, working wave transparent plastic.
  • the surface of the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 is a magnetic surface fast wave;
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass, various rare earth doped garnet or rare earth-transition metal An alloy film material;
  • a bias magnetic field having an opposite direction that is, a bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) and a bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (in), respectively, are disposed at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4,
  • the applied magnetic field H 0 is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction or by a rotatable permanent magnet, so that the direction of the current can be controlled to change the conduction direction of the photodiode or by rotating the permanent magnet.
  • the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 are in the opposite direction of the bias magnetic field H 0 . As shown in FIG. 1( a ), the left end of the photodiode and the isolator is the input port 1 , and the right end is the right end.
  • optical output ports 2, 3 adjustable magneto-optical material is applied perpendicular to the magnetic field H 0 to the paper out of the magneto-optical material 4 is applied perpendicular to the magnetic field H 0 in the facing sheet, the light from the light conducting direction to the optical input port 1 Output port 2; as shown in Figure 1 (b), the right end of the photodiode and the isolator is the input port 2, the left end is the light output port 1, the magneto-optical material 3 is adjusted and the magnetic field H 0 perpendicular to the paper surface is applied, and the magnetic field When the optical material 4 is applied perpendicular to the static magnetic field H 0 facing outward from the paper, the light conduction direction is from the light input port 2 to the light output port 1.
  • the first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8 and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are the same or different absorbing materials, and the absorbing layer material is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black. , carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyetheretherketone ( PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES), polyarylsulfone (PEI) or polyethyleneimine (PAS).
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • PEI polyarylsulfone
  • PAS polyethyleneimine
  • the first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8, and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the optical waveguide, and the first absorbing layer 6.
  • the thicknesses of the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8, and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are each not less than 1/4 wavelength.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP).
  • the magneto-optical material Under the action of the bias magnetic field, the magneto-optical material has a magnetic permeability of tensor, and at the same time, its effective refractive index is negative in a certain optical band.
  • the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of producing a guided wave and has a property of unidirectional propagation, which is called a surface acoustic wave (Surface Magnetically Polarized Wave, SMP).
  • the device for leak-free magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode is based on the non-reciprocity of magneto-optical materials, combined with the characteristics of surface wave which can be generated by magneto-optical material-medium interface Photodiodes and isolators with excellent performance.
  • the magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material three-layer structure waveguide and four absorbing layers are combined, and the unidirectional transmission of light is performed by the magnetic surface fast wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface, and the current direction controllable electromagnetic is utilized. Iron to control the conduction direction of the photodiode.
  • the absorbing layer absorbs unwanted waves and eliminates optical path interference.
  • the technical scheme of the invention realizes the design of the photodiode and the isolator based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material-medium interface.
  • the basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
  • the magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by an external magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment.
  • the magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light.
  • the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
  • H 0 is the applied magnetic field
  • M s is the saturation magnetization
  • ⁇ is the operating frequency
  • ⁇ is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the bias magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper face, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be solved according to the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material and Maxwell's equations.
  • the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
  • the magneto-optical materials of the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 are added with magnetic fields in opposite directions, and the electromagnet is controlled by a current.
  • the direction of the magnetic field will then constitute an effective directional controllable photodiode.
  • YIG yttrium iron garnet
  • the medium interface When the magnetic field direction at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the magnetic field direction at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper facing inward, when light is input from the port 1, it will be simultaneously at the two magneto-optical materials.
  • the medium interface generates a unidirectional forward-transferred magnetic surface wave, and finally outputs from port 2, that is, the direction-controlled diode is unidirectionally turned to the right; when light is input from port 2, the light wave is caused by the non-reciprocity of the surface acoustic wave It is not possible to transmit in the reverse direction of the device, so that it cannot be output from port 1, and the light energy is all blocked at the optical input port 2.
  • the conduction direction of the photodiode is determined by the direction of the applied magnetic field.
  • the direction of the magnetic field added by the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is simultaneously changed, as shown in FIG. 3, the yttrium iron garnet is used.
  • the bias magnetic field size is 900 Oe
  • the magnetic field direction at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the magnetic field direction at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the conduction directions of the diodes are opposite.
  • a magnetic surface wave can be generated inside the device, and the light wave is output from the port 1, that is, the left direction of the direction controllable photodiode is unidirectional.
  • the light wave is input from port 1, the reverse light wave cannot be propagated inside due to the non-reciprocity of the device, and port 2 does not have any light output, and the light energy is all blocked at port 1.
  • the conduction direction is controlled by the direction of the external magnetic field, that is, the direction of the bias magnetic field is adjusted to control the conduction direction of the wave in the photodiode.
  • the magneto-optical material void waveguide direction controllable photodiode of the device of the invention has three-layer structure characteristics of magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material, the whole device is a flat structure, the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material
  • the size of the layer 4 and the thickness w of the dielectric layer 5 can be flexibly selected according to the operating wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
  • yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction, and the size is 900 Oe, and the direction will be determined.
  • the coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4 , and the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and the magnetic permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium.
  • the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled by the electromagnet current, and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the photodiode will be from the light input port 1 Turning on to the light output port 2; conversely, controlling the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 to be perpendicular to the paper surface, the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the photodiode will be from the light input port 2 Turn on to the light output port 1. In both cases, the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency. Referring to Fig.
  • the operating frequency range of the photodiode and the isolator of the direct waveguide structure is 5.02 GHz to 7.36 GHz.
  • the photodiode and the isolator have a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 32.8 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.00369 dB.
  • the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled by the electromagnet current, and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the photodiode will be from the light input port 1 Turning on to the light output port 2; conversely, controlling the magnetic field direction of the first magneto-optical material layer 3 to face the paper in the vertical direction, the magnetic field direction of the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the photodiode will be from the light input port 2 Turn on to the light output port 1. In both cases, the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency. Referring to FIG.
  • the operating frequency range of the photodiode and the isolator of the straight waveguide structure is 5.00 GHz to 7.36 GHz.
  • the photodiode and the isolator have a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 31.7 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.00295 dB.
  • the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled by the electromagnet current, and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the photodiode will be from the light input port 1 Turning on to the light output port 2; conversely, controlling the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 to be perpendicular to the paper surface, the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the photodiode will be from the light input port 2 Turn on to the light output port 1. In both cases, the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency. Referring to Fig.
  • the operating frequency range of the photodiode and the isolator of the straight waveguide structure is 4.94 GHz to 7.78 GHz.
  • the photodiode and the isolator have a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 33.0 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.00217 dB.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are transmission efficiency curves of the magneto-optical material gap waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode with different parameters, and the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave transmitted by the magneto-optical material void waveguide can be obtained, that is, The operating frequency range of the direction controllable photodiode. It can be seen from the results that the present invention is based on the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode can work effectively.

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Abstract

一种无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波光方向可控二极管，它包括一个光输入端口（1）、一个光输出端口（2）、两个磁光材料层（3、4）、一个介质层（5）、四个吸波层（6、7、8、9）以及两个偏置磁场（H0）；光二极管和隔离器由两个磁光材料层（3、4）和介质层（5）构成；光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口（1）或光输出端口（2），其右端为光输出端口（2）或光输入端口（1）；两个磁光材料层（3、4）间的空隙为介质层（5）；磁光材料层（3、4）和介质层（5）的表面处为磁表面快波；两个磁光材料层（3、4）处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场（H0）；磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成。结构简单、便于实现、光传输效率高、体积小便于集成，适合应用于大规模光路集成，具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁光材料、磁表面波和光二极管，具体涉及一种无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波光方向可控二极管。
背景技术
光二极管和隔离器是一种只允许光往一个方向传播的光学器件，应用于阻止不必要的光反馈。传统的光二极管和隔离器的主元件是法拉第旋光器，应用了法拉第效应(磁光效应)作为其工作原理。传统的法拉第隔离器由起偏器、法拉第旋光器和检偏器组成，这种器件结构复杂，通常被应用在自由空间的光系统中。对于集成光路，光纤或波导等集成光器件都是非偏振维持系统，会导致偏振角的损耗，因而不适用法拉第隔离器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种结构简单有效，光传输效率高，体积小，便于集成的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现：
本发明无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管包括一个光输入端口、一个光输出端口、两个磁光材料层、一个介质层、四个吸波层和两个偏置静磁场；所述光二极管和隔离器由两个磁 光材料层和介质层构成；所述光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口或光输出端口，其右端为光输出端口或光输入端口；所述两个磁光材料层间的空隙为介质层；所述磁光材料层与介质层的表面处为磁表面快波；所述两个磁光材料层处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场，且方向可控；所述磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成。
所述光二极管由磁光材料层和介质层构成三层结构光波导。
所述三层结构波导为TE工作模式波导。
所述三层结构为直波导结构。
所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃、各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石或者稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜材料。
所述介质层为工作波透明的材料。
所述介质层为真空、空气、玻璃、二氧化硅。
所述四个吸波层均分别与所述光波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长；所述四个吸波层的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。
所述吸波层为相同或不同的吸波材料；所述吸波层材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。
所述偏置磁场由电磁铁产生或者由永久磁铁提供，电磁铁的电流为方向可控电流，永久磁铁能旋转。
本发明适合应用于大规模光路集成，具有广泛的应用前景。它与 现有技术相比，具有如下积极效果。
1.结构简单、便于实现。
2.光传输效率高。
3.体积小，便于集成。
附图说明
图1为无泄漏空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的结构图。
图1(a)中：光输入端口1  光输出端口2  第一磁光材料层3第二磁光材料层4  介质层5  第一吸波层6  第二吸波层7  第三吸波层8  第四吸波层9  偏置磁场⊙H0(外)  偏置磁场⊕H0(里)介质层厚度w  吸波层与波导之间的距离w1
图1(b)中：光输出端口1  光输入端口2  第一磁光材料层3第二磁光材料层4  介质层5  第一吸波层6  第二吸波层7  第三吸波层8  第四吸波层9  偏置磁场⊙H0(外)  偏置磁场⊕H0(里)  介质层厚度w  吸波层与波导之间的距离w1
图2为无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管向右单向导通的工作原理图。
图3为无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管向左单向导通的工作原理图。
图4为无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第一种实施例曲线图。
图5为无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第二种实施例曲线图。
图6为无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第三种实施例曲线图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管包括一个光输入端口1、一个光输出端口2、第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4、一个介质层5、第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8、第四吸波层9和两个偏置磁场；光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口1或光输出端口2，其右端为光输出端口2或光输入端口1；磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成；光二极管由第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4和介质层5构成三层结构光波导可单向传输光信号，即为光二极管，三层结构为直波导结构，本发明波导为TE工作模式波导。第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4间的空隙为介质层5，介质层5是光能量主要集中的区域，介质层5可以采用工作波透明的材料，也可以采用真空、空气、玻璃、二氧化硅、工作波透明的塑料。第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4与介质层5的表面处为磁表面快波；磁光材料为磁光玻璃、各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石或者稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜材料；第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场,即偏置磁场⊙H0(外)和偏置磁场⊕H0(里)，外加磁场H0由电流方向可控的电磁铁产生或者由能旋转的永久磁铁提供，所以可以控制电流方向来改变光二极管的导通方向，或者通过旋转永久磁体来改变。第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4处于相反方向的偏置磁场H0作用下， 如图1(a)所示，光二极管和隔离器的左端为输入端口1，右端为光输出端口2,调节磁光材料3外加垂直于纸面向外的磁场H0，而磁光材料4外加垂直于纸面向里的磁场H0时，光导通方向是从光输入端口1到光输出端口2；如图1(b)所示，光二极管和隔离器的右端为输入端口2，左端为光输出端口1，调节磁光材料3外加垂直于纸面向里的磁场H0，而磁光材料4外加垂直于纸面向外的静磁场H0时，光导通方向是从光输入端口2到光输出端口1。第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9为相同或不同的吸波材料，吸波层材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚芳砜(PEI)或者聚乙烯亚胺(PAS)。第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与光波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长，第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波是一种类似于金属表面等离子激元(SPP)的现象。磁光材料在偏置磁场的作用下，磁导率为张量形式，同时，在一定的光波段范围内，其有效折射率为负值。因而，磁光材料的表面能够产生一种导波，且具有单向传播的性能，称为磁表面波(表面磁极化子波，SMP)。
本发明无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的器件是基于磁光材料所具有的非互易性，结合磁光材料-介质界面能够产生表面波的特性所研究出的具有优异性能的光二极管和隔离器。将磁光材料-介质-磁光材料三层结构波导和四个吸波层组合，通过磁光材料-介质界面产生的磁表面快波来进行光的单向传输，利用电流方向可控的电磁铁来控制光二极管的导通方向。吸波层吸收无用波，消除光路干扰。
本发明技术方案是基于磁光材料所具有的光非互易性和磁光材料-介质界面所具有独特的可传导表面波特性，实现光二极管和隔离器的设计。该技术方案的基本原理如下：
磁光材料是一种具有磁各向异性的材料，由外加磁场导致磁光材料内部的磁偶极子按同一方向排列，进而产生磁偶极矩。磁偶极矩将和光信号发生强烈的相互作用，进而产生光的非互易性传输。在方向为垂直纸面向外的偏置磁场H0的作用下，磁光材料的磁导率张量为：
Figure PCTCN2017099817-appb-000001
磁导率张量的矩阵元由以下方程组给出：
Figure PCTCN2017099817-appb-000002
其中，μ0为真空中的磁导率，γ为旋磁比，H0为外加磁场，Ms为饱和磁化强度，ω为工作频率，α为损耗系数。若改变偏置磁场的方向为 垂直纸面向里，则H0和Ms将改变符号。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波则可以根据磁光材料的磁导率张量和麦克斯韦方程组求解得出。满足表面波(TE波)在界面存在的电场和磁场应当有如下的形式：
Figure PCTCN2017099817-appb-000003
其中i＝1代表磁光材料区域，i＝2代表介质区域。代入麦克斯韦方程组：
Figure PCTCN2017099817-appb-000004
再根据本构关系式和边界条件，可得出关于磁表面波的波矢kz的超越方程：
Figure PCTCN2017099817-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017099817-appb-000006
为磁光材料的有效磁导率。此超越方程可以由数值解法求解，最终得到kz的值。也可从方程看出，由于方程包含μκkz的项，所以，磁表面波具有非互易性(单向传播)。而从方程的求解可以得出，当改变磁场为反向时，光二极管的导通方向也变为相反方向。
可见，若采用磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构，第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4的磁光材料处加入相反方向的磁场，而且由电流控制电磁铁磁场方向，那么将构成有效的方向可控光二极管。如图2所示，本发明采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料， 介质层为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，介质层5的厚度w＝5mm，第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与波导之间的距离为w1＝5mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4。当第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，而第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向内时，当光从端口1输入，将同时在两个磁光材料-介质界面产生单向正向传输的磁表面波，最后从端口2输出，即方向可控二极管向右单向导通；当光从端口2输入时，由于磁表面波的非互易性导致光波不能够在器件里面反向传输，从而无法从端口1输出，光能量已全部在光输入端口2处被阻挡。光二极管的导通方向由外加磁场的方向所决定，当同时改变第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4所增加的磁场方向时，如图3所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，介质层为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，介质层厚度w＝5mm，第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与波导之间的距离为w1＝5mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4。第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，而第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，二极管的导通方向是相反的。当光波从端口2输入时，能够在器件内部产生磁表面波，光波从端口1输出，即方向可控光二极管的向左单向导通。当光波从端口1输入时，由于器件的非互易性导致其内部无法传播反向 的光波，端口2没有任何光输出，光能量已全部在端口1处被阻挡。其中导通方向由外磁场方向控制，即调节偏置磁场的方向可控制光二极管中波的导通方向。
本发明器件的磁光材料空隙波导方向可控光二极管具有磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构特征，整个器件为平直结构，第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4的尺寸及介质层5的厚度w可灵活地根据工作波长和实际需求选择。改变尺寸对器件性能没有大的影响。
下面结合附图给出三个实施例，在实施例中采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，偏置磁场由电流方向可控的电磁铁产生，大小为900Oe，方向将决定二极管的导通方向，第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与波导之间的距离为w1＝5mm，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定。
实施例1
参照图1(a)和(b)，磁表面快波方向可控光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成，介质层5为空气(n0＝1)，其厚度w＝5mm。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，光二极管将从光输入端口1到光输出端口2导通；相反，控制第一磁光材料层3处磁场方向垂直纸面向里，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，光二极管将从光输入端口2到光输出端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图4，直波导结构的光二极管和隔离 器的工作频率范围是5.02GHz～7.36GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，光二极管和隔离器最高达到正反向传输隔离度为32.8dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.00369dB。
实施例2
参照图1(a)和(b)，磁表面快波方向可控光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成，介质层5为空气(n0＝1)，其厚度w＝7mm。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，光二极管将从光输入端口1到光输出端口2导通；相反，控制第一磁光材料层3处磁场方向垂直纸面向里，第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，光二极管将从光输入端口2到光输出端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图5，直波导结构的光二极管和隔离器的工作频率范围是5.00GHz～7.36GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，光二极管和隔离器最高达到正反向传输隔离度为31.7dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.00295dB。
实施例3
参照图1(a)和(b)，磁表面快波方向可控光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成，介质层5为玻璃(n0＝1.5)，其厚度w＝5mm。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，光二极管将从光输入端口1到光输出端口2导通；相反，控制第一磁光材料层3处磁场方向垂直纸面向里，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直 纸面向外，光二极管将从光输入端口2到光输出端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图6，直波导结构的光二极管和隔离器的工作频率范围是4.94GHz～7.78GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，光二极管和隔离器最高达到正反向传输隔离度为33.0dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.00217dB。
图4、图5和图6为不同参数的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的传输效率曲线图可以得到磁光材料空隙波导所传输磁表面快波的光频率范围，即方向可控光二极管的工作频率范围。从结果可知，本发明基于磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管是能够有效工作的。
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处，不应当理解为对本发明限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：其包括一个光输入端口、一个光输出端口、两个磁光材料层、一个介质层、四个吸波层和两个偏置磁场；所述光二极管和隔离器由两个磁光材料层和介质层构成；所述光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口或光输出端口，其右端为光输出端口或光输入端口；所述两个磁光材料层间的空隙为介质层；所述磁光材料层与介质层的表面处为磁表面快波；所述两个磁光材料层处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场，且方向可控；所述磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述光二极管由磁光材料层和介质层构成三层结构光波导。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述三层结构波导为TE工作模式波导。
  4. 按照权利要求2或3所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述三层结构为直波导结构。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃、各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石或者稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜材料。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述介质层为工作波透明的材料。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述介质层为真空、空气、玻璃、二氧化硅。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述四个吸波层均分别与所述光波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长；所述四个吸波层的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。
  9. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述吸波层为相同或不同的吸波材料；所述吸波层材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。
  10. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述偏置磁场由电磁铁产生或者由永久磁铁提供，电磁铁的电流为方向可控电流，永久磁铁能旋转。
PCT/CN2017/099817 2016-08-31 2017-08-31 无泄漏磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 WO2018041180A1 (zh)

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