WO2018036482A1 - 一种发送和接收业务的方法、装置和网络系统 - Google Patents

一种发送和接收业务的方法、装置和网络系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018036482A1
WO2018036482A1 PCT/CN2017/098484 CN2017098484W WO2018036482A1 WO 2018036482 A1 WO2018036482 A1 WO 2018036482A1 CN 2017098484 W CN2017098484 W CN 2017098484W WO 2018036482 A1 WO2018036482 A1 WO 2018036482A1
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Prior art keywords
data stream
original data
idle
unit
location
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PCT/CN2017/098484
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟其文
查敏
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to JP2019510840A priority Critical patent/JP6868095B2/ja
Priority to KR1020197007631A priority patent/KR102208887B1/ko
Priority to EP17842904.9A priority patent/EP3490178B1/en
Publication of WO2018036482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018036482A1/zh
Priority to US16/282,832 priority patent/US11140079B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/07—Synchronising arrangements using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates or bit rates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1652—Optical Transport Network [OTN]
    • H04J3/1658—Optical Transport Network [OTN] carrying packets or ATM cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, and network system for transmitting and receiving services.
  • Flexible Ethernet combines the technical features of Ethernet and transport networks (eg, Optical Transport Network (OTN), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), etc.) An important milestone.
  • OTN Optical Transport Network
  • SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
  • the Ethernet physical interface presents the characteristics of virtualization.
  • Multiple Ethernet physical interfaces are cascaded to support several virtual logical ports. For example, four 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 Gigabit Ethernet) physical interfaces are cascaded into a 400 Gigabit (400 Gigabit, 400 G) flexible Ethernet physical interface group that can support several logical ports.
  • the Ethernet physical interface is an asynchronous communication interface that allows a clock frequency difference of plus or minus 100 ppm (one ten thousandth).
  • a clock frequency difference of plus or minus 100 ppm (one ten thousandth).
  • 10GE two physical interfaces with a nominal bandwidth of 10G, one of which may be one ten thousandth larger than the nominal value, and the other one is one ten thousandth smaller than the nominal value, ie 10G* (1+0.0001 respectively).
  • 10G* (1-0.0001
  • the clock frequency of the logical port inherits the clock frequency characteristics of the physical interface, and there is also a deviation of 100 ppm.
  • a logical port with a nominal bandwidth of 25G on two different physical interfaces or physical interface groups removes the overhead of flexible Ethernet partitioning slots and managing time slots.
  • the actual bandwidth may be approximately 25G* (20460/20461)* respectively. (1+0.0001) and 25G*(20460/20461)*(1-0.0001).
  • the idle code block (Idle) needs to be added or deleted hop by hop to adapt the rate of the service to the deviation of the bandwidth rate between the physical interface or the logical port.
  • FIG. 1 when the services between the client devices Ca and Cb are carried by the flexible Ethernet devices Pa, Pb, and Pc, it is necessary to perform idle cell addition and deletion on the Pa, Pb, and Pc.
  • the addition and deletion of the idle code block may cause the clock frequency and time phase information of the service itself to be lost. That is, the clock frequency and time phase information of the service cannot be transparently transmitted, and the source and sink network devices of the service cannot maintain the clock frequency and time phase. Synchronization.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a device, and a network system for transmitting and receiving services, which can solve the problem that the service clock frequency and the time phase information of the flexible Ethernet cannot be transparently transmitted, and the source and sink network devices of the service cannot be obtained. Keep the clock frequency and time phase synchronized.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for sending a service, including: a sending end device acquiring an original data stream; inserting an increment flag p into the original data stream to generate a first data stream; The delta flag p is used to identify the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream; the first data stream is transmitted.
  • the sender device inserts an increment flag p in the original data stream to identify the number of idle cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream, so that the receiving end device can recover the original data stream according to the incremental flag p.
  • an increment flag p in the original data stream to identify the number of idle cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream, so that the receiving end device can recover the original data stream according to the incremental flag p.
  • the inserting the increment flag p in the original data stream includes: acquiring a first segment data stream from the original data stream, and determining the first segment data stream. Relative to the original data stream a number of unit changes; inserting an incremental marker p at a first location of the first segment data stream, the first location being a location at which a data unit capable of carrying the incremental marker p is located,
  • the quantity flag p is the number used to identify the free cell change of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the original data stream is segmented to facilitate segmentation of the delta tag p.
  • the idle cell addition and deletion may be performed on the first segment data stream before determining the number of idle cell changes of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the acquiring, by the first data stream, the first segment data stream includes: identifying a start unit of the original data stream; determining a location where the start unit is located as the First position.
  • the start unit can be a code block unit having a solid pattern, that is, having redundant information, it can be the same as the load increment flag p.
  • the boundary of the first segment data stream may also be determined according to a location where the start unit is located. That is to say, the start unit can be used to carry the delta marker p, and can also be used to determine the boundaries of two adjacent segment data streams.
  • acquiring the first segment data stream from the original data stream includes: setting a threshold of the increment flag p; when the first segment data stream is opposite to the original data Identifying a first idle unit of the original data stream when the number of idle cell changes of the flow is greater than or equal to the threshold; determining a location where the first idle unit is located as a first location, determining according to the first location The boundary of the first segment data stream.
  • the delta marker p can also be carried by other redundant units other than the idle unit.
  • the threshold Through the setting of the threshold, a certain number of idle units can be reasonably utilized to carry the incremental flag p, thereby avoiding excessive use of the idle unit.
  • the method before inserting the delta marker p in the original data stream, the method further includes: adding and/or deleting n idle cells in the original data stream, according to the n
  • the idle unit determines the delta flag p; when n free cells are added, p is equal to n; when n free cells are deleted, p is equal to -n.
  • the number of additions and deletions of the free cells can be marked in real time by the incremental flag p.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for receiving a service, including: receiving, by a receiving device, a first data stream; and extracting, in the first data stream, an incremental flag p, where the incremental flag p is used. Identifying a number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream; recovering the first data stream to the original data stream according to the delta flag p.
  • the receiving end device extracts the incremental flag p from the first data stream, determines the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream according to the incremental flag p, and restores the first data stream to the original data stream, thereby obtaining the original
  • the clock frequency and time phase information of the data stream realize the transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • the extracting the increment flag p in the first data stream includes: acquiring a first segment data stream from the first data stream, determining the first segment a first position in the data stream; extracting an incremental marker p from the first location, the first location being a location at which a data unit capable of carrying the incremental marker p is located, the incremental marker p A number for identifying an idle cell change of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the first data stream is segmented to facilitate segmentation extraction of the delta marker p.
  • the restoring the first data stream to the original data stream includes: adding, when the incremental flag p is greater than 0, adding p to the first data stream An idle unit; when the increment flag p is less than 0, the absolute value of the idle unit of p is reduced in the first data stream.
  • the first data stream is restored to the original data stream by inverse addition and deletion of the free cells.
  • the first location is a location where the start unit is located or a location where the first idle unit is located.
  • the delta marker p may be carried by a data unit having redundant information (eg, a start unit, an idle unit, etc.), and at the same time, the boundary of the first segment data stream may also be determined according to the first location.
  • a data unit having redundant information eg, a start unit, an idle unit, etc.
  • the method further includes: acquiring a clock frequency of the original data stream.
  • the clock frequency of the original data stream can be obtained, and the clock frequency of the service is transparently transmitted.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for sending a service, including: an obtaining module, configured to acquire an original data stream; and a marking module, configured to insert an incremental marker p into the original data stream to generate a first a data stream; wherein the increment flag p is used to identify the number of idle cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream; and a sending module, configured to send the first data stream.
  • the device transmitting the service inserts an increment flag p in the original data stream for identifying the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream, so that the device receiving the service can recover the original according to the incremental flag p.
  • the data stream thereby obtaining the clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream, realizes transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • the marking module is configured to: obtain a first segment data stream from the original data stream, and determine an idle unit of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream a number of changes; inserting an incremental marker p at a first location of the first segment data stream, the first location being a location at which a data unit capable of carrying the incremental marker p is located, the increment
  • the flag p is a number for identifying an idle cell change of the first segment data stream with respect to the original data stream.
  • the idle cell addition and deletion may be performed on the first segment data stream before determining the number of idle cell changes of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the original data stream is segmented to facilitate segmentation of the delta tag p.
  • the marking module is configured to: identify a starting unit of the original data stream; and determine a location where the starting unit is located as the first location.
  • the start unit can be a code block unit having a solid pattern, that is, having redundant information, it can be the same as the load increment flag p.
  • the boundary of the first segment data stream may also be determined according to a location where the start unit is located. That is to say, the start unit can be used to carry the delta marker p, and can also be used to determine the boundaries of two adjacent segment data streams.
  • the marking module is configured to: set a threshold of the incremental flag p; when the number of changes of the first segment data stream relative to the free cell of the original data stream is greater than or When the threshold is equal to the first idle unit of the original data stream, the location where the first idle unit is located is determined as the first location.
  • the delta marker p can also be carried by other redundant units other than the idle unit.
  • the threshold Through the setting of the threshold, a certain number of idle units can be reasonably utilized to carry the incremental flag p, thereby avoiding excessive use of the idle unit.
  • the apparatus further includes a adding and deleting module: the adding and deleting module, configured to add and/or delete n idle units in the original data stream, and determine, according to the n idle units The increment flag p; when n free cells are added, p is equal to n; when n free cells are deleted, p is equal to -n.
  • a adding and deleting module configured to add and/or delete n idle units in the original data stream, and determine, according to the n idle units The increment flag p; when n free cells are added, p is equal to n; when n free cells are deleted, p is equal to -n.
  • the number of additions and deletions of the free cells can be marked in real time by the incremental flag p.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for receiving a service, including: a receiving module, configured to receive a first data stream; and an extracting module, configured to extract an incremental flag p in the first data stream, where The increment flag p is used to identify the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream; the recovery module is configured to restore the first data stream to the original data according to the incremental flag p flow.
  • the device receiving the service extracts the incremental flag p from the first data stream, determines the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream according to the incremental flag p, and restores the first data stream to the original data stream, thereby obtaining
  • the clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream realizes transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • the extracting module is configured to: acquire the first data from the first data stream
  • a segment data stream determining a first location in the first segment data stream; extracting an increment flag p from the first location, the first location being capable of carrying the delta tag p
  • the location of the data unit, the delta marker p is used to identify the number of free cell changes of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the first data stream is segmented to facilitate segmentation extraction of the delta marker p.
  • the recovery module is configured to: when the incremental flag p is greater than 0, add p idle cells in the first data stream; when the incremental flag p is smaller than At 0, the absolute value of the free cells of p is reduced in the first data stream.
  • the first data stream is restored to the original data stream by inverse addition and deletion of the free cells.
  • the first location is a location where the start unit is located or a location where the first idle unit is located.
  • the delta marker p may be carried by a data unit having redundant information (eg, a start unit, an idle unit, etc.), and at the same time, the boundary of the first segment data stream may also be determined according to the first location.
  • a data unit having redundant information eg, a start unit, an idle unit, etc.
  • the apparatus further includes: a clock module, configured to acquire a clock frequency of the original data stream.
  • the clock frequency of the original data stream can be obtained, and the clock frequency of the service is transparently transmitted.
  • the fifth aspect provides a network system, including the apparatus according to any one of the third aspect and the third aspect, and any one of the fourth aspect and the fourth aspect. Possible implementations of the device described.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, including: a processor, a memory, and at least one network interface; the memory is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and when the network device is running, the processor executes a memory execution computer execution instruction. To cause the network device to perform the method as described in the first aspect and any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, including: a processor, a memory, and at least one network interface; the memory is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and when the network device is running, the processor executes a memory execution computer execution instruction. To cause the network device to perform the method as described in any one of the second aspect and the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of service transmission of a flexible Ethernet in the prior art
  • 2a is a schematic diagram of service transmission of a flexible Ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2b is a schematic diagram of service transmission of a flexible Ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a format of a start code block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a format of six code blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a format of three code blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a format of a code block according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a format of five codes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is an exemplary flowchart of a method for sending a service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a data processing process of a 40GE physical interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an AM format conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of four code block formats according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a device at a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a data processing process of a 10GE physical interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a device at a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of several cache queues entering a queue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for inserting an incremental tag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 24 is an exemplary flowchart of a method for receiving a service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving end device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of another receiving end device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 27 is a flowchart of a method for extracting incremental tags according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for sending a service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for receiving a service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of a network system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a flexible Ethernet, and can also be applied to other types of networks, such as an Ethernet, an Optical Transport Network (OTN) network, and a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, SDH) network, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present invention mainly uses flexible Ethernet as an example for description.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a service transmission of a flexible Ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the client device Ca needs to send one-way service to the client device Cb, and the service can be transmitted between the Ca and the Cb through a bearer network.
  • a flexible Ethernet consisting of multiple flexible Ethernet devices (eg, Pa, Pb, and Pc) acts as a bearer network.
  • the client device can be a router, a switch, etc., and the flexible Ethernet device can also be an Ethernet device, an OTN device, an SDH device, or the like.
  • the idle cell addition and deletion needs to be performed, resulting in loss of the service clock frequency and time phase information.
  • the incremental device in order to implement the transparent transmission of the clock frequency and the time phase information of the service, the incremental device may be inserted and deleted in the idle end of the flexible Ethernet device to identify the idle operation in the transmitting device. The number of additions and deletions of the data stream after the unit is added or deleted relative to the free unit of the original data stream.
  • the incremental flag p needs to be updated or a new incremental flag p needs to be inserted, and the number of idle cells added or deleted by the device after performing the idle unit addition and deletion with respect to the original data stream is recorded.
  • the receiving device extracts the last updated incremental flag p in the flexible Ethernet, and restores the original data stream according to the last updated incremental flag p.
  • p can take values [...-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, ...], etc., where 0 means no idle cell additions and deletions, -1 means that an idle cell is deleted, - 2 means that two free cells are deleted, +1 means that one free cell is added, +2 means that two free cells are added, and so on.
  • 0 means no idle cell additions and deletions
  • -1 means that an idle cell is deleted
  • - 2 means that two free cells are deleted
  • +1 means that one free cell is added
  • +2 means that two free cells are added, and so on.
  • the delta markers on different devices are denoted by p1, p2, and the like.
  • the transmitting device Pa of the flexible Ethernet receives the original data stream of the service from the client device Ca, and after performing the addition and deletion of the idle unit on the original data stream, inserts an increment flag p1 for identifying the data stream after the Pa performs the addition and deletion of the idle unit.
  • the intermediate device Pb performs the idle cell addition and deletion on the received data stream, and inserts the updated increment flag p2, which is used to identify the number of free cell additions and deletions of the data stream after the Pb performs the idle cell addition and deletion with respect to the original data stream.
  • the intermediate device can also contain multiple devices, and the execution method is similar. After receiving the data stream from the adjacent upstream device Pb, the receiving device Pc extracts the incremental flag p2 in the data stream, and performs the idle unit reverse addition and deletion according to the incremental flag p2, that is, restores the original data stream of the service.
  • the idle unit is added or deleted, that is, the original data stream is increased by p2 idle units, and the receiving end device Pc deletes the p2 idle units, or the original data stream deletes the p2 idle units, and the receiving end device Pc adds p2 idle units.
  • the restored original data stream has the same number of free cells as the original data stream before the idle cell addition and deletion in Pa. Therefore, the receiving end device Pc can obtain the clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream according to the restored original data stream, and realize transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of service transmission of a flexible Ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the service is sent from the client device Cb to the client device Ca, and the flow of execution is opposite to that of FIG. 2a.
  • the steps performed by Pc in FIG. 2b are the same as those in Pa in FIG. 2a, and the steps performed by Pa in FIG. 2b. The steps are the same as those performed by Pc in Figure 2a.
  • the data format of the original data stream may include an encoded data format, and may also include an unencoded data format.
  • the format of the free unit may include an idle code block, an idle byte unit, and the like.
  • 64B/66B encoding is taken as an example:
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the start code block S, the end code block T, and the plurality of code blocks D are regarded as one packet, and there may be a plurality of idle code blocks Idle between any two packets.
  • the idle code block can also exist within the packet.
  • packet 1 and packet 2 are included. Packet 1 and packet 2 may be adjacent packets, or other packets may exist between packet 1 and packet 2.
  • the code block between the start code block of packet 2 and the start code block of packet 2 is regarded as a sector data stream having a length k (including the start code block of packet 1 and not including the start code block of packet 2).
  • the segment data stream k does not include the start code block of the packet 2.
  • the block code block of the packet 2 may also be included, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the source device After the source device receives the original data stream, it may also delay the original data stream, for example, the case of delaying one code block is shown in FIG. After delaying the original data stream, the source device or the intermediate device may perform addition and deletion operations on the idle code block. For example, the case of deleting one Idle and adding one Idle is shown in FIG.
  • An increment flag p may be inserted in the original data stream to identify the number of Idle additions and deletions of the data stream after the addition and deletion of the idle code block with respect to the original data stream. For example, when the original data stream is not subjected to Idle addition and deletion, the increment flag p inserted in the code block 301 is 0.
  • the increment flag p inserted in the code block 302 is -1.
  • the increment flag p inserted in the code block 303 is +1.
  • the receiving end device restores the data stream added and deleted by the idle code block to the original data stream.
  • the starting code block in the Ethernet (including flexible Ethernet) data frame is a fixed code block of the bit pattern, and does not change during the transmission, so it contains redundant information and can be used to carry information such as the incremental flag p.
  • the preamble symbol includes 8 bytes of Transmit (character Data, TXD) / Receive (character) data (Received (character) ) Data, RXD), and through 8-bit transmit (character) control (signal) (Transmit (character) Control (signals), TXC) / receive (character) control (signal) (Received (character) Control (signals) , RXC) instructions.
  • the ⁇ TXC, TXD> of the preamble symbol is: ⁇ 1, 0xFB> ⁇ 0, 0x55> ⁇ 0,0x55> ⁇ 0,0x55> ⁇ 0,0x55> ⁇ 0,0x55> ⁇ 0, 0xD5>.
  • 0xFB is the frame start control character "/S/”
  • 0xD5 is the Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD).
  • the preamble encoded data format is called the start code block, and the 8-byte preamble symbol boundary is aligned with the boundary of the 64B/66B code block, for example, "/S/" is aligned with the boundary of the start code block.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 64B/66B encoding format of a starting code block according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a synchronization header “10” and a control code block type “0x78”.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a format of six code blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the code block 501 changes "0x55" of D1 to "0x00" and "0xD5" of D7 to "0xFF" on the basis of the start code block shown in FIG. Block 502, changing D1 to "0xA”.
  • Block 503 changing D7 to "0xAA”.
  • Block 504 changes D7 to "0xA”.
  • Block 505 changing D1 to "0xAA” and D7 to "0xAA”.
  • Block 506 changes D1 to "0xA” and D7 to "0xA”.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the format of three code blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the code blocks 601 and 602 are in a code block format with a preset pattern of “0x4B+0xA”. The code block 603 changes the control code block type "0x78" to "0xFF".
  • the specific implementation manner is not limited to the code block format shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, as long as the start code block carrying p can be identified.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the data stream of length k is divided into two sections, and the lengths are k1 and k2, respectively.
  • the increment flag pk1 may be inserted in the first code block 701 (idle code block) after the segment k1 for identifying the number of idle code blocks in the segment k1.
  • the first code block 702 (start code block) after the sector k2 is inserted with an increment flag pk2 for identifying the number of free code blocks added and deleted in the sector k2.
  • the idle code block and the start code block can be changed to the code block identified by the preset pattern. Referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. , will not repeat them here.
  • an idle code carrying pk1 can be used.
  • the block 701 and the start code block 702 carrying the pk2 are identified by different preset patterns, so that the receiving end device can quickly recover the original code block. Since the start code block and the end code block are usually present in pairs, the pairing relationship of the character "/S/" in the start code block and the character "/T/" in the end code block is satisfied.
  • the idle code block for inserting the increment flag pk1 can be regarded as the start code block of one packet. Alternatively, any one of the idle code blocks following the code block carrying pk1 can also be set as the end code block.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • Delta markers can be inserted in all start code blocks or partial start code blocks in the original data stream. Inserting an increment flag in the start code block or the idle code block actually replaces the start code block or the idle code block with the code block carrying the delta mark.
  • the start code block or the idle code block may be first changed to a code block of the preset pattern identifier, and then the increment flag is inserted in the code block of the preset pattern identifier; or the delta marker is inserted in the start code block or the idle code block first. Then, the start code block or the idle code block inserted after the increment mark is changed to the code block of the preset pattern identifier.
  • the preset pattern identification code block carrying the incremental flag can also be directly inserted into the position of the start code block or the idle code block, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • an idle unit may include multiple idle bytes, for example, idle byte additions and deletions may be performed based on a 4-byte granularity of free cells or an 8-byte granularity of free cells.
  • the 8 bytes can correspond to a 64B/66B code block, so it is similar to the post-encoding processing.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the MII byte data stream ⁇ TXC/RXC, TXD/RXD> has a one-to-one correspondence with the 64B/66B code block.
  • 8 free bytes “/i/” correspond to one idle code block
  • 8 data bytes “/d/” correspond to one data code block
  • the frame start control character "/S/" as the starting position of 8
  • the byte corresponds to a start code block.
  • Three scenarios are shown in Figure 9, where, in the first case, in the original data stream, the frame start control character "/S/" corresponds to the fifth position of the 64B/66B code block.
  • four idle bytes 901 are deleted on the basis of the original data stream, and the frame start control character "/S/" corresponds to the first position of the 64B/66B code block.
  • four idle bytes 902 are added to the original data stream, and the frame start control character "/S/" corresponds to the first position of the 64B/66B code block.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an increment flag p is inserted in the data stream.
  • the increment flag p may identify the number of idle bytes added and deleted in units of bytes, or the number of idle bytes added and deleted in units of four bytes, and may also identify the number of idle bytes added and deleted in units of eight bytes.
  • an increment flag p is inserted in an eight-byte unit 1001 or 1002 (referred to as a preamble byte unit) in which the control start character "/S/" of the frame of the original data stream is started.
  • the delta flag p may identify the number of free byte additions and deletions of the sector data stream preceding the preamble symbol byte unit.
  • the frame start control character "/S/" of the eight-byte unit 1001 corresponds to the fifth position of the 64B/66B code block
  • the frame start control character /S/" of the eight-byte unit 1002 corresponds to the 64B/66B code.
  • the first position of the block, and the eight-byte unit carrying p can be identified by a preset byte such as "0x00", "0xFF", etc.
  • the field k can also be calibrated using the C field (CRC). Test.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, an increment flag pk1 may be inserted in the first octet unit 1101, 1103 or 1104 (idle byte unit) after the section k1 for identifying the free byte addition and deletion in the section k1. Quantity.
  • the first eight-byte unit 1102 (preamble symbol byte unit) after the section k2 is inserted with an increment flag pk2 for identifying the number of free byte additions and deletions in the section k2.
  • the start control character "/S/" can correspond to the 64B/66B code block. One location or fifth location.
  • the eight-byte unit carrying pk1 can be identified by using a preset byte. For example, the eight-byte unit 1101 adopts "0xFF" and "0x00", and the eight-byte units 1103 and 1104 respectively adopt “0x9C", "0xF0", and the like. byte.
  • the eight-byte unit 1102 carrying pk2 can be identified by using preset bytes such as "0x00" and "0xFF".
  • the idle byte unit carrying the pk1 and the preamble byte unit carrying the pk2 may be identified by using different preset bytes, so that the receiving end device can quickly recover the original eight-byte unit.
  • the fields pk1, pk2 may also be checked using a C field (CRC).
  • An incremental flag can be inserted in all preamble symbol byte units or partial preamble symbol byte units in the original data stream. Inserting an delta marker in a preamble byte unit or an idle byte unit actually replaces the preamble byte unit or the idle byte unit with a unit carrying the delta marker.
  • the preset byte may be inserted in the preamble byte unit or the idle byte unit, and then the increment flag is inserted in the unit identified by the preset byte; or in the preamble byte unit or the idle byte unit first Insert the delta marker, and then insert the preamble symbol byte unit or the idle byte unit inserted into the delta marker into the preset byte.
  • the unit carrying the incremental flag and the preset byte may also be directly inserted into the position of the preamble symbol byte unit or the idle byte unit, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the 8-byte MII byte data stream has a correspondence with the 64B/66B code block. Therefore, the eight-byte unit carrying pk1, pk2 can correspond to the coding block format as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the eight-byte units 1001, 1002 of FIG. 10 and the eight-byte unit 1102 of FIG. 11 may correspond to the code block 1201. The eight-byte unit 1101 of FIG. 11 may correspond to the code block 1202. The eight-byte unit 1103 of FIG. 11 may correspond to the code block 1203. The eight-byte unit 1104 of Figure 11 corresponds to code block 1204 or 1205.
  • the increment markers p, pk1, pk2 can be represented by field lengths of 3 bits, 4 bits, 8 bits, and the like.
  • the range of expression includes -4 to +3
  • the range of expression includes -8 to +7, and so on.
  • Different bit lengths can be selected according to the length of the segment data stream partition.
  • the original data stream is divided into a plurality of segment data streams, and for each segment data stream, a data unit that can be used to insert an incremental flag, for example, a start unit, an idle unit, and the like, is searched for.
  • the data unit for inserting the delta marker may be located adjacent to the identified segment data stream or may be located at a non-adjacent location; the data unit inserted with the delta marker may be located before the identified segment data stream, It may also be located after the identified segment data stream, and the invention is not limited.
  • the data unit for inserting the delta tag can identify the starting position of the segment data stream, and can also be used to identify the end position of the segment data stream.
  • any one of the start code blocks may identify the start position of the sector data stream in which the start code block is located, and may also identify the end position of the previous sector data stream.
  • FIG. 13 is an exemplary flowchart of a method for sending a service according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the method can be performed by a transmitting device of a flexible Ethernet. Including the following steps:
  • the source device acquires an original data stream.
  • the original data stream may be a service data stream including an Interpacket Gap (IPG), for example, an Ethernet packet service data stream.
  • IPG Interpacket Gap
  • the IPG may be an idle unit and has multiple data formats, including, for example, an idle packet of a Media Access Control (MAC) layer or above, an MII idle byte unit, and an idle code block having a physical layer coding format.
  • the coding format of the idle code block is, for example, 64B/66B coding, 8B/10B coding, 512B/514B coding, or the like.
  • the increment flag p is used to identify the number of idle cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream .
  • the delta tag p may identify the number of increments or deletions of the first data stream relative to the free cells of the original data stream.
  • the first data stream can After multiple idle cell additions and deletions, after each idle cell addition and deletion is performed, the increment flag p is refreshed accordingly, so that the receiving device obtains the result of the last update.
  • the processing of the 100GE service is similar to that of the 40GE service.
  • the 25GE service is similar to the 10GE service process.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of data processing of a 40GE physical interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the physical layer structure of the 40GE physical interface includes a Physical Coding Sub-layer (PCS), a Physical Medium Attachment (PMA), and a Physical Medium Dependent (Physical Medium Dependent).
  • PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer
  • PMA Physical Medium Attachment
  • PMA Physical Medium Dependent
  • the physical layer structure of the 40GE physical interface also includes a Reconciliation Sub-layer (RS), which is not shown in the figure.
  • the XLGMII interface is located between the RS and the PCS.
  • the sending direction processing step of the PCS may include encoding, scrambling, multi-channel distribution, Alignment Marker (AM) insertion, and the like.
  • the receiving direction processing steps of the PCS may include multi-channel symbol synchronization, AM locking and channel alignment, Bit Error Rate (BER) monitoring, channel rearrangement, and merging into serial symbols, AM deletion, and descrambling codes. , decoding, etc.
  • the processing steps shown in Fig. 14 can be referred to the prior art.
  • the PCS In the sending direction, after the PCS receives the data stream from the XLGMII interface, it needs to distribute the data stream to multiple channels (multi-channel distribution) and insert AM (AM insertion) on each channel.
  • the PCS receives the data stream from multiple channels before sending the data stream to the XLGMII interface, aligns and reorders the data streams of multiple channels, and restores the serial data stream (multi-channel symbol synchronization, AM) Lock and channel alignment, channel rearrangement and merging into serial symbols), and delete AM (AM delete) for each channel, then descramble and decode.
  • the original data stream may be received from the 40GE physical interface, and step S1302 may be performed after the descrambling code in the 40GE physical interface receiving direction, and may be performed before or after decoding.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented based on the data processing flow shown in FIG. 14, but is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 14.
  • the data processing flow may not include an AM deletion step.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of AM format conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AM code block can be replaced with a special code block after AM lock and multi-channel alignment, for example, the four code blocks shown in FIG.
  • AM0, AM1, AM2, and AM3 are replaced with code blocks 1601, 1602, 1603, and 1604, respectively.
  • AM0, AM1, AM2, AM3 may also be replaced by four identical code blocks, such as any of the above four code blocks.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting end device 1700 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the source device 1700 receives the original data stream through the 40GE physical interface PMA/PMD/FEC 1701.
  • the 40GE physical interface PCS reception process 1702 can refer to the receiving direction processing step shown in FIG.
  • Insertion delta tag p 1704 may be implemented during PCS receive process 1702, or may be implemented after PCS receive process 1702. Alternatively, the idle cell addition and deletion 1703 may be performed to cause rate adaptation before the delta flag p 1704 is inserted.
  • the first data stream inserted into the delta tag p can then be sent out through the 40GE logical port 1706 formed by the flexible Ethernet physical interface (or interface group) 1705.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a data processing process of a 10GE physical interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MII of the 10GE physical interface is called XGMII, and the XGMII uses 32-bit data bit width.
  • the frame start control character is aligned with the 4-byte boundary, that is, the frame.
  • the start control character may be located in the fifth or first position of the 64B/66B code block.
  • the physical layer structure of a 10GE physical interface is similar to that of a 40GE physical interface.
  • the sending direction processing step of the PCS may include encoding and scrambling.
  • the receiving direction processing steps of the PCS may include symbol synchronization, descrambling, and decoding.
  • the logical port is divided into time division multiplex (TDM) according to the 64B/66B code block. Therefore, the code type conversion of the 10GE service is required. That is to say, in the receiving direction of the PCS, decoding (for example, 64B/66B decoding) is performed first, and then the addition and deletion of the idle bytes are performed based on the decoded MII byte data stream. For example, if the frame start control character is located at the fifth position of the 64B/66B code block, the data stream can be moved forward or backward by 4 bytes by means of idle byte addition and deletion, so that the frame starts to control characters and The boundary of the 64B/66B code block is aligned.
  • decoding for example, 64B/66B decoding
  • the original data stream can be received from the 10GE physical interface, and step S1302 can be performed after decoding in the 10GE physical interface receiving direction or before decoding.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented based on the data processing flow shown in FIG. 18, but is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 18.
  • the data processing flow may not include a decoding step, and S1302 may be performed after the descrambling code.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting end device 1900 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the source device 1900 receives the original data stream through the 10GE physical interface PMA/PMD/FEC 1901.
  • the 10GE physical interface PCS reception process 1902 can refer to the receiving direction processing step shown in FIG. 18.
  • the insertion delta flag p 1904 may be implemented during the PCS receive process 1902, or may be implemented after the PCS receive process 1902.
  • the idle cell addition and deletion 1903 may be performed to cause rate adaptation before the delta flag p 1904 is inserted.
  • the first data stream inserted with the delta tag p is then encoded, and the first data stream is transmitted through the 10GE logical port 1907 formed by the flexible Ethernet physical interface (or interface group) 1906.
  • the free cell addition and deletion 1903 and the insertion delta flag p 1904 may be performed before the encoding 1905, or may be performed after the encoding 1905. If the PCS reception process is not decoded, no coding is required here
  • the transmitting device may add or delete idle cells in the original data stream to adapt to different physical interfaces or rate differences between logical ports.
  • a certain amount of cache space needs to be set.
  • the flexible Ethernet bearer service there may be cases where the queue water level is too high but the idle unit cannot be deleted, or the queue water level is low but the idle unit cannot be inserted. Therefore, it is necessary to properly set the cache space, that is, the cache queue depth, so that the cache space can support a certain water level change, for example, +/- 3 idle units.
  • the raw data is received according to the upstream clock, buffered, and the cached data is sent according to the downstream clock.
  • the idle unit addition and deletion and the insertion increment flag p can be performed when the cache queue is enqueued, and the cache data is only sent according to the downstream clock when the queue is dequeued. It is also possible to perform the idle unit addition and deletion and the insertion increment flag p when the cache queue is dequeued, and then receive the original data according to the upstream clock and cache when entering the queue. The following is an example of performing idle cell addition and deletion and inserting the increment flag p when enqueuing.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of several cache queues enqueued according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 shows the case where some cache queues are enqueued, and in practice is not limited to several cases in the figure.
  • queue water levels are high, low, and normal.
  • the idle unit needs to be deleted.
  • the water level of the queue is low, the idle unit needs to be added.
  • the water level of the queue is normal, there is no need to add or delete idle units.
  • the left column of Fig. 20 when the queue water level is high and there is an idle unit at the tail (receiving side) of the queue, the free unit is allowed to be deleted.
  • a 64-byte Ethernet packet corresponds to 10 code blocks, a 1.5-kbyte longest frame has about 192 code blocks, and a 9.6-kbyte super-long frame has about 1200 code blocks.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for inserting an incremental tag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • S2100 receives a data unit from the original data stream.
  • the data format of the data unit may include a code block, a byte, and the like.
  • the data format of the data unit is a code block
  • the data unit of the original data stream may include a start code block S, an end code block T, a code block D, and an idle code block Idle, and may also include an AM code block or the like.
  • S2101 Detect the current queue water level.
  • S2101 Detect the current queue water level. If the water level of the queue is too high, execute S2104 to determine whether the current location of the queue is allowed to delete the idle unit.
  • S2106 is executed to determine whether there is a calibration opportunity for the current data unit.
  • the current data unit has a calibration opportunity is that the current data unit is a start unit (for example, a start code block or a preamble symbol byte unit)
  • S2108 is executed, the increment flag p is inserted in the current data unit, and the counter is simultaneously p is cleared.
  • Another case where the current data unit has a calibration opportunity is that the current data unit is an idle unit.
  • S2107 the absolute value of the current counter p is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, such as
  • S2107 is an optional step.
  • Other idle unit calibration strategies can also be used.
  • S2109 the current data unit enters the queue, ends the process, and receives the next data unit of the original data stream.
  • the queue water level is normal
  • the current position of the queue is not allowed to add or delete or delete the free unit
  • the current data unit does not have a calibration opportunity
  • the policy condition of the idle unit calibration is not satisfied
  • the threshold value of the counter p or the counter k can be set with reference to the bit length of the bearer increment flag p. The longer the bit length, the larger the threshold value can be set.
  • the delta marker p can be inserted directly in the redundant or idle field of the current data unit. How to insert the delta mark p in the data unit can refer to the principle of adding and deleting the number of idle cells in the foregoing, and will not be described here.
  • the sending end device carries the incremental flag p in the original data stream, and is used to identify the number of the first data stream that has been added or deleted by the idle unit relative to the idle unit in the original data stream, so that the receiving end device
  • the original data stream can be recovered according to the incremental flag p, thereby obtaining clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream, and transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service is realized.
  • the first data stream sent by the sending end device may be transmitted by the at least one intermediate device to reach the receiving end device.
  • the intermediate device may perform addition and deletion of the idle cells on the first data stream to adapt to the rate difference on the line.
  • the incremental flag p needs to be updated, and a new incremental flag may be added.
  • Intermediate setting The delta tag inserted or updated is used to identify the number of free cell changes of the data stream after the idle cell addition and deletion on the device relative to the original data stream.
  • Intermediate devices update or insert delta tags in a similar manner to the sender devices.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 22, the intermediate device receives the first data stream through one of the flexible Ethernet 40GE logical ports, performs the processing of adding, deleting, inserting, or updating the incremental flag p to the first data stream, and passes another flexible Ethernet 40GE. The logical port sends the processed first data stream.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 23, the intermediate device receives the first data stream through one of the flexible Ethernet 10GE logical ports, performs the processing of adding, deleting, inserting, or updating the incremental flag p to the first data stream, and passes another flexible Ethernet 10GE. The logical port sends the processed first data stream.
  • processing such as adding, deleting, inserting or updating the delta flag p of the idle unit may be performed after decoding and before encoding.
  • the decoder and encoder in Figure 23 are optional modules and may be omitted.
  • FIG. 24 is an exemplary flowchart of a method for receiving a service according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 24, the method can be performed by a receiving device of a flexible Ethernet. Including the following steps:
  • the receiving end device receives the first data stream.
  • the data format of the first data stream may be the same as the original data stream, or may be different from the original data stream.
  • the original data stream is an unencoded data stream
  • the first data stream is an encoded data stream.
  • the increment flag p is used to identify the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the delta tag p may identify the number of increments or deletions of the first data stream relative to the free cells of the original data stream.
  • the first data stream can be added or deleted by multiple idle cells. After each idle cell addition and deletion, the incremental flag p is refreshed accordingly, so that the receiving device obtains the result of the last update.
  • the processing of the 100GE service is similar to that of the 40GE service.
  • the 25GE service is similar to the 10GE service process.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented based on the data processing flow shown in FIG. 14, but is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 14.
  • the data processing flow may not include the AM insertion step.
  • the first data stream may be received from the 40GE logical interface, and steps S2402 and S2403 may be performed before the scrambling code in the 40GE physical interface transmission direction, and may be performed before or after encoding.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of another receiving end device 2500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiving end device 2500 receives the first data stream through the 40GE logical port 2502 formed by the flexible Ethernet physical interface (interface group) 2501, and after restoring the first data stream to the original data stream, the restored data may be restored.
  • the raw data stream is sent to the client device via the 40GE physical interface PMA/PMD/FEC 2505.
  • the 40GE physical interface PCS sending process 2506 can refer to the sending direction processing step shown in FIG. 14.
  • the extraction delta flag p 2503 and the original data recovery 2504 may be implemented during the PCS transmission process 2506, or may be implemented in the 40GE logical port 2502, or may be implemented independently.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented based on the data processing flow shown in FIG. 18, but is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 18.
  • the data processing flow may not include the encoding step.
  • the original data stream can be received from the 10GE logical port, and the steps S2402 and S2403 can be performed after the encoding in the 10GE physical interface sending direction or before the encoding.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of another receiving end device 2600 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • receiving The end device 2600 receives the first data stream through the 10GE logical port 2602 formed by the flexible Ethernet physical interface (interface group) 2601.
  • the PMA/PMD/FEC 2606 is sent to the client device.
  • the 10GE physical interface PCS transmission process 2607 can refer to the transmission direction processing step shown in FIG. 18.
  • the extraction delta flag p 2604 and the original data recovery 2605 may be implemented in the process of the PCS transmission process 2607, or may be implemented in the 10GE logical port 2602, or may be implemented independently. Alternatively, the extraction delta flag p 2604 and the original data recovery 2605 may be performed after decoding 2603, or may be performed prior to decoding 2603.
  • FIG. 27 is a flowchart of a method for extracting incremental tags according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • S2701 receives a data unit from the first data stream.
  • the data format of the data unit may include a code block, a byte, and the like.
  • the data format of the data unit is a code block
  • the data unit of the first data stream may include a start code block S, an end code block T, a code block D, and an idle code block Idle.
  • S2702 if the current data unit carries the increment flag p, execute S2703 to compare the value of the increment flag p with "0".
  • S2704 if p ⁇ 0, then add p free cells before the current data unit.
  • S2705 if p>0, delete p free cells before the current data unit.
  • S2707 the current data unit that is restored to the original data unit is sent to the cache queue.
  • S2708 ending the process, and continuing to receive the next data unit of the first data stream.
  • S2702 If the current data unit does not carry the delta flag p, the current data unit is sent to the cache queue. S2708, ending the process, and continuing to receive the next data unit of the first data stream.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for clock frequency recovery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmitting device 2801 and the intermediate device 2802 may add or delete idle cells to implement rate adaptation, and thus the clock frequency may change during transmission.
  • the transmitting device 2801 receives the original data stream having the clock frequency f 0 and transmits the first data stream having the clock frequency f 1 .
  • the first data stream may pass the at least one intermediate apparatus, the intermediate apparatus 2802 may also change the clock frequency of the first data stream, for example, from f 1 to f 2.
  • the sink device 2803 restores the clock frequency f 2 of the first data stream to the clock frequency f 0' of the original data stream.
  • the recovered clock frequency f 0 ' may be slightly different from the original clock frequency f 0 , but when the difference between the two is within the allowable range, it can be considered to restore the original clock frequency.
  • the transmitting device 2801 inserts the increment flag p after performing the addition and deletion of the free cells.
  • the increment flag p is inserted or updated.
  • the receiving device 2803 extracts the increment flag p.
  • the transmitting device 2801, the intermediate device 2802, and the receiving device 2803 need to set a certain buffer space.
  • the average water level, the water level upper limit, and the water level lower limit can be set for the cache queue, so that the cache queue can support a certain water level change.
  • the depth of the buffer queue can be adjusted in real time according to the size of the increment flag p. For example, when the absolute value of p is large, the depth of the queue is high.
  • the receiving end device 2803 can monitor the average water level change of the queue in real time. When the average water level is gradually increased, the clock frequency of the original data stream output by the queue is gradually increased; when the average water level is gradually decreased, the clock frequency of the original data stream output by the queue is gradually decreased. .
  • the clock processing circuit can be used to smooth filter the clock frequency of the queue output original data stream to keep the average water level of the queue stable, so as to achieve stable generation of the original clock frequency f 0 ' .
  • the receiving end device extracts the incremental flag p from the first data stream, and is used for identifying the number of changes of the first data stream after the addition and deletion by the idle unit with respect to the idle unit in the original data stream;
  • the quantity mark p recovers the original data stream, thereby obtaining the clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream, and realizing the transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus 2900 for transmitting a service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device 2900 can be a flexible Ethernet device, an Ethernet device, an OTN device, an SDH device, or the like.
  • the device 2900 may include an obtaining module 2901, a marking module 2902, and a transmitting module 2903.
  • each functional module is logically divided, and the manner of division is not unique.
  • each module can be a separate circuit module or can be integrated into one circuit module.
  • Each module can be implemented in the form of an integrated circuit such as a chip.
  • the apparatus for transmitting a service according to an embodiment of the present invention may perform the method steps of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the obtaining module 2901 is configured to obtain the original data stream, and the marking module 2902 is configured to insert the incremental flag p into the original data stream to generate a first data stream, where the incremental flag p is used to identify the first a quantity of a data stream that is changed relative to an idle unit of the original data stream; and a sending module 2903, configured to send the first data stream.
  • the marking module 2902 is configured to: obtain a first segment data stream from the original data stream, and determine a quantity of an idle cell change of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream; Inserting an increment marker p at a first position of the first segment data stream, the first location being a location where a data unit capable of carrying the delta marker p is located, the delta marker p being And identifying a number of free cell changes of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the first segment data stream is subjected to idle cell addition and deletion, and the number of idle cell additions and deletions is marked by the increment flag p.
  • the marking module 2902 is configured to: identify a starting unit of the original data stream; and determine a location where the starting unit is located as the first location.
  • the marking module 2902 is configured to: set a threshold of the incremental flag p; when the number of idle cell changes of the first segment data stream relative to the original data stream is greater than or equal to the threshold And identifying a first idle unit of the original data stream; determining a location where the first idle unit is located as a first location.
  • the device 2900 further includes a addition and deletion module: the addition and deletion module is configured to add and/or delete n idle units in the original data stream, and determine the increment flag p according to the n idle units; When n idle cells, p is equal to n; when n free cells are deleted, p is equal to -n.
  • the addition and deletion module is configured to add and/or delete n idle units in the original data stream, and determine the increment flag p according to the n idle units; When n idle cells, p is equal to n; when n free cells are deleted, p is equal to -n.
  • the device that sends the service carries the incremental flag p in the original data stream, and is used to identify the quantity of the first data stream that has been added or deleted by the idle unit relative to the idle unit in the original data stream, so as to enable the receiving service.
  • the device can recover the original data stream according to the incremental flag p, thereby obtaining the clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream, and realizing the transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus 3000 for receiving a service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device 3000 can be a flexible Ethernet device, an Ethernet device, an OTN device, an SDH device, or the like.
  • the apparatus 3000 may include: a receiving module 3001, an extracting module 3002, and a recovery module 3003.
  • each functional module is logically divided, and the manner of division is not unique.
  • each module can be a separate circuit module or can be integrated into one circuit module.
  • Each module can be implemented in the form of an integrated circuit such as a chip.
  • the apparatus for transmitting a service according to an embodiment of the present invention may perform the method steps of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • a receiving module 3001 configured to receive a first data stream
  • an extracting module 3002 configured to extract an incremental flag p in the first data stream, where the incremental flag p is used to identify the first data stream relative to the original data Free unit change of stream
  • the number of recovery modules 3003 is configured to restore the first data stream to the original data stream according to the increment flag p.
  • the extracting module 3002 is configured to: obtain a first segment data stream from the first data stream, determine a first location in the first segment data stream; and from the first location Extracting an increment flag p, the first location being a location where a data unit capable of carrying the delta marker p is located, the delta marker p being used to identify the first segment data stream relative to the The number of free cell changes in the original data stream.
  • the first location is a location where the start unit is located or a location where the first idle unit is located.
  • the recovery module 3003 is configured to: when the incremental flag p is greater than 0, add p idle cells in the first data stream; when the incremental flag p is less than 0, in the first The absolute value of p is reduced in the data stream.
  • the apparatus 3000 further includes: a clock module, configured to acquire a clock frequency of the original data stream.
  • the device receiving the service extracts the incremental flag p from the first data stream, and is used to identify the number of changes of the first data stream after the addition and deletion by the idle unit with respect to the idle unit in the original data stream;
  • the incremental flag p recovers the original data stream, thereby obtaining the clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream, and realizing the transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of a network system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network system can be a flexible Ethernet, Ethernet, OTN, SDH network, and the like.
  • the network system may include at least two network devices, such as a network device 3101 and a network device 3102.
  • Each network device may be a transmitting network device or a receiving network device, and may have a structure as shown in FIG. 29 and/or FIG.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network device can be a flexible Ethernet device, an Ethernet device, an OTN device, an SDH device, or the like.
  • the network device 3200 can include a processor 3201, a memory 3202, at least one network interface (eg, a network interface 3203, a network interface 3204), and a processing chip 3205.
  • the processor 3201 can be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a network processing unit (NPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or at least one integrated system.
  • the circuit is used to execute the related program to implement the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the memory 3202 may be a read only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM).
  • the memory 3202 can store an operating system and other applications.
  • the program code for implementing the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is stored in the memory 3202 and executed by the processor 3201.
  • Network interfaces 3203, 3204 implement communication between network device 3200 and other devices or communication networks using transceivers such as, but not limited to, transceivers.
  • the network interfaces 3203, 3204 may have a transmitting function or a receiving function, and may also have a transmitting function and a receiving function.
  • the network interfaces 3203, 3204 may be logical ports (eg, logical ports formed by a number of time slots) or physical interfaces (eg, a flexible Ethernet physical interface of 100G).
  • the processing chip 3205 can be implemented by an ASIC, a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
  • a dedicated chip that can implement the technical solution of the present invention can also be a general-purpose chip that includes the functions of the technical solution of the present invention.
  • network device 3200 retrieves the original data stream through network interface 3203 or 3204.
  • the network device 3200 executes the code stored in the memory 3202 by the processor 3201 or the code executed by the processing chip 3205 to perform its own storage, by inserting an increment flag p into the original data stream to generate a first data stream;
  • the quantity flag p is used to identify the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream.
  • the first data stream is transmitted through a network interface 3203 or 3204.
  • network device 3200 receives the first data stream through network interface 3203 or 3204.
  • the network device 3200 executes the code stored in the memory 3202 by the processor 3201 or the code executed by the processing chip 3205 to perform its own storage, and implements: extracting an increment flag p in the first data stream, the incremental flag p is used to identify the Determining the number of free cell changes of the first data stream relative to the original data stream; recovering the first data stream to the original data stream according to the delta flag p.
  • the technical solution of any one embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by using the network device 3200 shown in FIG.
  • the device 2900 of FIG. 29 and the device 3000 of FIG. 30 can be implemented using the structure and scheme of the network device 3200.
  • the network device 3200 shown in FIG. 32 only shows the processor 3201, the memory 3202, the network interfaces 3203, 3204, and the processing chip 3205, in a specific implementation process, those skilled in the art should understand that the network device The 3200 also includes other devices necessary to achieve proper operation.
  • the network device 3200 may also include hardware devices that implement other additional functions, depending on the particular needs.
  • the network device 3200 further includes a power source, a fan, a clock unit, a main control unit, and the like.
  • network device 3200 may also only include the components necessary to implement embodiments of the present invention, and does not necessarily include all of the devices shown in FIG.
  • the network device at the transmitting end carries the incremental flag p in the original data stream, and is used to identify the number of changes of the first data stream after the addition and deletion by the idle unit with respect to the idle unit in the original data stream. Therefore, the receiving end network device can recover the original data stream according to the incremental flag p, thereby obtaining clock frequency and time phase information of the original data stream, and realizing transparent transmission of the clock frequency and time phase information of the service.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种发送和接收业务的方法、装置和网络系统。其中，发送业务的方法包括：发送端设备获取原始数据流；在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；发送所述第一数据流。本发明实施例实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。

Description

一种发送和接收业务的方法、装置和网络系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种发送和接收业务的方法、装置和网络系统。
背景技术
灵活以太网(FlexE)结合了以太网和传送网(例如，光传送网(Optical Transport Network，OTN)、同步数字体系(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy，SDH)等)的一些技术特性，是对以太网技术演进的一个重要里程碑。灵活以太网技术的出现，以太网物理接口呈现了虚拟化的特性。对多个以太网物理接口进行级联，以支持若干个虚拟的逻辑端口。例如，4个100吉比特以太网(100Gigabit Ethernet，100GE)的物理接口级联成的一个400吉比特(400Gigabit，400G)灵活以太网物理接口组，可以支持若干个逻辑端口。
以太网物理接口为异步通信接口，允许正负100ppm(万分之一)的时钟频率差异。例如，10GE中，两个标称带宽为10G的物理接口，其中一个可能比标称值大万分之一，另一个比标称值小万分之一，即分别为10G*(1+0.0001)和10G*(1-0.0001)。逻辑端口的时钟频率继承了物理接口的时钟频率特性，也存在100ppm的偏差。例如，两个不同的物理接口或物理接口组上标称带宽为25G的逻辑端口，除去灵活以太网划分时隙和管理时隙的开销，实际带宽可能大约分别为25G*(20460/20461)*(1+0.0001)与25G*(20460/20461)*(1-0.0001)。通过灵活以太网承载业务时，需要逐跳地进行空闲码块(Idle)的增删，以使业务的速率适配物理接口或逻辑端口之间带宽速率的偏差。如图1所示，客户设备Ca和Cb之间的业务通过灵活以太网设备Pa、Pb、Pc承载时，需要在Pa、Pb、Pc上执行空闲单元增删。
但是，空闲码块的增删会导致业务本身的时钟频率和时间相位信息丢失，即，业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息无法实现透传，导致业务的源、宿网络设备无法保持时钟频率和时间相位的同步。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供一种发送和接收业务的方法、装置和网络系统，可以解决灵活以太网中业务时钟频率和时间相位信息无法实现透传，导致业务的源、宿网络设备无法保持时钟频率和时间相位同步的问题。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种发送业务的方法，包括：发送端设备获取原始数据流；在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；发送所述第一数据流。
发送端设备在原始数据流中插入增量标记p，用于标识第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量，以便于接收端设备能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，包括：从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲 单元变化的数量；在所述第一区段数据流的第一位置插入增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p为用于标识所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
原始数据流进行区段划分，以便于对增量标记p进行分区段插入。在确定第一区段数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量之前，可以对第一区段数据流进行空闲单元增删。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，包括：识别所述原始数据流的开始单元；将所述开始单元所在的位置确定为所述第一位置。
由于开始单元可以为具有固图案的码块单元，即具有冗余信息，因此，可以同于承载增量标记p。可选地，还可以根据开始单元所在的位置确定所述第一区段数据流的边界。也就是说，开始单元可以用于承载增量标记p，还可以用于确定两个相邻的区段数据流的边界。
在一种可能的实现方式中，从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，包括：设置所述增量标记p的阈值；当所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量大于或等于所述阈值时，识别所述原始数据流的第一空闲单元；将所述第一空闲单元所在的位置确定为第一位置，根据所述第一位置确定所述第一区段数据流的边界。
为了确保原始数据流中有足够的数据单元可以承载增量标记p，可选地，还可以通过除了空闲单元之前的其他的冗余单元携带增量标记p。通过阈值的设置，可以合理地利用一定数量的空闲单元来携带增量标记p，避免过度使用空闲单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p之前，还包括：在所述原始数据流中增加和/或删除n个空闲单元，根据所述n个空闲单元确定所述增量标记p；当增加n个空闲单元时，p等于n；当删除n个空闲单元时，p等于-n。
原始数据进行空闲单元增删后，通过增量标记p可以实时标记空闲单元增删的数量。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种接收业务的方法，包括：接收端设备接收第一数据流；在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
接收端设备从第一数据流中提取增量标记p，根据增量标记p确定第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量，将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，包括：从所述第一数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流中的第一位置；从所述第一位置中提取增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
第一数据流进行区段划分，以便于对增量标记p进行分区段提取。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流，包括：当所述增量标记p大于0时，在所述第一数据流中增加p个空闲单元；当所述增量标记p小于0时，在所述第一数据流中减少p的绝对值个空闲单元。
通过对空闲单元的反增删，将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一位置为开始单元所在的位置或第一空闲单元所在的位置。
可以通过具有冗余信息的数据单元(例如开始单元、空闲单元等)承载增量标记p，同时，还可以根据第一位置确定第一区段数据流的边界。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：获取所述原始数据流的时钟频率。
将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流后，可以获得原始数据流的时钟频率，实现了业务的时钟频率透传。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种发送业务的装置，包括：获取模块，用于获取原始数据流；标记模块，用于在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；发送模块，用于发送所述第一数据流。
发送业务的装置在原始数据流中插入增量标记p，用于标识第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量，以便于接收业务的装置能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述标记模块，用于：从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；在所述第一区段数据流的第一位置插入增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p为用于标识所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
在确定第一区段数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量之前，可以对第一区段数据流进行空闲单元增删。原始数据流进行区段划分，以便于对增量标记p进行分区段插入。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述标记模块，用于：识别所述原始数据流的开始单元；将所述开始单元所在的位置确定为所述第一位置。
由于开始单元可以为具有固图案的码块单元，即具有冗余信息，因此，可以同于承载增量标记p。可选地，还可以根据开始单元所在的位置确定所述第一区段数据流的边界。也就是说，开始单元可以用于承载增量标记p，还可以用于确定两个相邻的区段数据流的边界。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述标记模块，用于：设置所述增量标记p的阈值；当所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量大于或等于所述阈值时，识别所述原始数据流的第一空闲单元；将所述第一空闲单元所在的位置确定为第一位置。
为了确保原始数据流中有足够的数据单元可以承载增量标记p，可选地，还可以通过除了空闲单元之前的其他的冗余单元携带增量标记p。通过阈值的设置，可以合理地利用一定数量的空闲单元来携带增量标记p，避免过度使用空闲单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括增删模块：所述增删模块，用于在所述原始数据流中增加和/或删除n个空闲单元，根据所述n个空闲单元确定所述增量标记p；当增加n个空闲单元时，p等于n；当删除n个空闲单元时，p等于-n。
原始数据进行空闲单元增删后，通过增量标记p可以实时标记空闲单元增删的数量。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种接收业务的装置，包括：接收模块，用于接收第一数据流；提取模块，用于在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；恢复模块，用于根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
接收业务的装置从第一数据流中提取增量标记p，根据增量标记p确定第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量，将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述提取模块，用于：从所述第一数据流中获取第一
区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流中的第一位置；从所述第一位置中提取增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
第一数据流进行区段划分，以便于对增量标记p进行分区段提取。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述恢复模块，用于：当所述增量标记p大于0时，在所述第一数据流中增加p个空闲单元；当所述增量标记p小于0时，在所述第一数据流中减少p的绝对值个空闲单元。
通过对空闲单元的反增删，将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一位置为开始单元所在的位置或第一空闲单元所在的位置。
可以通过具有冗余信息的数据单元(例如开始单元、空闲单元等)承载增量标记p，同时，还可以根据第一位置确定第一区段数据流的边界。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括：时钟模块，用于获取所述原始数据流的时钟频率。
将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流后，可以获得原始数据流的时钟频率，实现了业务的时钟频率透传。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种网络系统，包括如第三方面及第三方面的任意一种可能的实现方式所述的装置，以及如第四方面及第四方面的任意一种可能的实现方式所述的装置。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供了一种网络设备，包括：处理器、存储器和至少一个网络接口；存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，当网络设备运行时，处理器执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令，以使网络设备执行如第一方面及第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式所述的方法。
第七方面，本发明实施例提供了一种网络设备，包括：处理器、存储器和至少一个网络接口；存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，当网络设备运行时，处理器执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令，以使网络设备执行如第二方面及第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式所述的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对描述背景技术和实施例时所使用的附图作简单的介绍。
图1为现有技术中的灵活以太网的业务传输示意图；
图2a为本发明实施例提供的一种灵活以太网的业务传输示意图；
图2b为本发明实施例提供的一种灵活以太网的业务传输示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种开始码块的格式示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的六种码块的格式示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的三种码块的格式示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种码块的格式示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的五种码的格式示意图；
图13为本发明实施例提供的一种发送业务的方法的示范性流程图；
图14为本发明实施例提供的一种40GE物理接口的数据处理流程示意图；
图15为本发明实施例提供的一种AM格式转换示意图；
图16为本发明实施例提供的四种码块格式示意图；
图17为本发明实施例提供的一种发送端设备的结构示意图；
图18为本发明实施例提供的一种10GE物理接口的数据处理流程示意图；
图19为本发明实施例提供的一种发送端设备的结构示意图；
图20为本发明实施例提供的几种缓存队列入队的示意图；
图21为本发明实施例提供的一种增量标记插入的方法流程图；
图22为本发明实施例提供的一种中间设备的结构示意图；
图23为本发明实施例提供的一种中间设备的结构示意图；
图24为本发明实施例提供的一种接收业务的方法的示范性流程图；
图25为本发明实施例提供的一种接收端设备的结构示意图；
图26为本发明实施例提供的另一种接收端设备的结构示意图；
图27为本发明实施例提供的一种增量标记提取的方法流程图；
图28为本发明实施例提供的一种时钟频率恢复的系统结构示意图；
图29为本发明实施例提供的一种发送业务的装置的结构示意图；
图30为本发明实施例提供的一种接收业务的装置的结构示意图；
图31为本发明实施例提供的一种网络系统的结构示意图；
图32为本发明实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以应用于灵活以太网中，还可以应用于其他类型的网络中，例如以太网、光传送网(Optical Transport Network，OTN)网络、同步数字体系(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy，SDH)网络等。本发明实施例主要以灵活以太网为例进行说明。
图2a是本发明实施例提供的一种灵活以太网的业务传输示意图。如图2a所示，客户设备Ca需要发送一路业务到客户设备Cb，Ca和Cb之间可以通过一个承载网络进行业务传输。例如，由多个灵活以太网设备(例如Pa、Pb和Pc)构成的灵活以太网作为承载网络。客户设备可以为路由器，交换机等设备，灵活以太网设备也可以为以太网设备、OTN设备、SDH设备等。
现有技术中，为了适配灵活以太网设备的物理接口或逻辑端口之间的速率差异，需要执行空闲单元增删，导致业务时钟频率和时间相位信息的丢失。本发明实施例中，为了实现业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传，可以在灵活以太网的发送端设备进行空闲单元增删后，插入增量标记p，用于标识发送端设备中执行空闲单元增删后的数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元增删的数量。中间设备进行空闲单元增删后，需要对增量标记p进行更新或插入新的增量标记p，记录本设备执行空闲单元增删后的数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元增删的数量。接收端设备从相邻上游设备接收到数据流后，提取出灵活以太网中最后一次更新的增量标记p，根据最后一次更新的增量标记p恢复原始数据流。p可以取值[…-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3,…]等，其中，0表示未进行空闲单元增删，-1表示删除了一个空闲单元，-2表示删除了两个空闲单元，+1表示增加了一个空闲单元，+2表示增加了两个空闲单元，以此类推。下文中，不同设备上的增量标记通过p1、p2等表示。
例如，灵活以太网的发送端设备Pa从客户设备Ca接收业务的原始数据流，在原始数据流上执行空闲单元增删之后，插入增量标记p1，用于标识Pa执行空闲单元增删后的数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元增删的数量。中间设备Pb对接收到的数据流执行空闲单元增删，并插入更新后的增量标记p2，用于标识Pb执行空闲单元增删后的数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元增删的数量。例如，p1为-1时，如果Pb增加了一个空闲单元，则p2为0；如果Pb删除了一个空闲单元，则p2为-2。中间设备还可以包含多个设备，执行方法类似。接收端设备Pc从相邻的上游设备Pb接收到数据流之后，提取数据流中的增量标记p2，并根据增量标记p2进行空闲单元反增删，即恢复出业务的原始数据流。空闲单元反增删，即原始数据流增加了p2个空闲单元，则接收端设备Pc删除p2个空闲单元，或者原始数据流删除了p2个空闲单元，则接收端设备Pc增加p2个空闲单元。恢复后的原始数据流和Pa中进行空闲单元增删之前的原始数据流具有相同数量的空闲单元。因此，接收端设备Pc可以根据恢复后的原始数据流获取到原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
图2b是本发明实施例提供的一种灵活以太网的业务传输示意图。如图2b所示，业务从客户设备Cb发送到客户设备Ca，执行的流程和图2a相反，例如，图2b中Pc执行的步骤和图2a中Pa的步骤相同，图2b中Pa执行的步骤和图2a中Pc执行的步骤相同。
下面对本发明实施例中的空闲单元增删数量标记的原理进行示例性的说明。原始数据流的数据格式可以包括编码后的数据格式，还可以包括未编码的数据格式。空闲单元的格式可以包括空闲码块、空闲字节单元等。
对编码后的数据格式，以64B/66B编码为例进行说明：
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图。如图3所示，原始数据流中，把开始码块S、结束码块T，以及多个码块D看作一个分组，任意两个分组之间可能存在多个空闲码块Idle。空闲码块还可以存在于分组之内。图3中，包括分组1和分组2。分组1和分组2可以是相邻的分组，或者分组1和分组2之间还可以存在其他分组。把分组1的开始码块 和分组2的开始码块之间的码块看作一个区段数据流，长度为k(包含分组1的开始码块，不包含分组2的开始码块)。本发明实施例中，区段数据流k不包含分组2的开始码块，当然，也可以包含分组2的分组码块，本发明不作限定。
发送端设备接收到原始数据流之后，还可以对原始数据流进行延迟，例如图3中示出了延迟一个码块的情况。对原始数据流进行延迟之后，发送端设备或中间设备可以对空闲码块进行增删操作，例如图3中示出了删除一个Idle和增加一个Idle的情况。可以在原始数据流中插入增量标记p，用于标识进行空闲码块增删后的数据流相对原始数据流的Idle增删的数量。例如，原始数据流未进行Idle增删时，在码块301中插入的增量标记p为0。原始数据流删除了一个Idle时，在码块302中插入的增量标记p为-1。原始数据流增加了一个Idle时，在码块303中插入的增量标记p为+1。接收端设备将经过空闲码块增删的数据流恢复为原始数据流。
以太网(包括灵活以太网)数据帧中的开始码块为比特图案固定的码块，并且在传输的过程中不发生改变，因此包含冗余信息，可以用于携带增量标记p等信息。例如，在媒质不相关接口(Media Independent Inteface，MII)接口上，前导码元包括8个字节的发送(字符)数据(Transmit(character)Data，TXD)/接收(字符)数据(Received(character)Data，RXD)，并通过8个比特的发送(字符)控制(信号)(Transmit(character)Control(signals)，TXC)/接收(字符)控制(信号)(Received(character)Control(signals)，RXC)指示。例如前导码元的<TXC,TXD>为：<1,0xFB><0,0x55><0,0x55><0,0x55><0,0x55><0,0x55><0,0x55><0,0xD5>。其中，0xFB为帧开始控制字符“/S/”，0xD5为帧开始定界符(Start of Frame Delimiter，SFD)。前导码元编码后的数据格式称为开始码块，8字节的前导码元边界与64B/66B码块的边界对齐，例如“/S/”与开始码块的边界对齐。图4为本发明实施例提供的一种开始码块的64B/66B编码格式示意图，包含同步头“10”和控制码块类型“0x78”。
在开始码块中插入增量标记p，可以将开始码块更改为通过预设图案进行标识的码块。图5为本发明实施例提供的六种码块的格式示意图。例如，码块501在图4所示的开始码块的基础上，将D1的“0x55”更改为“0x00”，将D7的“0xD5”更改为“0xFF”。码块502，将D1更改为“0xA”。码块503，将D7更改为“0xAA”。码块504，将D7更改为“0xA”。码块505，将D1更改为“0xAA”，将D7更改为“0xAA”。码块506，将D1更改为“0xA”，将D7更改为“0xA”。上述六种码块中，可以利用D2、D3、D4、D5、D6来携带增量标记p。还可以采用其他预设图案进行标识码块，图6为本发明实施例提供的三种码块的格式示意图。如图6所示，码块601、602采用预设图案为“0x4B+0xA”标识码块格式。码块603，将控制码块类型“0x78”更改为“0xFF”。具体实现方式不限于图5和图6中示出的码块格式，只要能将携带p的开始码块标识出来即可。
为了降低处理延时，减小缓存空间，还可以在图3的基础上进行区段划分。图7为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图。如图7所示，将长度为k的数据流分成两个区段，长度分别为k1、k2。其中，可以在区段k1之后的第一个码块701(空闲码块)插入增量标记pk1，用于标识区段k1中空闲码块增删的数量。在区段k2之后的第一个码块702(开始码块)插入增量标记pk2，用于标识区段k2中空闲码块增删的数量。在空闲码块和开始码块分别插入增量标记pk1、pk2时，可以将空闲码块和开始码块更改为通过预设图案进行标识的码块，参见图5和图6所示的实施例，此处不再赘述。可选地，可以对携带pk1的空闲码 块701和携带pk2的开始码块702采用不同预设图案进行标识，以便于接收端设备快速恢复出原来的码块。由于开始码块和结束码块通常是成对出现的，以满足开始码块中的字符“/S/”和结束码块中的字符“/T/”的配对关系。用于插入增量标记pk1的空闲码块可以看作是一个分组的开始码块，可选地，还可以将携带pk1的码块后续的任意一个空闲码块设置为结束码块。
为了确保增量标记p、pk1、pk2等的可靠性，还可以对增量标记p、pk1、pk2等字段进行校验。例如，图8中示出了一种码块格式，针对增量标记p设置循环冗余校验(Cyclic Redundancy Check，CRC)校验位，如CRC8，以便接收端设备对传输可靠性进行验证。
可以在原始数据流中的全部开始码块或部分开始码块中插入增量标记。在开始码块或空闲码块中插入增量标记，实际上是将开始码块或空闲码块替换为携带增量标记的码块。可以先将开始码块或空闲码块更改为预设图案标识的码块，然后在预设图案标识的码块插入增量标记；或者先在开始码块或空闲码块中插入增量标记，然后再将插入增量标记后的开始码块或空闲码块更改为预设图案标识的码块。还可以将携带增量标记的预设图案标识码块直接插入开始码块或空闲码块的位置，本发明不作限定。
对未编码的数据格式，以四字节粒度进行增删的数据格式进行说明：
对于未编码的数据格式，空闲单元可以包括多个空闲字节，例如，可以基于4字节粒度的空闲单元或8字节粒度的空闲单元进行空闲字节增删。8字节可以与一个64B/66B码块对应，因此与编码后的处理方式类似。图9为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图。如图9所示，MII字节数据流<TXC/RXC，TXD/RXD>与64B/66B码块具有一一对应的关系。例如，8个空闲字节“/i/”对应一个空闲码块，8个数据字节“/d/”对应一个数据码块，以帧开始控制字符“/S/”为起始位置的8字节对应一个开始码块。图9中示出了三种情形，其中，第一种情形，原始数据流中，帧开始控制字符“/S/”对应64B/66B码块的第五个位置。第二种情形，在原始数据流的基础上删除了四个空闲字节901，帧开始控制字符“/S/”对应64B/66B码块的第一个位置。第三种情形，在原始数据流的基础上增加了四个空闲字节902，帧开始控制字符“/S/”对应64B/66B码块的第一个位置。
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图。如图10所示，在数据流中插入增量标记p。增量标记p可以以字节为单位标识空闲字节增删的数量，也可以以四字节为单位标识空闲字节增删的数量，还可以以八字节为单位标识空闲字节增删的数量。图10中，在原始数据流的帧开始控制字符“/S/”所在的八字节单元1001或1002(称为前导码元字节单元)插入增量标记p。即，增量标记p可以标识前导码元字节单元之前的区段数据流的空闲字节增删的数量。图10中，八字节单元1001的帧开始控制字符“/S/”对应64B/66B码块的第五个位置，八字节单元1002的帧开始控制字符/S/”对应64B/66B码块的第一个位置。并且，携带p的八字节单元可以采用“0x00”、“0xFF”等预设字节进行标识。可选地，还可以采用C字段(CRC)对字段k进行校验。
为了降低处理延时，减小缓存空间，还可以在图10的基础上，参照图7所示的方法，将长度k的数据流进行区段划分，分为长度为k1、k2的两段数据流。图11为本发明实施例提供的一种数据流的格式示意图。如图11所示，可以在区段k1的之后的第一个八字节单元1101、1103或1104(空闲字节单元)插入增量标记pk1，用于标识区段k1中空闲字节增删的数量。在区段k2之后的第一个八字节单元1102(前导码元字节单元)插入增量标记pk2，用于标识区段k2中空闲字节增删的数量。开始控制字符“/S/”可以对应64B/66B码块的第 一个位置或第五个位置。携带pk1的八字节单元可以采用预设的字节进行标识，例如，八字节单元1101采用“0xFF”、“0x00”，八字节单元1103、1104分别采用“0x9C”、“0xF0”等字节。携带pk2的八字节单元1102可以采用“0x00”、“0xFF”等预设字节进行标识。可选地，对于携带pk1的空闲字节单元和携带pk2的前导码元字节单元，可以采用不同预设字节进行标识，以便于接收端设备快速恢复出原来的八字节单元。可选地，还可以采用C字段(CRC)对字段pk1、pk2进行校验。
可以在原始数据流中的全部前导码元字节单元或部分前导码元字节单元中插入增量标记。在前导码元字节单元或空闲字节单元中插入增量标记，实际上是将前导码元字节单元或空闲字节单元替换为携带增量标记的单元。可以先在前导码元字节单元或空闲字节单元中插入预设字节，然后在预设字节标识的单元插入增量标记；或者先在前导码元字节单元或空闲字节单元中插入增量标记，然后再将插入增量标记后的前导码元字节单元或空闲字节单元插入预设字节。还可以将携带增量标记和预设字节的单元直接插入前导码元字节单元或空闲字节单元的位置，本发明不作限定。
8字节的MII字节数据流与64B/66B码块具有对应关系。因此，携带pk1、pk2的八字节单元，可以对应如图12所示的编码块格式。如图12所示，图10的八字节单元1001、1002和图11的八字节单元1102可以对应码块1201。图11的八字节单元1101可以对应码块1202。图11的八字节单元1103可以对应码块1203。图11的八字节单元1104对应码块1204或1205。
可见，增量标记p、pk1、pk2可以采用3比特、4比特、8比特等字段长度表示。例如，采用3比特长度时，表达的范围包括-4到+3，采用4比特长度时，表达的范围包括-8到+7，依次类推。可以根据区段数据流划分的长度，选择不同的比特长度。
本发明实施例中，将原始数据流划分为多个区段数据流，针对每个区段数据流，寻找一个能够用于插入增量标记的数据单元，例如，开始单元、空闲单元等。用于插入增量标记的数据单元可以位于被标识的区段数据流的相邻位置，也可以位于不相邻的位置；插入增量标记的数据单元可以位于被标识的区段数据流之前，也可以位于被标识的区段数据流之后，本发明不作限定。并且，用于插入增量标记的数据单元可以标识区段数据流的起始位置，还可以用于标识区段数据流的结束位置。例如，任意一个开始码块可以标识该开始码块所在的区段数据流的起始位置，还可以标识上一个区段数据流的结束位置。
参考上述空闲单元增删数量标记的原理，下面从处理流程上对本发明实施例进行说明。图13是本发明实施例提供的一种发送业务的方法的示范性流程图。如图13所示，该方法可以由灵活以太网的发送端设备执行。包括如下步骤：
S1301，发送端设备获取原始数据流。
本发明实施例中，原始数据流可以为包含分组间隙(Interpacket Gap，IPG)的业务数据流，例如，以太网分组业务数据流。其中，IPG可以为空闲单元，具有多种数据格式，例如包括：媒质访问控制(Media Access Control，MAC)层或以上的空闲报文，MII空闲字节单元，具有物理层编码格式的空闲码块。空闲码块的编码格式例如：64B/66B编码、8B/10B编码、512B/514B编码等。
S1302，在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。例如，增量标记p可以标识第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元增加或删除的数量。第一数据流可以 经过多次空闲单元增删，执行每次空闲单元增删后，增量标记p会进行相应的刷新，以使接收端设备获得最后一次更新的结果。
S1303，发送携带增量标记p的第一数据流。
本发明实施例中，主要以灵活以太网承载40GE业务和10GE业务为例进行说明。100GE或以上的业务和40GE业务的处理流程类似，25GE业务和10GE业务处理流程类似。
40GE业务
为了更清楚地描述本发明实施例的技术方案，首先对40GE的物理接口进行简单说明。其中，40GE物理接口的MII称为40Gbps媒质不相关接口(40Gbps Media Independent Inteface，XLGMII)。XLGMII继承了40GE物理接口对外的时钟频率和时间相位，标称速率为40Gbps/64*(16383/16384)＝625*(16383/16384)MHz。图14为本发明实施例提供的一种40GE物理接口的数据处理流程示意图。如图14所示，40GE物理接口的物理层结构包括物理编码子层(Physical Coding Sub-layer，PCS)、物理媒质连接子层(Physical Medium Attachment，PMA)/物理媒质相关子层(Physical Medium Dependent，PMD)/前向纠错(Forward Error Correction，FEC)。40GE物理接口的物理层结构还包括调和适配子层(Reconciliation Sub-layer，RS)，图中未示出。XLGMII接口位于RS和PCS之间。其中，PCS的发送方向处理步骤，可以包括编码、扰码、多通道分发、对齐码块(Alignment Marker，AM)插入等。PCS的接收方向处理步骤，可以包括多通道码元同步、AM锁定和通道对齐、误码率(Bit Error Rate，BER)监控、通道重排和合并为串行码元、AM删除、解扰码、解码等。图14所示的处理步骤可以参照现有技术。发送方向上，PCS从XLGMII接口接收到数据流后，需要将数据流分发到多个通道中(多通道分发)，以及在每个通道上插入AM(AM插入)。接收方向上，PCS将数据流发送到XLGMII接口之前，从多个通道接收到数据流，对多个通道的数据流进行对齐、重新排序，恢复串行的数据流(多通道码元同步、AM锁定和通道对齐、通道重排和合并为串行码元)，并删除每个通道的AM(AM删除)，然后进行解扰码和解码。
其中，原始数据流可以从40GE物理接口接收，则步骤S1302可以在40GE物理接口接收方向上的解扰码之后执行，可以在解码之前或解码之后执行。本发明实施例可以基于图14所示的数据处理流程来实现，但不限于图14所示的例子，例如，数据处理流程可以不包含AM删除步骤。图15为本发明实施例提供的一种AM格式转换示意图。如图15所示，可以在AM锁定和多通道对齐之后，将AM码块替换为一种特殊码块，例如，图16所示的四种码块。如图16所示，AM0、AM1、AM2、AM3分别替换为码块1601、1602、1603、1604。或者，AM0、AM1、AM2、AM3也可以替换为四个相同的码块，例如上述四种码块中的任意一种。
图17为本发明实施例提供的一种发送端设备1700的结构示意图。如图17所示，发送端设备1700通过40GE物理接口PMA/PMD/FEC 1701接收原始数据流，40GE物理接口PCS接收处理1702可以参见图14所示的接收方向处理步骤。插入增量标记p 1704可以在PCS接收处理1702的过程中实现，也可以在PCS接收处理1702之后实现。可选地，在插入增量标记p 1704之前，可以执行空闲单元增删1703来使得速率适配。然后，插入增量标记p的第一数据流可以通过灵活以太网物理接口(或接口组)1705形成的40GE逻辑端口1706发送出去。
10GE业务
图18为本发明实施例提供的一种10GE物理接口的数据处理流程示意图。10GE物理接口的MII称为XGMII，XGMII采用32比特的数据位宽，帧开始控制字符和4字节边界对齐，即帧 开始控制字符可能位于64B/66B码块的第五个位置或第一个位置。如图18所示，10GE物理接口的物理层结构和40GE物理接口类似。PCS的发送方向处理步骤，可以包括编码和扰码。PCS的接收方向处理步骤，可以包括码元同步、解扰码和解码。由于目前灵活以太网是基于100GE物理接口，按照64B/66B码块进行时分复用(Time Division Multiplex，TDM)划分逻辑端口，因此，需要对10GE业务进行码块类型转换。也就是说，在PCS的接收方向上，先进行解码(例如64B/66B解码)，然后基于解码后的MII字节数据流进行空闲字节的增删。例如，如果帧开始控制字符位于64B/66B码块的第五个位置时，可以通过空闲字节增删的方式将数据流整体向前或向后移动4个字节，以使帧开始控制字符和64B/66B码块的边界对齐。
其中，原始数据流可以从10GE物理接口接收，则步骤S1302可以在10GE物理接口接收方向上的解码之后或解码之前执行。本发明实施例可以基于图18所示的数据处理流程来实现，但不限于图18所示的例子。例如，数据处理流程可以不包含解码步骤，则S1302可以在解扰码之后执行。
图19为本发明实施例提供的一种发送端设备1900的结构示意图。如图19所示，发送端设备1900通过10GE物理接口PMA/PMD/FEC 1901接收原始数据流，10GE物理接口PCS接收处理1902可以参见图18所示的接收方向处理步骤。插入增量标记p 1904可以在PCS接收处理1902的过程中实现，也可以在PCS接收处理1902之后实现。可选地，在插入增量标记p 1904之前，可以执行空闲单元增删1903来使得速率适配。然后，对插入增量标记p的第一数据流进行编码，通过灵活以太网物理接口(或接口组)1906形成的10GE逻辑端口1907将第一数据流发送出去。可选地，空闲单元增删1903和插入增量标记p 1904可以在编码1905之前执行，也可以在编码1905之后执行。如果PCS接收处理没有解码，此处也不需要编码。
在执行S1302之前，发送端设备可以对原始数据流中的空闲单元进行增加或删除，以适配不同的物理接口或逻辑端口之间的速率差异。在进行空闲单元增删的过程中，需要设置一定的缓存空间。在灵活以太网承载业务的过程中，可能存在队列水位偏高但无法删除空闲单元，或者队列水位偏低但无法插入空闲单元的情况。因此，需要对缓存空间，即缓存队列深度进行合理的设置，使得缓存空间能够支持一定的水位变化，例如+/-3个空闲单元。对于灵活以太网络设备，例如发送端设备，按照上游时钟接收原始数据，进行缓存，并且按照下游时钟发送缓存数据。可以在缓存队列入队时执行空闲单元增删和插入增量标记p，则出队时只需按照下游时钟发送缓存数据。也可以在缓存队列出队时进行空闲单元增删和插入增量标记p，则入队时按照上游时钟接收原始数据并进行缓存。下面以入队时执行空闲单元增删和插入增量标记p为例进行说明。
图20是本发明实施例提供的几种缓存队列入队的示意图。图20示出了一些缓存队列入队的情形，实际中不限于图中的几种情况。例如，队列水位存在偏高、偏低和正常的情况。队列水位偏高时，需要删除空闲单元，队列水位偏低时，需要增加空闲单元，队列水位正常时，不需要增删空闲单元。图20的左列，当队列水位偏高，队列的尾部(接收侧)存在空闲单元时，则允许删除空闲单元。图20的右列，当队列水位偏低，队列的尾部的数据为分组之间的数据时，则允许增加空闲单元(例如只允许在分组之间增加空闲单元)。64字节的以太网分组对应10个码块，1.5k字节的最长帧约192个码块，9.6k字节的超长帧约1200个码块。两个时钟频率的偏差范围为+/-100ppm，相差200ppm的时候，一个空闲单元的增删对应的区段长度约为1/0.0002＝5000，可能包括多个分组。在增加或删除一个空闲单 元时，可以在开始单元(例如分组的开始码块或前导码元字节单元)中插入增量标记p。如果在很长的数据区段中都没有开始单元，或者开始单元承载了其他信息而无法用于承载增量标记p，则可以在空闲单元中插入增量标记p。例如图20的虚线框中，删除了两个空闲单元后，p＝-2，则可以在当前入队的空闲单元上插入增量标记p。同理，增加了两个空闲单元后，p＝+2，也可以在当前入队的空闲单元上插入增量标记p。
下面对如何插入增量标记p进行示例性的说明。图21为本发明实施例提供的一种增量标记插入的方法流程图。如图21所示，S2100，从原始数据流中接收到一个数据单元。其中，数据单元的数据格式可以包括码块、字节等。例如，数据单元的数据格式为码块，原始数据流的数据单元可以包括开始码块S、结束码块T、码块D以及空闲码块Idle，还可以包括AM码块等。S2101，检测当前的队列水位，如果队列水位偏低，则执行S2102，判断队列当前位置是否允许增加空闲单元。如果队列当前位置允许增加空闲单元，则执行S2103，在队列尾部增加n(n≥1)个空闲单元，使得队列水位恢复正常，并且计数器p＝p+n。S2101，检测当前的队列水位，如果队列水位偏高，则执行S2104，判断队列当前位置是否允许删除空闲单元。如果当前位置允许删除空闲单元，则执行S2105，在队列尾部删除n(n≥1)个空闲单元，使得队列水位恢复正常，并且计数器p＝p-n。在执行S2103或S2105之后，执行S2106，判断当前数据单元是否存在标定机会。当前数据单元存在标定机会的一种情况是，当前数据单元为开始单元(例如，开始码块或前导码元字节单元)，则执行S2108，在当前的数据单元插入增量标记p，同时计数器p清零。当前数据单元存在标定机会的另一种情况是，当前数据单元为空闲单元。为了避免过度地利用空闲单元进行标定，还可以设置空闲单元标定的策略。例如，S2107，当前计数器p的绝对值大于或等于预设的阈值，如|p|≥2，则执行S2108。S2107为可选的步骤，还可以采用其他空闲单元标定的策略，例如，采用计数器k来统计自上一次标定位置起进入队列的数据单元的数量，在S2100中，设置k＝k+1。可选地，S2107，如果计数器k的值大于或等于预设的阈值，则执行S2108。最后，S2109，当前数据单元进入队列，结束流程，接收原始数据流的下一个数据单元。当存在以下任意一种情况时：队列水位正常、队列当前位置不允许增删或删除空闲单元、当前数据单元不存在标定机会、不满足空闲单元标定的策略条件，将当前数据单元送入队列，结束流程。
上述计数器p或计数器k的阈值设定，可以参照承载增量标记p的比特长度，比特长度越长，则阈值可以设置得越大。
可以先将当前数据单元替换为预设格式的单元，然后再插入增量标记p。也可以先插入增量标记p，再将当前数据单元替换为预设格式的单元。可以直接在当前数据单元的冗余字段或空闲字段插入增量标记p。如何在数据单元中插入增量标记p可以参考前文中空闲单元增删数量标记的原理，此处不再赘述。
本发明实施例中，发送端设备在原始数据流中携带增量标记p，用于标识经过空闲单元增删后的第一数据流相对于原始数据流中空闲单元变化的数量，以使接收端设备能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
发送端设备发送的第一数据流，可以经过至少一个中间设备传输，到达接收端设备。中间设备可以对第一数据流进行空闲单元的增删，以适配线路上的速率差异。中间设备在进行空闲单元增删之后，需要对增量标记p进行更新，也可以增加新的增量标记。中间设 备插入或更新的增量标记用于标识本设备上进行空闲单元增删后的数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。中间设备更新或插入增量标记的方式和发送端设备类似。
图22是本发明实施例提供的一种中间设备的结构示意图。如图22所示，中间设备通过其中一个灵活以太网40GE逻辑端口接收第一数据流，对第一数据流进行空闲单元增删、插入或更新增量标记p等处理，通过另一个灵活以太网40GE逻辑端口将处理后的第一数据流发送出去。图23为本发明实施例提供的一种中间设备的结构示意图。如图23所示，中间设备通过其中一个灵活以太网10GE逻辑端口接收第一数据流，对第一数据流进行空闲单元增删、插入或更新增量标记p等处理，通过另一个灵活以太网10GE逻辑端口将处理后的第一数据流发送出去。可选地，针对10GE逻辑端口的设备，空闲单元增删、插入或更新增量标记p等处理可以在解码之后以及编码之前执行。图23中的解码器和编码器是可选的模块，也可以省略。
图24是本发明实施例提供的一种接收业务的方法的示范性流程图。如图24所示，该方法可以由灵活以太网的接收端设备执行。包括如下步骤：
S2401，接收端设备接收第一数据流。
本发明实施例中，第一数据流的数据格式可以和原始数据流相同，也可以和原始数据流不同。例如，原始数据流是未经过编码的数据流，第一数据流是经过编码后的数据流。
S2402，在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，其中，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。例如，增量标记p可以标识第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元增加或删除的数量。第一数据流可以经过多次空闲单元增删，执行每次空闲单元增删后，增量标记p会进行相应的刷新，以使接收端设备获得最后一次更新的结果。
S2403，根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
本发明实施例中，主要以灵活以太网承载40GE业务和10GE业务为例进行说明。100GE或以上的业务和40GE业务的处理流程类似，25GE业务和10GE业务处理流程类似。
40GE业务
本发明实施例可以基于图14所示的数据处理流程来实现，但不限于图14所示的例子，例如，数据处理流程可以不包含AM插入步骤。第一数据流可以从40GE逻辑接口接收，则步骤S2402、S2403可以在40GE物理接口发送方向上的扰码之前执行，可以在编码之前或编码之后执行。
图25为本发明实施例提供的另一种接收端设备2500的结构示意图。如图25所示，接收端设备2500通过灵活以太网物理接口(接口组)2501形成的40GE逻辑端口2502接收第一数据流，将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流之后，可以将恢复后的原始数据流通过40GE物理接口PMA/PMD/FEC 2505发送给客户设备。其中，40GE物理接口PCS发送处理2506可以参见图14所示的发送方向处理步骤。提取增量标记p 2503和原始数据恢复2504可以在PCS发送处理2506的过程中实现，也可以在40GE逻辑端口2502中实现，还可以独立地实现。
10GE业务
本发明实施例可以基于图18所示的数据处理流程来实现，但不限于图18所示的例子，例如，数据处理流程可以不包含编码步骤。其中，原始数据流可以从10GE逻辑端口接收，则步骤S2402、S2403可以在10GE物理接口发送方向上的编码之后或编码之前执行。
图26为本发明实施例提供的另一种接收端设备2600的结构示意图。如图26所示，接收 端设备2600通过灵活以太网物理接口(接口组)2601形成的10GE逻辑端口2602接收第一数据流，将第一数据流恢复为原始数据流之后，可以将恢复后的原始数据流通过10GE物理接口PMA/PMD/FEC 2606发送给客户设备。10GE物理接口PCS发送处理2607可以参见图18所示的发送方向处理步骤。提取增量标记p 2604和原始数据恢复2605可以在PCS发送处理2607的过程中上实现，也可以在10GE逻辑端口2602中实现，还可以独立地实现。可选地，提取增量标记p 2604和原始数据恢复2605可以在解码2603之后执行，也可以在解码2603之前执行。
图27为本发明实施例提供的一种增量标记提取的方法流程图。如图27所示，S2701，从第一数据流中接收到一个数据单元。其中，数据单元的数据格式可以包括码块、字节等。例如，数据单元的数据格式为码块，第一数据流的数据单元可以包括开始码块S、结束码块T、码块D以及空闲码块Idle等。S2702，如果当前数据单元中携带增量标记p，则执行S2703，将增量标记p的值和“0”进行比较。S2704，如果p<0，则在当前的数据单元之前增加p个空闲单元。S2705，如果p>0，则在当前的数据单元之前删除p个空闲单元。在执行S2704或S2705之后，执行S2706。如果p＝0，直接执行S2706，将当前数据单元恢复为原始数据单元。如果当前数据单元在插入增量标记之前为空闲单元，则恢复为空闲单元，如果当前数据单元在插入增量标记之前为开始单元，则恢复为开始单元。S2707，将恢复为原始数据单元的当前数据单元发送到缓存队列中。S2708，结束流程，继续接收第一数据流的下一个数据单元。S2702，如果当前数据单元没有携带增量标记p，则将当前数据单元发送到缓存队列。S2708，结束流程，继续接收第一数据流的下一个数据单元。通过上述方法流程，恢复后的数据流和发送端设备获取到的原始数据流具有相同数量的空闲单元，实现了原始数据流的恢复。
图28为本发明实施例提供的一种时钟频率恢复的系统结构示意图。如图28所示，发送端设备2801和中间设备2802可能会对空闲单元进行增删，以实现速率适配，因此时钟频率在传输的过程中会发生变化。发送端设备2801接收到时钟频率为f0的原始数据流，发送时钟频率为f1的第一数据流。第一数据流可能经过至少一个中间设备，中间设备2802也可能会改变第一数据流的时钟频率，例如从f1到f2。接收端设备2803将第一数据流的时钟频率f2恢复为原始数据流的时钟频率f0′。恢复后的时钟频率f0′可能和原始的时钟频率f0有细微的差别，但是二者的差别在允许的范围内时，可以认为是恢复出原始的时钟频率。
本发明实施例中，主要对接收端设备2803如何恢复原始时钟频率进行说明。发送端设备2801在进行空闲单元增删之后，插入增量标记p。中间设备2802进行空闲单元增删后，插入或更新增量标记p。接收端设备2803对增量标记p进行提取。在收发数据的过程中，发送端设备2801、中间设备2802和接收端设备2803需要设置一定的缓存空间。可以对缓存队列设置平均水位、水位上限、水位下限，使得缓存队列能够支持一定的水位变化。在接收端设备2803中，缓存队列的深度可以根据增量标记p的大小进行实时调整，例如，p的绝对值较大时，队列的深度较高。可以参考图27的方法流程，将第一数据流的数据单元送入缓存队列中，并恢复为原始数据流。接收端设备2803可以实时监测队列的平均水位变化，当平均水位逐渐增高时，逐渐增大队列输出原始数据流的时钟频率；当平均水位逐渐降低时，逐渐减小队列输出原始数据流的时钟频率。可以采用时钟处理电路对队列输出原始数据流的时钟频率进行平滑滤波，以保持队列的平均水位趋于稳定不变，以实现原始时钟频率f0′的稳定生成。
本发明实施例中，接收端设备从第一数据流中提取增量标记p，用于识别经过空闲单元增删后的第一数据流相对于原始数据流中空闲单元变化的数量；并能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
图29为本发明实施例提供的一种发送业务的装置2900的结构示意图。该装置2900可以为灵活以太网设备、以太网设备、OTN设备、SDH设备等。如图29所示，该装置2900可以包括：获取模块2901、标记模块2902和发送模块2903。本发明实施例中，对各个功能模块进行逻辑上的划分，划分的方式不唯一。例如，各个模块可以为独立的电路模块，还可以为集成到一个电路模块中。各个模块可以通过芯片等集成电路的形式实现。本发明实施例的发送业务的装置可以执行如图13所示实施例的方法步骤。
获取模块2901，用于获取原始数据流；标记模块2902，用于在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；发送模块2903，用于发送所述第一数据流。
可选地，所述标记模块2902，用于：从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；在所述第一区段数据流的第一位置插入增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p为用于标识所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。可选地，可以在获取到第一区段数据流之后，对第一区段数据流进行空闲单元增删，并通过增量标记p标记空闲单元增删的数量。
可选地，所述标记模块2902，用于：识别所述原始数据流的开始单元；将所述开始单元所在的位置确定为所述第一位置。
可选地，所述标记模块2902，用于：设置所述增量标记p的阈值；当所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量大于或等于所述阈值时，识别所述原始数据流的第一空闲单元；将所述第一空闲单元所在的位置确定为第一位置。
所述装置2900还包括增删模块：所述增删模块，用于在所述原始数据流中增加和/或删除n个空闲单元，根据所述n个空闲单元确定所述增量标记p；当增加n个空闲单元时，p等于n；当删除n个空闲单元时，p等于-n。
本发明实施例中，发送业务的装置在原始数据流中携带增量标记p，用于标识经过空闲单元增删后的第一数据流相对于原始数据流中空闲单元变化的数量，以使接收业务的装置能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
图30为本发明实施例提供的一种接收业务的装置3000的结构示意图。该装置3000可以为灵活以太网设备、以太网设备、OTN设备、SDH设备等。如图30所示，该装置3000可以包括：接收模块3001、提取模块3002和恢复模块3003。本发明实施例中，对各个功能模块进行逻辑上的划分，划分的方式不唯一。例如，各个模块可以为独立的电路模块，还可以为集成到一个电路模块中。各个模块可以通过芯片等集成电路的形式实现。本发明实施例的发送业务的装置可以执行如图24所示实施例的方法步骤。
接收模块3001，用于接收第一数据流；提取模块3002，用于在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化 的数量；恢复模块3003，用于根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
可选地，所述提取模块3002，用于：从所述第一数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流中的第一位置；从所述第一位置中提取增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。可选地，所述第一位置为开始单元所在的位置或第一空闲单元所在的位置。
所述恢复模块3003，用于：当所述增量标记p大于0时，在所述第一数据流中增加p个空闲单元；当所述增量标记p小于0时，在所述第一数据流中减少p的绝对值个空闲单元。
所述装置3000还包括：时钟模块，用于获取所述原始数据流的时钟频率。
本发明实施例中，接收业务的装置从第一数据流中提取增量标记p，用于识别经过空闲单元增删后的第一数据流相对于原始数据流中空闲单元变化的数量；并能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
图31为本发明实施例提供的一种网络系统的结构示意图。该网络系统可以为灵活以太网、以太网、OTN、SDH网络等。如图31所示，该网络系统可以包括至少两个网络设备，例如网络设备3101、网络设备3102。每一个网络设备可以为发送网络设备，也可为接收网络设备，可以具有如图29和/或图30所示的结构。
图32为本发明是实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图。该网络设备可以为灵活以太网设备、以太网设备、OTN设备、SDH设备等。如图32示，网络设备3200可以包括：处理器3201、存储器3202、至少一个网络接口(例如网络接口3203、网络接口3204)、处理芯片3205。
处理器3201可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，微处理器，网络处理器(Network Processing Unit，NPU)，应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或者至少一个集成电路，用于执行相关程序，以实现本发明实施例所提供的技术方案。
存储器3202可以是只读存储器(Read Only Memory，ROM)，静态存储设备，动态存储设备或者随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)。存储器3202可以存储操作系统和其他应用程序。在通过软件或者固件来实现本发明实施例提供的技术方案时，用于实现本发明实施例提供的技术方案的程序代码保存在存储器3202中，并由处理器3201来执行。
网络接口3203、3204使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置，来实现网络设备3200与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。例如，网络接口3203、3204可以具有发送功能或接收功能，也可以同时具有发送功能和接收功能。这里，网络接口3203、3204可以为逻辑端口(例如由若干时隙形成的逻辑端口)，也可以为物理接口(例如100G的灵活以太网物理接口)。
处理芯片3205，可以通过ASIC、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field－Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)等实现。可以为实现本发明技术方案的专用芯片，还可以为包含本发明技术方案功能的通用芯片。
一个例子中，网络设备3200通过网络接口3203或3204获取原始数据流。网络设备3200通过处理器3201执行保存于存储器3202的代码或者处理芯片3205执行自身存储的代码，实现：在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。通过网络接口3203或3204发送所述第一数据流。
另一个例子中，网络设备3200通过网络接口3203或3204接收第一数据流。网络设备3200通过处理器3201执行保存于存储器3202的代码或者处理芯片3205执行自身存储的代码，实现：在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
具体地，通过图32所示的网络设备3200可以实现本发明任意一个实施例的技术方案。例如，图29的装置2900和图30的装置3000可以采用网络设备3200的结构和方案来实现。应注意，尽管图32所示的网络设备3200仅仅示出了处理器3201、存储器3202、网络接口3203、3204、处理芯片3205，但是在具体实现过程中，本领域的技术人员应当明白，网络设备3200还包含实现正常运行所必须的其他器件。同时，根据具体需要，本领域的技术人员应当明白，网络设备3200还可包含实现其他附加功能的硬件器件。例如，网络设备3200还包括电源、风扇、时钟单元、主控单元等。此外，本领域的技术人员应当明白，网络设备3200也可仅仅包含实现本发明实施例所必须的器件，而不必包含图32中所示的全部器件。
本发明实施例中，发送端网络设备在原始数据流中携带增量标记p，用于标识经过空闲单元增删后的第一数据流相对于原始数据流中空闲单元变化的数量。因此，接收端网络设备能够根据增量标记p恢复出原始数据流，从而获得原始数据流的时钟频率和时间相位信息，实现了业务的时钟频率和时间相位信息的透传。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种发送业务的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    发送端设备获取原始数据流；
    在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；
    发送所述第一数据流。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，包括：
    从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；
    在所述第一区段数据流的第一位置插入增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p为用于标识所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，包括：
    识别所述原始数据流的开始单元；
    将所述开始单元所在的位置确定为所述第一位置。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，包括：
    设置所述增量标记p的阈值；
    当所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量大于或等于所述阈值时，识别所述原始数据流的第一空闲单元；
    将所述第一空闲单元所在的位置确定为第一位置。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p之前，还包括：
    在所述原始数据流中增加和/或删除n个空闲单元，根据所述n个空闲单元确定所述增量标记p；
    当增加n个空闲单元时，p等于n；
    当删除n个空闲单元时，p等于-n。
  6. 一种接收业务的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    接收端设备接收第一数据流；
    在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；
    根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，包括：
    从所述第一数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流中的第一位置；
    从所述第一位置中提取增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流，包括：
    当所述增量标记p大于0时，在所述第一数据流中增加p个空闲单元；
    当所述增量标记p小于0时，在所述第一数据流中减少p的绝对值个空闲单元。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一位置为开始单元所在的位置或第一空闲单元所在的位置。
  10. 如权利要求6-9任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述原始数据流的时钟频率。
  11. 一种发送业务的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    获取模块，用于获取原始数据流；
    标记模块，用于在所述原始数据流中插入增量标记p，生成第一数据流；其中，所述增量标记p用于标识所述第一数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；
    发送模块，用于发送所述第一数据流。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述标记模块，用于：
    从所述原始数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；
    在所述第一区段数据流的第一位置插入增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p为用于标识所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述标记模块，用于：
    识别所述原始数据流的开始单元；
    将所述开始单元所在的位置确定为所述第一位置。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述标记模块，用于：
    设置所述增量标记p的阈值；
    当所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量大于或等于所述阈值时，识别所述原始数据流的第一空闲单元；
    将所述第一空闲单元所在的位置确定为第一位置。
  15. 如权利要求11-14任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括增删模块：
    所述增删模块，用于在所述原始数据流中增加和/或删除n个空闲单元，根据所述n个空闲单元确定所述增量标记p；
    当增加n个空闲单元时，p等于n；
    当删除n个空闲单元时，p等于-n。
  16. 一种接收业务的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    接收模块，用于接收第一数据流；
    提取模块，用于在所述第一数据流中提取增量标记p，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一数据流相对原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量；
    恢复模块，用于根据所述增量标记p将所述第一数据流恢复为所述原始数据流。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述提取模块，用于：
    从所述第一数据流中获取第一区段数据流，确定所述第一区段数据流中的第一位置；
    从所述第一位置中提取增量标记p，所述第一位置为能够用于承载所述增量标记p的数据单元所在的位置，所述增量标记p用于识别所述第一区段数据流相对所述原始数据流的空闲单元变化的数量。
  18. 如权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述恢复模块，用于：
    当所述增量标记p大于0时，在所述第一数据流中增加p个空闲单元；
    当所述增量标记p小于0时，在所述第一数据流中减少p的绝对值个空闲单元。
  19. 如权利要求17或18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一位置为开始单元所在的位置或第一空闲单元所在的位置。
  20. 如权利要求16-19任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    时钟模块，用于获取所述原始数据流的时钟频率。
  21. 一种网络系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括如权利要求11-15任一所述的装置，以及如权利要求16-20任一所述的装置。
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