WO2018032658A1 - 一种新型混合型直流断路器及功率单元 - Google Patents

一种新型混合型直流断路器及功率单元 Download PDF

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WO2018032658A1
WO2018032658A1 PCT/CN2016/108505 CN2016108505W WO2018032658A1 WO 2018032658 A1 WO2018032658 A1 WO 2018032658A1 CN 2016108505 W CN2016108505 W CN 2016108505W WO 2018032658 A1 WO2018032658 A1 WO 2018032658A1
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branch
power unit
channel branch
circuit breaker
reverse
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PCT/CN2016/108505
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English (en)
French (fr)
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贾娜
钟建英
程铁汉
吴军辉
高树同
魏义涛
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国家电网公司
平高集团有限公司
北京平高清大科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2018032658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018032658A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0812—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
    • H03K17/08128—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in composite switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel hybrid DC circuit breaker and a power unit, belonging to the technical field of direct current transmission.
  • Multi-terminal HVDC and DC grid technologies based on flexible DC are of great significance for greatly improving the ability of the grid to accept renewable energy and achieving long-distance deployment of renewable energy.
  • the inventor patent CN105609344A discloses a DC circuit breaker topology, the solid state switch S of the topology comprising a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistors connected in series (Insulated Gate Bipolar) Transistor, IGBT) modules, each IGBT module consisting of two IGBTs connected in reverse series for bidirectional shutdown fault current.
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • the circuit breaker no longer has a cutting capability in the direction in which the IGBT is turned on, and when any two reverse-conducting IGBTs fail, the open circuit The device no longer has a cut-off function, and the reliability and flexibility of the circuit breaker breaking fault current is poor.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a novel hybrid DC circuit breaker and a power unit, which are used for solving the series connection of the full control type power devices in the DC circuit breaker, thereby causing the DC circuit breaker to break the fault current.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a power unit, where the power unit includes at least one forward channel branch and at least one reverse channel branch connected in parallel; the forward channel branch and reverse The channel branches each include a fully-controlled power device and a diode in series in the same direction, and the forward channel branch and the reverse channel branch have opposite conduction directions.
  • the power unit further includes a capacitor branch; the capacitor branch includes a capacitor, and the capacitor branch is connected in parallel with the forward channel branch and the reverse channel branch.
  • the power unit further includes a bidirectional channel branch, and the bidirectional channel branch includes two fully connected power devices in reverse series.
  • the fully-controlled power device is an IGBT or an integrated gate commutated Thyristor (IGCT).
  • IGBT integrated gate commutated Thyristor
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a novel hybrid DC circuit breaker, which comprises a commutating branch, an open branch and an energy absorption branch connected in parallel; the commutating branch comprises a mechanical switch and At least one converter unit, the breaking branch comprising a plurality of series-connected breaking units, wherein the breaking unit adopts a specific power unit structure, and the specific power unit structure comprises at least a parallel connection a forward channel branch and at least one reverse channel branch, the forward channel branch and the reverse channel branch each comprising a fully-controlled power device and a diode in the same direction, the forward channel branch
  • the conduction direction of the road and reverse channel branches is opposite.
  • the specific power unit structure further includes a capacitor branch, and the capacitor branch includes a capacitor, and the capacitor branch is connected in parallel with the forward channel branch and the reverse channel branch.
  • the specific power unit structure further includes a bidirectional channel branch, and the bidirectional channel branch includes two fully connected power devices in reverse series.
  • the converter unit adopts the specific power unit structure.
  • the fully-controlled power device is an IGBT or an IGCT.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the power unit of the embodiment of the invention adopts the way that the forward channel branch and the reverse channel branch are connected in parallel in comparison with other solutions in the prior art, thereby enhancing the reliability and flexibility of the line.
  • the power unit includes a plurality of forward channel branches and reverse channel branches, the capability of the new hybrid DC circuit breaker to cut off the fault current can be effectively improved.
  • the power unit further includes a parallel capacitor branch for absorbing the fault current, which can effectively reduce the damage effect of the fault current on the power device, and correspondingly improve the service life of the DC circuit breaker.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic diagram of a power unit topology in Embodiment 1;
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic diagram of a power unit topology in Embodiment 2;
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic diagram of a power unit topology in Embodiment 3;
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic diagram of a power unit topology in Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the topology of a new hybrid DC circuit breaker.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a novel hybrid DC circuit breaker and a power unit, the main improvement of which is that a plurality of forward channel branches and a reverse channel branch are connected in parallel, and a capacitor branch is connected in parallel, which is enhanced.
  • the flexibility and reliability of the hybrid DC circuit breaker wiring avoids the impact loss of the fault current to the power device.
  • a power unit embodiment 1 is a power unit embodiment 1;
  • the power unit includes a forward channel branch and a reverse channel branch connected in parallel, wherein the forward channel branch is composed of an IGBT (1) and a diode (2), and the reverse channel branch Routing IGBT (4) and diode (3), and IGBT (1) and IGBT (4) are respectively connected in parallel with a diode, wherein the conduction direction of the forward channel branch is reversed in the direction of the arrow in FIG.
  • the conduction direction of the channel branch is opposite to the conduction direction of the forward channel branch.
  • a power unit embodiment 2 is a power unit embodiment 2;
  • the power unit includes a capacitor branch connected in parallel, a forward channel branch and a reverse channel branch; the capacitor branch includes a capacitor (9), and the forward channel branch routes the IGBT (5) and
  • the diode (6) is composed of a reverse channel branch routing IGBT (8) and a diode (7), and two ends of the IGBT (5) and the IGBT (8) are respectively anti-parallel, wherein the forward channel branch is turned on.
  • the direction is along the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2, and the conduction direction of the reverse channel branch is opposite to the conduction direction of the forward channel branch.
  • a power unit embodiment 3 is a power unit embodiment 3;
  • the power unit includes a capacitor branch connected in parallel, a forward channel branch, a reverse channel branch, and a bidirectional channel branch; wherein the capacitor branch includes a capacitor (16), forward The channel branch routing IGBT (10) and the diode (11) are formed in the same direction series, and the reverse channel branch routing IGBT (15) and the diode (14) are formed in the same direction series, and the bidirectional channel branch routes the IGBT (12) and the IGBT (13).
  • Anti-series composition IGBT (10), IGBT (12), IGBT (13) and IGBT (15) are respectively connected in parallel with a diode, wherein the conduction direction of the forward channel branch is along the direction of the arrow in Figure 3, The conduction direction to the channel branch is opposite to the conduction direction of the forward channel branch.
  • a power unit embodiment 4
  • the power unit includes a capacitor branch connected in parallel, two forward channel branches, and two reverse channel branches; wherein the capacitor branch includes a capacitor (25), the first forward channel
  • the branch routing IGBT (17) and the diode (18) are formed in series in the same direction
  • the second forward channel branch routing IGBT (19) and the diode (20) are formed in the same direction
  • the first reverse channel branch routes the IGBT (22) And diode (21) in the same direction series
  • the second reverse channel branch routing IGBT (24) and the diode (23) are formed in series in the same direction, wherein the conduction direction of the forward channel branch is in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4, and the conduction direction of the reverse channel branch is opposite to the conduction direction of the forward channel branch .
  • IGBTs in the above four power unit embodiments may also be replaced by other fully controlled devices, such as IGCT.
  • the DC circuit breaker includes a commutation branch, an open branch, and an energy absorption branch connected in parallel.
  • the commutating branch includes a mechanical switch and a plurality of commutating units
  • the breaking branch includes a plurality of breaking units connected in series
  • the energy absorption branch includes a lightning arrester unit.
  • the breaking unit adopts the power unit structure of any one of the power unit embodiments 1 to 4, and the description of the power unit structure has been given in detail in the above content, and details are not described herein again.
  • the power conversion unit may adopt the power unit structure of any one of the power unit embodiments 1 to 4, or may adopt the H bridge structure or the half bridge structure in the prior art, and the number of the commutation units is smaller than the breaking unit. .
  • the DC breaker opens the breaking command, the IGBT in the breaking unit is turned on, and the IGBT in the converter unit is turned off.
  • the fast mechanical switch is broken.
  • the IGBT in the breaking unit is turned off, and the fault current charges the parallel capacitor in the breaking unit.
  • the arrester operates, consuming the fault current, DC The breaker is broken.

Abstract

一种混合型直流断路器及功率单元，该直流断路器包括并联连接的换流支路、开断支路和能量吸收支路，开断支路包括若干个串联连接的开断单元，其中开断单元采用一种特定功率单元结构，该特定功率单元结构包括并联连接的至少一个正向通道支路和至少一个反向通道支路，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路均包含同向串联的一个全控型功率器件和一个二极管，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路的导通方向相反。该直流断路器的开断单元通过将多个单通道支路并联连接，有效提高了断路器开断电流的灵活性及可靠性。

Description

一种新型混合型直流断路器及功率单元 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型混合型直流断路器及功率单元，属于直流输电技术领域。
背景技术
基于柔性直流的多端直流输电和直流电网技术对于大幅提高电网接纳可再生能源的能力，实现可再生能源的远距离调配具有重大意义。随着直流电网电压及输电容量的提高，对于直流断路器开断电流的灵活性及可靠性有了更高要求。
公开号为CN105609344A的发明专利“一种混合式直流断路器拓扑结构”公开了一种直流断路器拓扑结构，该拓扑结构的固态开关S包括若干个串联连接的绝缘栅双极晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)模块，每个IGBT模块由两个IGBT反向串联组成，用于实现双向关断故障电流。但是，由于多个IGBT模块串联连接，当其中任何一个IGBT发生故障时，则断路器在该IGBT导通的方向不再具有切断能力，当任意两个反向导通的IGBT发生故障，则该断路器不再具备切断功能，断路器开断故障电流的可靠性和灵活性较差。
因此，基于上述分析，如何在快速隔离故障的同时，增强开断故障电流的灵活性和可靠性，成为混合式高压直流断路器研究中的关键性问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提出一种新型混合型直流断路器及功率单元，用于解决直流断路器中全控型功率器件串联连接，导致直流断路器开断故障电流可 靠性和灵活性较差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供一种功率单元，所述功率单元包括并联连接的至少一条正向通道支路和至少一条反向通道支路；所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路均包含同向串联的一个全控型功率器件和一个二极管，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路的导通方向相反。
上述方案中，所述功率单元还包括一条电容支路；所述电容支路包括一个电容，所述电容支路与所述正向通道支路和所述反向通道支路并联连接。
上述方案中，所述功率单元还包括一条双向通道支路，所述双向通道支路包括两个反向串联的全控型功率器件。
上述方案中，所述全控型功率器件为IGBT或集成门极换流晶闸管(Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors，IGCT)。
本发明实施例还提供一种新型混合型直流断路器，所述直流断路器包括并联连接的换流支路、开断支路和能量吸收支路；所述换流支路包括一个机械开关和至少一个换流单元，所述开断支路包括若干个串联连接的开断单元，其特征在于，所述开断单元采用一种特定功率单元结构，所述特定功率单元结构包括并联连接的至少一条正向通道支路和至少一条反向通道支路，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路均包含同向串联的一个全控型功率器件和一个二极管，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路的导通方向相反。
上述方案中，所述特定功率单元结构还包括一条电容支路，所述电容支路包括一个电容，所述电容支路与所述正向通道支路和所述反向通道支路并联连接。
上述方案中，所述特定功率单元结构还包括一条双向通道支路，所述双向通道支路包括两个反向串联的全控型功率器件。
上述方案中，所述换流单元采用所述的特定功率单元结构。
上述方案中，所述全控型功率器件为IGBT或IGCT。
本发明的有益效果是:与现有技术其他方案相比，本发明实施例的功率单元采用正向通道支路和反向通道支路并联连接的方式，增强了线路的可靠性和灵活性。当该功率单元中包含多条正向通道支路和反向通道支路时，可有效提高新型混合型直流断路器切断故障电流的能力。
另外，所述功率单元中还包含有并联电容支路，用于吸收故障电流，可有效减小故障电流对功率器件的损坏作用，相应提高了直流断路器的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中的功率单元拓扑示意图；
图2是实施例2中的功率单元拓扑示意图；
图3是实施例3中的功率单元拓扑示意图；
图4是实施例4中的功率单元拓扑示意图；
图5是新型混合型直流断路器拓扑结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提出了一种新型混合型直流断路器及功率单元，其主要改进在于：将多条正向通道支路和反向通道支路并联连接，同时并联有一条电容支路，增强了混合式直流断路器接线的灵活性和可靠性，避免了故障电流对功率器件的冲击损耗，下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
一种功率单元实施例1；
参照图1，该功率单元包括并联连接的一个正向通道支路和一个反向通道支路，其中正向通道支路由IGBT(1)和二极管(2)组成，反向通道支 路由IGBT(4)和二极管(3)组成，且IGBT(1)和IGBT(4)的两端分别反并联一个二极管，其中正向通道支路的导通方向沿图1中箭头方向，反向通道支路的导通方向与正向通道支路的导通方向相反。
一种功率单元实施例2；
参照图2，该功率单元包括并联连接的一条电容支路、一个正向通道支路和一个反向通道支路；电容器支路包括一个电容(9)，正向通道支路由IGBT(5)和二极管(6)组成，反向通道支路由IGBT(8)和二极管(7)组成，且IGBT(5)和IGBT(8)的两端分别反并联一个二极管，其中正向通道支路的导通方向沿图2中箭头方向，反向通道支路的导通方向与正向通道支路的导通方向相反。
一种功率单元实施例3；
参照图3，该功率单元包括并联连接的一条电容支路、一条正向通道支路、一条反向通道支路和一条双向通道支路；其中，电容器支路包括一个电容(16)，正向通道支路由IGBT(10)和二极管(11)同向串联组成，反向通道支路由IGBT(15)和二极管(14)组成同向串联，双向通道支路由IGBT(12)和IGBT(13)的反串联组成，IGBT(10)、IGBT(12)、IGBT(13)和IGBT(15)的两端分别反并联一个二极管，其中正向通道支路的导通方向沿图3中箭头方向，反向通道支路的导通方向与正向通道支路的导通方向相反。
一种功率单元实施例4；
参照图4，该功率单元包括并联连接的一条电容支路、两条正向通道支路和两条反向通道支路；其中，电容器支路包括一个电容(25)，第一条正向通道支路由IGBT(17)和二极管(18)同向串联组成，第二条正向通道支路由IGBT(19)和二极管(20)同向串联组成，第一条反向通道支路由IGBT(22)和二极管(21)同向串联组成，第二条反向通道支路由IGBT (24)和二极管(23)同向串联组成，其中正向通道支路的导通方向沿图4中箭头方向，反向通道支路的导通方向与正向通道支路的导通方向相反。
另外，上述四种功率单元实施例中的IGBT还可采用其他全控型器件替代，例如IGCT。
参照实施例3中增加双向通道支路的方式以及实施例4中增加正向通道支路和反向通道支路的方式，在需要的情况下，还可在功率单元中类似增加更多的并联正向通道支路和反向通道支路以及双向通道支路，以增强单元模块的通流能力和灵活性。
一种新型混合型直流断路器实施例；
参照图5，该直流断路器包括并联连接的换流支路、开断支路和能量吸收支路。其中，换流支路包括一个机械开关和若干个换流单元，开断支路包括若干个串联连接的开断单元，能量吸收支路包括避雷器单元。
其中，开断单元采用上述功率单元实施例1至4中任意一种功率单元结构，由于该功率单元结构的介绍已在上述的内容中详细给出，在此不再赘述。
另外，换流单元可以采用上述功率单元实施例1至4中任意一种功率单元结构，也可以采用现有技术中的H桥结构或者半桥结构，且换流单元的个数小于开断单元。
新型混合型直流断路器的工作原理：
当直流电网发生故障，直流断路器发出开断命令后，开断单元中的IGBT导通，换流单元中的IGBT关断，待电流全部转移到开断支路上时，快速机械开关分断，当机械开关的刀闸开距足够大时，关断开断单元中IGBT，故障电流对开断单元中并联的电容进行充电，当电容电压达到避雷器的动作阈值时，避雷器动作，消耗故障电流，直流断路器开断完成。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种功率单元，所述功率单元包括并联连接的至少一条正向通道支路和至少一条反向通道支路；所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路均包含同向串联的一个全控型功率器件和一个二极管，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路的导通方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功率单元，其中，所述功率单元还包括一条电容支路，所述电容支路包括一个电容，所述电容支路与所述正向通道支路和所述反向通道支路并联连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的功率单元，其中，所述功率单元还包括一条双向通道支路，所述双向通道支路包括两个反向串联的全控型功率器件。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的功率单元，其中，所述全控型功率器件为绝缘栅双极晶体管IGBT或集成门极换流晶闸管IGCT。
  5. 一种新型混合型直流断路器，所述直流断路器包括并联连接的换流支路、开断支路和能量吸收支路；所述换流支路包括一个机械开关和至少一个换流单元，所述开断支路包括若干个串联连接的开断单元，所述开断单元采用一种特定功率单元结构，所述特定功率单元结构包括并联连接的至少一条正向通道支路和至少一条反向通道支路，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路均包含同向串联的一个全控型功率器件和一个二极管，所述正向通道支路和反向通道支路的导通方向相反。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的新型混合型直流断路器，其中，所述特定功率单元结构还包括一条电容支路，所述电容支路包括一个电容，所述电容支路与所述正向通道支路和所述反向通道支路并联连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的新型混合型直流断路器，其中，所述特定功率单元结构还包括一条双向通道支路，所述双向通道支路包括两个反 向串联的全控型功率器件。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的新型混合型直流断路器，其中，所述换流单元采用所述的特定功率单元结构。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的新型混合型直流断路器，其中，所述换流单元采用所述的特定功率单元结构。
  10. 根据权利要求5或6所述的新型混合型直流断路器，其中，所述全控型功率器件为绝缘栅双极晶体管IGBT或集成门极换流晶闸管IGCT。
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