WO2018041110A1 - 一种制动缸间隙调整机构以及制动缸 - Google Patents

一种制动缸间隙调整机构以及制动缸 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041110A1
WO2018041110A1 PCT/CN2017/099541 CN2017099541W WO2018041110A1 WO 2018041110 A1 WO2018041110 A1 WO 2018041110A1 CN 2017099541 W CN2017099541 W CN 2017099541W WO 2018041110 A1 WO2018041110 A1 WO 2018041110A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adjusting
wedge
nut
brake cylinder
cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/099541
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾梁彬
韩红文
王永胜
张洪波
霍伟
雷国伟
Original Assignee
中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司
常州中车铁马科技实业有限公司
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Application filed by 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司, 常州中车铁马科技实业有限公司 filed Critical 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司
Publication of WO2018041110A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041110A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
    • F16D65/56—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
    • F16D65/56—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
    • F16D65/567—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting on a disc brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/005—Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02—Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • F16D2125/04—Cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gap adjusting mechanism, in particular to a brake cylinder gap adjusting mechanism and a brake cylinder, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle braking.
  • the mitigation clearance in the steady state is usually determined by the maximum unadjusted stroke of the brake cylinder, and the stroke depends on the brake cylinder clearance adjustment mechanism.
  • the structure of the conventional brake cylinder determines that the maximum unadjusted stroke after the size of the part is determined is also determined accordingly, so that the relief gap in the steady state of the brake clamp is a certain value.
  • the relevant parts in the brake cylinder clearance adjustment mechanism must be replaced.
  • the Chinese patent document of the application No. CN201210221661.8 discloses a unit brake cylinder including a brake cylinder, a reset mechanism and a gap adjustment mechanism, and the brake cylinder is provided with an air inlet and brake a cylinder is provided with a brake piston, the brake piston includes a piston body that cooperates with the inner wall of the brake cylinder, and a piston tube that extends from a middle portion of the piston body to one side; a cylinder head is fixedly connected to one end of the brake cylinder a relief spring is disposed between the cylinder head and the piston body of the brake piston; the cylinder head has a central tube, the outer circumference of the piston tube of the brake piston is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the central tube of the cylinder head, and the end portion protrudes from the center tube
  • the reset mechanism includes a lead screw;
  • the gap adjustment mechanism includes a guide nut composition and an adjustment nut, the guide nut composition includes a piston tube cover, a guide nut, a guide spring,
  • the Chinese patent No. CN200820218260.6 discloses a gap adjusting mechanism in a common unit brake cylinder, which can adjust the gap adjustment amount without replacing parts, thereby improving the brake cylinder and even
  • the entire brake clamp device accommodates the flexibility of different disc gap requirements.
  • the basic structure and function principle of the brake cylinder are significantly different from the above two patents.
  • the adjustment gear and the adjustment collar of the adjustment mechanism are subjected to the axial load, and the adjustment direction of the adjustment collar is also the axial direction. It is easy to loosen the thread due to the working load, and other anti-loose measures must be taken to ensure the stability of the gap adjustment, thus increasing the complexity of the structure.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art, and to improve the brake cylinder clearance adjusting mechanism which can adjust the maximum unadjusted stroke value of the brake cylinder as needed by simple adjustment, and is stable and reliable. Brake cylinder, so as to achieve adaptive adjustment of the clearance value under the steady state of the brake clamp.
  • the basic technical solution of the brake cylinder gap adjusting mechanism of the present invention comprises: a cylinder block, a cylinder head and a cylinder head tube which are mutually fixed, and the inner cavity of the cylinder head tube is nested with an axial movement pair a piston tube, an inner end of the piston tube is axially fixed to a piston located in the cylinder body, and a relief spring is disposed between the cylinder head tube and the piston; an outer end of the piston tube and a tubular guiding resistance
  • the body of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a square keyway and a wedge-shaped adjusting block mounting groove;
  • the guiding resistor body is provided with an end-face engaging taper sleeve and a guiding nut, the taper sleeve and the guiding nut The end away from the engagement respectively abuts against the resistance spring and the guiding spring;
  • the inner hole of the guiding nut is provided with an adjusting screw shaft whose inner end is screwed with the adjusting nut
  • the adjustment direction of the wedge adjusting block of the invention is radial, orthogonal to the axial load direction, and the plurality of guiding pins mounted on the wedge adjusting block mounting groove provide effective axial support for the wedge adjusting block, thereby effectively preventing the work.
  • the looseness caused by the axial load ensures that the brake clamp relieves the stability of the gap value.
  • the improvement of the invention is as follows:
  • the cylinder head tube is connected to the cylinder head by a thread, and has a square key groove and a wedge-shaped adjustment block mounting groove in the axial direction.
  • a matching position on the wedge adjusting block mounting groove and the wedge adjusting block of the cylinder head tube is provided with a plurality of guiding pin mounting holes and an adjusting screw mounting hole, and the wedge adjusting block is mounted on the cylinder head tube by a guide pin and an adjusting screw .
  • a wave spring is attached to a contact surface of the wedge adjusting block and the wedge adjusting block mounting groove of the cylinder head tube.
  • a key groove is formed on the piston tube in the axial direction, and the circumferential distribution position and the groove width of the key groove are matched with the key groove above the cylinder head tube.
  • a relief spring is mounted on the outer side of the piston tube in the axial direction, and one end of the relief spring is in contact with the inner side of the piston, and the other end is in contact with the end of the cylinder head tube.
  • An adjusting spring is mounted on the outer circumference of the adjusting nut, and one end of the adjusting spring is in contact with the end surface of the adjusting spring retaining ring, and the other end is in contact with the adjusting spring bearing.
  • the front side of the adjusting nut has an end tooth that matches the end tooth of the tapered toothed sleeve.
  • the guide blocker body has a thread on the stepped outer cylindrical surface on which the guide blocker module is mounted on the piston tube, and the other end inner cylindrical surface has a thread for mounting the guide end cover.
  • the guide nut is mounted within the guide end cap and has an internal bore having a trapezoidal thread that mates with the thread of the lead screw.
  • the end face of the guiding nut bearing is limited by a guiding nut step surface, the guiding spring end and the guiding nut bearing Contact and the other end is in contact with the inner end surface of the end shield of the guide resistor.
  • One end of the guiding nut has a circumferential end tooth matching the upper end tooth of the taper sleeve, and the taper sleeve is circumferentially distributed with a guiding key which is nested in the corresponding key groove of the inner hole of the guiding end cap.
  • a resistance adjusting gasket is disposed at a step surface of the inner wall of the guiding resistor body, and the inner wall of the inner surface of the adjusting gasket has a key that cooperates with a corresponding key groove on the adjusting nut.
  • the resistance spring is installed between the other step surface of the hole wall of the guiding resistor body and the step surface of the taper sleeve.
  • the elastic force of the blocking spring is greater than the elastic force of the guiding spring.
  • a brake cylinder clearance adjustment mechanism includes: a cylinder block including a limit groove and a position adjustment component that are opened in the axial direction; and a piston module Movably disposed in the cylinder block and forming an axial movement pair with the cylinder block; adjusting the screw shaft, one end of the adjustment screw shaft is disposed in the piston module, and the other end of the adjustment screw shaft is located in the cylinder block Outside the module; gap adjustment module, the gap adjustment module has a limiting portion, the limiting portion is disposed in the limiting slot, and the gap adjusting module is used for adjusting the relative position between the adjusting screw shaft and the cylinder module, and the position adjusting component position is
  • the ground adjustment is arranged on the cylinder block, and the position adjustment component is used for adjusting/restricting the axial displacement of the limit portion in the limit groove.
  • the position adjusting assembly includes a wedge adjusting block, the wedge adjusting block is radially adjustablely disposed on the cylinder block, and the adjacent ends of the limiting portion and the wedge adjusting block respectively have an outer wedge surface and an inner wedge surface.
  • the cylinder block includes a square key groove extending in the axial direction for receiving the limiting portion and a wedge adjusting block mounting groove for receiving the wedge adjusting block, and the square key groove forms a limiting groove.
  • a plurality of guide pin mounting holes and adjusting screw mounting holes are respectively formed at the matching positions of the wedge adjusting block mounting groove and the wedge adjusting block, and the wedge adjusting block is mounted on the cylinder block by the guiding pin and the adjusting screw.
  • the wedge adjusting block is further provided with a wave spring at a matching position corresponding to the wedge adjusting block mounting groove.
  • the wedge adjustment block is provided with a groove for accommodating the wave spring.
  • the cylinder block further includes a cylinder, a cylinder head and a cylinder head tube that are fixed to each other.
  • the cylinder head tube is connected to the cylinder head by threads, and has a square key groove and a wedge-shaped adjustment block mounting groove in the axial direction.
  • the piston module includes a piston and a piston tube.
  • the piston tube is disposed in the cylinder head tube and forms an axial movement pair with the cylinder head tube.
  • the inner end of the piston tube is axially fixed to the piston located in the cylinder body.
  • a key groove is formed in the axial direction of the piston tube, the circumferential distribution position of the key groove and the groove width are matched with the key groove above the cylinder head tube, and a relief spring is arranged between the cylinder cover tube and the piston.
  • the relief spring is axially mounted on the outside of the piston tube to relieve one end of the spring from contacting the inside of the piston and the other end in contact with the end of the cylinder head tube.
  • the limiting portion extends radially through the key groove provided on the piston tube and is located in the limiting groove.
  • the gap adjustment module comprises: an adjusting nut, wherein the inner hole of the adjusting nut is matched with the thread of the adjusting screw shaft through the trapezoidal thread; the tapered tooth sliding sleeve is sleeved on the outer circular surface of the adjusting nut, and the tapered tooth is slippery
  • the end teeth of the sleeve are matched with the end teeth of the adjusting nut, and the outer circle of the tapered sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with the square key extending radially to the key groove of the cylinder head tube, and the square key forms a limiting portion.
  • the adjustment nut is mounted on the outer circumference of the adjusting nut, one end of the adjusting spring is in contact with the end surface of the adjusting spring retaining ring, and the other end is in contact with the adjusting spring bearing, and the front end of the adjusting nut has an end tooth matching the end tooth of the tapered toothed sleeve.
  • the adjusting spring retaining ring is mounted on the outer circular surface of the adjusting nut near the end of the adjusting rod by a wire or a retaining spring, and the adjusting spring bearing is installed between the adjusting nut and the tapered sliding sleeve, and is sleeved by the tapered tooth
  • the stepped end face is axially constrained.
  • the adjusting nut and the adjusting screw shaft are provided with trapezoidal threads, and the adjusting nut and the adjusting screw shaft are connected by a trapezoidal thread.
  • a brake cylinder including a brake cylinder clearance adjustment mechanism, which is a brake cylinder clearance adjustment mechanism provided above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the adjustment mechanism of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the wedge-shaped adjusting block of the embodiment of FIG. 1 before adjustment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the wedge-shaped adjusting block of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural schematic view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a mitigating state with a clamp.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural schematic view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in combination with a clamp in a braking state.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the state in which the teeth of the adjusting nut face are fully engaged and completely disengaged in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the upper part is the end face of the adjusting nut, the tooth is completely engaged, and the lower part is the adjusting nut face tooth completely disengaged.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view of the main modules of the brake cylinder.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a guiding resistance adjustment module.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the guiding resistance module of Figure 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a gap adjustment module.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the gap adjustment module of Figure 11;
  • the basic structure of the brake cylinder gap adjusting mechanism of this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and includes a cylinder block 111, a cylinder head 112 and a cylinder head tube 113 which are mutually fixed, and the inner cavity of the cylinder head tube 113 is nested therein.
  • the inner end of the piston tube 122 is axially fixed to the piston 121 located in the cylinder body, and a relief spring 199 is disposed between the cylinder head tube 113 and the piston; the outer end of the piston tube 122 is
  • the tubular guiding resistor body 141 is fixedly connected, and the cylinder head tube 113 is axially opened with a square key groove and a wedge adjusting block 115 mounting groove.
  • a guide sleeve 145 and a guide nut 143 are mounted in the guide blocker body 141, and the end of the sleeve 145 and the guide nut 143 away from the engagement abut against the resist spring 147 and the guide spring 144, respectively.
  • the inner hole of the guiding nut 143 is provided with an adjusting screw shaft 152 whose inner end is screwed with the adjusting nut 131, and the adjusting nut 131 is provided with a tapered tooth sleeve 132 with an end surface engageable therewith.
  • the outer circumference of the conical sleeve 132 is fixed with a square key 198 extending radially from the key groove above the cylinder head tube 113.
  • the wedge adjustment block mounting groove of the cylinder head tube 113 is provided with a wedge-shaped adjustment block 115 with an adjustable radial position.
  • the adjacent ends of the key 198 and the wedge adjustment block 115 have an outer wedge surface and an inner wedge surface, respectively.
  • the inner end of the piston tube 122 is an end of the piston tube 122 located inside the cylinder 111.
  • the outer end of the piston tube 122 is an end of the piston tube 122 outside the cylinder 111.
  • the brake cylinder clearance adjusting mechanism of the present embodiment is mainly divided into five functional modules according to the tightness and function of the connection relationship: a cylinder module, a piston module, a gap adjustment module, a guiding resistance adjustment module, and an adjustment shaft module.
  • some non-module parts are included: relief spring 199, square key 198, dust cover 197, and the like.
  • the cylinder block is composed of a cylinder block 111, a cylinder head 112, a cylinder head tube 113, a wedge-shaped adjustment block 115, a guide pin 116, a wave spring 117, and an adjustment screw 118.
  • the cylinder block 111 and the cylinder head 112 constitute a main structure thereof, and the two can be connected by a bolt nut or a circlip, a steel wire, etc., and the cavity formed by the position provides a moving working space for the piston module.
  • the cylinder head tube 113 is connected to the cylinder head 112 by threads, and provides a motion support guide for the piston module, and a square key groove and a wedge adjustment block 115 are mounted on the upper side to mount the groove.
  • a plurality of guide pin mounting holes and adjusting screw mounting holes are formed in the matching positions on the wedge adjusting block mounting groove and the wedge adjusting block 115 of the cylinder head tube 113, and the wedge adjusting block 115 is mounted on the cylinder head through the guide pin 116 and the adjusting screw 118.
  • a plurality of wave springs 117 are also mounted on the contact surface of the wedge adjusting block 115 and the wedge adjusting block mounting groove of the cylinder head tube 113, which can provide elastic support for the wedge adjusting block 115 and provide a certain anti-loose preload for the adjusting screw 118. .
  • the piston module consists of a piston 121, a piston tube 122 and a piston seal 123.
  • the piston 121 and the piston tube 122 can be fixedly connected in the axial direction by a thread pair or a snap ring limiting manner.
  • the piston seal ring 123 is directly mounted on the outer edge of the piston 121 by an interference fit, and is in contact with the inner cavity of the cylinder 111 when the piston module is inserted into the cylinder block, thereby functioning as a gas seal.
  • the piston tube 122 has a keyway along its axial direction, and its circumferential distribution position and groove width are matched with the keyway above the cylinder head tube 113, mainly providing space for the axial movement of the square key 198; the piston tube 122 is not connected to the piston 121. Threaded on the inner circumference of one end, Connected to the guiding resistance module.
  • a relief spring 199 is axially mounted on the outer side of the piston tube 122, one end of which is in contact with the inner side of the piston 121, and the other end is in contact with the end of the cylinder head tube 113 to provide a reset axial force to the piston module when the brake cylinder exhaust is relieved.
  • the gap adjustment module is mainly composed of an adjustment nut 131, a tapered sleeve 132, and an adjustment spring 133.
  • the adjustment nut 131 passes axially through the bevel sleeve 132 and coincides with its axis.
  • the adjusting spring retaining ring 135 is mounted on the outer circular surface of one end of the adjusting nut 131 by a wire or a snap ring.
  • the adjustment spring bearing 134 is mounted between the adjustment nut 131 and the bevel sleeve 132 to provide support for the relative rotation of the two and is axially constrained by the stepped end face on the tapered sleeve 132.
  • the adjusting spring 133 is axially mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the adjusting nut 131, one end of which is in contact with the end surface of the adjusting spring retaining ring 135, and the other end is in contact with the adjusting spring bearing 134 for providing between the adjusting nut 131 and the tapered sliding sleeve 132.
  • the front portion of the adjusting nut 131 has end teeth in the circumferential direction and is matched with the upper end teeth of the tapered tooth sleeve 132. Wherein, as shown in FIG. 1 , the front section of the adjusting nut 131 is a section of the adjusting nut 131 close to the adjusting shaft module.
  • the adjusting nut 131 and the end teeth of the bevel sleeve 132 are in mesh with each other without receiving external load, and the relative axial and circumferential movements of the two are restricted.
  • the outer circumference of the other end of the non-mounting adjustment spring 133 of the adjustment nut 131 is slotted in the axial direction, and the key on the resistance adjustment pad 146 in the guiding resistance adjustment module can be nested therein; the inside of the adjustment nut 131
  • the hole has a trapezoidal thread that cooperates with the thread of the lead screw 152 of the adjustment shaft module.
  • the outer side of the tapered sleeve 132 is provided with a square key 198 mounting hole, and the square key 198 can be fixed to the tapered sliding sleeve 132 by screws, and the circumferential limit of the tapered sliding sleeve 132 is provided by the square key groove on the cylinder head 112.
  • Bit Specifically, a square key groove for accommodating the limiting portion is axially opened on the cylinder head tube of the cylinder block.
  • a wedge-shaped adjusting block mounting groove matching the position of the square key groove is opened in the axial direction, and the wedge-shaped adjusting block is installed through the wedge-shaped adjusting block mounting groove.
  • the guiding resistance module is mainly composed of a guiding resistor body 141, a guiding resistor end cover 142, a guiding nut 143, a guiding spring 144, a taper sleeve 145, a resisting washer 146, a resisting spring 147 and a guiding nut bearing 148.
  • the guide blocker body 141 has a thread on one end of the stepped outer cylindrical surface for mounting the guide blocker module on the piston tube 122; and the other end inner cylindrical surface is also threaded for mounting the guide blocker end cover 142 .
  • the guide nut 143 is mounted in the guide blocker end cap 142 with a trapezoidal thread on the inner bore that mates with the threaded rod 152 of the adjustment shaft module.
  • a guide nut bearing 148 and a guide spring 144 are respectively mounted in the axial direction.
  • the end face of the guide nut bearing 148 is limited by the guide nut step surface to provide support for the relative rotation between the guide nut 143 and the guide blocker end cover 142; one end of the guide spring 144 is in contact with the guide nut bearing 148, and the other end is The inner end face of the end shield end cap 142 is contacted for providing an axial restoring force therebetween.
  • the guiding nut 143 has a circumferential end tooth at one end thereof, and is matched with the end tooth on the taper sleeve 145.
  • the taper sleeve 145 is distributed with a guide key in the circumferential direction, and is nested in the corresponding key groove of the inner end of the guide end cover 142 for limiting the circumferential relative rotation between the two and the one-way axial limit.
  • the resistive spacer 146 is mounted on the step surface of the inner side of the inner side of the guide blocker body 141, and has a key in the inner side at the inner hole for engaging with the corresponding key groove on the adjusting nut 131.
  • the resisting spring 147 is mounted between the step surface of the other stepped surface of the guide blocker body 141 and the taper sleeve 145. In the normal installation and working state, the elastic force of the resisting spring 147 is much larger than the elastic force of the guiding spring 144. Under the action of the guiding sleeve, the end surface of the guiding sleeve 145 is matched with the end surface of the keyway of the guiding end cover 142, and The end surface of the other end of the taper sleeve 145 and the end surface of the resistive washer 146 maintain a certain gap in the axial direction.
  • the adjustment shaft module is mainly composed of a yoke 151, a screw rod 152, a reset nut 153, a reset nut wave spring 154, and a reset nut seal ring 155.
  • the upper and lower ends of the yoke 151 have an interface hole connected to the brake caliper lever, and a bushing 113 is installed in the hole.
  • the trapezoidal thread of the lead screw 152 is for engaging with the adjusting nut 131 and the guiding nut 143, and one end of the rod 152 is inserted into and mounted to the center hole of the yoke 151.
  • the stepped surface of the screw rod 152 has end teeth which are engaged with the teeth of the upper end of the yoke 151; the end of the polished rod has a through hole in the radial direction and is fixedly connected to the reset nut 153 through the elastic pin.
  • a reset nut wave spring 154 is axially mounted between the reset nut 153 and the yoke 151 for holding the yoke 151 in engagement with the tooth flanks of the lead screw 152.
  • a reset nut seal 155 is mounted between the outer side of the reset nut 153 and the yoke 151 for dustproof and waterproof.
  • a circumferential groove is formed in the vicinity of the outer end surface of the cylinder head 112 and the inner end surface of the yoke 151 for attaching the dust cover 197 therebetween.
  • the square key 198 has a wedge-shaped cross-section design compared with the conventional brake cylinder with the gap adjustment function, and the actual movable space is defined by the square key groove on the cylinder head tube 113.
  • the wedge adjustment blocks 115 are composed in common. By adjusting the adjusting screw 118, the mounting height of the wedge adjusting block 115 on the cylinder head tube 113 can be adjusted, that is, the height of the wedge surface of the wedge adjusting block 115 is adjusted, thereby changing the axial movable distance of the square key 198 in the square key groove.
  • the gap adjustment mechanism triggers the gap adjustment action. Therefore, after multiple gap adjustment actions, the relief clearance of the brake clamp Sp should be kept in the vicinity of S1+N/i between the brake disc and the brake disc in the relieved state. Where i is the brake clamp lever ratio.
  • the height of the wedge adjusting block 115 is adjusted by the adjusting screw 118, and the axial distance between the wedge surface and the wedge surface of the square key 198 is changed, that is, the S1 is changed, and the relief gap of the brake caliper can be adjusted.
  • Both ends of the brake cylinder can be considered as free ends before the brake pads of the brake calipers are held tightly with the brake discs, i.e., substantially free of axial braking loads from the levers.
  • the guiding nut 143 meshes with the end teeth of the taper sleeve 145, and the guiding nut 143 cannot be adjusted relative to the shaft.
  • the relative position of the adjusting shaft and the guiding nut 143 in the axial direction does not change, that is, the guiding nut 143 drives the adjusting shaft to move synchronously outward through the trapezoidal thread.
  • the adjusting nut 131 meshes with the end teeth of the tapered sliding sleeve 132, and the adjusting nut 131 cannot rotate relative to the adjusting shaft, and the adjusting shaft drives the gap through the trapezoidal thread.
  • the adjustment modules move synchronously outward, and the square button 198 also moves within the square keyway.
  • the actual idle travel S of the brake cylinder is large before the brake disc and the brake disc are not clamped. If the actual idle travel S is greater than the maximum unadjusted stroke S1 of the square key 198 and the end tooth engagement height N of the adjusting nut 131, the square key 198 moves with the entire gap adjusting module first with the piston module during the cylinder inflation process. When the square key stroke reaches S1, the wedge surface is in contact with the wedge adjustment block, and the axial movement is limited.
  • the adjusting nut 131 continues to move to the outside under the driving of the adjusting shaft screw 152, and the adjusting nut 131 and the end tooth surface of the tapered sliding sleeve 132 start to separate, and when the end tooth engagement height N is continued, the end tooth Completely disengaged, the circumferential movement constraint of the adjustment nut 131 is released, and intermittent rotation begins to occur under the action of the adjustment spring 133, so that the adjustment shaft screw 152 projects outwardly relative to the adjustment nut 131.
  • the piston moves inward under the action of the relief spring 199, and the gap adjustment module, the guiding resistance adjustment module and the adjustment shaft module move the whole body inwardly, and the square key 198 also moves inward.
  • the gap adjustment module Since the stroke of the piston is greater than the stroke of the square key 198 during the inflation process, during the resetting process, when the square key 198 is axially restrained by the inner end surface of the square keyway, the gap adjustment module will stop moving axially, and the adjusting nut Under the action of the threaded engagement of the 131 and the adjusting shaft screw 152, the adjustment shaft cannot continue to move axially.
  • the piston module Before and after the brake cylinder is filled and exhausted, due to the axial relative displacement of the adjustment shaft relative to the gap adjustment module and the guiding resistance adjustment module, that is, the piston module is outwardly extended, so that the length of the brake cylinder before and after the movement is elongated.
  • the reaction is reached to the brake pad end, the distance between the two sides becomes smaller, and the disc gap is reduced, that is, the gap adjustment action occurs.
  • the maximum unadjusted stroke of the square key 198 is S1; when the installation height of the wedge adjustment block 115 is increased by ⁇ H, the maximum unadjusted stroke of the square key 198 will also increase by ⁇ S.
  • ⁇ S ⁇ H/tan(a), where a is the angle between the wedge surface of the square bond 198 and the wedge adjustment block 115 and the horizontal plane.
  • the adjustable clearance value between the brake caliper and the brake disc can be adjusted.
  • the wedge faces of the square key 118 and the wedge adjusting block 115 should adopt the wedge face matching manner shown in the drawing, that is, after the wedge face of the square key 198 is in contact with the wedge face of the wedge adjusting block 115, the square key 198 is opposite to the wedge adjusting block 115.
  • the direction of the force is obliquely upward along the wedge surface.
  • the precise limit of the wedge adjustment block 115 can be achieved under the tension of the adjusting screw 118.
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a brake cylinder composed of a cylinder block, a piston module, a gap adjustment module, a guide resistance adjustment module, and an adjustment shaft module.
  • Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the guided resistance module of Figure 1.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the guided resistance module shown in Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the gap adjustment module of Figure 1.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the gap adjustment module shown in Figure 11 .

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Abstract

一种制动缸间隙调整机构以及制动缸属于车辆制动技术领域。该机构的缸盖管（113）内腔嵌套的活塞管（122）内端与活塞（121）轴向固连；活塞管（122）的外端与引导阻调器本体（141）固连，缸盖管（113）上轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块（115）安装槽；引导阻调器本体（141）内安装有端面啮合的锥套（145）及引导螺母（143），锥套（145）和引导螺母（143）的远离啮合的一端分别抵靠于阻调弹簧（147）和引导弹簧（144）；引导螺母（143）的内孔装有与调节螺母（131）旋合的调节丝杆轴（152），调节螺母（131）外装有锥齿滑套（132）；锥齿滑套（132）的外圆与径向延伸出缸盖管（113）上方键槽的方键（198）固连，缸盖管（113）的楔形调整块（115）安装槽装有径向位置可调的楔形调整块（115），方键（198）和楔形调整块（115）的相邻端分别具有外楔形面和内楔形面。所述的制动缸间隙调整机构实现了制动缸最大无调整行程值的可调，确保了间隙调整量的稳定。

Description

一种制动缸间隙调整机构以及制动缸 技术领域
本发明涉及一种间隙调整机构，尤其是一种制动缸间隙调整机构以及制动缸，属于车辆制动技术领域。
背景技术
据申请人了解，目前常见的带有间隙调整功能的制动夹钳单元结构中，其稳定状态下的缓解间隙通常由制动缸最大无调整行程决定，该行程取决于制动缸间隙调整机构的相关零件尺寸。长期以来，传统制动缸的结构决定了其零件尺寸确定后最大无调整行程也相应确定，从而使制动夹钳稳定状态下的缓解间隙为一确定值。若要改变缓解间隙，必须替换制动缸间隙调整机构中的相关零件。
检索发现，申请号为CN201210221661.8的中国专利文献公开了一种单元制动缸，包括制动缸体、复位机构和间隙调整机构，所述制动缸体上设有进气口，制动缸体内装有制动活塞，所述制动活塞包括与制动缸体内壁配合的活塞本体和从活塞本体中部向一侧延伸的活塞管；所述制动缸体的一端固定连接有缸盖；缸盖与制动活塞的活塞本体之间设有缓解弹簧；所述缸盖具有中心管，制动活塞的活塞管的外周与缸盖的中心管内壁滑动配合，且端部伸出中心管之外；所述复位机构包括丝杆；所述间隙调整机构包括引导螺母组成和调节螺母组成，所述引导螺母组成包括活塞管盖、引导螺母、引导弹簧、第一轴承以及锥套，所述调节螺母组成包括调节螺母、锥齿滑套、调节弹簧以及第二轴承，该技术方案比现有技术(参见200980853.2)结构简单、调节灵敏精准，然而该专利公开的技术方案间隙调整机构的间隙在不更换零部件的情况下无法调整，因此适应性欠佳。
此外，申请号为CN200820218260.6的中国专利公开了一种常用单元制动缸中的间隙调整机构，可以实现在不更换零部件的情况下对间隙调整量的调节，因此提高了制动缸乃至整个制动夹钳装置适应不同盘片间隙需求的灵活性。然而，其制动缸的基本结构和作用原理与前述二专利存在明显差异，其调节机构的调隙挡和调整卡圈受到轴向载荷作用，而调整卡圈的调节方向也为轴向，因此容易由于工作载荷导致螺纹松动，必须采取其他防松措施保障间隙调整的稳定，因此增加了结构的复杂性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述现有技术存在的问题，通过结构改进，提出一种通过简便调节即可按需调节制动缸最大无调整行程值、且稳定可靠的制动缸间隙调整机构以及制动缸，从而实现对制动夹钳稳定状态下缓解间隙值的适应性调控。
为了达到以上目的，本发明制动缸间隙调整机构的基本技术方案为：包括相互固连的缸体、缸盖和缸盖管，所述缸盖管内腔嵌套有与之形成轴向移动副的活塞管，所述活塞管的内端与位于缸体内的活塞轴向固连，所述缸盖管与活塞之间装有缓解弹簧；所述活塞管的外端与管状的引导阻调器本体固连，所述缸盖管上轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块安装槽；所述引导阻调器本体内安装有端面啮合的锥套及引导螺母，所述锥套和引导螺母远离啮合的一端分别抵靠于阻调弹簧和引导弹簧；所述引导螺母的内孔装有内端与调节螺母旋合的调节丝杆轴，所述调节螺母外装有端面与之可啮合的锥齿滑套；所述锥齿滑套的外圆与径向延伸出缸盖管上方键槽的方键固连，所述缸盖管的楔形调整块安装槽装有径向位置可调的楔形调整块，所述方键和楔形调整块的相邻端分别具有外楔形面和内楔形面。
采用本发明后，不仅使单元制动缸的原有功能未变，而且由于楔形调整块的径向位置可调，当楔形调整块径向位移时，其与方键相邻端的外楔形面和内楔形面轴向间距随之改变，从而实现由方键在缸盖管方键槽内最大轴向相对位移所决定的制动缸最大无调整行程值的可调。并且本发明楔形调整块的调节方向为径向，与轴向的载荷方向正交，楔形调整块安装槽上安装的若干导向销为楔形调整块提供了有效的轴向支撑，因此有效防止了工作时轴向载荷导致的松动，确保了制动夹钳缓解间隙值的稳定。
本发明的完善如下：
所述缸盖管通过螺纹与缸盖连接，且沿轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块安装槽。
所述缸盖管的楔形调整块安装槽和楔形调整块上的匹配位置开有若干个导向销安装孔与调节螺钉安装孔，所述楔形调整块通过导向销和调节螺钉安装在缸盖管上。
所述楔形调整块与缸盖管的楔形调整块安装槽的接触面上，安装有波形弹簧。
所述活塞管上沿轴向开有键槽，所述键槽周向分布位置及槽宽与缸盖管上方键槽相匹配。
所述活塞管外侧沿轴向安装有缓解弹簧，所述缓解弹簧一端与活塞内侧接触、另一端与缸盖管端部接触。
所述调节螺母外圆面安装调节弹簧，所述调节弹簧一端与调节弹簧挡圈端面接触、另一端与调节弹簧轴承接触。
所述调节螺母前段周向具有与锥齿滑套端齿匹配的端齿。
所述引导阻调器本体一端阶梯外圆柱面上具有将引导阻调器模块安装于活塞管上的螺纹、另一端内圆柱面上具有安装引导阻调器端盖的螺纹。
所述引导螺母安装在引导阻调器端盖内，其内孔具有与丝杆螺纹相配合的梯形螺纹。
所述引导螺母与引导阻调器端盖之间，沿轴向分别安装引导螺母轴承和引导弹簧；所述引导螺母轴承的端面由引导螺母阶梯面限位，所述引导弹簧一端与引导螺母轴承接触、另一端与引导阻调器端盖内侧端面接触。
所述引导螺母一端有与锥套上端齿匹配的周向端齿，所述锥套周向上分布有将其嵌套在引导阻调器端盖内孔相应键槽内的导向键。
所述引导阻调器本体的内孔壁一侧阶梯面处安装阻调垫片，所述调阻垫片内孔壁处周向具有与调节螺母上相应键槽配合的键。
所述阻调弹簧安装在引导阻调器本体内孔壁另一阶梯面与锥套的阶梯面之间。
所述阻调弹簧的弹力大于引导弹簧的弹力。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种制动缸间隙调整机构，制动缸间隙调整机构包括：缸体模块，缸体模块包括沿轴向开设的限位槽和位置调整组件；活塞模块，可移动地设置在缸体模块内，且与缸体模块形成轴向移动副；调节丝杆轴，调节丝杆轴的一端穿设在活塞模块内，调节丝杆轴的另一端位于缸体模块外侧；间隙调整模块，间隙调整模块具有限位部，限位部设置在限位槽内，间隙调整模块用于调整调节丝杆轴和缸体模块之间的相对位置，位置调整组件位置可调地设置在缸体模块上，位置调整组件用于调整/限制限位部在限位槽内的轴向位移。
进一步地，位置调整组件包括楔形调整块，楔形调整块径向可调地设置在缸体模块上，限位部和楔形调整块的相邻端分别具有外楔形面和内楔形面。
进一步地，缸体模块包括沿轴向开设的用于容纳限位部的方键槽和用于容纳楔形调整块的楔形调整块安装槽，方键槽形成限位槽。
进一步地，楔形调整块安装槽和楔形调整块相对应的匹配位置处分别开有若干个导向销安装孔与调节螺钉安装孔，楔形调整块通过导向销和调节螺钉安装在缸体模块上。
进一步地，楔形调整块与楔形调整块安装槽相对应的匹配位置处还设置有波形弹簧。
进一步地，楔形调整块设置有容纳波形弹簧的凹槽。
进一步地，缸体模块还包括相互固连的缸体、缸盖和缸盖管。
进一步地，缸盖管通过螺纹与缸盖连接，且沿轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块安装槽。
进一步地，活塞模块包括活塞和活塞管，活塞管设置在缸盖管内腔并与缸盖管形成轴向移动副，活塞管的内端与位于缸体内的活塞轴向固连。
进一步地，活塞管上沿轴向开有键槽，键槽周向分布位置及槽宽与缸盖管上方键槽相匹配，缸盖管与活塞之间装有缓解弹簧。
进一步地，缓解弹簧轴向安装在活塞管外侧，缓解弹簧一端与活塞内侧接触，另一端与缸盖管端部接触。
进一步地，限位部径向延伸穿过活塞管上设置的键槽，并位于限位槽中。
进一步地，间隙调整模块包括：调节螺母，调节螺母的内孔通过梯形螺纹与调节丝杆轴螺纹相配合；锥齿滑套，锥齿滑套套设在调节螺母的外圆面上，锥齿滑套的端齿与调节螺母的端齿配合限位，锥齿滑套的外圆与径向延伸至缸盖管方键槽中的方键固连，方键形成限位部。
进一步地，调节螺母外圆面安装调节弹簧，调节弹簧一端与调节弹簧挡圈端面接触，另一端与调节弹簧轴承接触，调节螺母前段周向具有与锥齿滑套端齿匹配的端齿。
进一步地，调节弹簧挡圈通过钢丝或卡簧限位安装在调节螺母的靠近活塞一端的外圆面上，调节弹簧轴承安装在调节螺母和锥齿滑套之间，并由锥齿滑套上的阶梯孔端面进行轴向限位。
进一步地，调节螺母和调节丝杆轴上均设置有梯形螺纹，调节螺母和调节丝杆轴通过梯形螺纹连接在一起。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种制动缸，包括制动缸间隙调整机构，制动缸间隙调整机构为上述提供的制动缸间隙调整机构。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明一个实施例的结构示意图。
图2为图1实施例的调节机构局部剖视放大结构示意图。
图3为图1实施例楔形调整块调节前的结构示意图。
图4为图1实施例楔形调整块调节后的结构示意图。
图5为图1实施例配合夹钳在缓解状态的结构示意图。
图6为图1实施例配合夹钳在制动状态的结构示意图。
图7为图1实施例调节螺母端面齿完全啮合和完全脱开状态比较示意图。上部为调节螺母端面齿完全啮合，下部为调节螺母端面齿完全脱开。
图8为制动缸各主要模块的分解示意图。
图9为引导阻调模块的结构示意图。
图10为图9中引导阻调模块的剖视图。
图11为间隙调整模块的结构示意图。
图12为图11中间隙调整模块的剖视图。
图中：111-缸体；112-缸盖；113-缸盖管；115-楔形调整块；116-导向销；117-波形弹簧；118-调节螺钉；121-活塞；122-活塞管；123-密封圈；131-调节螺母；132-锥齿滑套；133-调节弹簧；134-调节弹簧轴承；135-调节弹簧挡圈；141-引导阻调器本体；142-引导阻调器端盖；143引导螺母；144-引导弹簧；145-锥套；146-阻调垫片；147-阻调弹簧；148-引导螺母轴承；151-轭；152-调节轴丝杆；153-复位螺母；154-复位螺母波形弹簧；155-复位螺母密封圈；197-防尘罩；198-方键；199-缓解弹簧。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本实施例的制动缸间隙调整机构基本结构如图1和图2所示，包括相互固连的缸体111、缸盖112和缸盖管113，缸盖管113内腔嵌套有与之形成轴向移动副的活塞管122，活塞管122的内端与位于缸体内的活塞121轴向固连，缸盖管113与活塞之间装有缓解弹簧199；活塞管122的外端与管状的引导阻调器本体141固连，缸盖管113上轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块115安装槽。引导阻调器本体141内安装有端面啮合的锥套145及引导螺母143，锥套145和引导螺母143远离啮合的一端分别抵靠于阻调弹簧147和引导弹簧144。引导螺母143的内孔装有内端与调节螺母131旋合的调节丝杆轴152，调节螺母131外装有端面与之可啮合的锥齿滑套132。锥齿滑套132的外圆与径向延伸出缸盖管113上方键槽的方键198固连，缸盖管113的楔形调整块安装槽装有径向位置可调的楔形调整块115，方键198和楔形调整块115的相邻端分别具有外楔形面和内楔形面。其中，活塞管122的内端为活塞管122的位于缸体111内部的一端，对应的，活塞管122的外端为活塞管122的位于缸体111外部的一端。
为了便于理解，将本实施例的制动缸间隙调整机构按连接关系的紧密性及功能主要分成五大功能模块：缸体模块、活塞模块、间隙调整模块、引导阻调模块、调节轴模块。此外，还包括一些非模块零件：缓解弹簧199、方键198、防尘罩197等。
缸体模块由缸体111、缸盖112、缸盖管113、楔形调整块115、导向销116、波形弹簧117和调节螺钉118组成。缸体111与缸盖112组成其主体结构，二者可通过螺栓螺母或卡簧、钢丝等方式限位联接，构成位置固定的腔体为活塞模块提供运动工作空间。缸盖管113通过螺纹与缸盖112连接，为活塞模块提供运动支撑导向，其上沿轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块115安装槽。在缸盖管113的楔形调整块安装槽和楔形调整块115上的匹配位置开有若干个导向销安装孔与调节螺钉安装孔，楔形调整块115通过导向销116和调节螺钉118安装在缸盖管113上。在楔形调整块115与缸盖管113的楔形调整块安装槽的接触面上，还安装有若干个波形弹簧117，可为楔形调整块115提供弹性支撑并为调节螺钉118提供一定防松预紧。
活塞模块由活塞121、活塞管122和活塞密封圈123组成。其中，活塞121与活塞管122可通过螺纹副或卡簧限位方式在轴向上固定连接。活塞密封圈123通过过盈配合方式直接安装在活塞121外缘，在活塞模块装入缸体模块时与缸体111内腔接触，起到气体密封作用。活塞管122上沿其轴向开有键槽，其周向分布位置及槽宽与缸盖管113上方键槽相匹配，主要为方键198的轴向运动提供空间；活塞管122非与活塞121连接的一端的内圆面上有螺纹，用 于与引导阻调模块连接。活塞管122外侧沿轴向安装有缓解弹簧199，其一端与活塞121内侧接触，另一端与缸盖管113端部接触，在制动缸排气缓解时可为活塞模块提供复位轴向力。
间隙调节模块主要由调节螺母131、锥齿滑套132、调节弹簧133组成。调节螺母131沿轴向穿过锥齿滑套132并与其轴线重合。调节弹簧挡圈135通过钢丝或卡簧限位安装在调节螺母131一端外圆面。调节弹簧轴承134安装在调节螺母131和锥齿滑套132之间，为二者相对转动提供支撑，并由锥齿滑套132上的阶梯孔端面进行轴向限位。调节弹簧133沿轴向安装于调节螺母131外圆面，其一端与调节弹簧挡圈135端面接触，另一端与调节弹簧轴承134接触，用于在调节螺母131与锥齿滑套132之间提供一个轴向复位力。调节螺母131前段周向具有端齿，并与锥齿滑套132上端齿匹配。其中，如图1所示，调节螺母131的前段为调节螺母131的靠近调节轴模块的一段。在调节弹簧133的作用下，在不承受外部载荷情况时，调节螺母131与锥齿滑套132的端齿相互啮合，并限制二者轴向与周向的相对运动。调节螺母131的非安装调节弹簧133的另一端的外圆面上沿轴向有开槽，可将引导阻调模块中的阻调垫片146上的键嵌套在其中；调节螺母131的内孔上有梯形螺纹，与调节轴模块的丝杆152螺纹相配合。锥齿滑套132外圆周向布置有方键198安装孔，方键198可通过螺钉固定在锥齿滑套132上，并通过缸盖112上的方键槽为锥齿滑套132提供周向限位。具体的，缸体模块的缸盖管上沿轴向开设有用于容纳限位部的方键槽。对应的，在方键槽远离缸盖一侧的缸盖管外壁上，沿轴向开设有与方键槽位置匹配的楔形调整块安装槽，通过楔形调整块安装槽安装楔形调整块。
引导阻调模块主要由引导阻调器本体141、引导阻调器端盖142、引导螺母143、引导弹簧144、锥套145、阻调垫片146、阻调弹簧147和引导螺母轴承148组成。引导阻调器本体141一端阶梯外圆柱面上具有螺纹，用于将引导阻调器模块安装于活塞管122上；另一端内圆柱面上也具有螺纹，用于安装引导阻调器端盖142。引导螺母143安装在引导阻调器端盖142内，其内孔上有梯形螺纹，与调节轴模块的丝杆152螺纹相配合。在引导螺母143与引导阻调器端盖142之间，沿轴向分别安装引导螺母轴承148和引导弹簧144。其中，引导螺母轴承148的端面由引导螺母阶梯面限位，为引导螺母143和引导阻调器端盖142之间的相对转动提供支承；引导弹簧144一端与引导螺母轴承148接触，另一端与引导阻调器端盖142内侧端面接触，用于在二者之间提供一个轴向复位力。引导螺母143一端有周向端齿，与锥套145上的端齿匹配，在引导弹簧144的作用下，在不承受外部载荷情况时，引导螺母133与锥套145的端齿相互啮合，并限制二者轴向与周向的相对运动。锥套145在周向上分布有导向键，将其嵌套在引导阻调器端盖142内孔相应键槽内，用于限制二者之间的周向相对转动和单向轴向限位。阻调垫片146安装在引导阻调器本体141内孔一侧的阶梯面处，其内孔处沿周向具有键，用于与调节螺母131上相应键槽配合。阻调弹簧147安装在引导阻调器本体141内孔另一阶梯面与锥套145的阶梯面之间。在正常安装和工作状态下，阻调弹簧147的弹力远大于引导弹簧144的弹力，在其作用下，锥套145导向键的端面与引导阻调器端盖142的键槽端面贴合，并使得锥套145另一端的端面与阻调垫片146端面在轴向上保持一定间隙。
调节轴模块主要由轭151、丝杆152、复位螺母153、复位螺母波形弹簧154和复位螺母密封圈155组成。轭151的上下端具有与制动夹钳杠杆相连接的接口孔，孔内安装有衬套113， 为调节轴模块与制动夹钳杠杆的安装与相对转动提供支承作用。丝杆152的梯形螺纹用于与调节螺母131和引导螺母143配合，丝杆152光杆一端伸入并安装于轭151的中心孔。丝杆152光杆阶梯面具有端齿，与轭151上端齿相啮合；光杆端部沿径向有通孔，并通过弹性销与复位螺母153固定连接。复位螺母153与轭151之间沿轴向安装有复位螺母波形弹簧154，用于保持轭151与丝杆152端齿面啮合。复位螺母153外侧与轭151之间安装有复位螺母密封圈155，用于防尘防水。
在缸盖112外侧端面与轭151内侧端面附近分别开有周向槽，用于在二者之间安装防尘罩197。
参见图3至图12所示，本实施例与传统带有间隙调整功能的制动缸相比，方键198采用楔形截面设计，其实际可运动空间则由缸盖管113上的方键槽和楔形调整块115共同组成。通过调整调节螺钉118可调节楔形调整块115在缸盖管113上的安装高度，即调节了楔形调整块115楔形面的高度，从而改变了方键198在方键槽内的轴向可运动距离即最大无调整行程S1。由制动缸的间隙调整原理可知，当活塞实际空走行程S大于最大无调整行程S1与调节螺母131的端齿啮合高度N之和，调节螺母131与锥齿滑套132相互的端齿完全分离，触发间隙调整机构发生间隙调整动作，因此，经过多次间隙调整动作之后，制动夹钳的缓解间隙Sp制动盘与闸片在缓解状态下的间隙应保持在S1+N/i附近，其中，i为制动夹钳杠杆比。通过调节螺钉118调整楔形调整块115的高度，改变其楔形面与方键198楔形面之间的轴向距离，即改变S1，即可调节制动夹钳的缓解间隙。
当缸体111内充入压缩空气时，压缩空气推动活塞模块压缩缓解弹簧199向外侧移动。引导阻调模块与活塞管122通过螺纹固定连接，其随活塞模块一起向外侧移动。在制动夹钳的闸片与制动盘抱紧之前，制动缸两端可视为自由端，即基本不受来自杠杆的轴向制动载荷。此时在引导阻调模块内部，由于阻调弹簧147弹力远大于引导弹簧144，在引导弹簧144的共同作用下，引导螺母143与锥套145的端齿相啮合，引导螺母143无法相对调节轴发生旋转，调节轴与引导螺母143在轴向上的相对位置不变，即引导螺母143通过梯形螺纹带动调节轴一起同步向外运动。由于方键198的周向限位，在调节弹簧133的作用下，调节螺母131与锥齿滑套132的端齿相啮合，调节螺母131无法相对调节轴发生旋转，调节轴通过梯形螺纹带动间隙调节模块一起同步向外运动，方键198也随之在方键槽内移动。
当制动夹钳的闸片与制动盘之间的间隙Sp较大时，在闸片与制动盘未夹紧之前制动缸的实际空走行程S较大。若实际空走行程S大于方键198的最大无调整行程S1+调节螺母131端齿啮合高度N时，在制动缸充气过程中，方键198与整个间隙调节模块一起先随活塞模块向外运动，当方键行程达到S1时，其楔形面与楔形调整块接触，其轴向运动受到限位。在此之后，调节螺母131在调节轴丝杆152的带动下继续向外侧运动，调节螺母131与锥齿滑套132的端齿面开始分离，当继续运动一个端齿啮合高度N后，端齿完全分离，调节螺母131的周向运动约束解除，在调节弹簧133的作用下开始发生间歇性旋转，从而使得调节轴丝杆152相对调节螺母131向外伸出。制动缸排气后，在缓解弹簧199的作用下，活塞向内侧运动，间隙调节模块、引导阻调模块和调节轴模块将整体随之向内侧运动，方键198也向内侧运动。 由于在充气过程中，活塞的行程大于方键198的行程，因此，在复位过程中，当方键198受到方键槽内侧端面的轴向限位后，间隙调节模块将停止轴向移动，在调节螺母131和调节轴丝杆152螺纹配合的作用下，调节轴也无法继续轴向移动。而活塞将带动引导阻调器模块继续向内侧移动，在引导螺母143和调节轴丝杆152螺纹配合的作用下，引导螺母143将压缩引导弹簧144，引导螺母143与锥套145的端齿将发生分离，锥套145对引导螺母143的转动限位解除，在引导弹簧144的作用下，引导螺母143将发生间歇性转动，从而使引导螺母143相对调节轴丝杆152发生轴向相对位移，并使得引导阻调模块实现向内侧的完全复位。在制动缸充排气动作前后，由于调节轴相对间隙调节模块和引导阻调模块发生了轴向相对位移，即也相对活塞模块向外伸出，使得动作前后制动缸的长度伸长，反应到制动夹钳的闸片端其双侧间距变小，盘片间隙减小，即发生了间隙调整动作。
若楔形调整块115的安装高度为H1时，方键198的最大无调整行程为S1；当楔形调整块115的安装高度增加ΔH后，方键198的最大无调整行程也将随之增加ΔS，且ΔS＝ΔH/tan(a)，其中a为方键198和楔形调整块115楔形面与水平面的夹角。而调整后的制动夹钳缓解间隙则增加了ΔSp＝ΔS/i＝ΔH/(tan(a)×i)的双侧距离。因而，采用本发明可以在不更换任何零部件的情况下，实现制动缸最大无调整行程的可调。即可实现制动夹钳的闸片与制动盘之间缓解间隙值的可调。
此外，方键118和楔形调整块115的楔形面应采用附图所示的楔形面配合方式，即在方键198楔形面与楔形调整块115楔形面接触后，方键198对楔形调整块115的作用力方向为沿楔形面斜向上，此时在调节螺钉118的拉力作用下，可实现对楔形调整块115的精确限位。
其中，图8示出了由缸体模块、活塞模块、间隙调整模块、引导阻调模块以及调节轴模块构成的制动缸的分解示意图。图9示出了图1中引导阻调模块的立体图。图10为根据图9示出的引导阻调模块的剖视图。图11为图1中间隙调整模块的立体图。图12为根据图11示出的间隙调整模块的剖视图。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种制动缸间隙调整机构，包括相互固连的缸体(111)、缸盖(112)和缸盖管(113)，所述缸盖管内腔嵌套有与之形成轴向移动副的活塞管(122)，所述活塞管的内端与位于缸体内的活塞(121)轴向固连，所述缸盖管与活塞之间装有缓解弹簧(199)；所述活塞管的外端与管状的引导阻调器本体(141)固连，所述缸盖管(113)上轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块(115)安装槽；所述引导阻调器本体内安装有端面啮合的锥套(145)及引导螺母(143)，所述锥套和引导螺母远离啮合的一端分别抵靠于阻调弹簧(147)和引导弹簧(144)；所述引导螺母的内孔装有内端与调节螺母(131)旋合的调节丝杆轴(152)，所述调节螺母外装有端面与之可啮合的锥齿滑套(132)；所述锥齿滑套的外圆与径向延伸出缸盖管上方键槽的方键(198)固连，所述缸盖管的楔形调整块安装槽装有径向位置可调的楔形调整块(115)，所述方键和楔形调整块的相邻端分别具有外楔形面和内楔形面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述缸盖管通过螺纹与缸盖连接，且沿轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块安装槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述缸盖管的楔形调整块安装槽和楔形调整块上的匹配位置开有若干个导向销安装孔与调节螺钉安装孔，所述楔形调整块通过导向销和调节螺钉安装在缸盖管上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述楔形调整块与缸盖管的楔形调整块安装槽的接触面上，安装有波形弹簧。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述活塞管上沿轴向开有键槽，所述键槽周向分布位置及槽宽与缸盖管上方键槽相匹配。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述活塞管外侧沿轴向安装有缓解弹簧，所述缓解弹簧一端与活塞内侧接触、另一端与缸盖管端部接触。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述调节螺母外圆面安装调节弹簧，所述调节弹簧一端与调节弹簧挡圈端面接触、另一端与调节弹簧轴承接触。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述调节螺母前段周向具有与锥齿滑套端齿匹配的端齿。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述引导阻调器本体一端阶梯外圆柱面上具有将引导阻调器模块安装于活塞管上的螺纹、另一端内圆柱面上具有安装引导阻调器端盖的螺纹。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述引导螺母安装在引导阻调器端盖内，其内孔具有与丝杆螺纹相配合的梯形螺纹。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述引导螺母与引导阻调器端盖之间，沿轴向分别安装引导螺母轴承和引导弹簧；所述引导螺母轴承的端面由引导 螺母阶梯面限位，所述引导弹簧一端与引导螺母轴承接触、另一端与引导阻调器端盖内侧端面接触。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述引导螺母一端有与锥套上端齿匹配的周向端齿，所述锥套周向上分布有将其嵌套在引导阻调器端盖内孔相应键槽内的导向键。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述引导阻调器本体的内孔壁一侧阶梯面处安装阻调垫片，所述阻调垫片内孔壁处周向具有与调节螺母上相应键槽配合的键。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述阻调弹簧安装在引导阻调器本体内孔壁另一阶梯面与锥套的阶梯面之间。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于：所述阻调弹簧的弹力大于引导弹簧的弹力。
  16. 一种制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述制动缸间隙调整机构包括：
    缸体模块，所述缸体模块包括沿轴向开设的限位槽和位置调整组件；
    活塞模块，可移动地设置在所述缸体模块内，且与所述缸体模块形成轴向移动副；
    调节丝杆轴(152)，所述调节丝杆轴(152)的一端穿设在所述活塞模块内，所述调节丝杆轴(152)的另一端位于所述缸体模块外侧；
    间隙调整模块，所述间隙调整模块具有限位部，所述限位部设置在所述限位槽内，所述间隙调整模块用于调整所述调节丝杆轴(152)和所述缸体模块之间的相对位置，所述位置调整组件位置可调地设置在所述缸体模块上，所述位置调整组件用于调整/限制所述限位部在所述限位槽内的轴向位移。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述位置调整组件包括楔形调整块(115)，所述楔形调整块(115)径向可调地设置在所述缸体模块上，所述限位部和所述楔形调整块(115)的相邻端分别具有外楔形面和内楔形面。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述缸体模块包括沿轴向开设的用于容纳所述限位部的方键槽和用于容纳所述楔形调整块(115)的楔形调整块安装槽，所述方键槽形成所述限位槽。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述楔形调整块安装槽和楔形调整块(115)相对应的匹配位置处分别开有若干个导向销安装孔与调节螺钉安装孔，所述楔形调整块(115)通过导向销(116)和调节螺钉(118)安装在所述缸体模块上。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述楔形调整块(115)与所述楔形调整块安装槽相对应的匹配位置处还设置有波形弹簧(117)。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述楔形调整块(115)设置有容纳所述波形弹簧(117)的凹槽。
  22. 根据权利要求17至21中任一项所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述缸体模块还包括相互固连的缸体(111)、缸盖(112)和缸盖管(113)。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述缸盖管(113)通过螺纹与所述缸盖(112)连接，且沿轴向开有方键槽和楔形调整块安装槽。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述活塞模块包括活塞(121)和活塞管(122)，所述活塞管(122)设置在所述缸盖管(113)内腔并与所述缸盖管(113)形成轴向移动副，所述活塞管(122)的内端与位于所述缸体(111)内的活塞(121)轴向固连。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述活塞管(122)上沿轴向开有键槽，所述键槽周向分布位置及槽宽与所述缸盖管(113)上方键槽相匹配，所述缸盖管(113)与所述活塞(121)之间装有缓解弹簧(199)。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述缓解弹簧(199)轴向安装在所述活塞管(122)外侧，所述缓解弹簧(199)一端与所述活塞(121)内侧接触，另一端与所述缸盖管(113)端部接触。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述限位部径向延伸穿过所述活塞管(122)上设置的键槽，并位于所述限位槽中。
  28. 根据权利要求23所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述间隙调整模块包括：
    调节螺母(131)，所述调节螺母(131)的内孔通过梯形螺纹与所述调节丝杆轴(152)螺纹相配合；
    锥齿滑套(132)，所述锥齿滑套(132)套设在所述调节螺母(131)的外圆面上，所述锥齿滑套(132)的端齿与所述调节螺母(131)的端齿配合限位，所述锥齿滑套(132)的外圆与径向延伸至缸盖管(113)方键槽中的方键(198)固连，所述方键(198)形成所述限位部。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述调节螺母(131)外圆面安装调节弹簧(133)，所述调节弹簧(133)一端与调节弹簧挡圈(135)端面接触，另一端与调节弹簧轴承(134)接触，所述调节螺母(131)前段周向具有与所述锥齿滑套(132)端齿匹配的端齿。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述调节弹簧挡圈(135)通过钢丝或卡簧限位安装在所述调节螺母(131)的靠近活塞一端的外圆面上，所述调节弹簧轴承(134)安装在所述调节螺母(131)和所述锥齿滑套(132)之间，并由所述锥齿滑套(132)上的阶梯孔端面进行轴向限位。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述调节螺母(131)和所述调节丝杆轴(152)上均设置有梯形螺纹，所述调节螺母(131)和所述调节丝杆轴(152)通过所述梯形螺纹连接在一起。
  32. 一种制动缸，包括制动缸间隙调整机构，其特征在于，所述制动缸间隙调整机构为权利要求16至31中任一项所述的制动缸间隙调整机构。
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