WO2018028097A1 - 一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018028097A1
WO2018028097A1 PCT/CN2016/108107 CN2016108107W WO2018028097A1 WO 2018028097 A1 WO2018028097 A1 WO 2018028097A1 CN 2016108107 W CN2016108107 W CN 2016108107W WO 2018028097 A1 WO2018028097 A1 WO 2018028097A1
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zinc
alloy
tin
alloy rod
speed railway
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PCT/CN2016/108107
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French (fr)
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孙飞
赵勇
埃里克斯⋅高登
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苏州金仓合金新材料有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting

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  • the invention relates to the field of alloy materials, in particular to a bismuth-zinc-zinc bronze alloy rod for high-speed railway equipment and a preparation method thereof.
  • Tin bronze is the non-ferrous metal alloy with the smallest casting shrinkage. It is used to produce castings with complex shapes, clear outlines and low air tightness. Tin bronze is very resistant to corrosion in the atmosphere, sea water, fresh water and steam. It is widely used in various types. Wear-resistant bushings, bushings, flanges and gears, especially for high-speed rail equipment.
  • the present invention provides a tin bronze alloy rod for high-speed railway equipment which has environmental performance and can improve hardness and wear resistance to a large extent.
  • a bismuth-zinc-zinc bronze alloy rod for high-speed railway equipment comprising the following components in terms of mass percentage: ⁇ 2.5-4.5%, tin 6-7.5%, zinc:3-5.5%, copper 82.5-88.5%.
  • the components are included in the following percentage by mass: ⁇ 2.5%, tin 6%, zinc 3%, copper 82.5%.
  • the components are included in the following percentage by mass: ⁇ 3.0%, tin 7%, zinc 4.5%, copper 84.5%.
  • the components are included in the following percentage by mass: ⁇ 4.5%, tin 6.1%, zinc 5.4%, and copper 83%.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a bismuth-zinc-zinc bronze alloy rod for high-speed railway equipment, which comprises the following steps:
  • the head alloy rod is stretched by a drawing die and cut into a head, and then cooled by a continuous annealing furnace;
  • the package is incorporated into the library.
  • the graphite powder has a cover thickness of 10-15 mm.
  • the frequency of the vibration is 1 time/second.
  • the annealing temperature is 200-250 degrees.
  • the sulfuric acid concentration in the sulfuric acid pool is 20%.
  • the twisted tin-zinc bronze alloy for high-speed railway equipment provided by the present invention and the alloy rod made of the alloy replace the conventional lead element with bismuth element, thereby not only improving the environmental performance of the alloy and the alloy rod, but also It can greatly improve the alloy hardness of alloys and alloy rods, and increase the hardness of the alloy from the original 70-80HBS (Brinell hardness) to 115-130HBS (Brinell hardness), and can significantly improve its wear resistance.
  • the covering of the graphite powder can effectively prevent the sufficiently stirred alloy liquid from being oxidized due to contact with air.
  • a method for preparing a bismuth-zinc-zinc bronze alloy rod for high-speed railway equipment comprising the following steps:
  • the above fully melted alloy liquid is fully stirred by a special graphite tool, and then the high-purity flaky graphite powder is covered on the well-stirred alloy liquid to prevent oxidation thereof.
  • the thickness of the graphite powder is about 10- 15 mm;
  • the head alloy rod is continuously stretched 2 times to 38 mm with a drawing die and cut into a head.
  • the annealed alloy rod is cooled at room temperature for 4-5 hours, and then acid-washed in a sulfuric acid pool having a concentration of 20%;
  • the tolerance is +/- 0.05 mm, the length is 1000 mm, and the tolerance is +/- 10 mm;
  • the package is incorporated into the library.
  • the alloy rod prepared by the above method is not only environmentally friendly, but the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy are greatly improved.
  • the hardness of the alloy of the twisted tin-zinc bronze alloy rod in this embodiment can be greatly increased to 115-117HBS (Brinell hardness), and the friction is reduced to 0.12 to 0.14 with the increase of the niobium content, indicating the wear resistance. There is also a corresponding increase.
  • Example 2 and Example 1 differ only in the raw material ratio, and the other aspects are the same. Therefore, only the differences will be explained below.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that: in step 1), the raw materials are arranged according to ⁇ 3.0%, 7% tin, zinc 4.5%, and electrolytic copper 84.5% by mass, and placed in a power frequency electric furnace. Inside.
  • the hardness of the alloy of the twisted tin-zinc bronze alloy rod in this embodiment can be greatly increased to 119-125HBS (Brinell hardness), and the friction is reduced to 0.1-0.12 with the increase of the niobium content, indicating the wear resistance. There is also a corresponding increase.
  • Example 3 and Example 2 differ only in the raw material ratio, and the other aspects are the same. Therefore, only the differences will be explained below.
  • the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment only in that: in step 1), the raw materials are arranged according to ⁇ 4.5%, tin 6.1%, zinc 5.4%, and electrolytic copper 83% by mass, and are placed in a power frequency electric furnace. Inside.
  • the hardness of the alloy of the twisted tin-zinc bronze alloy rod in this embodiment can be greatly increased to 121-130HBS (Brinell hardness), and the friction is reduced to 0.1-0.12 with the increase of the niobium content, indicating the wear resistance. There is also a corresponding increase.
  • the alloy of the conventional lead-added high-tin bronze alloy rod has a hardness of 70-80 HBS (Brinell hardness) and a friction coefficient ⁇ of 0.15 to 0.20.
  • the tantalum-tin-zinc bronze alloy rod of the present invention is added.
  • the hardness of the alloy can be greatly increased to 115-130HBS (Brinell hardness), and the friction coefficient is continuously reduced to 0.10-0.12 with the increase of niobium content, indicating that the wear resistance is also greatly improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒,包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑2.5-4.5%,锡6-7.5%,锌:3-5.5%,铜82.5-88.5%;本发明提供的高速铁路装备用加锑锡锌青铜合金及由该合金制成的合金棒,将传统的铅元素替换为锑元素,不仅提高了该合金及合金棒的环保性能,而且能够大大提高合金及合金棒的合金硬度,并能明显改善其耐磨性;此外,覆盖石墨粉能够有效的防止经充分搅拌的合金液体与空气的接触而产生氧化。

Description

一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及合金材料领域,尤其涉及一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒及其制备方法。
背景技术
锡青铜是铸造收缩率最小的有色金属合金,用来生产形状复杂、轮廓清晰、气密性要求不高的铸件,锡青铜在大气、海水、淡水和蒸汽中十分耐蚀,广泛应用于各类耐磨轴瓦、轴套、法兰及齿轮等方面,尤其是用于高速铁路装备。
现阶段,为了提高锡青铜合金棒的易切削性能,往往在棒料中添加铅元素,加铅后的高锡青铜合金棒具有高的耐磨性并易切削加工,被广泛使用。然而,含铅元素有毒,对人体和环境造成影响,随着人们对环保意识的不断提高,含铅元素的青铜合金棒已经不能满足国内外高端市场的要求,尤其不能满足我国快速发展的高速铁路装备的要求。另外,随着工业的发展,锡青铜合金棒的硬度需进一步提高。
实用新型内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种既具有环保性能,又能在较大程度上提高硬度及耐磨性的高速铁路装备用的锡青铜合金棒。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒,包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑2.5-4.5%,锡6-7.5%,锌:3-5.5%,铜82.5-88.5%。
进一步,包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑2.5%,锡6%,锌3%,铜82.5%。
进一步,包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑3.0%,锡7%,锌4.5%,铜84.5%。
进一步,包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑4.5%,锡6.1%,锌5.4%,铜83%。
本发明还提供一种制备用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒的方法,其特征在于:包含如下步骤:
1)、按照配比将电解铜、锡、锑、锌置于工频电炉内,加热至1250-1300度,完全熔化后保温至1250度;
2)、将上述完全熔化的合金液体进行充分的搅拌,其后在搅拌充分的合金液体上面覆盖石墨粉;
3)、保温25-30分钟后,重新加热至1300度并振动,采用水平连铸法铸造成实心合金棒材;
4)、用制头机将合金棒材的一端制成拉拔段;
5)、将经制头的合金棒用拉伸模拉伸并切头,后采用连续式退火炉降温退火;
6)、将经退火的合金棒在常温下冷却,放入硫酸池中酸洗;
7)、再次制头、拉伸并切头,用钨钢剥皮模将合金棒剥皮后再次退火;
8)、用成品模将合金棒拉伸至成品;
9)、包装并入库。
进一步,所述步骤2)中,石墨粉的覆盖厚度为10-15毫米。
进一步,所述步骤3)中,振动的频率为1次/秒。
进一步,所述步骤5)中,退火温度为200-250度。
进一步,所述步骤5)中,硫酸池中的硫酸浓度为20%。
本发明的优点及有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供的高速铁路装备用加锑锡锌青铜合金及由该合金制成的合金棒,将传统的铅元素替换为锑元素,不仅提高了该合金及合金棒的环保性能,而且能够大大提高合金及合金棒的合金硬度,将合金硬度由原来的70-80HBS(布氏硬度)提升至115-130HBS(布氏硬度),并能明显改善其耐磨性。
(2)覆盖石墨粉能够有效的防止经充分搅拌的合金液体由于与空气的接触而产生氧化。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)、按照锑2.5%,锡6%,锌3%,电解铜82.5%的质量百分比,配置原料,并将其置于工频电炉内,加热至1250-1300度,完全熔化后保温至1250度;
2)、将上述完全熔化的合金液体,采用特制的石墨工具进行充分的搅拌,其后在搅拌充分的合金液体上面覆盖高纯度鳞片状石墨粉以防止其氧化,该石墨粉厚度约为10-15毫米;
3)、保温25-30分钟后,重新加热至1300度,并开启工频电炉的振动装置,振动频率为1次/秒,采用水平连铸方法铸造成外径为45毫米,长度为2000毫米的实心合金棒材;
4)、用制头机将合金棒的一端制成长度为100毫米,直径为25毫米的拉拔段;
5)、将制头好的合金棒用拉伸模连续拉伸2次至38毫米并切头,采 用连续式退火炉进行200-250度的低温退火;
6)、将退火的合金棒在常温下冷却4-5小时,后放入浓度为20%的硫酸池中酸洗;
7)、再次制头并用拉伸模将合金棒连续拉伸2次至32毫米并切头,用高精度钨钢剥皮模将合金棒剥皮至31毫米后再次退火;
8)、用成品模将合金棒最后拉伸至30毫米,公差为+/-0.05毫米,长度定尺为1000毫米,公差为+/-10毫米;
9)、包装并入库。
经过试验,使用以上所述方法制备的合金棒不仅环保,其合金硬度及耐磨性均得到大幅提高。该实施例中的加锑锡锌青铜合金棒的合金硬度可以大幅提升至115~117HBS(布氏硬度),且随着锑含量的增加,其摩擦减小至0.12~0.14,表明其耐磨性能也相应有较大提高。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1仅仅在原料配比方面是不同的,其他方面是相同的。因此,以下将仅就不同之处进行说明。
本实施例2不同于实施例1之处仅在于:步骤1)中按照锑3.0%,锡7%,锌4.5%,电解铜84.5%的质量百分比,配置原料,并将其置于工频电炉内。
该实施例中的加锑锡锌青铜合金棒的合金硬度可以大幅提升至119~125HBS(布氏硬度),且随着锑含量的增加,其摩擦减小至0.1~0.12,表明其耐磨性能也相应有较大提高。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例2仅仅在原料配比方面是不同的,其他方面是相同的。因此,以下将仅就不同之处进行说明。
本实施例3不同于实施例2之处仅在于:步骤1)中按照锑4.5%,锡6.1%,锌5.4%,电解铜83%的质量百分比,配置原料,并将其置于工频电炉内。
该实施例中的加锑锡锌青铜合金棒的合金硬度可以大幅提升至121~130HBS(布氏硬度),且随着锑含量的增加,其摩擦减小至0.1~0.12,表明其耐磨性能也相应有较大提高。
表1
Figure PCTCN2016108107-appb-000001
基于上述实施例,如表1所示,传统加铅高锡青铜合金棒的合金硬度为70~80HBS(布氏硬度),摩擦系数μ为0.15~0.20,本发明加锑锡锌青铜合金棒的合金硬度可以大幅提升至115~130HBS(布氏硬度),且随着锑含量的增加,其摩擦系数不断减小至0.10~0.12,表明其耐磨性能也相应有较大提高。
以上所举实施例为本发明的较佳实施方式,仅用来方便说明本发明,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何所属技术领域中具有通常知识者,若在不脱离本发明所提技术特征的范围内,利用本发明所揭示技术内容所作出局部更动或修饰的等效实施例,并且未脱离本发明的技术特征内容,均仍属于本发明技术特征的范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒,其特征在于:包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑2.5-4.5%,锡6-7.5%,锌:3-5.5%,铜82.5-88.5%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒,其特征在于:包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑2.5%,锡6%,锌3%,铜82.5%。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒,其特征在于:包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑3.0%,锡7%,锌4.5%,铜84.5%。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒,其特征在于:包含如下按质量百分比计的组分:锑4.5%,锡6.1%,锌5.4%,铜83%。
  5. 一种制备如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒的方法,其特征在于:包含如下步骤:
    1)、按照配比将电解铜、锡、锑、锌置于工频电炉内,加热至1250-1300度,完全熔化后保温至1250度;
    2)、将上述完全熔化的合金液体进行充分的搅拌,其后在搅拌充分的合金液体上面覆盖石墨粉;
    3)、保温25-30分钟后,重新加热至1300度并振动,采用水平连铸法铸造成实心合金棒材;
    4)、用制头机将合金棒材的一端制成拉拔段;
    5)、将经制头的合金棒用拉伸模拉伸并切头,后采用连续式退火炉降温退火;
    6)、将经退火的合金棒在常温下冷却,放入硫酸池中酸洗;
    7)、再次制头、拉伸并切头,用钨钢剥皮模将合金棒剥皮后再次退火;
    8)、用成品模将合金棒拉伸至成品;
    9)、包装并入库。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中,石墨粉的覆盖厚度为10-15毫米。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,振动的频率为1次/秒。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中,退火温度为200-250度。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中,硫酸池中的硫酸浓度为20%。
PCT/CN2016/108107 2016-08-09 2016-11-30 一种用于高速铁路装备的锑锡锌青铜合金棒及其制备方法 WO2018028097A1 (zh)

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