WO2018041176A1 - 磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 - Google Patents

磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 Download PDF

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WO2018041176A1
WO2018041176A1 PCT/CN2017/099813 CN2017099813W WO2018041176A1 WO 2018041176 A1 WO2018041176 A1 WO 2018041176A1 CN 2017099813 W CN2017099813 W CN 2017099813W WO 2018041176 A1 WO2018041176 A1 WO 2018041176A1
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magneto
optical material
optical
photodiode
waveguide
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PCT/CN2017/099813
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English (en)
French (fr)
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欧阳征标
郑耀贤
王琼
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深圳大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/093—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/0955—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a magnetic surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode.
  • Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback.
  • the main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle.
  • the traditional Faraday isolator consists of three polarizers, a Faraday rotator and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is usually used in free-space optical systems.
  • integrated optical devices such as fiber optics or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle and are therefore not suitable for use with pull-up isolators.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode with simple and effective structure, high light transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration.
  • the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode comprises a light input port, a light output port, two magneto-optical material layers, a dielectric layer and two bias magnetic fields; the photodiode and the isolation
  • the device is composed of two magneto-optical material layers and a dielectric layer;
  • the left end of the photodiode and the isolator is an optical input port or a light output port, and the right end thereof is a light output port or a light input port;
  • a gap between the two magneto-optical material layers is a dielectric layer;
  • the surface of the dielectric layer is a magnetic surface fast wave; the two magneto-optical material layers are respectively provided with opposite bias magnetic fields, and the direction is controllable; and the magnetic surface fast wave photodiode is composed of a magneto-optical material void waveguide.
  • the photodiode is composed of a magneto-optical material layer and a dielectric layer to form a three-layer optical waveguide.
  • the three-layer structure waveguide is a TE working mode waveguide.
  • the three-layer structure is a straight waveguide structure.
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass, various rare earth element doped garnet or rare earth-transition metal alloy thin film material.
  • the dielectric layer is a material that is transparent to the working wave.
  • the dielectric layer is a vacuum, air, glass, silica or a working wave transparent plastic.
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or by a permanent magnet.
  • the current of the electromagnet is a directionally controllable current, and the permanent magnet can rotate.
  • the invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has wide application prospects. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
  • the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode.
  • Figure 1 (a): optical input port 1 optical output port 2 first magneto-optical material layer 3 second magneto-optical material layer 4 dielectric layer 5 bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (in) medium Layer thickness w
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the rightward unidirectional conduction operation of the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the left-handed single-conduction operation of the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward and reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast-wave direction controllable photodiode as a function of the lightwave frequency.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the positive and negative transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode as a function of the light wave frequency.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward and reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode as a function of the light wave frequency.
  • the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode of the present invention comprises an optical input port 1, an optical output port 2, a first magneto-optical material layer 3, and a second magneto-optical material layer 4.
  • the waveguide structure comprises a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magneto-optical material layer 4 and a dielectric layer 5 to form a three-layer optical waveguide, which can transmit optical signals unidirectionally, that is, a photodiode, and the three-layer structure is a straight waveguide structure.
  • the waveguide of the present invention is a TE operating mode waveguide.
  • the gap between the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is a dielectric layer 5, and the dielectric layer 5 is a region where light energy is mainly concentrated.
  • the dielectric layer 5 may be a transparent material of a working wave, or may be vacuum. Air, glass, silica or working wave transparent plastic, preferably air or glass.
  • the surface of the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 are magnetic surface fast waves;
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass, various rare earth doped garnet or rare earth-transition metal
  • the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 are respectively provided with oppositely controllable bias magnetic fields at the magneto-optical material layer, that is, the bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) and the bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (in),
  • the applied magnetic field H 0 is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction or by a rotatable permanent magnet, so that the direction of the current can be controlled to change the conduction direction of the photodiode or by rotating the permanent magnet.
  • the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 are in the opposite direction of the bias magnetic field H 0 , and the magneto-optical material layer 3 is adjusted to apply a static magnetic field H 0 perpendicular to the paper surface, and the magneto-optical material layer 4, when the static magnetic field H 0 perpendicular to the paper surface is applied, the port 1 of the photodiode and the isolator is the optical input port, and the port 2 is the optical output port; otherwise, the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the paper surface.
  • the static magnetic field H 0 while the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is applied perpendicular to the static magnetic field H 0 facing outward of the paper, the port 2 of the photodiode and the isolator is the optical input port, and the port 1 is the optical output port.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP).
  • the magneto-optical material Under the action of the bias magnetic field, the magneto-optical material has a magnetic permeability of tensor, and at the same time, its effective refractive index is negative in a certain optical band.
  • the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of generating a guided wave and has a one-way propagation property called a surface acoustic wave (Surface-Polarized Wavelet, SMP).
  • the invention relates to a magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode, which has a three-layer structure of a magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material, and uses a magnetic surface fast wave generated by a magneto-optical material-medium interface to perform light.
  • the unidirectional transmission uses an electromagnet with a controllable current direction to control the conduction direction of the photodiode.
  • the technical scheme of the invention realizes the design of the photodiode and the isolator based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material-medium interface.
  • the basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
  • the magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by an external magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment.
  • the magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light.
  • the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
  • H 0 is the applied magnetic field
  • M s is the saturation magnetization
  • ⁇ is the operating frequency
  • ⁇ is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the biasing magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper facing direction, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be solved according to the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material and Maxwell's equations.
  • the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (which is a TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
  • a magnetic field in the opposite direction is added to the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4, and the direction of the magnetic field of the electromagnet is controlled by the current. , then will constitute an effective direction controllable photodiode.
  • YIG yttrium iron garnet
  • the bias magnetic field size is 900 Oe
  • the magnetic field direction at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and when the magnetic field direction at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface, when the light is input from the port 1, it will be simultaneously at the two magneto-optical materials.
  • the medium interface generates a unidirectional forward-transferred magnetic surface wave, and finally outputs from port 2, that is, the right direction of the steerable photodiode; when the light is input from port 2, due to the non-reciprocity of the magnetic surface wave As a result, the light wave cannot be reversely transmitted inside the device, so that it cannot be output from the port 1, and the light energy is all blocked at the port 2.
  • the conduction direction of the photodiode is determined by the direction of the applied magnetic field. When the direction of the magnetic field added by the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is simultaneously changed, as shown in FIG. 3, the yttrium iron garnet is used.
  • the bias magnetic field size is 900 Oe
  • the operating frequency f of the device is defined by the magneto-optical material and the medium.
  • the YIG material loss coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4 .
  • the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is in the direction of the vertical paper, and the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is outwardly facing the vertical paper, and the conduction directions of the diodes are opposite.
  • port 1 When the light wave is input from port 1, the reverse light wave cannot be propagated inside due to the non-reciprocity of the device, port 2 does not have any light output, and the light energy is all blocked at port 1; when the light wave is input from port 2 A magnetic surface wave can be generated inside the device, and then output from the port 1, that is, the left direction of the direction controllable photodiode.
  • the magneto-optical material void waveguide direction controllable photodiode of the device of the invention has three-layer structure characteristics of magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material, and the whole device is a flat structure, the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material
  • the size of the layer 4 and the thickness w of the dielectric layer 5 can be flexibly selected according to the operating wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
  • yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction, and the size is 900 Oe, and the direction will be determined.
  • the direction of the magnetic field at the electromagnet current control 3 is perpendicular to the paper, and the magnetic field direction of the four places is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the photodiode will be turned on from the port to the port 2; on the contrary, the magnetic field direction of the three places is controlled vertically.
  • the paper faces inward, the magnetic field direction of the four places is perpendicular to the paper, and the photodiode will be turned on from port 2 to port 1. In both cases, the forward and reverse transmission efficiency is the same.
  • the photodiode and isolation of the straight waveguide structure The operating frequency range of the device is 5.02 GHz to 7.36 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the photodiode and the isolator have a maximum positive and negative transmission isolation of 35.3991 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0016 dB.
  • the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled by the electromagnet current, and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the photodiode will be from port 1 to port.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the photodiode and the isolator of the straight waveguide structure is 5.00 GHz to 7.36 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the photodiode and the isolator have a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 35.5104 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0014 dB.
  • the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled by the electromagnet current, and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the photodiode will be from port 1 to port.
  • the magnetic field direction of the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled to be perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the magnetic field direction of the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the photodiode will be turned on from the port 2 to the port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the photodiode and the isolator of the straight waveguide structure is 4.94 GHz to 7.78 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the photodiode and the isolator have a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 39.9206 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0007 dB.
  • the transmission efficiency curve of the magneto-optical material gap waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode with different parameters of FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 can obtain the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave transmitted by the magneto-optical material void waveguide, that is, The operating frequency range of the direction controllable photodiode. It can be seen from the results that the magneto-optical material void waveguide magnetic surface fast wave direction controllable photodiode of the present invention It is able to work effectively.

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Abstract

一种磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，它包括一个光输入端口（1、2）、一个光输出端口（1、2）、两个磁光材料层（3、4）、一个介质层（5）和两个偏置磁场（H 0（里）、H 0（外））；光二极管和隔离器由两个磁光材料层（3、4）和介质层（5）构成；光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口（1）或光输出端口（1），其右端为光输出端口（2）或光输入端口（2）；两个磁光材料层（3、4）间的空隙为介质层（5）；磁光材料层（3、4）与介质层（5）的表面处为磁表面快波；两个磁光材料层（3、4）处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场（H 0（里）、H 0（外）），且方向可控；磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成；二极管结构简单、光传输效率高，体积小，便于集成。适合于大规模光路集成，具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁光材料、磁表面波和光二极管，具体涉及一种磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管。
背景技术
光二极管和隔离器是一种只允许光往一个方向传播的光学器件，应用于阻止不必要的光反馈。传统的光二极管和隔离器的主元件是法拉第旋光器，应用了法拉第效应(磁光效应)作为其工作原理。传统的法拉第隔离器由三起偏器，法拉第旋光器和检偏器组成，这种器件结构复杂，通常被应用在自由空间的光系统中。对于集成光路，光纤或波导等集成光器件都是非偏振维持系统，会导致偏振角的损耗，因而不适用法拉第隔离器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种结构简单有效、光传输效率高、体积小，便于集成的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现：
本发明磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管包括一个光输入端口、一个光输出端口、两个磁光材料层、一个介质层和两个偏置磁场；所述光二极管和隔离器由两个磁光材料层和介质层构成； 所述光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口或光输出端口，其右端为光输出端口或光输入端口；所述两个磁光材料层间的空隙为介质层；所述磁光材料层与介质层的表面处为磁表面快波；所述两个磁光材料层处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场，且方向可控；所述磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成。
所述光二极管由磁光材料层和介质层构成三层结构光波导。
所述三层结构波导为TE工作模式波导。
所述三层结构为直波导结构。
所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃、各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石或者稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜材料。
所述介质层为工作波透明的材料。
所述介质层为真空、空气、玻璃、二氧化硅或工作波透明的塑料。
所述偏置磁场由电磁铁产生或者由永久磁铁提供，电磁铁的电流为方向可控电流，永久磁铁能旋转。
本发明适合应用于大规模光路集成，具有广泛的应用前景。它与现有技术相比，具有如下积极效果。
1.结构简单、便于实现。
2.光传输效率高。
3.体积小，便于集成。
附图说明
图1为磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的结构图。
图1(a)：光输入端口1 光输出端口2  第一磁光材料层3  第二磁光材料层4  介质层5  偏置磁场⊙H0(外)  偏置磁场⊕H0(里)介质层厚度w
图1(b)：光输出端口1  光输入端口2  第一磁光材料层3  第二磁光材料层4  介质层5  偏置磁场⊕H0(里)  偏置磁场⊙H0(外)介质层厚度w
图2为磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的向右单向导通工作原理图。
图3为磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的向左单向导通工作原理图。
图4为磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第一种实施例曲线图。
图5为磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第二种实施例曲线图。
图6为磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第三种实施例曲线图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管包括一个光输入端口1、一个光输出端口2、第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4、一个介质层5和两个偏置静磁场；光二极管和隔离器由第一磁光材料层3、第一磁光材料层4和介质层5构成；磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成；由第一磁光材料层3、第 二磁光材料层4和介质层5构成三层结构光波导，可单向传输光信号，即为光二极管，三层结构为直波导结构，本发明波导为TE工作模式波导。第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4间的空隙为介质层5，介质层5是光能量主要集中的区域，介质层5可以采用工作波透明的材料，也可以采用真空、空气、玻璃、二氧化硅或工作波透明的塑料，最好采用空气或者玻璃。第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4与介质层5的表面处为磁表面快波；磁光材料为磁光玻璃、各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石或者稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜材料；第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4磁光材料层处分别设置方向相反可控的偏置磁场,即偏置磁场⊙H0(外)和偏置磁场⊕H0(里)，外加磁场H0由电流方向可控的电磁铁产生或者由能旋转的永久磁铁提供，所以可以控制电流方向来改变光二极管的导通方向，或者通过旋转永久磁体来改变。第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4处于相反方向的偏置磁场H0作用下，调节磁光材料层3外加垂直于纸面向外的静磁场H0，而磁光材料层4外加垂直于纸面向里的静磁场H0时，光二极管和隔离器的端口1为光输入端口，端口2为光输出端口；反之，调节第一磁光材料层3外加垂直于纸面向里的静磁场H0，而第二磁光材料层4外加垂直于纸面向外的静磁场H0时，光二极管和隔离器的端口2为光输入端口，端口1为光输出端口。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波是一种类似于金属表面等离子激元(SPP)的现象。磁光材料在偏置磁场的作用下，磁导率为张量形式，同时，在一定的光波段范围内，其有效折射率为负值。因 而，磁光材料的表面能够产生一种导波，且具有单向传播的性能，称为磁表面波(表面磁极化子波，SMP)。
本发明一种磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，具有磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构，利用磁光材料-介质界面产生的磁表面快波来进行光的单向传输，利用电流方向可控的电磁铁来控制光二极管的导通方向。
本发明技术方案是基于磁光材料所具有的光非互易性和磁光材料-介质界面所具有独特的可传导表面波特性，实现光二极管和隔离器的设计。该技术方案的基本原理如下：
磁光材料是一种具有磁各向异性的材料，由外加磁场导致磁光材料内部的磁偶极子按同一方向排列，进而产生磁偶极矩。磁偶极矩将和光信号发生强烈的相互作用，进而产生光的非互易性传输。在方向为垂直纸面向外的偏置磁场H0的作用下，磁光材料的磁导率张量为：
Figure PCTCN2017099813-appb-000001
磁导率张量的矩阵元由以下方程组给出：
Figure PCTCN2017099813-appb-000002
其中，μ0为真空中的磁导率，γ为旋磁比，H0为外加磁场，Ms为饱和磁化强度，ω为工作频率，α为损耗系数。若改变偏置磁场的方向为垂直纸面向里，则H0和Ms将改变符号。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波则可以根据磁光材料的磁导率张量和麦克斯韦方程组求解得出。满足表面波(为TE波)在界面存在的电场和磁场应当有如下的形式：
Figure PCTCN2017099813-appb-000003
其中i＝1代表磁光材料区域，i＝2代表介质区域。代入麦克斯韦方程组：
Figure PCTCN2017099813-appb-000004
再根据本构关系式和边界条件，可得出关于磁表面波的波矢kz的超越方程：
Figure PCTCN2017099813-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017099813-appb-000006
为磁光材料的有效磁导率。此超越方程可以由数值解法求解，最终得到kz的值。也可从方程看出，由于方程包含μκkz的项，所以，磁表面波具有非互易性(单向传播)。而从方程的解可以得出，当改变磁场为反向时，光二极管的导通方向也变为相反方向。
可见，若采用磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构，并在第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4处加入相反方向的磁场，而且由电流控制电磁铁磁场方向，那么将构成有效的方向可控光二极管。如图2所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，介质层5为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，介质层5的厚度w＝5mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2 所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4。第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，而第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里时，当光从端口1输入时，将同时在两个磁光材料-介质界面产生单向正向传输的磁表面波，最后从端口2输出，即方向可控光二极管的向右单向导通；当光从端口2输入时，由于磁表面波的非互易性导致光波不能够在器件里面反向传输，从而无法从端口1输出，光能量已全部在端口2处被阻挡。光二极管的导通方向由外加磁场的方向所决定，当同时改变第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4所加入的磁场方向时，如图3所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，介质层为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，介质层5的厚度w＝5mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4。第一磁光材料层3处的磁场为垂直纸面向里，而第二磁光材料层4处的磁场为垂直纸面向外，二极管的导通方向是相反的。当光波从端口1输入时，由于器件的非互易性导致其内部无法传播反向的光波，端口2没有任何光输出，光能量已全部在端口1处被阻挡；当光波从端口2输入时，能够在器件内部产生磁表面波，继而从端口1输出，即方向可控光二极管的向左单向导通。
本发明器件的磁光材料空隙波导方向可控光二极管具有磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构特征，整个器件为平直结构，第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4的尺寸和介质层5的厚度w可灵活地根据工作波长和实际需求选择。改变尺寸对器件性能没有大的影响。下 面结合附图给出三个实施例，在实施例中采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，偏置磁场由电流方向可控的电磁铁产生，大小为900Oe，方向将决定二极管的导通方向，介质层5的厚度w，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定。
实施例1
参照图1(a)、(b)，由磁光材料空隙波导构成磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，介质层5为空气(n0＝1)，其厚度w＝5mm。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，光二极管将从端口”到端口2导通；相反，控制3处磁场方向垂直纸面向里，4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，光二极管将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图4，直波导结构的光二极管和隔离器的工作频率范围是5.02GHz～7.36GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，光二极管和隔离器最高达到正反向传输隔离度为35.3991dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0016dB。
实施例2
参照图1(a)、(b)，由磁光材料空隙波导构成磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，介质层5为空气(n0＝1)，其厚度w＝7mm。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，光二极管将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直 纸面向里，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，光二极管将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图5，直波导结构的光二极管和隔离器的工作频率范围是5.00GHz～7.36GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，光二极管和隔离器最高达到正反向传输隔离度为35.5104dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0014dB。
实施例3
参照图1(a)、(b)，由磁光材料空隙波导构成磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，介质层5为玻璃(n0＝1.5)，其厚度w＝5mm。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制第一磁光材料层3处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，光二极管将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制第一磁光材料层3处磁场方向垂直纸面向里，第二磁光材料层4处的磁场方向垂直纸面向外，光二极管将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图6，直波导结构的光二极管和隔离器的工作频率范围是4.94GHz～7.78GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，光二极管和隔离器最高达到正反向传输隔离度为39.9206dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0007dB。
由图4、图5和图6不同参数的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管的传输效率曲线图可以得到磁光材料空隙波导所传输磁表面快波的光频率范围，即方向可控光二极管的工作频率范围。从结果可知，本发明磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 是能够有效工作的。
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处，不应当理解为对本发明限制。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：其包括一个光输入端口、一个光输出端口、两个磁光材料层、一个介质层和两个偏置磁场；所述光二极管和隔离器由两个磁光材料层和介质层构成；所述光二极管和隔离器的左端为光输入端口或光输出端口，其右端为光输出端口或光输入端口；所述两个磁光材料层间的空隙为介质层；所述磁光材料层与介质层的表面处为磁表面快波；所述两个磁光材料层处分别设置方向相反的偏置磁场,且方向可控；所述磁表面快波光二极管由磁光材料空隙波导构成。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述光二极管由磁光材料层和介质层构成三层结构光波导。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述三层结构波导为TE工作模式波导。
  4. 按照权利要求2或3所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述三层结构为直波导结构。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃、各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石或者稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜材料。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述介质层为工作波透明的材料。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述介质层为真空、空气、二氧化硅或工作 波透明的塑料。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管，其特征在于：所述偏置磁场由电磁铁产生或者由永久磁铁提供，电磁铁的电流为方向可控电流，永久磁铁能旋转。
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CN101788720A (zh) * 2010-03-03 2010-07-28 成都优博创技术有限公司 一种光隔离方法和装置
CN103984126A (zh) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-13 电子科技大学 一种平面磁光隔离器
CN106200023A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-07 欧阳征标 磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波方向可控光二极管
CN106226924A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-14 欧阳征标 磁光材料空隙波导磁表面快波光二极管

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