WO2018041173A1 - 无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导 - Google Patents

无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导 Download PDF

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WO2018041173A1
WO2018041173A1 PCT/CN2017/099810 CN2017099810W WO2018041173A1 WO 2018041173 A1 WO2018041173 A1 WO 2018041173A1 CN 2017099810 W CN2017099810 W CN 2017099810W WO 2018041173 A1 WO2018041173 A1 WO 2018041173A1
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magneto
optical
waveguide
thin film
magnetic surface
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郑耀贤
欧阳征标
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections

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  • the invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary bending waveguide.
  • a curved waveguide is an optical device used as a conversion optical path, which occupies an important position in an optical waveguide device. Bending in the optical waveguide is necessary due to the change in the direction of beam propagation in the optical waveguide, the displacement of the beam transmission axis, and the need to reduce the volume of the device. The bending of the waveguide causes a change in the optical characteristic distribution of the waveguide material in the direction of light transmission, so that the curved waveguide has a high loss.
  • the field of turning waveguides has been extensively studied, and the curved turning type curved waveguide is the main content of this research. But even for this type of waveguide, the bending loss and transition loss that are present still severely restrict the transmission efficiency. In addition, structural defects and the like can also cause other losses to the waveguide.
  • Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback.
  • the main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle.
  • Conventional Faraday isolators consist of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is commonly used in free-space optical systems.
  • integrated optical devices such as fiber optics or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle and are therefore not suitable for use with pull-up isolators.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable single-single structure with simple and effective structure, low loss, high optical transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration. Fly to any bend.
  • the leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide comprises a light input end 1, a light output end 2, a magneto-optical film 3, a background medium 4, and two absorbing layers 5, 6 and a bias magnetic field;
  • the port 1 of the unidirectional turning waveguide is an optical input end, and the port 2 is a light output end;
  • the magneto-optical film 3 is disposed in a background medium; and the magneto-optical film 3 is magnetized
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 are curved at an arbitrary angle; the magneto-optical film 3 is provided with a bias magnetic field, and the direction is controllable;
  • the curved portion of the magneto-optical film 3 is a ring shape;
  • the magneto-optical material and the surface of the background medium 4 are magnetic surface fast waves.
  • the interface between the magneto-optical material and the background medium 4 constitutes an optical waveguide.
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 are connected to the light input end and the light output end by an arbitrary angle curved shape.
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 structure waveguide are straight waveguides.
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films.
  • the background medium 4 is a common dielectric material or air.
  • the arbitrary angle curved shape is a 30 degree turn shape, a 45 degree turn shape, a 60 degree turn shape, a 90 degree turn shape, a 120 degree turn shape, a 135 degree turn shape, 150 degrees. Turn shape, 180 degree turn shape.
  • the absorbing layers 5, 6 are the same or different absorbing materials; the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy Resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
  • the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy Resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
  • the absorbing layers 5, 6 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the flat waveguide; the thickness of the absorbing layers 5, 6 are each not less than 1/4 wavelength.
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by a current direction controllable electromagnet or a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet can rotate;
  • the direction controllable corner waveguide unidirectional corner waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical material thin film waveguide; the working mode of the one-way curved waveguide For the TE mode.
  • the invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has wide application prospects. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
  • the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • Magnetic surface waves have immune characteristics to structural defects, have ultra-low loss and ultra-high transmission efficiency, and are widely used in the design of various optical waveguides.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bend waveguide.
  • optical input port 1 optical output port 2 magneto-optical film 3 background medium 4 first absorbing layer 5 second absorbing layer 6 bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) bias magnetic field (Li)
  • the thickness of the magneto-optical film w The distance between the absorbing layer and the waveguide w 1 The radius of the inner arc of the ring r The radius of the outer arc of the ring r+w
  • FIG. 2 is a first working principle diagram of a non-leakage magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary corner waveguide conduction.
  • Fig. 3 is a second working principle diagram of the non-leakage magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary corner waveguide conduction.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectional arbitrary-bending waveguide of the magneto-optical film as a function of the frequency of the light wave.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical film unidirectional arbitrary-bending waveguide as a function of the light-wave frequency.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical film unidirectional arbitrary-bending waveguide as a function of the light-wave frequency.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing a fourth embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical film unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide as a function of the optical frequency.
  • the leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide of the present invention comprises an optical input end 1, a light output end 2, a magneto-optical film 3, a background medium 4, and a first An absorber layer 5, a second absorber layer 6 and a bias magnetic field H 0 ,
  • the working mode of the unidirectional cornering waveguide is TE mode
  • the unidirectional cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical material film waveguide, a magneto-optical film" and a background medium 4
  • the interface is a region where the light energy is mainly concentrated, the magneto-optical film 3 is disposed in the background medium 4, and the magneto-optical film 3 is a magneto-optical material, that is, a magneto-optical material film
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth elements doped a material such as a garnet and a rare earth-transition metal alloy film;
  • the film of magneto-optical material 3 And the background medium 4 is curved at any angle, and the shape bent at any angle is a circular arc shape (arc-shaped turning type curved waveguide), and the arbitrary bending angle may be an angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the bending angle of the unidirectional turning waveguide Can also be used: 0 degrees to 180 degrees The angle between; for example: 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees and 180 degrees.
  • Figure 1 (a) one-way turning angle is 30 degrees
  • Figure 1 (b) single The turning angle is 45 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (c) is 60 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (d) is 90 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (e) is 120 degrees.
  • Fig. 1(f) has a one-way turning angle of 135 degrees
  • Fig. 1 (g) has a one-way turning angle of 150 degrees
  • Fig. 1 (h) has a one-way turning angle of 180 degrees.
  • the length of the curved portion depends on the turning angle.
  • the turning angle when the turning angle is 45 degrees, it is one-eighth of a ring; when the turning angle is 90 degrees, it is a quarter ring; when the turning angle is 180 degrees, it is a half ring, etc. Etc., etc. Since the device structure of the present invention satisfies the symmetry conservation, that is, its corresponding mirror structure can also work effectively, the structures of both of Figures 1(d) and (i) are mirror-symmetrical and have the same operational characteristics.
  • the surfaces of the magneto-optical material 3 and the background medium 4 are magnetic surface fast waves, and the magneto-optical material film 3 and the background medium 4 are structured as a flat waveguide structure, and the interface between the magneto-optical material 3 and the background medium 4 is formed.
  • the waveguide, the optical waveguide transmits optical signals unidirectionally, and functions as a photodiode or an isolator;
  • the magneto-optical material film 3 and the background medium 4 are connected to the optical input port 1 and the optical output port 2 by any angle bending;
  • the background medium 4 is made of a common dielectric material.
  • the first absorbing layer 5, the second absorbing layer 6 absorbing layer is the same or different absorbing materials, and the absorbing material is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite Thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyarylsulfone or poly Ethyleneimine; the distance between the first absorbing layer 5 and the second absorbing layer 6 respectively from the surface of the flat waveguide is 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength; the thickness of the first absorbing layer 5 and the second absorbing layer They are each not less than 1/4 wavelength.
  • a bias magnetic field is provided at the magneto-optical material film 3, that is, a bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) and a bias magnetic field (in), and the direction is controllable, the applied magnetic field H 0 is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction or by a rotatable permanent magnet, so that the direction of the current can be controlled to change the conduction direction of the waveguide, or by rotating a permanent magnet. change.
  • the port 1 of the direction-controlled unidirectional turning waveguide is an optical input port, and the port 2 is an optical output port;
  • the direction is controllable Port 2 to the cornering waveguide is an optical input port, and port 1 is an optical output port.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP).
  • SPP metal surface plasmon
  • the magneto-optical material Under the action of the biased static magnetic field, the magneto-optical material has a magnetic permeability of tensor, and at the same time, its effective refractive index is negative in a certain optical band.
  • the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of producing a guided wave and has a property of unidirectional propagation, which is called a surface acoustic wave (Surface Magnetically Polarized Wave, SMP).
  • the invention relates to a leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide.
  • the device is based on the non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material, and the surface wave characteristic can be generated by combining the magneto-optical material-medium interface.
  • a single-conducting cornering waveguide with excellent performance has been developed and its conduction direction is controllable.
  • the magneto-optical material film is disposed in the background medium and combined with the two absorbing layers to make the magnetic surface fast wave generated by the uniform magneto-optical material-medium interface
  • the unidirectional bending transmission of light is performed, and the conduction direction of the waveguide is controlled by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction, and the turning angle is an arbitrary value, and the absorbing layer absorbs unnecessary waves and eliminates optical path interference.
  • the technical scheme of the invention is based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material-medium interface to realize the design of the direction controllable curved waveguide.
  • the basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
  • the magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by the application of a static magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment.
  • the magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light.
  • the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
  • H 0 is the applied magnetic field
  • M s is the saturation magnetization
  • ⁇ is the operating frequency
  • ⁇ is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the biasing magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper facing direction, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be solved according to the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material and Maxwell's equations.
  • the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (which is a TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
  • YIG yttrium iron garnet
  • the direction is vertical paper facing
  • the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium.
  • the YIG material is depleted.
  • the coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4 and the turning angle is 90°.
  • the direction of the biasing magnetic field is the direction perpendicular to the paper, and the conduction direction of the curved waveguide is opposite.
  • the low-loss magneto-optical film of the device of the invention has a magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary bending waveguide which is arranged in a common dielectric material by a magneto-optical material, and its structural size and parameters, such as the inner arc radius r of the ring and the magneto-optical film
  • the thickness w can be flexibly selected according to the working wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
  • yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction, and the size is 900 Oe, and the direction will be determined.
  • the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and magnetic permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium, YIG
  • the material loss coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4 .
  • the direction-controlled cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 45°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 5.11 GHz to 7.38 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 28.446 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0664 dB.
  • the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is formed by a magneto-optical film waveguide having a turning angle of 90°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is from 5.00 GHz to 7.40 GHz. Consider material damage in the operating frequency range The consuming and direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 31.993 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0163 dB.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 135°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 5.06 GHz to 7.40 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 27.447 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0490 dB.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 180°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is from 5.00 GHz to 7.39 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 35.752 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0383 dB.
  • the transmission efficiency curve of the magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide with different turning angles shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 can be transmitted by the magneto-optical film turning waveguide
  • the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave that is, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional turning waveguide. It can be seen from the results that the low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast-wave mode controlled unidirectional arbitrary curved waveguide of the present invention can work effectively.

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Abstract

一种无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，包括一个光输入端（1）、一个光输出端（2）、一个磁光薄膜（3）、背景介质（4）、两个吸波层（5、6）和一个偏置磁场（H 0）；磁光薄膜（3）设置于背景介质（4）中，磁光薄膜（3）采用磁光材料；磁光薄膜（3）和背景介质（4）为任意角度弯曲形；磁光薄膜（3）处设置有偏置磁场（H 0），且方向可控；磁光薄膜（3）弯曲部分为圆环形状；磁光材料与背景介质（4）的表面处为磁表面快波。无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导结构简单、体积小、便于集成、低损耗、传输效率高，适合于大规模光路集成，被广泛应用到各种光波导的设计中。

Description

无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导 技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁光材料、表面波和光二极管，具体涉及一种无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导。
背景技术
拐弯波导是一种作为变换光路用的光器件，其在光波导器件中占据重要的地位。由于光波导中光束传播方向的改变、光束传输轴位移和降低器件体积的需要，光波导中的弯曲是必需的。波导弯曲会引起波导材料在光的传输方向上光学特性分布的变化，使得拐弯波导具备较高的损耗。拐弯波导领域已有广泛的研究，其中弧形转向型拐弯波导是目前此方面研究的主要内容。但即使是这种类型的波导，其所存在的弯曲损耗和过渡损耗仍然严重制约了传输效率。此外结构缺陷等也会给波导带来其他方面的损耗。
光二极管和隔离器是一种只允许光往一个方向传播的光学器件，应用于阻止不必要的光反馈。传统的光二极管和隔离器的主元件是法拉第旋光器，应用了法拉第效应(磁光效应)作为其工作原理。传统的法拉第隔离器由起偏器、法拉第旋光器和检偏器组成，这种器件结构复杂，通常被应用在自由空间的光系统中。对于集成光路，光纤或波导等集成光器件都是非偏振维持系统，会导致偏振角的损耗，因而不适用法拉第隔离器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种结构简单有效，低损耗，光传输效率高，体积小，便于集成的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现。
本发明无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导包括一个光输入端1、一个光输出端2、一个磁光薄膜3、背景介质4、两个吸波层5、6和一个偏置磁场；所述单向拐弯波导的端口1为光输入端、其端口2为光输出端；所述磁光薄膜3设置于背景介质中；所述磁光薄膜3采用磁光材料；所述磁光薄膜3和背景介质4为任意角度弯曲形；所述磁光薄膜3处设置有偏置磁场，且方向可控；所述磁光薄膜3弯曲部分为圆环形状；所述磁光材料与所述背景介质4的表面处为磁表面快波。
所述磁光材料与所述背景介质4的分界面构成光波导。
所述磁光薄膜3和所述背景介质4通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端和光输出端连接。
所述磁光薄膜3和背景介质4结构波导为平直波导。
所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。
所述背景介质4为普通介质材料或者空气。
所述任意角度弯曲形为30度拐弯形状、45度拐弯形状、60度拐弯形状、90度拐弯形状、120度拐弯形状、135度拐弯形状、150度 拐弯形状、180度拐弯形状。
所述吸波层5、6为相同或者不同的吸波材料；所述吸波材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。
所述吸波层5、6均分别与所述平直波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长；所述吸波层5、6的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。
所述偏置磁场由电流方向可控电磁铁或永久磁铁产生，永久磁铁能旋转；所述方向可控拐弯波导单向拐弯波导由磁光材料薄膜波导构成；所述单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式。
本发明适合应用于大规模光路集成，具有广泛的应用前景。它与现有技术相比，具有如下积极效果。
1.结构简单，便于实现。
2.体积小，便于集成。
3.磁表面波具备对结构缺陷的免疫特性，具有超低损耗、超高传输效率，被广泛应用到各种光波导的设计中。
附图说明
图1为无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导的结构图。
图中：光输入端口1 光输出端口2 磁光薄膜3 背景介质4 第一吸波层5 第二吸波层6 偏置磁场⊙H0(外) 偏置磁场
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000001
(里) 磁光薄膜的厚度w 吸波层与波导之间的距离w1 圆环的内圆弧半径r 圆环的外圆弧半径r+w
图2为无泄漏磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导导通的第一种工作原理图。
图3为无泄漏磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导导通的第二种工作原理图。
图4为磁光薄膜单向任意拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第一种实施例曲线图。
图5为磁光薄膜单向任意拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第二种实施例曲线图。
图6为磁光薄膜单向任意拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第三种实施例曲线图。
图7为磁光薄膜单向任意拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第四种实施例曲线图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导包括一个光输入端1、一个光输出端2、一个磁光薄膜3、背景介质4、第一吸波层5、第二吸波层6和一个偏置磁场H0，单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式，单向拐弯波导由磁光材料薄膜波导构成，磁光薄膜”与背景介质4交界面为光能量主要集中的区域，磁光薄膜3设置于背景介质4中，磁光薄膜3采用磁光材料，即磁光材料薄膜；磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土 -过渡金属合金薄膜等材料；磁光薄膜3弯曲部分为圆环形状，圆环的内圆弧半径为r，其外圆弧半径则为r+w。磁光材料薄膜3和背景介质4为任意角度弯曲形，任意角度弯曲的形状为圆弧形(弧形转向型拐弯波导)，任意弯曲角度可以为0度至180度之间的角度，单向拐弯波导的弯曲角度也可以采用：0度至180度之间的角度；例如：30度、45度、60度、90度、120度、135度、150度和180度。其中图1(a)单向拐弯角度为30度、图1(b)单向拐弯角度为45度、图1(c)单向拐弯角度为60度、图1(d)、(i)单向拐弯角度为90度、图1(e))单向拐弯角度为120度、图1(f)单向拐弯角度为135度、图1(g)单向拐弯角度为150度、和图1(h)单向拐弯角度为180度。弯曲部分的长短取决于拐弯角度。例如，当拐弯角度为45度时，为八分之一个圆环；当拐弯角度为90度时，为四分之一个圆环；当拐弯角度为180度时，为半个圆环等等，以此类推。由于本发明器件结构满足对称守恒，也就是其对应的镜像结构也同样可以有效工作，因而图1(d)、(i)两者结构镜像对称，具备同样的工作特性。磁光材料3与背景介质4的表面处为磁表面快波，磁光材料薄膜3和背景介质4结构为平直波导结构，磁光材料3与背景介质4的分界面构成光波导，光波导单向传输光信号，用作光二极管或隔离器；磁光材料薄膜3和背景介质4通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端口1和光输出端口2连接；背景介质4采用普通介质材料或者空气；第一吸波层5、第二吸波层6吸波层为相同或者不同的吸波材料，吸波材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材 料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺；第一吸波层5和第二吸波层6均分别与平直波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长；第一吸波层5和第二吸波层的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。磁光材料薄膜3处设置有偏置磁场，即偏置磁场⊙H0(外)和偏置磁场
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000002
(里)，且方向可控，外加磁场H0由电流方向可控的电磁铁产生或者由能旋转的永久磁铁提供，所以可以控制电流方向来改变波导的导通方向，或者通过旋转永久磁铁来改变。偏置磁场方向H0垂直于纸面向外时，方向可控单向拐弯波导的端口1为光输入端口，其端口2为光输出端口；偏置磁场方向垂直纸面向里时，方向可控单向拐弯波导的端口2为光输入端口，其端口1为光输出端口。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波是一种类似于金属表面等离子激元(SPP)的现象。磁光材料在偏置静磁场的作用下，磁导率为张量形式，同时，在一定的光波段范围内，其有效折射率为负值。因而，磁光材料的表面能够产生一种导波，且具有单向传播的性能，称为磁表面波(表面磁极化子波，SMP)。
本发明为无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，该器件是基于磁光材料所具有的非互易性，结合磁光材料-介质界面能够产生表面波的特性所研究出的具有优异性能的单向导通拐弯波导，并且其导通方向可控。将磁光材料薄膜设置于背景介质中和两个吸波层组合，使得均匀磁光材料-介质界面产生的磁表面快波来 进行光的单向弯曲传输，利用电流方向可控的电磁铁来控制波导的导通方向，拐弯角度为任意值，吸波层吸收无用波，消除光路干扰。
本发明技术方案是基于磁光材料所具有的光非互易性和磁光材料-介质界面所具有独特的可传导表面波特性，实现方向可控拐弯波导的设计。该技术方案的基本原理如下：
磁光材料是一种具有磁各向异性的材料，由外加静磁场导致磁光材料内部的磁偶极子按同一方向排列，进而产生磁偶极矩。磁偶极矩将和光信号发生强烈的相互作用，进而产生光的非互易性传输。在方向为垂直纸面向外的偏置磁场H0的作用下，磁光材料的磁导率张量为：
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000003
磁导率张量的矩阵元由以下方程组给出：
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000004
其中，μ0为真空中的磁导率，γ为旋磁比，H0为外加磁场，Ms为饱和磁化强度，ω为工作频率，α为损耗系数。若改变偏置磁场的方向为垂直纸面向里，则H0和Ms将改变符号。
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波则可以根据磁光材料的磁导率张量和麦克斯韦方程组求解得出。满足表面波(为TE波)在界面存在的电场和磁场应当有如下的形式：
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000005
其中i＝1代表磁光材料区域，i＝2代表介质区域。代入麦克斯韦方程组：
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000006
再根据本构关系式和边界条件，可得出关于磁表面波的波矢kz的超越方程：
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017099810-appb-000008
为磁光材料的有效磁导率。此超越方程可以由数值解法求解，最终得到kz的值。也可从方程看出，由于方程包含μκkz的项，所以，磁表面波具有非互易性(单向传播)。
可见，在磁光材料薄膜3处加入偏置静磁场，并使用普通介质材料或空气作为背景材料，那么将构成有效的方向可控拐弯波导。并且由于磁表面波(SMP)的特性，拐弯波导在理论上由弯曲结构所产生的损耗非常低。如图2所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，背景介质为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，磁光材料薄膜厚度w＝5mm，第一吸波层与5和第一吸波层6与波导之间的距离均分别为w1＝5mm，圆环的内圆弧半径r＝30mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，拐弯角度为90 度。当外加磁场方向垂直纸面向外时，光波从端口1输入时，在磁光材料-介质界面产生单向正向传输的磁表面波，最后从端口2输出；当光波从端口2输入时，由于磁表面波的非互易性导致光波不能够在器件里面反向传输，从而无法从端口1输出，光能量已全部在端口2处被阻挡。同时可以看到，光波能很好地被局限在磁光薄膜拐弯波导中，损耗值非常低。拐弯波导的导通方向由外加磁场的方向所决定，如图3所示，采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，背景介质为空气(n0＝1)，偏置磁场大小为900Oe，方向为垂直纸面向里，磁光薄膜厚度w＝5mm，第一吸波层5、第二吸波层6均分别与波导之间的距离为w1＝5mm，圆环的内圆弧半径r＝30mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，工作频率为f＝6GHz，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4，拐弯角度为90°。偏置磁场方向为垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导的导通方向是相反的。当光波从端口2输入时，能够在器件内部产生磁表面波，进而从端口1输出；当光波从端口1输入时，由于器件的非互易性导致其内部无法传播反向的光波，端口2没有任何光输出，光能量已全部在端口1处被阻挡。
本发明器件的低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导采用磁光材料设置于普通介质材料中，其结构尺寸和参数，例如圆环的内圆弧半径r和磁光薄膜的厚度w可灵活地根据工作波长和实际需求进行选择。改变尺寸对器件性能没有大的影响。
下面结合附图给出四个实施例，在实施例中采用钇铁石榴石 (YIG)作为磁各向异性材料，偏置磁场由电流方向可控的电磁铁产生，大小为900Oe，方向将决定拐弯波导的导通方向，介质为空气(n0＝1)，磁光薄膜的厚度为w＝5mm，第一吸波层5、第二吸波层6均分别与波导之间的距离为w1＝5mm，圆环的内圆弧半径r＝60mm，器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1，ε2和磁导率[μ1]，μ2所决定，YIG材料损耗系数α＝3×10-4。
实施例1
参照图1(b)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为45°。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图4，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是5.11GHz～7.38GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为28.446dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0664dB。
实施例2
参照图1(d)和(i)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为90°。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图5，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是5.00GHz～7.40GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损 耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为31.993dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0163dB。
实施例3
参照图1(f)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为135°。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图6，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是5.06GHz～7.40GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为27.447dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0490dB。
实施例4
参照图1(h)，方向可控拐弯波导由磁光薄膜波导构成，拐弯角度为180°。在工作频段内，通过电磁铁电流控制磁光材料所加磁场方向垂直纸面向外，拐弯波导将从端口1到端口2导通；相反，控制磁场方向垂直纸面向里，拐弯波导将从端口2到端口1导通。此两种情况的正反向传输效率相同。参照图7，方向可控拐弯波导的工作频率范围是5.00GHz～7.39GHz。在工作频率范围内，考虑材料损耗，方向可控拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为35.752dB，正向传输插入损耗为0.0383dB。
由图4、图5、图6和图7不同拐弯角度的磁光薄膜磁表面快模单向拐弯波导的传输效率曲线图可以得到磁光薄膜拐弯波导所传输 磁表面快波的光频率范围，即单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围。从结果可知，本发明低损磁光薄膜磁表面快波模可控单向任意拐弯波导是能够有效工作的。
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处，不应当理解为对本发明限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其包括一个光输入端(1)、一个光输出端(2)、一个磁光薄膜(3)、背景介质(4)、两个吸波层(5、6)和一个偏置磁场；所述单向拐弯波导的端口(1)为光输入端、其端口(2)为光输出端；所述磁光薄膜(3)设置于背景介质中；所述磁光薄膜(3)采用磁光材料；所述磁光薄膜(3)和背景介质(4)为任意角度弯曲形；所述磁光薄膜(3)处设置有偏置磁场，且方向可控；所述磁光薄膜(3)弯曲部分为圆环形状；所述磁光材料与所述背景介质(4)的表面处为磁表面快波。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意方向可控单向拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光材料与所述背景介质(4)的分界面构成光波导。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光薄膜(3)和所述背景介质(4)通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端和光输出端连接。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光薄膜(3)和背景介质(4)结构波导为平直波导。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控 单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述背景介质(4)为普通介质材料或者空气。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于，所述任意角度弯曲形为30度拐弯形状、45度拐弯形状、60度拐弯形状、90度拐弯形状、120度拐弯形状、135度拐弯形状、150度拐弯形状、180度拐弯形状。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于：所述吸波层(5、6)为相同或者不同的吸波材料；所述吸波材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。
  9. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于：所述吸波层(5、6)均分别与所述平直波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长；所述吸波层(5、6)的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。
  10. 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导，其特征在于：所述偏置磁场由电流方向可控电磁铁或永久磁铁产生，永久磁铁能旋转；所述方向可控拐弯波导单向拐弯波导由磁光材料薄膜波导构成；所述单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式。
PCT/CN2017/099810 2016-08-31 2017-08-31 无泄漏低损磁光薄膜磁表面快模可控单向任意拐弯波导 Ceased WO2018041173A1 (zh)

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