WO2018041177A1 - 低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导 - Google Patents

低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导 Download PDF

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WO2018041177A1
WO2018041177A1 PCT/CN2017/099814 CN2017099814W WO2018041177A1 WO 2018041177 A1 WO2018041177 A1 WO 2018041177A1 CN 2017099814 W CN2017099814 W CN 2017099814W WO 2018041177 A1 WO2018041177 A1 WO 2018041177A1
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magneto
optical
waveguide
thin film
loss
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PCT/CN2017/099814
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English (en)
French (fr)
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欧阳征标
郑耀贤
艾月霞
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深圳大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12035—Materials
    • G02B2006/12038—Glass (SiO2 based materials)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12035—Materials
    • G02B2006/1208—Rare earths

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a magnetic surface wave, a unidirectional transmission and a curved waveguide. More particularly, the present invention relates to a low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional cornering waveguide in any direction.
  • a curved waveguide is an optical device used as a conversion optical path, which occupies an important position in an optical waveguide device. Bending in the optical waveguide is necessary due to the change in the direction of beam propagation in the optical waveguide, the displacement of the beam transmission axis, and the need to reduce the volume of the device. The bending of the waveguide causes a change in the optical characteristic distribution of the waveguide material in the direction of light transmission, so that the curved waveguide has a high loss.
  • the field of turning waveguides has been extensively studied, and the curved turning type curved waveguide is the main content of this research. But even for this type of waveguide, the bending loss and transition loss that are present still severely restrict the transmission efficiency. In addition, structural defects and the like can also cause other losses to the waveguide.
  • Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback.
  • the main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle.
  • Conventional Faraday isolators consist of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is commonly used in free-space optical systems.
  • integrated optical devices such as optical fibers or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle, thus Illegal Faraday isolator.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable direction in a single direction, which is simple and effective in structure, low in loss, high in light transmission efficiency, small in size, and easy to integrate. Turn the waveguide.
  • the low-loss magneto-optical film of the present invention has a magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional turning waveguide in any direction, including an optical input port 1, a light output port 2, a magneto-optical film 3, a background medium, and a bias magnetic field; Port 1 to the cornering waveguide is an optical input end, and port 2 is a light output end; the magneto-optical film 3 is disposed in the background medium 4; the magneto-optical film 3 is made of a magneto-optical material; The background medium 4 is curved at an arbitrary angle; the magneto-optical film 3 is provided with a directionally controllable bias magnetic field; the curved portion of the magneto-optical film 3 is in the shape of a ring; the magneto-optical material and the background medium 4
  • the surface is a magnetic surface fast wave.
  • the interface between the magneto-optical material and the background medium 4 constitutes an optical waveguide.
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 are connected to the light input end and the light output end by an arbitrary angle curved shape.
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 structure waveguide are straight waveguides.
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films.
  • the background medium 4 is a common dielectric material or air.
  • the arbitrary angle curved shape is a 30 degree turn shape, a 45 degree turn shape, and a 60 degree turn Curved shape, 90 degree turn shape, 120 degree turn shape, 135 degree turn shape, 150 degree turn shape, 180 degree turn shape.
  • the biasing magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or a rotatable permanent magnet that is controllable in the direction of current flow.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical material thin film waveguide.
  • the working mode of the one-way cornering waveguide is TE mode.
  • the invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has wide application prospects. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
  • the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • Magnetic surface waves have immune characteristics to structural defects, have ultra-low loss and ultra-high transmission efficiency, and are widely used in the design of various optical waveguides.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a controllable unidirectional turning waveguide in any direction of a low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode.
  • FIG. 2 is a first working principle diagram of a single-way conduction of a controllable one-way turning waveguide in any direction of a low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode.
  • Fig. 3 is a second working principle diagram of the single-way conduction of the controllable one-way turning waveguide in any direction of the low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the low-loss magneto-optical film unidirectional turning waveguide as a function of the optical frequency.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the low-loss magneto-optical film unidirectional turning waveguide as a function of the optical frequency.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the low-loss magneto-optical film unidirectional turning waveguide as a function of the light wave frequency.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the low-loss magneto-optical film unidirectional cornering waveguide as a function of the lightwave frequency.
  • the low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional turning waveguide of the present invention comprises an optical input end 1, a light output end 2, a magneto-optical film 3, a background medium 4 and a direction.
  • the controllable bias magnetic field H 0 the working mode of the unidirectional turning waveguide is TE mode
  • the unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of the magneto-optical material thin film waveguide
  • the unidirectional turning waveguide port 1 is the optical input end
  • the port 2 is the optical output end.
  • the interface between the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 is a region where the light energy is mainly concentrated, the magneto-optical film 3 is disposed in the background medium 4, and the magneto-optical film 3 is a magneto-optical material, that is, a magneto-optical material film;
  • the magneto-optical material is magnetic Light glass or various rare earth element doped garnet and rare earth-transition metal alloy film;
  • the curved part of the magneto-optical film 3 is in the shape of a ring, the radius of the inner arc of the ring is r, and the radius of the outer arc is r +w.
  • the length of the curved portion depends on the angle of the bend.
  • the magneto-optical material film 3 and the background medium 4 are curved at any angle, and the shape bent at any angle is a circular arc shape (arc-shaped turning type curved waveguide), and the turning angle may be any angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, one direction
  • the bending angle of the curved waveguide can also be an angle between 0 and 180 degrees; the invention can adopt any turning angle of 10 degrees, 50 degrees and 170 degrees, and can also adopt a waveguide turning angle including: 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees. Degree, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees and 180 degrees.
  • Figure 1 (a) one-way turning angle is 30 degrees
  • Figure 1 (b) one-way turning angle is 45 degrees
  • Figure 1 (c) one-way turning angle is 60 degrees
  • Figure 1 (d) (i) single The turning angle is 90 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (e) is 120 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (f) is 135 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (g) is 150 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle is 180 degrees.
  • the turning angle is 45 degrees, it is one-eighth of a ring
  • when the turning angle is 90 degrees it is a quarter ring
  • when the turning angle is 180 degrees, it is a half ring, etc. Etc., and so on.
  • both of the structures of FIGS. 1(d) and (i) are mirror-symmetrical and have the same operational characteristics.
  • the surface of the magneto-optical material and the background medium is a magnetic surface fast wave, and the magneto-optical material film and the background medium structure are flat waveguide structures; the interface between the magneto-optical material and the background medium 4 constitutes an optical waveguide, and the optical waveguide transmits optical signals unidirectionally.
  • the magneto-optical material film 3 and the background medium 4 are connected to the optical input port 1 and the light output port 2 by any angle bending;
  • the background medium 4 is made of ordinary dielectric material or air, and the magneto-optical material film is 3
  • a biasing magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) with a direction controllable is provided.
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or by a rotatable permanent magnet.
  • the current of the electromagnet is a direction controllable current, and the permanent magnet can rotate.
  • the port 1 of the unidirectional turning waveguide is an input terminal, and the port 2 is an optical output terminal, that is, it is turned on from the port 1 to the port 2.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP).
  • SPP metal surface plasmon
  • the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of producing a guided wave and has a property of unidirectional propagation, which is called a surface acoustic wave (Surface Magnetically Polarized Wave, SMP).
  • the unidirectional bending transmission of light uses an electromagnet with a controllable current direction to control the conduction direction of the waveguide, and the turning angle can be arbitrarily set.
  • the technical scheme of the invention is based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material-medium interface to realize the design of the direction controllable curved waveguide.
  • the basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
  • the magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by the application of a static magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment.
  • the magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light.
  • the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
  • H 0 is the applied magnetic field
  • M s is the saturation magnetization
  • ⁇ is the operating frequency
  • ⁇ is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the biasing magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper facing direction, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be solved according to the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material and Maxwell's equations.
  • the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (which is a TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
  • yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material
  • the bias magnetic field is 900 Oe
  • the direction is vertical paper facing outward
  • yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the background medium 4
  • the bias magnetic field is 900 Oe
  • the direction of the bias magnetic field is the vertical paper face
  • the turning angle is 90 degrees.
  • the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper, and the conduction direction of the curved waveguide is opposite.
  • a magnetic surface wave can be generated inside the device, and then output from port 1, that is, the unidirectional turning waveguide is unidirectionally connected from port 2 to port 1; when light is input from port 1, due to the non-device Reciprocity results in the inability to propagate reverse light waves inside, port 2 does not have any light output, and light energy is all blocked at port 1.
  • the low-loss magneto-optical film of the device of the invention has a magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional turning waveguide in any direction.
  • the magneto-optical material is arranged in a common dielectric material, and its structural size and parameters, such as the inner arc radius r of the ring and the magneto-optical
  • the thickness w of the film 3 can be flexibly selected according to the operating wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
  • YIG yttrium iron garnet
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or a rotatable permanent magnet with a current direction controllable size.
  • the direction will determine the conduction direction of the cornering waveguide
  • the YIG material loss factor ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4
  • the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and the magnetic permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 45 degrees.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 4.98 GHz to 7.40 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 20.8566 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0644 dB.
  • the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is formed by a magneto-optical film waveguide having a turning angle of 90 degrees.
  • the magneto-optical material is controlled by the electromagnet current
  • the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the magnetic field is controlled to be perpendicular to the paper, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 2 to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 4.76 GHz to 7.40 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 21.4388 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0174 dB.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 135 degrees.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 4.90 GHz to 7.44 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 27.7752 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0663 dB.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 180 degrees.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 4.94 GHz to 7.44 GHz. Consider material loss in the operating frequency range, The direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 19.7184 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0231 dB.
  • the transmission efficiency curve of the magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide with different turning angles in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 can obtain the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave transmitted by the magneto-optical film turning waveguide. That is, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional turning waveguide. It can be seen from the results that the controllable unidirectional turning waveguide of the low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast wave mode of the present invention can work effectively.

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Abstract

一种低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其包括一个光输入端口（1）、一个光输出端口（2）、一个磁光薄膜（3）、背景介质（4）和一个方向可控的偏置磁场；单向拐弯波导的端口（1）为光输入端、另一端口（2）为光输出端；磁光薄膜（3）设置于背景介质（4）中；磁光薄膜（3）采用磁光材料；磁光薄膜（3）和背景介质（4）为任意角度弯曲形；磁光薄膜（3）处设置有偏置磁场；磁光薄膜（3）弯曲部分为圆环形状；磁光材料与所述背景介质（4）的表面处为磁表面快波。结构简单，体积小，便于集成，低损耗，传输效率高，适合于大规模光路集成，被广泛应用到各种光波导的设计中。

Description

低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导 技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁光材料、磁表面波、单向传输和拐弯波导，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导。
背景技术
拐弯波导是一种作为变换光路用的光器件，其在光波导器件中占据重要的地位。由于光波导中光束传播方向的改变、光束传输轴位移和降低器件体积的需要，光波导中的弯曲是必需的。波导弯曲会引起波导材料在光的传输方向上光学特性分布的变化，使得拐弯波导具备较高的损耗。拐弯波导领域已有广泛的研究，其中弧形转向型拐弯波导是目前此方面研究的主要内容。但即使是这种类型的波导，其所存在的弯曲损耗和过渡损耗仍然严重制约了传输效率。此外结构缺陷等也会给波导带来其他方面的损耗。
光二极管和隔离器是一种只允许光往一个方向传播的光学器件，应用于阻止不必要的光反馈。传统的光二极管和隔离器的主元件是法拉第旋光器，应用了法拉第效应(磁光效应)作为其工作原理。传统的法拉第隔离器由起偏器、法拉第旋光器和检偏器组成，这种器件结构复杂，通常被应用在自由空间的光系统中。对于集成光路，光纤或波导等集成光器件都是非偏振维持系统，会导致偏振角的损耗，因而 不适用法拉第隔离器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种结构简单有效，低损耗，光传输效率高，体积小，便于集成的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现。
本发明低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导包括一个光输入端口1、一个光输出端口2、一个磁光薄膜3、背景介质)和一个偏置磁场；所述单向拐弯波导的端口1为光输入端、其端口2为光输出端；所述磁光薄膜3设置于背景介质4中；所述磁光薄膜3采用磁光材料；所述磁光薄膜3和背景介质4为任意角度弯曲形；所述磁光薄膜3处设置有方向可控的偏置磁场；所述磁光薄膜3弯曲部分为圆环形状；所述磁光材料与所述背景介质4的表面处为磁表面快波。
所述磁光材料与所述背景介质4的分界面构成光波导。
所述磁光薄膜3和所述背景介质4通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端和光输出端连接。
所述磁光薄膜3和所述背景介质4结构波导为平直波导。
所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。
所述背景介质4为普通介质材料或者空气。
所述任意角度弯曲形为30度拐弯形状、45度拐弯形状、60度拐 弯形状、90度拐弯形状、120度拐弯形状、135度拐弯形状、150度拐弯形状、180度拐弯形状。
所述偏置磁场由电流方向可控的电磁铁或能旋转的永久磁铁产生。
所述方向可控拐弯波导单向拐弯波导由磁光材料薄膜波导构成。
所述单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式。
本发明适合应用于大规模光路集成，具有广泛的应用前景。它与现有技术相比，具有如下积极效果。
1.结构简单，便于实现。
2.体积小，便于集成。
3.磁表面波具备对结构缺陷的免疫特性，具有超低损耗、超高传输效率，被广泛应用到各种光波导的设计中。
附图说明
图1为低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导的结构图。
图中：光输入端1 光输出端2 磁光薄膜3 背景介质4 偏置磁场⊙H0(外) 磁光薄膜厚度w 圆环的内圆弧半径r 圆环的外圆弧半径r+w
图2为低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导单向导通的第一种工作原理图。
图3为低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导单向导通的第二种工作原理图。
图4为低损磁光薄膜单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第一种实施例曲线图。
图5为低损磁光薄膜单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第二种实施例曲线图。
图6为低损磁光薄膜单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第三种实施例曲线图。
图7为低损磁光薄膜单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第三种实施例曲线图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导包括一个光输入端1、一个光输出端2、一个磁光薄膜3、背景介质4和一个方向可控的偏置磁场H0，单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式，单向拐弯波导由磁光材料薄膜波导构成，单向拐弯波导端口1为光输入端、其端口2为光输出端；磁光薄膜3与背景介质4交界面为光能量主要集中的区域，磁光薄膜3设置于背景介质4中，磁光薄膜3采用磁光材料，即磁光材料薄膜；磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料；磁光薄膜3弯曲部分为圆环形状，圆环的内圆弧半径为r，其外圆弧半径则为r+w。弯曲部分的长短取决于拐弯角度。磁光材料薄膜3和背景介质4为任意角度弯曲形，任意角度弯曲的形状为圆弧形(弧形转向型拐弯波导)，拐弯角度可以为0度至180度之间的任意角，单向拐弯波导的弯曲角度也可以采用0度至180度之间的角度；本发明 可以采用任意拐弯角度为10度、50度和170度，也可以采用波导拐弯角度包括：30度、45度、60度、90度、120度、135度、150度和180度。其中图1(a)单向拐弯角度为30度、图1(b)单向拐弯角度为45度、图1(c)单向拐弯角度为60度、图1(d)、(i)单向拐弯角度为90度、图1(e)单向拐弯角度为120度、图1(f)单向拐弯角度为135度、图1(g)单向拐弯角度为150度、图1(h)单向拐弯角度为180度。例如，当拐弯角度为45度时，为八分之一个圆环；当拐弯角度为90度时，为四分之一个圆环；当拐弯角度为180度时，为半个圆环等等，以此类推。由于本发明器件结构满足对称守恒，也就是其对应的镜像结构也同样可以有效工作，因而图1(d)和(i)两者结构镜像对称，具备同样的工作特性。磁光材料与背景介质的表面处为磁表面快波，磁光材料薄膜和背景介质结构为平直波导结构；磁光材料与背景介质4的分界面构成光波导，光波导单向传输光信号，用作光二极管或隔离器；磁光材料薄膜3和背景介质4通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端口1和光输出端口2连接；背景介质4采用普通介质材料或者空气，磁光材料薄膜3处设置有方向可控的偏置磁场⊙H0(外)，偏置磁场由电磁铁产生或由能旋转的永久磁铁提供，电磁铁的电流为方向可控电流，永久磁铁能旋转。单向拐弯波导的端口1为输入端，其端口2为光输出端，即从端口1到端口2方向导通。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波是一种类似于金属表面等离子激元(SPP)的现象。磁光材料在偏置静磁场的作用下，磁导率 为张量形式，同时，在一定的光波段范围内，其有效折射率为负值。因而，磁光材料的表面能够产生一种导波，且具有单向传播的性能，称为磁表面波(表面磁极化子波，SMP)。
本发明低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，将磁光材料薄膜置于背景介质(空气)中构成，使得磁光材料-介质界面产生的磁表面快波来进行光的单向弯曲传输，利用电流方向可控的电磁铁来控制波导的导通方向，拐弯角度能做到任意值。
本发明技术方案是基于磁光材料所具有的光非互易性和磁光材料-介质界面所具有独特的可传导表面波特性，实现方向可控拐弯波导的设计。该技术方案的基本原理如下：
磁光材料是一种具有磁各向异性的材料，由外加静磁场导致磁光材料内部的磁偶极子按同一方向排列，进而产生磁偶极矩。磁偶极矩将和光信号发生强烈的相互作用，进而产生光的非互易性传输。在方向为垂直纸面向外的偏置磁场H0的作用下，磁光材料的磁导率张量为：
Figure PCTCN2017099814-appb-000001
磁导率张量的矩阵元由以下方程组给出：
Figure PCTCN2017099814-appb-000002
其中，μ0为真空中的磁导率，γ为旋磁比，H0为外加磁场，Ms为饱和 磁化强度，ω为工作频率，α为损耗系数。若改变偏置磁场的方向为垂直纸面向里，则H0和Ms将改变符号。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波则可以根据磁光材料的磁导率张量和麦克斯韦方程组求解得出。满足表面波(为TE波)在界面存在的电场和磁场应当有如下的形式：
Figure PCTCN2017099814-appb-000003
其中i＝1代表磁光材料区域，i＝2代表介质区域。代入麦克斯韦方程组：
Figure PCTCN2017099814-appb-000004
再根据本构关系式和边界条件，可得出关于磁表面波的波矢kz的超越方程：
Figure PCTCN2017099814-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017099814-appb-000006
为磁光材料的有效磁导率。此超越方程可以由数值解法求解，最终得到kz的值。也可从方程看出，由于方程包含μκkz的项，所以，磁表面波具有非互易性(单向传播)。
可见，在磁光材料薄膜处加入偏置静磁场，并使用普通介质材料或空气作为背景材料，那么将构成有效的方向可控拐弯波导。并且由于磁表面波(SMP)的特性，拐弯波导在理论上由弯曲结构所产生的损耗非常低。如图2所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性 材料，背景介质4为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，方向为垂直纸面向外，磁光薄膜3的厚度w＝25mm，圆环的内圆弧半径r＝30mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，拐弯角度为90度。当外加磁场方向垂直纸面向外时，光从端口1输入时，在磁光材料-介质界面产生单向正向传输的磁表面波，最后从端口2输出，即单向拐弯波导从端口1到端口2单向导通；当光从端口2输入时，由于磁表面波的非互易性导致光波不能够在器件里面反向传输，从而无法从端口1输出，光能量已全部在端口2处被阻挡。同时可以看到，光波能很好地被局限在磁光薄膜拐弯波导中，损耗值非常低。拐弯波导的导通方向由外加磁场的方向所决定，当改变磁光材料所加的磁场方向时，如图3所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，背景介质4为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，偏置磁场方向为垂直纸面向里，磁光薄膜3的厚度w＝25mm，圆环的内圆弧半径r＝30mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，拐弯角度为90度。磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导的导通方向是相反的。当光从端口2输入时，能够在器件内部产生磁表面波，继而从端口1输出，即单向拐弯波导从端口2到端口1单向导通；当光从端口1输入时，由于器件的非互易性导致其内部无法传播反向的光波，端口2没有任何光输出，光能量已全部在端口1处被阻挡。
本发明器件的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导采用磁光材料设置于普通介质材料中，其结构尺寸和参数，例如圆环的内圆弧半径r和磁光薄膜3的厚度w可灵活地根据工作波长和实际需求进行选择。改变尺寸对器件性能没有大的影响。下面结合附图给出四个实施例，在实施例中采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，偏置磁场由电流方向可控的电磁铁或能旋转的永久磁铁产生，大小为900Oe，方向将决定拐弯波导的导通方向，背景介质4为空气(n0＝1)，磁光薄膜3的厚度w＝5mm，圆环的内圆弧半径r＝30mm，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定。
实施例1
参照图1(b)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为45度。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图4，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是4.98GHz～7.40GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为20.8566dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0644dB。
实施例2
参照图1(d)和(i)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为90度。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所 加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图5，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是4.76GHz～7.40GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为21.4388dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0174dB。
实施例3
参照图(f)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为135度。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图6，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是4.90GHz～7.44GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为27.7728dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0663dB。
实施例4
参照图1(h)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为180度。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图7，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是4.94GHz～7.44GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗， 方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为19.7184dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0231dB。
由图4、图5、图6和图7不同拐弯角度的磁光薄膜磁表面快模单向拐弯波导的传输效率曲线图可以得到磁光薄膜拐弯波导所传输磁表面快波的光频率范围，即单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围。从结果可知，本发明低损磁光薄膜磁表面快波模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导是能够有效工作的。
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处，不应当理解为对本发明限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其包括一个光输入端口(1)、一个光输出端口(2)、一个磁光薄膜(3)、背景介质(4)和一个偏置磁场；所述单向拐弯波导的端口(1)为光输入端、其端口(2)为光输出端；所述磁光薄膜(3)设置于背景介质(4)中；所述磁光薄膜(3)采用磁光材料；所述磁光薄膜(3)和背景介质(4)为任意角度弯曲形；所述磁光薄膜(3)处设置有方向可控的偏置磁场；所述磁光薄膜(3)弯曲部分为圆环形状；所述磁光材料与所述背景介质(4)的表面处为磁表面快波。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光材料与所述背景介质(4)的分界面构成光波导。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光薄膜(3)和所述背景介质(4)通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端和光输出端连接。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光薄膜(3)和所述背景介质(4)结构波导为平直波导。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述背景介质(4)为普通介质材料 或者空气。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述任意角度弯曲形为30度拐弯形状、45度拐弯形状、60度拐弯形状、90度拐弯形状、120度拐弯形状、135度拐弯形状、150度拐弯形状或180度拐弯形状。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于：所述偏置磁场由电流方向可控的电磁铁或能旋转的永久磁铁产生。
  9. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述方向可控拐弯波导单向拐弯波导由磁光材料薄膜波导构成。
  10. 按照权利要求1所述的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式。
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