WO2018032120A1 - Sistema y método de electrólisis para una alta tasa de transformación de energía eléctrica - Google Patents
Sistema y método de electrólisis para una alta tasa de transformación de energía eléctrica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018032120A1 WO2018032120A1 PCT/CL2017/050040 CL2017050040W WO2018032120A1 WO 2018032120 A1 WO2018032120 A1 WO 2018032120A1 CL 2017050040 W CL2017050040 W CL 2017050040W WO 2018032120 A1 WO2018032120 A1 WO 2018032120A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- pulse
- electrolytic cell
- electrolytic
- central electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 80
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 46
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/01—Electrolytic cells characterised by shape or form
- C25B9/015—Cylindrical cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/13—Single electrolytic cells with circulation of an electrolyte
- C25B9/15—Flow-through cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved electrolysis system and method, implementing a controlled pulse current supply and an electrolytic cell design that optimizes the capacitive and inductive behavior of the cell, resulting in a high rate of electrical energy transformation.
- the system and method of the present invention allow optimum adjustment of the amplitude and proportion of the period of application of the current pulse to maximize the electrical efficiency of the electrochemical process in the electrolytic cell, where the production of said cell is maintained in a regime transient taking advantage of the resonant characteristics of the circuit.
- US 3954592 proposes to work with a current pulse that is not adjusted to maximize electrical efficiency or to take advantage of the design aspects of the electrolytic cell, resulting in unnecessary energy consumption and the unfeasibility of implementing said solution to A competitive industrial scale.
- the technology of US 3954592 patent operates the electrolytic cell focusing on its permanent regime, without taking advantage of the transient states thereof.
- US 4936961 defines a method for the production of a combustible gas, which comprises a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, obtained from water as an electrolyte in a resonant electrical circuit.
- US patent 4936961 does not propose to control pulse operating parameters to maximize electrical efficiency, so it does not take advantage of the design of the electrolytic cell in order to reduce energy consumption in the generation of hydrogen and oxygen.
- a complex solution is proposed that uses physical effects resulting from electromagnetism and resonance to assist the reactions, increasing the electrical consumption of the system.
- the technology of US 4936961 operates the electrolytic cell primarily with a permanent regime approach, not taking advantage of the characteristics of the transient states thereof.
- the efficiency of hydrogen produced in the current solutions the order of 4.9 to 5.6 is kWh per m 3 of hydrogen produced, along 50% to 60% energy efficiency (considering the calorific value or LHV of H2], which may be more expensive than hydrogen obtained from fossil fuels.
- the hydrogen produced in the cathode must be purified as it may contain oxygen impurities and a certain level of humidity. Hydrogen is dried by an adsorbent and oxygen impurities are removed with a DeOxo converter, but alkaline electrolysis is one of the simplest and most economical processes for hydrogen production.
- An objective of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis system and method that maximizes the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process, optimizing the operation of the electrolytic cell, which is reflected in maximizing the electrical efficiency of the production process, calculated according to The following equation:
- the energy of the generated product can be considered as the lower calorific value (LHV, Lower Heating Valué) of 3 ⁇ 4, whose value is 120 [MJ / kg].
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis system and method in which the power supply operation parameters are adjusted, taking advantage of the design aspects of the electrolytic cell in a process modeling that is not primarily a traditional resistive approach. .
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis system and method that implements an electrolytic cell design that optimizes the capacitive, inductive and resistive characteristics of the cell, defining the operating parameters maximum amplitude, frequency and width of current pulses in order to maximize the electrical efficiency of the production process in the electrolytic cell.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a system and method for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen by alkaline electrolysis, optimizing the operating parameters and taking advantage of the design of the electrolytic cell to maximize electrical efficiency.
- the solution of the present invention comprises a system and method with a special electrolysis or electrolyser apparatus, fed with a pulsing current electrical signal, causing the electrolyte to decompose using electricity.
- electrolysis is an electrochemical process of oxidation-reduction separation, which occurs when electrical energy passes through a molten electrolyte or aqueous solution present between the electrodes of an electrolytic cell.
- the aim is to maximize the electric current flowing through the cell, which must be accompanied by the application of a low voltage to minimize energy consumption.
- the present invention models the electrolytic cell in a manner capacitive, that is, as an electric capacitor, where the electrolyte in the cell is considered the dielectric medium of the capacitor.
- This type of modeling of an electrolytic cell is known, its most common way being to define that the cell is composed of two electrodes formed by two parallel plates located at a distance from each other and separated by the electrolyte.
- the present invention contemplates maximizing the capacitive behavior of the cell and modeling it as a real capacitor, that is, including capacitive, inductive and resistive elements as part of the electrolytic cell, focusing its operation on the transient regimes of loading and unloading of the cell acting as condenser.
- the present invention considers the production of the electrolytic cell in its transient regime, that is, taking advantage of the transient periods in the electrical behavior of the cell given by its mainly capacitive and inductive modeling. In its transient or transient regime, the electrolytic cell behaves according to the evolution of the voltage and current in an electric capacitor, establishing an electrochemical production in said transient regime.
- the cell operates completely in transient regime, a differential modeling of Faraday's law being applied to replicate electrochemical production in said regime.
- the differential modeling of the unified Faraday law establishes that the mass obtained in the production process is a function of time, according to the following equation:
- the capacitive characteristics of the electrolytic cell grant an inertial behavior during the times of rise and fall of the capacitor charge, where only the resistive and capacitive effects of the model are appreciated, which can be recreated by the equations associated with electric capacitors and the behavior of their charge.
- the capacitive behavior of the electrolytic cell makes it possible to take advantage of the current peaks that occur with each charging start of the capacitor, considerably reducing the effective resistance of the cell during the occurrence of said peaks.
- the electrolytic cell has a resonant behavior with its own natural resonance frequencies given by its construction and inductive behavior, which is combined with the inertia constants given by the capacitive design.
- the invention is based on an electrical and constructive architecture that enhances parameters and conditions of capacitance and inductance given by the resonant and capacitive models of the cell, granting a design that restricts the coexistence of gas produced and electrolyte on the production surfaces of gases, such as the stacks or stacks of industry standard dry batteries, but favoring the expulsion of the gases produced - by geometry - and implementing current pulses with over-damping transient that favor the release of product bubbles from the plates of the cell.
- dosing of the energy injected into the cell in resonance condition is implemented, defining the periods of energy application, its duration and amplitude to operate the cell with an electrical performance close to optimum.
- the invention proposes the application of a direct current (DC) regime of pulsating wave voltage, for example square, whose pulse width and amplitude are such that the effective average voltage of the wave [V me dw ) is the optimum voltage [V P P amo) of the cell production for the respective electrolysis process, previously identified as cell potential.
- DC direct current
- the cell's potential there is an optimum voltage for the production of the electrolytic cell known as the cell's potential, where said optimum or potential voltage corresponds to the minimum possible voltage to obtain the maximum efficiency in the transfer of energy in the cell production , that is, to carry out the electrochemical reactions for which the cell is arranged, without having losses in the process.
- This parameter defines that any voltage exceeding the optimum is considered as overvoltage or overpotential and, therefore, as a loss of electrical efficiency in the process.
- the optimum cell production voltage can be easily calculated based on the production process associated with electrolysis, considering the oxide-reduction potentials, for example.
- the maximum voltage [V ma x), the duration [ ⁇ ) and the frequency (f) of the pulse wave must be such that, while there is no current supplied to the cell, that is, between intervals of the pulse current supply, the The discharge of the cell according to its capacitive behavior is not greater than a certain value, for example, of 10% of the load value (voltage) reached at the end of the period of supply of the pulsating current.
- the pulse wave duration factor also known as Duty Cycle or Duty Cycle, is a function of the average and maximum pulse voltages generated by the power supply, according to the following equation: wherein the effective average voltage is considered equivalent to the optimum voltage of the electrolysis process as indicated above.
- the diagram of the figure shows a diagram of the voltage signal obtained from the side of the power supply [Vpuente], according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a diagram of the behavior of the voltage signal on the side of the electric charge is shown in the graph of Figure Ib, that is, in the electrolytic cell [V ce ida] according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the period can be determined / pulse wave frequency depending on the following development:
- Vcelda it V c cell max * eRC
- V cell max V cell (DT) is the maximum voltage reached by the cell during charging.
- Vcelda iDT where: is the pulse rate
- R is the resistance parameter of the cell modeled as a capacitor
- C is the capacitance or capacity of the cell modeled as a capacitor
- Vceida (T) and V cell (DT) are the design parameters of the electrolytic cell.
- V cell (T) and V cell (DT) are determined based on the construction characteristics of each electrolytic cell based on its design as a capacitor, considering the evolution of the charge in the charging and discharge regimes of the capacitor and the duration of these regimes depending on the characteristics of the current pulse. In addition, these design parameters should consider the optimal voltage of the electrolysis process that ensures production throughout the entire discharge period.
- the capacitive system of the cell is maintained in operation, there being current circulation through it taking advantage of its resonant characteristics given by its capacitive and inductive modeling, which continuously keep the electrolysis process operational in a transient charge and discharge regime, even when the pulse has ceased, maximizing the energy efficiency of the production process.
- the invention comprises an electrolysis system whose design takes advantage of the resonant and capacitive characteristics of the electrolytic cell, improving the electrolysis process according to the objectives of the present invention.
- said electrolysis system comprises: one or more electrolytic cells, each of said cells being formed by at least one pair of electrodes and an electrolyte disposed between said electrodes, wherein the set of said one or more electrolytic cells define an electrolyzer; and a power supply that supplies an electrical signal to the electrolyser; wherein each electrolytic cell is constructed in the form of a capacitor of cylindrical plates, said cylindrical plates defined by the electrodes of the electrolytic cell, which are formed by tubes arranged substantially concentrically within one another, defining a central electrode, a outer electrode and a space between electrodes, where the central electrode corresponds to the anode of the capacitor, the outer electrode to the cathode of the capacitor and the electrolyte to the dielectric medium of the capacitor; wherein the electrical signal received by the electrolytic cell (s) that
- transient loading and unloading regimes are defined by the construction of each electrolytic cell in the form of a cylindrical plate capacitor.
- the direct current pulse comprises an amplitude, duration and frequency such that each electrolytic cell of the electrolyzer is energized in their respective transient charge and discharge regimes.
- the DC pulse has an amplitude defined by a maximum or peak voltage of the power supply [V max ), and an effective average voltage [V mecUo ], wherein said effective average voltage is defined as the optimum voltage that favors the Electrolytic cell production, known as cell potential.
- the direct current pulse has a duration that is defined by a duration factor [D) of the direct current pulse, or duty cycle, in relation to the period [T] of said pulse, where the duration of the DC pulse corresponds to the product between D and T, where the duty cycle D is defined by the following relationship:
- the direct current pulse generates a current intensity that circulates through each electrolytic cell, wherein said current intensity is defined as: medium
- the electrolysis system also comprises a control unit in communication with the power supply, wherein said control unit operates the power supply to provide the pulse of direct current received by the cell (s). electrolytic electrolyzer.
- the electrolysis system also comprises a control unit in communication with one or more switches arranged between the power supply and the electrolyser, wherein said control unit operates the activation and deactivation of each switch by controlling the duration and frequency of the current pulse received by the electrolytic electrolytic cell (s).
- the control unit can activate and deactivate the switches by supplying the electrical signal provided by the power supply sequentially, distributing the electrical signal over one electrolytic cell at a time for a certain time, thus generating the DC pulse on each cell electrolytic, wherein said determined time corresponds to the duration of the pulse.
- the control unit can activate and deactivate the switches by supplying the electrical signal provided by the power supply sequentially, distributing the electrical signal over a first group of electrolytic cells for a certain time and, once said time has elapsed. , distributing the electrical signal over a second group of electrolytic cells for a certain time, so on the total of the groups that operate within the period T.
- the DC pulse is generated on each group of electrolytic cells that they are part of the electrolyzer, where each group is formed by one or more electrolytic cells connected in series.
- the determined time corresponds to the duration of the pulse.
- the electrolyser comprises two or more groups of electrolytic cells, said groups of electrolytic cells connected in parallel.
- the power supply comprises an AC power source connected to an AC / DC converter.
- the reduction reaction occurs on the inner face of the outer electrode and the oxidation reaction occurs on the outer face of the central electrode, where, alternatively, the oxidation reaction also occurs on the inner face of the central electrode
- the central electrode comprises one or more openings on its surface, which communicate the space between electrodes with the inner space of the central electrode, said openings allowing the free circulation of the electrolyte between said space between electrodes and the space inside of the central electrode.
- the opening or the openings of the central electrode are arranged to allow the product of the oxidation reaction to circulate from the outer face of the central electrode into the inner space.
- the openings are located in different extraction zones of the central electrode, said extraction zones distributed along the less a portion of said electrode, preferably an upper portion thereof.
- Each extraction zone comprises at least one retention device disposed on the outer face of the central electrode, wherein said retention device prevents the circulation of the oxidation reaction product on the outer face of the central electrode, directing said product towards the space inside the central electrode through the perorations or openings.
- the retention device (s) extend in the space between electrodes, leaving an electrolyte circulation space in the vicinity of the inner face of the outer electrode, wherein said circulation space is arranged for free circulation of the product of the reduction reaction.
- the retention device (s) correspond to O-rings housed in a groove disposed on the outer face of the central electrode.
- the central electrode is surrounded by a separation mesh, which facilitates the separation of the products from the reactions that occur inside the cell.
- the electrolysis system also comprises one or more extraction ducts for the product of the oxidation reaction, where each of said ducts is in communication with the inner space of the central electrode.
- the electrolysis system also comprises one or more extraction ducts for the product of the reduction reaction, where each of said ducts is in communication with the space between the electrodes.
- the electrolyzer is formed by a plurality of electrolytic cells, wherein said electrolytic cells are grouped into one or more groups of cells connected in series, wherein said groups of electrolytic cells connected in series are connected between Yes in parallel.
- the electrolytic cell (s) are arranged vertically and operate at atmospheric pressure, where the electrodes that make up the cell are formed by vertical hollow tubes.
- the present invention comprises an electrolysis method for performing oxidation and reduction reactions in the system described above, comprising the steps of: - providing an electrolysis system as described above;
- transient loading and unloading regimes are defined by the construction of each electrolytic cell in the form of a cylindrical plate capacitor.
- the present invention comprises a system and method for the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis or the use of the system and methods described above for said purpose.
- the molten electrolyte is based on water, where the electrolysis apparatus and system allows the water molecule to be separated to obtain hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.
- the electrolysis of water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen the oxidation reaction occurs in the anode and the reduction one in the cathode, as follows:
- an improved electrolysis process is achieved, which maximizes the electrical efficiency of the process, adjusting the operating parameters to minimize energy consumption and optimize the electrolysis process according to the resonant and capacitive design of the electrolytic cell
- this allows to improve the efficiency of low-cost electrochemical processes, such as alkaline electrolysis for the production of hydrogen and oxygen, allowing to improve the efficiency of these processes and facilitating their implementation on an industrial scale.
- Figures la and Ib show graphs of the behavior of the voltage signal obtained from the side of the power supply and the behavior of the voltage signal from the side of the electric load, respectively.
- Figures 2a and 2b show diagrams of the electrolysis system, in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the electrodes of the electrolytic cell, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a lower section of an electrolytic cell, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a lower section of two electrolytic cells, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 shows a sectional view of an upper section of an electrolytic cell, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the electrolysis system, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 8 shows a perspective view of an electrolysis plant, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figures la and Ib show graphs of voltage versus time showing the behavior of the electrical signal both on the power side (figure la) and on the side of the electric charge, that is, on the side of the electrolytic cell ( Figure Ib)
- the shape of the voltage signal on the supply side reflects the pulsating character of the current, presenting a maximum voltage [V ma x) that is maintained for a duration [ ⁇ ) given by the product D * T, where D is the current pulse duration factor and T is the period of the pulsating wave. Therefore, the current distribution delivered by the power supply is presented in a scheme of current intervals on each electrolytic cell, presenting a maximum voltage during a portion of the wave period and a null voltage during the remaining portion of said period.
- DT Vceid cell voltage
- FIG. 2 A diagram of an electrolysis system 10 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2, comprising a power supply 11 and an electrolyzer 12.
- the Electrolyser 12 comprises a first electrolytic cell 13.1 formed by concentric cylindrical electrodes.
- the power supply 11 provides an electrical signal comprised of a pulsating current wave according to the invention, a signal that is received by the first electrolytic cell 13.1 of the electrolyzer 12.
- Said signal comprises such amplitude, duration and frequency that the first electrolytic cell 13.1 operates in transient charge and discharge regime, in accordance with its design characteristics.
- FIG. 2a also shows that the electrolyser 12 may comprise an optional second electrolytic cell 13.2, connected in series with the first electrolytic cell 13.1 in this case.
- the power supply 11 must be designed so that the amplitude of the pulse current wave ensures that both the first and second electrolytic cells 13.1, 13.2 operate in transient loading and unloading regimes. Considering that both cells are connected in series in this case, their operation will be simultaneous. If both cells 13.1, 13.2 are identical, the distribution of the voltage contributed by the power supply 11 will be equitable, both cells operating in an equivalent manner. At this point it is relevant to note that if additional electrolytic cells are connected in series, the power supply 11 must be sized to provide the energy necessary to operate all the cells in series at once.
- Figure 2b shows a diagram of an electrolysis system 10 'comprising a power supply 11', an electrolyser 12 'a control unit 15 and at least one switch 16.1.
- the electrolyser 12 ' comprises a first set of electrolytic cells 14.1, said set consisting of two or more electrolytic cells according to the invention, connected in series.
- the power supply 11 ' can be a direct current source, which delivers a direct current of a certain intensity and amplitude consistent with the operation of the first set of electrolytic cells 14.1.
- the control unit 15 is configured to control the activation or deactivation of a first switch 16.1 connected to the first set of cells, said switch responsible for applying the current pulse on the first set of cells 14.1 when closing or opening the circuit.
- the electrolysis system 10 By activating and deactivating the first switch 16.1 the current pulse is generated that feeds the electrolytic cells connected in series of the first set of cells 14.1.
- the electrolysis system 10 'can comprise a second set of electrolytic cells 14.2 connected in parallel to the first set of cells 14.1, said second set formed in an equivalent manner to the first set.
- the electrolysis system 10 ' also comprises a second switch 16.2 connected to the second set of cells, in charge of operating in an equivalent manner to the first switch but in relation to the second set of cells 14.2.
- the control unit 15 coordinates the activation and deactivation of the first and second switches 16.1, 16.2 so that the first and second cell assemblies 14.1, 14.2 operate sequentially, taking advantage of the parallel connection to a single 11 'power supply.
- the same power supply 11 ' sized to provide a voltage and current intensity to operate a set of cells in series, is operable to power two sets of cells connected in parallel, where in the first instance the First switch 16.1, to operate the first set of cells 14.1 and, once the switch is deactivated according to the required pulse duration, the second switch 16.2 is activated to operate the second set of cells 14.2.
- an electrolysis system with multiple sets of electrolytic cells, feeding said cells by activating and deactivating multiple coordinated switches to distribute the direct current of a single power supply sequentially over the sets of cells. It is relevant to note that the design of said electrolysis plant is dependent on the duration and optimum characteristics of the current pulse, in particular with respect to the pulse duration and frequency factor, which are obtained in accordance with the approach of the present invention.
- the electrolyser 12 comprises a first group of electrolytic cells 14.1 formed by 50 cells connected in series, each cell requiring a peak voltage of 2.5 v, a 125 v direct current source will be required to power at 50 cells at a time, said 125 v being distributed equally over each of the 50 cells.
- This configuration can be complemented with additional groups of electrolytic cells 14.2, connected in parallel to the first group, each group with a switch in communication with the control unit for the pulsed distribution of the direct current provided by the power supply.
- the number of groups of cells that are connected in parallel will preferably be defined according to the current pulse duration factor.
- FIG. 3 A diagram of the electrodes of an electrolytic cell 20 formed by cylindrical electrodes 21, 22, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is shown in Figure 3.
- Said electrodes are comprised of an arrangement of substantially concentric cylindrical electrodes, wherein a hollow central cylindrical electrode 21 and an outer electrode 22 of cylindrical mantle surrounding the central cylindrical electrode 21 are provided.
- the central electrode 21 defines an inner space 23.
- the oxidation reaction generation of O2 in the case of water electrolysis
- On the inner face 22 'of the outer electrode 22 occurs the reduction reaction (generation of 3 ⁇ 4 in the case of water electrolysis ]
- Both electrodes are separated from each other by a space, an electrolyte being arranged in said space (in case of the generation of hydrogen and oxygen the electrolyte is based on water].
- the central electrode 21 comprises openings in its surface, allowing the electrolyte to enter the inner space23 of the central electrode and the circulation of ions, allowing the oxidation reaction to occur both on the outer face 21 'of the electrode central 21 as in the inner face 21 "thereof.
- the central electrode 21 may be surrounded by a separation mesh 24 that has a physical separation barrier, separating the oxidation zone (central electrode 21) from the reduction zone (outer electrode 22], facilitating the separation of the gases generated in the electrolytic cell.
- the central electrode 21 comprises separation means (not shown) that maintain a distance between the separation mesh 24 and the face outside 21 'of the central electrode 21, allowing the generation of the oxidation product on the surface of said outer face 2 1 'Additionally, this distance allows the gas generated on the outer face 21' of the central electrode 21 to circulate towards its extraction point, either passing into the inner space 23 of the central electrode 21 through the openings or circulating on the outer face 21 'from the electrode to the extraction point, without transferring to the generation zone of the reduction product.
- these can be formed by circular perforations 25 'and / or through through grooves 25 ".
- the openings are distributed along at least a portion of the central electrode 21, preferably an upper portion of the same, distributed in extraction zones 27 arranged to communicate the space between electrodes with the interior space of the central electrode 21.
- the constructive aspects of the electrodes according to the preferred modality make it possible to take advantage of the capacitive and resonant characteristics of the electrolytic cell, preventing the saturation of the electrode walls with the gases generated by maximizing the resonant aspects of the cell, including the over-damping effect, and taking advantage of the diffusion and transfer of ions from one electrode to another even in the scraping cycle given by the pulsed wave current feed intervals, taking advantage of the capacitive aspects of the cell.
- FIG. 4 A sectional view of a lower portion of an electrolytic cell 20 is shown in Figure 4, showing the preferential arrangement of the central electrode 21, the outer electrode 22, the separation mesh 24 and the inner space 23. In addition, they are shown two extraction zones 25 distributed in the extension of the central electrode 21 and the arrangement of the retention devices 26 in said zones, in this case formed as O-rings.
- the cross-section of an electrolyte supply duct 30 can be seen, said duct in communication with the central space 23 and / or with the space between electrodes for feeding the electrolyte to the electrolytic cell.
- FIG. 5 shows a representative scheme of two electrolytic cells 20 'and 20 "according to Figure 4, in longitudinal section in the direction of the electrolyte supply duct 30, both cells connected by the same electrolyte supply duct 30.
- the electrolytic cells 20 'and 20 can be electrically connected in series or in parallel, it being preferred that both are electrically connected in series by sharing the same electrolyte supply and, thus, by operating simultaneously decomposing The electrolyte
- Figure 6 shows a sectional view of an upper portion of an electrolytic cell 20, showing the points of extraction of the products of the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur therein.
- an extraction duct of the reduction product 31 is shown, in communication with the outer electrode 22, for the recovery of the reduction product that is formed on the surface of said outer electrode 22.
- the central electrode 21 extends through the product extraction duct reduction 31 to an oxidation product extraction duct 32, wherein the interior space 23 of the central electrode 21 is connected to said oxidation product extraction duct 32.
- Figure 7 shows a diagram of an electrolysis system 10 "comprising multiple electrolytic cells arranged in communication with multiple supply and extraction ducts.
- the embodiment shown in Figure 7 shows five groups of electrolytic cells joined by the respective ducts of electrolyte supply (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, and 30.5], the respective extraction ducts of the product of the reduction reaction (31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4, and 31.5] and the respective extraction ducts of the product of the oxidation reaction (32.1, 32.2, 32.3, 32.4, and 32.5], under a scheme similar to that of Figures 5 and 6.
- Figure 7 shows the arrangement of a feed tank 40 arranged to maintain the operating level of the electrolyte 41 inside the electrolytic cells, providing power to the electrolyte supply ducts through a main supply duct 30.0.
- the feed tank 40 may comprise an electrolyte feed path 42 from the outside, to replace the breakdown of the electrolyte during the process.
- the electrolytic cell arrangement of Figure 7 may be useful to take advantage of the present invention, comprising cells connected in series that form groups of cells, wherein said cell groups are connected in parallel using switches and at least a control unit that distributes a current signal to provide a correctly sized current pulse to each cell group, similar to that set forth in the scheme of Figure 2b.
- Figure 8 shows a diagram of an electrolytic plant 50 comprising the system of the invention, generating arrays of cells that can be operated under the same concept proposed in the present invention, using main feeding ducts 30.0 '; 30.0 ", main reaction product extraction ducts 31.0 ';31.0", and main oxidation product extraction ducts 32.0'; 32.0 ".
- This scheme allows one or more power supplies to be designed for the power supply of each array of cells, in order to meet the current and voltage requirements in accordance with the approaches of the invention and to provide a sequential production of each set of cells according to the requirements of frequency and duration of the current pulse in accordance with the approaches of the present invention.
- the operational aspects of the electrolysis process in the electrolytic cells are optimized, but also the industrial aspects of the installation of such systems in a compact electrolysis plant, for example, to produce hydrogen and oxygen at a industrial scale
- thermodynamic potentials Assuming that this process takes 298 Q K., and an atmosphere of pressure, and the relevant values are taken from the following table of thermodynamic properties (table 1).
- the optimum voltage to favor reactions in the production of hydrogen by electrolysis is approximately 1.24 volts, in order to obtain the maximum efficiency of energy transformation.
- the optimum voltage can also be obtained by applying the standard reduction potentials, corresponding to the potentials measured at each electrode to favor the reduction and oxidation processes, under standard conditions.
- E C ° Atode and correspond to the standard potentials of the cathode and anode for this reaction, respectively. Then, in the case of the electrolytic cell in question, the potential of the cell would be -1,229 V, said potential being necessary to carry out the non-spontaneous reaction of hydrogen and oxygen production by electrolysis of water.
- the operating parameters of the power supply can be obtained, such as the duration of the pulse, its frequency and amplitude, allowing to optimize the application of current by minimizing the voltage required to operate the electrolytic cell in a resonant and capacitive manner.
- the current pulse duration factor must be: r- 1.24 [v]
- the pulse wave duration is:
- the effective average current flowing through the cell under these design parameters is configured as:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019510353A JP7191384B2 (ja) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | 高い電気エネルギー変換率のための電気分解システム及び方法 |
EP17840684.9A EP3498886A4 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A HIGH RATE OF ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMATION |
CA3034133A CA3034133C (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | Electrolysis system and method for a high electrical energy transformation rate |
BR112019003080-8A BR112019003080B1 (pt) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | Sistema de eletrólise e método de eletrólise para a realização de uma ou mais reações de oxidação e reações de redução |
AU2017313538A AU2017313538B2 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | Electrolysis system and method with a high electrical energy transformation rate |
US16/326,001 US11186915B2 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | Electrolysis system and method for a high electrical energy transformation rate |
US17/535,134 US20220154352A1 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2021-11-24 | Electrolysis system and method for a high electrical energy transformation rate |
AU2022201235A AU2022201235B2 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2022-02-23 | Electrolytic cell in the form of a capacitor of cylindrical plates |
JP2022124942A JP2022164691A (ja) | 2016-08-15 | 2022-08-04 | 円筒形プレートのキャパシタの形態の電気分解セル |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662375200P | 2016-08-15 | 2016-08-15 | |
US62/375,200 | 2016-08-15 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/326,001 A-371-Of-International US11186915B2 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | Electrolysis system and method for a high electrical energy transformation rate |
US17/535,134 Continuation US20220154352A1 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2021-11-24 | Electrolysis system and method for a high electrical energy transformation rate |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2018032120A1 true WO2018032120A1 (es) | 2018-02-22 |
Family
ID=61195900
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CL2017/050040 WO2018032120A1 (es) | 2016-08-15 | 2017-08-11 | Sistema y método de electrólisis para una alta tasa de transformación de energía eléctrica |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11186915B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP3498886A4 (es) |
JP (2) | JP7191384B2 (es) |
AU (2) | AU2017313538B2 (es) |
CA (2) | CA3034133C (es) |
CL (1) | CL2019000417A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2018032120A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021518486A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-08-02 | テクニオン・リサーチ・アンド・ディベロップメント・ファウンデーション・リミテッド | ガスを生成する系および方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10410721B2 (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-09-10 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Pulsed integrator and memory techniques |
IT201900000563A1 (it) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-14 | Leto Barone Giovanni | Procedimento per la produzione di ossidrogeno. |
NL2023635B1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-23 | Meerkerk Project Eng Bv | High-pressure electrolysis device |
NL2029726B1 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-06-08 | Hydro Gen Bv | Improvements in or relating to high-pressure electrolysis device |
NL2031152B1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-08 | Water Energy Patent B V | Method and device for producing hydrogen from water |
CN115275293A (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-01 | 北京九州恒盛电力科技有限公司 | 一种液流电池及其控制方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4936961A (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1990-06-26 | Meyer Stanley A | Method for the production of a fuel gas |
US7318885B2 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2008-01-15 | Japan Techno Co. Ltd. | Hydrogen-oxygen gas generator and hydrogen-oxygen gas generating method using the generator |
US7615138B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2009-11-10 | Nehemia Davidson | Electrolysis apparatus with pulsed, dual voltage, multi-composition electrode assembly |
US20100276299A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | High pressure electrolysis cell for hydrogen production from water |
DE102011002104A1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Kumatec Sondermaschinenbau & Kunststoffverarbeitung Gmbh | Elektrolyseur |
US8999135B2 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2015-04-07 | Next Hydrogen Corporation | PEM water electrolyser module |
US9340886B1 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-05-17 | JOI Scientific, Inc. | Positive reactive circuit for a hydrogen generation system |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4001598A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-01-04 | Megapulse Incorporated | Sequential power supply and method for rf pulse generation |
AU1284288A (en) * | 1987-03-10 | 1988-09-08 | Hydrox Corp. Ltd. | Electrolytic cell produces combustible gases e.g. oxygen and hydrogen |
JPH06128780A (ja) * | 1991-09-09 | 1994-05-10 | Seiwa Kogyo Kk | 水素・酸素混合ガス発生装置 |
CA2636760A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Hydrox Holdings Limited | Method and apparatus for producing combustible fluid |
AT503432B1 (de) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-10-15 | Hans-Peter Dr Bierbaumer | Energieversorgungsverfahren für eine elektrolysezelle |
JP5119557B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-24 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社エイエスイー | 炭酸水の製造方法 |
JP6565170B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2019-08-28 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 水回収装置 |
US9816190B2 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-11-14 | JOI Scientific, Inc. | Energy extraction system and methods |
-
2017
- 2017-08-11 US US16/326,001 patent/US11186915B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-11 JP JP2019510353A patent/JP7191384B2/ja active Active
- 2017-08-11 EP EP17840684.9A patent/EP3498886A4/en active Pending
- 2017-08-11 WO PCT/CL2017/050040 patent/WO2018032120A1/es unknown
- 2017-08-11 CA CA3034133A patent/CA3034133C/en active Active
- 2017-08-11 CA CA3170699A patent/CA3170699A1/en active Pending
- 2017-08-11 AU AU2017313538A patent/AU2017313538B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-02-15 CL CL2019000417A patent/CL2019000417A1/es unknown
-
2021
- 2021-11-24 US US17/535,134 patent/US20220154352A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-23 AU AU2022201235A patent/AU2022201235B2/en active Active
- 2022-08-04 JP JP2022124942A patent/JP2022164691A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4936961A (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1990-06-26 | Meyer Stanley A | Method for the production of a fuel gas |
US7318885B2 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2008-01-15 | Japan Techno Co. Ltd. | Hydrogen-oxygen gas generator and hydrogen-oxygen gas generating method using the generator |
US7615138B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2009-11-10 | Nehemia Davidson | Electrolysis apparatus with pulsed, dual voltage, multi-composition electrode assembly |
US20100276299A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | High pressure electrolysis cell for hydrogen production from water |
US8999135B2 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2015-04-07 | Next Hydrogen Corporation | PEM water electrolyser module |
DE102011002104A1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Kumatec Sondermaschinenbau & Kunststoffverarbeitung Gmbh | Elektrolyseur |
US9340886B1 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-05-17 | JOI Scientific, Inc. | Positive reactive circuit for a hydrogen generation system |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021518486A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-08-02 | テクニオン・リサーチ・アンド・ディベロップメント・ファウンデーション・リミテッド | ガスを生成する系および方法 |
JP7325123B2 (ja) | 2018-03-20 | 2023-08-14 | テクニオン・リサーチ・アンド・ディベロップメント・ファウンデーション・リミテッド | ガスを生成する系および方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20200141013A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
AU2017313538A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
JP7191384B2 (ja) | 2022-12-19 |
US20220154352A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
JP2019526706A (ja) | 2019-09-19 |
JP2022164691A (ja) | 2022-10-27 |
EP3498886A4 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
CA3034133A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
AU2017313538B2 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
BR112019003080A2 (pt) | 2019-05-21 |
AU2022201235B2 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
US11186915B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
EP3498886A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
CA3034133C (en) | 2022-11-01 |
CL2019000417A1 (es) | 2019-07-12 |
CA3170699A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
AU2022201235A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2018032120A1 (es) | Sistema y método de electrólisis para una alta tasa de transformación de energía eléctrica | |
KR950027988A (ko) | 전해수 생성 방법 및 장치 | |
EP1315227A3 (en) | Power supply unit, distributed power supply system and electric vehicle loaded therewith | |
US9005412B2 (en) | Electrolyzer | |
JP2003164068A5 (es) | ||
CN107046807B (zh) | 氢水生成器 | |
CN102959342A (zh) | 用于加热流体的装置 | |
CN110114924A (zh) | 用于燃料电池的双极板和燃料电池 | |
JP6001717B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
CA2020402A1 (en) | High power density battery for peak power | |
CN110073532A (zh) | 用于燃料电池的双极板和燃料电池 | |
KR100835929B1 (ko) | 가스 발생장치 | |
CN115011983B (zh) | 一种设有多电流输入接线柱的碱水电解槽装置 | |
JP6230925B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
CN103199286A (zh) | 一种输出电压可调的等离子碱性燃料电池及调节方法 | |
KR102091449B1 (ko) | 크로스 전해액 탱크가 마련된 레독스 흐름 전지 시스템. | |
RU2475343C1 (ru) | Монополярно-биполярный электролизер для получения смеси водорода и кислорода | |
CN103647095B (zh) | 一种激光-碱性燃料电池 | |
ES2962541T3 (es) | Electrodos activados de forma múltiple en sistemas electroquímicos | |
Ghaffari et al. | Exploring the effect of circulation on the power of implantable glucose bio fuel cell | |
EP2762614A1 (en) | A gas generator | |
DE2108537C3 (de) | Brennstoffelement für die Umsetzung von Gasen mit aus katalytisch aktivem Pulvermaterial bestehenden Elektroden | |
JPH01115067A (ja) | 電解液流通型電池システム | |
RO131918A2 (ro) | Pilă de conversie a compuşilor cu conţinut de uree, şi procedeu de obţinere a acesteia | |
ITMI20060696A1 (it) | Dispositivo portatile alimentato da una cella a combustibile |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 17840684 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019510353 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3034133 Country of ref document: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112019003080 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017313538 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20170811 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017840684 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20190315 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112019003080 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20190214 |