WO2018036536A1 - 1000mw超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉 - Google Patents
1000mw超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018036536A1 WO2018036536A1 PCT/CN2017/098779 CN2017098779W WO2018036536A1 WO 2018036536 A1 WO2018036536 A1 WO 2018036536A1 CN 2017098779 W CN2017098779 W CN 2017098779W WO 2018036536 A1 WO2018036536 A1 WO 2018036536A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, in particular to a super-supercritical parameter circulating fluidized bed boiler of 1000 MW class.
- Circulating fluidized bed combustion technology is widely used worldwide due to its advantages in energy saving, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of ash and slag.
- a total of 10 supercritical circulating fluidized bed boilers have been put into operation worldwide, and circulating fluidized bed combustion technology has entered the supercritical era.
- China's energy requirements for active and new coal-fired units are constantly increasing.
- the State Council decided to advance the energy-saving and emission reduction tasks originally planned for the eastern and central regions by 2020.
- the state's requirements for upgrading and improving coal-fired units have reached unprecedented heights. Therefore, circulating fluidized bed boilers are also inevitably moving toward higher parameters, larger capacity ultra-supercritical, high-efficiency ultra-supercritical, with secondary reheat and even 700 °C parameters.
- Ultra-supercritical parameters generally refer to steam with a pressure exceeding 25 MPa and a temperature exceeding 580 °C.
- the theoretical calculation results show that when the steam temperature reaches 600 °C and the steam pressure reaches 26 MPa, the efficiency of an intermediate reheat unit can reach 47.99%, which is far superior to the unit efficiency of only 37% subcritical, and is also superior to the conventional supercritical unit. .
- the patent-circulating fluidized bed boiler (ZL201110031308.9) gives a new idea, that is, the furnace with annular section can effectively solve the problem of increasing boiler capacity and further enlargement of the furnace.
- this patent does not give the key constraint parameters and specific schemes for the 1000MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler, so its idea can not directly guide the development of 1000MW ultra-supercritical boiler.
- the patent-ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler (ZL201520506361.3) gives a circulating fluidized bed boiler scheme with a three-stage reheater arrangement.
- this technology is mainly for the super-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler of 660 MW class, and the boiler capacity is much less than 1000 MW.
- the unit efficiency will be reduced. Therefore, this solution is not the most ideal solution for the ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler.
- combustion characteristics and heat transfer characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed also determine that the furnace section is larger than the pulverized coal boiler, and the external circulation circuit is provided, so that the entire boiler area is much larger than the pulverized coal boiler. Therefore, how to make a more compact arrangement to reduce the floor space is also a problem to be considered.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a 1000 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler overall arrangement scheme, and realize a 1000 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with different steam parameters and different fuels.
- a 1000MW ultra-supercritical parameter circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a furnace, a cyclone, and a riser and a return device connected to the solid phase outlet of the cyclone and the furnace, the cyclone from the upper column section and the lower cone
- the composition of the segment, the furnace is surrounded by the surrounding water wall, and also includes the separator outlet horizontal flue, the separator outlet flue to the tail shaft connecting flue and the tail shaft along the flue gas flow direction;
- the furnace adopts a single furnace multi-disc wind plate or ring Furnace ring air distribution plate structure, wherein the number of air distribution plates of single furnace multi-winding board is n ⁇ 2; the ratio of the returning device to the height of the bottom of the furnace return to the height H of the separator and the total height h of the separator H/h ⁇ 2; the number of cyclones is not less than 8 and is divided into 2 groups symmetrically arranged around the center of the furnace or axisymmetric along the axis of symmetry of the furnace.
- a circulating gray heat recovery pipeline is arranged between each of the material returning devices and the furnace, and an external heat exchanger is arranged on the circulating gray heat recovery pipeline, and the returning device is at the height of the bottom of the furnace to the top of the furnace
- the low point of H is the lowest point of its circulating grey heat recovery line in the return port of the furnace.
- the two side walls in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the main flow of the gas-solid two-phase fluid in the outer heat exchanger are provided with disturbing wind.
- the cross-sectional areas of the external heat exchanger internal chambers along the flow direction of the gas-solid two-phase fluid main flow are not completely equal.
- the outer heat exchanger has a concave-convex structure formed on both side walls in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the main flow of the gas-solid two-phase fluid.
- a superheater and a reheater are arranged in the tail shaft, a part of the reheater is arranged in the highest smoke temperature zone, and the heated surface of the reheater directly crosses the superheater, forming the superheater nested around the reheater The structure inside the device.
- the separator outlet horizontal flue, the separator exit flue to the tail shaft connection flue are membrane wall structures.
- the tail shafts are provided with side-by-side double flue ducts, and each flue is provided with a heating surface.
- the core parameters of the 1000 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler are the main parameters of the main circulation loop, which are reflected in the heating surface layout of different regions and the different gas-solid flow and heat transfer characteristics and the heat release law of the fuel. Matching relationship. Therefore, in order to further enlarge the circulating fluidized bed boiler and successfully realize the super-supercritical parameters of 1000 MW class, it is necessary to solve the matching problem between the gas-solid flow characteristics, heat transfer characteristics and fuel heat release law of the main circulation loop.
- Separator diameter is an important parameter affecting the performance of the separator.
- the 1000MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler will have much more flue gas than any existing circulating fluidized bed boiler. If the separator diameter is further increased, The centrifugal force generated on the fine particles is insufficient, which reduces the centrifugal separation efficiency. While the separator diameter is reduced, more separators need to be arranged. The more separators, the more sensitive it is to the gas-solid flow in the furnace, which introduces the problem of gas-solid flow uniformity of multiple parallel separators.
- the number of separators needs to be more than 8 to meet the demand of 1000 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler flue gas.
- the separator should be arranged symmetrically around the center of the furnace or axially symmetric along the axis of symmetry of the furnace.
- the total height of the separator is also a key factor affecting the efficiency of the separator.
- the total height is too small, which tends to cause secondary entrainment of the particles that have been separated, which will greatly reduce the separation efficiency, and the total height will be too large. Compressing the arrangement space of other external circulation loops also increases the separator resistance.
- the riser pressure drop is the main driving force for the flow of particles in the outer circulation loop. Together with the pressure drop of the returning device, it forms a seal to prevent the flue gas from colliding from the return loop.
- the pressure drop of the riser needs to be balanced with the pressure drop of the returning device, the pressure drop of the returning device between the return port of the furnace and the outlet of the furnace, and the pressure drop of the separator.
- the boiler load changes, for example, when the load increases, more bed material will be thrown into the upper area of the furnace to increase the particle concentration in the area. At this time, in order to balance this pressure change, the riser pressure drop is also Will increase accordingly.
- the patent connects the connecting flue interface of the separator outlet flue to the tail shaft not at the end side of the flue, thereby saving the distance from the furnace to the tail shaft and making the flow field more uniform.
- the above-mentioned flue can adopt a membrane wall structure.
- the single-furnace single-panel wind plate structure can not meet the 1000MW capacity secondary wind penetration and gas-solid flow field uniformity problem, and the single furnace multi-block air distribution plate structure effectively solves the above problems; for the ring furnace, its It has two inner and outer wall surfaces, which provides enough space for the installation and connection of the additional water wall and the screen heating surface.
- the part of the rear flue reheater is placed in the highest smoke temperature zone. Then, the heated surface of the reheater of the stage can directly cross the superheater to form a nested structure of the superheater and the reheater.
- the structure can achieve the low heat load (such as 40% THA condition) without increasing the working fluid resistance, and the reheat steam temperature still reaches the rated value, which improves the economical operation of the unit with low load operation.
- the circulating fluidized bed also has a heat exchange source of high temperature circulating ash, so that an external heat exchanger can be arranged.
- it also has high requirements for design, manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance.
- there is a certain thermal deviation in the working fluid of the external heat exchanger which will compress the wall material safety margin of the metal material.
- this problem is not outstanding, but to achieve high-efficiency ultra-supercritical parameters of 623 °C, the existing steel wall temperature safety margin of boilers is very small, and the boiler will face the risk of over-temperature operation. .
- Embodiment 1 is a schematic top plan view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic top plan view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic left structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic front view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a top plan view showing the outer heat exchanger according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a schematic structural view showing a nesting arrangement of superheaters in a rear shaft according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic top plan view of an external heat exchanger according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of particle velocity distribution based on computational particle hydrodynamics
- Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of randomly selected different heights in the main flow direction
- Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the particle velocity distribution of section a in Figure 10;
- Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of the particle velocity distribution of section d in Figure 10.
- this embodiment is a 1000 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising a furnace 1, a cyclone separator 2, a riser 3, a returning device 4, and a separator outlet horizontal flue 5 a flue-to-tail shaft connecting flue 6 and a tail shaft 7 of the separator, the cyclone 2 consisting of an upper column section 21 and a lower cone section 22, and the tail shaft 7 is provided with side-by-side double flues (eg In the A and B flue pipes shown in Fig. 2, heat receiving surfaces are respectively provided in each flue.
- the ratio H/h of the return device from the return port of the furnace to the height H of the furnace and the total height h of the separator is 2.1.
- the conventional ultra-super steam parameters of the boiler evaporation amount of 3110 t/h and the main steam pressure of 26.25 MPa can be realized.
- the evaporation amount is large, the boiler is burned with lignite, the total moisture is about 40%, and the smoke volume is relatively high. Big.
- the furnace 1 adopts an annular furnace annular air distribution plate structure, and according to the smoke amount and the fuel ash particle size distribution characteristics, 10 cyclones 2 are arranged, and the cyclone separator 2 is arranged symmetrically around the center of the furnace.
- the symmetrically arranged cyclone separators 2 are divided into two groups, each group of five separators sharing a separator outlet horizontal flue 5, and the interface of the connecting flue 6 at the separator outlet horizontal flue 5 is located at the separator outlet horizontal smoke.
- the middle area of the track 5 saves the distance between the separator and the tail shaft.
- the separator outlet horizontal flue 5 and the connecting flue 6 adopt a membrane wall structure, which is beneficial to reduce heat loss.
- this embodiment is a 1000 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising a furnace 1, a cyclone separator 2, a riser 3, a returning device 4, a separator outlet horizontal flue 5,
- the separator outlet flue to the tail shaft connects the flue 6 and the tail shaft 7 and the low temperature reheater 71, the low temperature superheater 72 and other heating surfaces 73 disposed therein, and the cyclone 2 is composed of a column section 21 and a cone section 22. .
- the high-efficiency ultra-supercritical steam parameters of the boiler evaporation amount of 2880 t/h and the main steam pressure of 29.3 MPa can be realized.
- the evaporation amount is small, the boiler is burned with bituminous coal, the water content is low, and the smoke volume is small.
- the furnace 1 adopts a single furnace double-disc wind plate structure, and is equipped with 8 cyclones 2, and the number of cyclones 2 is 8.
- the separator is arranged around the furnace and axially symmetric along the axis of symmetry of the furnace.
- a circulating gray heat recovery pipeline 10 is further disposed between each of the material returning devices 4 and the furnace chamber 1, and an external heat exchanger 9 is disposed on the circulating gray heat recovery pipeline 10, and one external heat exchanger is disposed correspondingly to each of the cyclone separators 2 9.
- the ratio H/h of the returning device from the lower edge of the return port of the furnace to the height H of the top of the furnace and the total height h of the separator is 2.4
- the returning device 4 is at the bottom of the return port of the furnace 1 to
- the low point of the furnace top height H is the lowest point of the circulating gray heat recovery line in the return port of the furnace 1.
- the final stage reheat steam is 623 ° C, so the wall temperature margin left for the existing boiler steel is very small.
- the present scheme adopts two sides on the outer heat exchanger 9 in the direction perpendicular to the main flow direction of the gas-solid two-phase fluid (in the horizontal plane).
- the walls 91 and 92 are provided with disturbing wind, thereby reducing the unevenness of the gas-solid flow in the outer heat exchanger and achieving safe operation of the final reheater. Referring to FIG.
- the gas-solid two-phase fluid is circulated from the cyclone separator 2 through the circulating ash heat recovery line 10 and its external The heat exchanger 9 is returned to the furnace 1, so that the flow direction of the gas-solid two-phase fluid in the outer heat exchanger 9 is from left to right, that is, the direction of the arrow in the figure.
- 6 is a plan view of the outer heat exchanger 9 of FIG. 4, in the horizontal direction of FIG. 4, perpendicular to the direction of the flow direction of the main flow of the gas-solid two-phase fluid (arrow direction), that is, the upper and lower sides in the paper of FIG. direction.
- the low temperature reheater 71 is disposed in the highest temperature range in the tail shaft 7, and at the same time, the low temperature superheater 72 is used to balance the heat absorption share of the low temperature superheater 72 and the reheater working fluid flow resistance.
- the nesting is arranged in the low temperature reheater 71. With this arrangement, the reheat steam temperature of 40% THA can still reach the rated value.
- the present embodiment adopts the external heat exchanger 9 internal chamber along the gas-solid two-phase fluid.
- the cross-sectional areas of the main flow direction are not completely equal.
- the outer heat exchanger 9 has irregularities formed on the two side walls in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the main flow of the gas-solid two-phase fluid (in the horizontal plane). The structure, by which the non-uniformity of the gas-solid flow in the external heat exchanger 9 is reduced, and the safe operation of the final reheater is realized. Referring to FIG.
- FIG. 4 the main flow direction of the gas-solid two-phase fluid in the outer heat exchanger 9 is from left to right, that is, the direction of the arrow in the figure.
- Figure 7 is a plan view of the outer heat exchanger 9 of Figure 4, in the horizontal direction of Figure 4, perpendicular to the direction of the flow direction of the main flow of the gas-solid two-phase fluid (arrow direction), that is, the upper and lower sides of the paper of Figure 6. direction.
- the above is a 1000MW high-efficiency ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler burning low-moisture bituminous coal, the preferred method of less evaporation case.
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Claims (7)
- 一种1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,包括炉膛、旋风分离器,以及连接旋风分离器固相出口和炉膛的立管和回料装置,旋风分离器由上部的柱段和下部的锥段组成,炉膛由四周水冷壁围成,其特征在于:还沿烟气流向依次包括分离器出口水平烟道、分离器出口烟道至尾部竖井连接烟道和尾部竖井;炉膛采用单炉膛多布风板或环形炉膛环形布风板结构,其中单炉膛多布风板的布风板数量n≥2;回料装置在炉膛的返料口下沿至炉顶高度H与分离器总高h之比H/h≥2;旋风分离器数量不少于8台,且分为2组围绕炉膛中心呈中心对称布置或沿炉膛对称轴呈轴对称布置,每组共用一段分离器出口水平烟道,分离器出口烟道至尾部竖井连接烟道在分离器出口水平烟道上的接口不在该段分离器出口水平烟道的端侧。
- 如权利要求1所述的1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于:各回料装置和炉膛之间还设有循环灰热回收管路,循环灰热回收管路上设有外置换热器,此时回料装置在炉膛的返料口下沿至炉顶高度H的低点位置为其循环灰热回收管路在炉膛的返料口中的最低点。
- 如权利要求2所述的1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于:外置换热器上垂直其内气固两相流体主流流动方向的方向上的两侧壁设有扰动风。
- 如权利要求2所述的1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于:外置换热器内部仓室沿气固两相流体主流流动方向的各处截面积不完全相等。
- 如权利要求4所述的1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于:外置换热器上垂直其内气固两相流体主流流动方向的方向上的两侧壁上形成凹凸结构。
- 如权利要求1所述的1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于:尾部竖井内设有过热器和再热器,部分再热器布置在最高烟温区,且该级再热器受热面直接跨过过热器,形成该过热器嵌套于周围再热器内的结构。
- 如权利要求1所述的1000MW超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于:分离器出口水平烟道、分离器出口烟道至尾部竖井连接烟道采用膜式壁结构。
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CN109140411A (zh) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-04 | 西安交通大学 | 带悬挂屏的超超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛及其控制方法 |
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