Classifications

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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
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  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
  • C08F283/006—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00
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  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
  • C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/0838—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds
  • C08G18/0842—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
  • C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/36—Hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
  • C08G18/4816—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature mixtures of two or more polyetherpolyols having at least three hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
  • C08G18/5021—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
  • C08G18/5054—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring
  • C08G18/506—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring containing two nitrogen atoms in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6696—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/36 or hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids of C08G18/38
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
  • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J151/08—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09J175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09J175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09J175/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
  • C08G18/227—Catalysts containing metal compounds of antimony, bismuth or arsenic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
  • C08G18/24—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to processes for preparing a polyurethane material comprising (a) diisocyanates and / or polyisocyanates, (b) compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, (c) compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon compound.
• Double bond (d) optionally urethan reaction accelerating catalyst, (e) optionally radical initiator and (f) optionally other auxiliaries and additives mixed to a reaction mixture and cured, wherein the compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms on average at least 1, 5 to isocyanate-reactive Have hydrogen groups per molecule, the double bond density of the compound (c) is at least 21% and the double bond functionality of the compound (c) is greater than 1 and the compound (c) has no isocyanate-reactive groups and the equivalence ver Ratio of isocyanate groups of di- and / or polyisocyanates (a) and the isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms of the compounds (b) is 0.8 to 2.
• the present invention relates to a polyurethane material obtainable by a process according to the invention and to the use of the polyurethane material, in particular a polyurethane fiber composite material as structural components.
• Polyurethane materials can be used many times, but are often characterized by improved performance at high temperatures.
• Polyurethane fiber composites are known and commonly obtained by pultrusion, fiber winding or impregnation techniques such as vacuum infusion. The resulting fiber composite materials are characterized by a relatively low weight of material with high hardness and rigidity, high corrosion resistance and good processability.
• Polyurethane fiber composite materials are used, for example, as exterior body parts in vehicle construction, as boat hulls, masts, for example as electricity pylons or telegraph poles, or rotor blades for wind power plants.
• Improvement is the preservation of good material properties at higher temperatures. For this purpose, an attempt is made to increase the glass transition temperature of the polyurethane fiber composite material. Also for the painting process in the automotive industry, the cathodic dip painting process materials with a high temperature resistance are needed.
• No. 4,162,357 discloses a process for preparing heat-resistant synthetic resins, polyisocyanates having a trimerization catalyst and at least one of a polymerizable, unsaturated monomer, organic epoxides and 0.05 to 0.5 equivalents, based on the isocyanate groups of compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• WO 2008/1 19973, WO 2015155195 and WO2016087366 describe the reaction of higher-functionality polyisocyanates with compounds which contain, with a hydroxyl group, an isocyanate-reactive group and at least one terminal double bond. The isocyanates are reacted with this compound to form a viscous liquid, which is subsequently polymerized by the double bond, if appropriate in the presence of further
• Double bonds containing compounds such as styrene, polymerized to the solid resin Double bonds containing compounds such as styrene, polymerized to the solid resin.
• a disadvantage of the processes of the prior art is that a complicated, two-stage preparation process is necessary, and in particular the compounds which have both double bonds and isocyanate-reactive groups are industrially less common and relatively expensive. Furthermore, owing to the monol character, no large molecular weights are built up by the isocyanate monool reaction and no crosslinked polyurethanes are obtained, which results in poorer mechanical properties of the products obtained.
• the object of the present invention was to provide a simple process for improving the mechanical properties of polyurethane at high temperatures and thus to make available polyurethanes which can be used, for example, in the cathodic dip-coating process.
• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polyurethane material in which (a) di- and / or polyisocyanates, (b) compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, (c) compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (d) optionally the urethane reaction accelerating catalyst, (e) optionally radical initiator and (f) optionally other auxiliaries and additives mixed to a reaction mixture and cured, wherein the compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms on average at least 1, 5 to isocyanate having reactive hydrogen groups per molecule, the double bond density of the compound (c) is at least 21% and the double bond functionality of the compound (c) is greater than 1 and the compound (c) has no isocyanate-reactive groups and the equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups of di- and / or polyisocyanate e (a) and the isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms of the compounds (b) is 0.8 to 2.
• Polyurethane in the context of the invention comprises all known polyisocyanate polyaddition products. These include isocyanate and alcohol addition products, as well as modified polyurethanes which may contain isocyanurate, allophanate, urea, carbodiimide, uretonimine, biuret, and other isocyanate addition products. These polyurethanes according to the invention in particular comprise solid polyisocyanate polyaddition products, such as duromers, and foams based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, in particular rigid polyurethane foams, and polyurethane coatings.
• the polyurethane is a solid polyurethane having a density of preferably more than 850 g / L, preferably 900 to 1400 g / L and particularly preferably 1000 to 1300 g / L.
• a solid polyurethane is obtained without the addition of a blowing agent.
• blowing agent for example water, which is contained in the polyols as a result of the preparation, are not to be understood as blowing agent addition in the context of the present invention.
• the reaction mixture for producing the compact polyurethane contains less than 0.2 wt .-%, more preferably less than 0.1 wt .-% and in particular less than 0.05 wt .-% water.
• the massive polyurethane preferably contains fillers, in particular fibrous fillers. Suitable fillers are described under (e).
• di- or polyisocyanates it is possible to use all aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic isocyanates known for the preparation of polyurethanes and also any mixtures thereof.
• examples are 2,2 ' -, 2,4 ' - and 4,4 ' -Diphenylmethandiisocyanat, the mixtures of monomeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates and higher nuclear homologues of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (polymer-MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or its Oligome- re, 2,4 or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) or mixtures thereof, tetramethylene diisocyanate or its oligomers, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or its oligomers, naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI) or mixtures thereof.
• polymer-MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• di- or polyisocyanates areocyanates based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate, for example 2,4'-MDI, 4,4'-MDI, higher-nuclear homologues of MDI or mixtures of at least two of these components, in particular polymeric MDI.
• the di- and polyisocyanates (a) have a functionality of from 2.0 to 2.9, more preferably from 2.1 to 2.8.
• the viscosity of the di- or polyisocyanates (a) at 25 ° C. according to DIN 53019-1 to 3 is preferably between 5 and 600 mPas and particularly preferably between 10 and 300 mPas.
• Diisocyanates and polyisocyanates (a) can also be used in the form of polyisocyanate prepolymers.
• These polyisocyanate prepolymers are obtainable by excessing the above-described polyisocyanates (component (a-1)), for example at temperatures of 30 to 100 ° C, preferably at about 80 ° C, with compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups (component (a -2)), are converted to the prepolymer.
• the NCO content of polyisocyanate prepolymers of the invention is preferably from 20 to 33% by weight of NCO, particularly preferably from 25 to 32% by weight of NCO.
• polyether or polyesterols such as those described below under (b) can be used.
• polyether or polyesterols containing secondary OH groups used, such as polypropylene oxide.
• the polyether or polyesterols preferably have a functionality of 2 to 4, particularly preferably 2 to 3 and a content of secondary OH groups of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% and in particular at least 85%.
• isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms per molecule As compounds having an average of at least 1, 5 isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms per molecule (b), all compounds known in polyurethane chemistry can be used with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms. These have an average functionality of at least 1, 5, preferably 1, 7 to 8, particularly preferably 1, 9 to 6 and in particular 2 to 4. These include ketenverofficerer and crosslinking agent having an OH functionality of 2 to 6, and a molecular weight of less than 300 g / mol, preferably a functionality of 2 to 4 and particularly preferably from 2 to 3 and polymeric compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and a Molecular weight of 300 g / mol and greater.
• Chain extenders are molecules having two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, and molecules having more than two isocyanate-reactive hydrogens are referred to as crosslinkers. These can be used individually or preferably in the form of mixtures. Preference is given to using diamines, diols and / or triols having molecular weights of less than 300 g / mol, particularly preferably from 62 g / mol to less than 300 g / mol and in particular from 62 g / mol to 250 g / mol.
• Suitable examples include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or araliphatic or aromatic diamines and diols having 2 to 14, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as diethyltoluenediamine (DEDTA), m-phenylenediamines, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1 , 3-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol and bis (2-hydroxyethyl) hydroquinone (HQEE), 1, 2, 1, 3 -, 1, 4-dihydroxycyclohexane, bisphenol A bis (hydroxyethyl ether), diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triols such as 1, 2,4-, 1, 3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane, glycerol and trimethylolpropane, diethanolamine
• crosslinkers it is particularly preferred to use low molecular weight hydroxyl-containing polyalkylene oxides based on ethylene and / or 1,2-propylene oxide, particularly preferably 1,2-propylene, and trifunctional starters, in particular glycerol and trimethylolpropane.
• Particularly preferred chain extenders are ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butadiol, diethylene glycol, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) hydroquinone and dipropylene glycol.
• the proportion of chain extenders and / or crosslinkers (e) is usually 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total weight of components (a) to (e).
• Polymeric compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms preferably have a number-average molecular weight of 400 to 15,000 g / mol.
• compounds selected from the group of polyether polyols, polyester polyols or mixtures thereof can be used.
• Polyetherols are prepared, for example, from epoxides such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide, or from tetrahydrofuran with hydrogen-starter compounds such as aliphatic alcohols, phenols, amines, carboxylic acids, water or natural-based compounds such as sucrose, sorbitol or mannitol, using a catalyst ,
• hydrogen-starter compounds such as aliphatic alcohols, phenols, amines, carboxylic acids, water or natural-based compounds such as sucrose, sorbitol or mannitol
• basic catalysts or Doppelmetallcyanidkatalysatoren such as in
• Polyesterols are e.g. prepared from aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols, polythioether polyols, polyester amides, hydroxyl-containing polyacetals and / or hydroxyl-containing aliphatic polycarbonates, preferably in the presence of an esterification catalyst. Further possible polyols are given, for example, in "Kunststoffhandbuch, Volume 7, Polyurethanes", Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition 1993, Chapter 3.1.
• the polymeric compounds preferably contain compounds having hydrophobic groups with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms. Particularly preferred are hydroxyl-functionalized compounds having hydrophobic groups. Such hydrophobic groups have hydrocarbon groups of preferably greater than 6, more preferably greater than 8 and less than 100, and most preferably greater than 10 and less than 50 carbon atoms.
• the hydroxyl-functionalized hydrophobic compound used is preferably a hydroxyl-functionalized oleochemical compound, a fat-chemical polyol. A number of hydroxyl functional oleochemical compounds are known that can be used.
• Examples are castor oil, hydroxyl group-modified oils such as grapeseed oil, black caraway oil, pumpkin seed oil, borage seed oil, soybean oil, wheat germ oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, apricot kernel oil, pistachio kernel oil, almond oil, olive oil, macadamia nut oil, avocado oil, sea buckthorn oil, sesame oil, hazelnut oil, evening primrose oil, wild rose oil , Hemp oil, thistle oil, walnut oil, hydroxyl-modified fatty acid esters based on myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, petroselinic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, arachidonic acid, timnodonic acid, clupanodonic acid, cervic acid.
• castor oil hydroxyl group-modified oils
• the castor oil and its reaction products with alkylene oxides or ketone-formaldehyde resins are preferably used here.
• the latter compounds are sold, for example, by Bayer AG under the name Desmophen ® 1150.
• a further preferred group of oleochemical polyols can be obtained by ring opening of epoxidized fatty acid esters with simultaneous reaction with alcohols and optionally following further transesterification reactions. The incorporation of hydroxyl groups in oils and fats is carried out mainly by
• Epoxidation of the olefinic double bond contained in these products followed by reaction of the epoxide groups formed with a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol.
• the epoxy ring becomes a hydroxyl group or, in the case of polyhydric alcohols, a structure with a higher number of OH groups.
• oils and fats are usually glycerol esters, parallel transesterification reactions take place in the reactions mentioned above.
• the compounds thus obtained preferably have a molecular weight in the range between 500 and 1500 g / mol.
• Such products are offered for example by the company Cognis and Altropol.
• compounds (c) containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond preferably at least one terminal carbon-carbon double bond
• compounds containing one or more vinyl groups can be used.
• the compounds (c) contain no isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• Typical compounds (c) are, for example, butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, vinyl acrylates, vinyl methacrylate, methoxybutadiene, dipropylene glycol diacrylate , Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polybutadiene.
• the double bond functionality of the compound (c) is greater than 1, for example 2 or 3. If several compounds (c) are used, the double bond density results from the number average of the components used.
• Preferred ethylenically unsaturated monomer is trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
• customary polyurethane catalysts can be used as catalysts (d). These strongly accelerate the reaction of the compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms (b) with the di- and polyisocyanates (a).
• customary catalysts which can be used for the preparation of the polyurethanes are amidines, such as 2,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethyl benzylamine, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethylethylenediamine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethylbutanediamine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ 'Tetramethylhexanediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetramethyldiaminoethylether,
• organic metal compounds preferably organic tin compounds, such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, for example tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the dialkyltin (IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, for example dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and dioctyltin diacetate, as well as bismuth carboxylates such as bismuth (III) neodecanoate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate and Bismuth octanoate or mixtures thereof.
• the organic metal compounds can be used alone or preferably in combination with strongly basic amines. When component (b) is an ester, it is preferred to use only amine catalysts.
• Catalysts (d) can be used, for example, in a concentration of 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 2% by weight, as catalyst or catalyst combination, based on the weight of component (b).
• the double bonds of component (c) can be radically polymerized during the polyurethane reaction of components (a) and (b) or in a step subsequent to the polyurethane reaction.
• the crosslinking of the double bonds of the polyurethane material according to the invention can be carried out by conventional radical starter (s), such as peroxides or AIBN.
• radical starter such as peroxides or AIBN.
• crosslinking can also take place by irradiation with high-energy radiation, for example UV light, electron beams or .beta. Or .gamma. Radiation.
• Another possibility for crosslinking is thermal crosslinking at temperatures of greater than 150 ° C., preferably greater than 180 ° C., in the presence of oxygen.
• the crosslinking of the double bonds by conventional radical starter or by irradiation with high-energy radiation, particularly preferably by conventional free-radical initiators.
• auxiliaries and / or additives can be used.
• all known for the production of polyurethanes auxiliaries and additives can be used. Mention may be made, for example, of surface-active substances, blowing agents, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, release agents, fillers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, hydrolysis protectants, fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances. Such substances are known and described, for example, in "Kunststoffhandbuch, Volume 7, Polyurethanes", Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition 1993, Chapter 3.4.4 and 3.4.6 to 3.4.1 1.
• the polyurethane material according to the invention preferably contains substantially no compounds containing epoxide groups. This means that the proportion of compounds containing epoxide groups, based on the total weight of the components (a) to (f) is less than 1 wt .-%, more preferably less than 0.1 wt .-%.
• the di and / or polyisocyanates (a), the compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms (b) and, if used, further compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, such as blowing agents, in such amounts Implemented that the equivalence ratio of NCO groups of the polyisocyanates (a) to the sum of the isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms of the other components 0.8 to 2, preferably 0.9 to 1, 2 and particularly preferably 0.95 to 1, 1 is.
• a ratio of 1: 1 corresponds to an isocyanate index of 100.
• the cured polyurethane material according to the invention is obtained in one step.
• “in one step” means that all the components for producing the shaped bodies (a) to (c) and, if present, (d) to (f) are mixed before starting the reaction, and the reaction is then carried out without obtaining a cured polyurethane material the addition of further compounds and in particular without the addition of further compounds which contain isocyanate-reactive groups takes place.
• the cured polyurethane material according to the invention is a solid.
• the shore hardener according to DIN EN ISO 868 is greater than 10 shore A, preferably greater than 30 shore A and in particular greater than 50 shore A.
• the cured polyurethane material according to the invention has a high notched impact strength according to DIN EN ISO 179-1 according to Charpy of preferably greater than 10 kJ / m 2 , more preferably greater than 20 kJ / m 2 and in particular greater than 30 kJ / m 2 .
• a cured polyurethane material according to the invention is intended to be independent of the crosslinking reaction of the double bonds of component (c), ie as soon as the shore hardness is reached, the definition of the cured polyurethane material is reached, regardless of whether all double bonds, one part the double bonds or no double bonds have reacted with each other. Usually, the hardness further increases when the crosslinking reaction of the double bond has occurred.
• the specific starting substances (a) to (g) for the preparation of polyurethanes according to the invention differ in each case quantitatively and qualitatively only slightly if a thermoplastic polyurethane, a rigid foam or a thermoset is to be produced as polyurethane according to the invention.
• thermoplastic polyurethane For example, no propellants are used for the production of solid polyurethanes and predominantly strictly difunctional starting substances are used for thermoplastic polyurethane.
• Next can be, for example, on the functionality and the chain length of the higher molecular weight compound with at least two reactive hydrogen atoms vary the elasticity and hardness of the polyurethane according to the invention. Such modifications are known to the person skilled in the art.
• the educts for the production of a solid polyurethane are described, for example, in EP 0989146 or EP 1460094 and the educts for the production of a rigid foam in
• a polyurethane obtainable by a process according to the invention is also the subject of the invention.
• the polyurethane material of the invention is a polyurethane fiber composite material.
• fibers are wetted with the reaction mixture and then cured to polyurethane fiber composite material.
• the fibers there are preferably used glass fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers, natural fibers such as cellulose fibers, aramid fibers, nylon fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, cylon fibers (poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), silicon carbide fibers, asbestos fibers, metal fibers and combinations thereof
• These fibers include, but are not limited to, the fiber winding method, the pultrusion method, the hand lamination method and the infusion method such as the vacuum infusion method.
• the polyurethane materials according to the invention in particular the polyurethane fiber composite materials according to the invention, show improved heat resistance, increased glass transition temperature, very good resistance to water and hydrophobic liquids and very good endurance properties.
• polyurethane fiber composite materials according to the invention for example, as adhesives, especially for thermally stressed areas, structural components, such as body exterior parts in vehicle construction, such as fenders, boat hulls, hot water tanks, for example in the home, as parts of electric motors, masts, such as electricity pylons or Telephone poles, insulators and other components in the field of high voltage engineering, rotor blades for wind turbines or as pipes, for example, fiber-reinforced pipelines for the oil and gas industry, are used.
• the polyurethane materials according to the invention are suitable for use in cathodic dip coating, which is used in particular in the automotive industry.
• Polyol 1 castor oil
• Polyol 2 Glycerol-started polypropylene oxide having a functionality of 3.0 and an OH number of 805 mg KOH / g
• Polyol 3 sucrose and diethylene glycol co-initiated polypropylene oxide / polyethylene oxide with
• TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate, double bond density 26.35
• Polyol 5 dipropylene glycol
• DPGDA dipropylene glycol diacrylate, double bond density 21, 5
• the polyurethanes of the invention exhibit a significantly increased glass transition temperature and improved heat resistance of the polyurethane material of the invention over the comparison material without a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, the table shows that a high double bond density compared to DPGDA leads to significantly increased glass transition temperatures.

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