WO2018024194A1 - 一种光控微流体运动的方法 - Google Patents

一种光控微流体运动的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018024194A1
WO2018024194A1 PCT/CN2017/095435 CN2017095435W WO2018024194A1 WO 2018024194 A1 WO2018024194 A1 WO 2018024194A1 CN 2017095435 W CN2017095435 W CN 2017095435W WO 2018024194 A1 WO2018024194 A1 WO 2018024194A1
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group
actuator
microtube
light
microfluid
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞燕蕾
吕久安
韦嘉
刘玉云
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Fudan University
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Fudan University
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Priority to CN201780043706.8A priority Critical patent/CN109790944B/zh
Publication of WO2018024194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018024194A1/zh
Priority to US16/265,931 priority patent/US11396014B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16K99/0001—Microvalves
    • F16K99/0003—Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member
    • F16K99/0032—Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member using phase transition or influencing viscosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F232/00—Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system
    • C08F232/02—Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having no condensed rings
    • C08F232/04—Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having no condensed rings having one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G61/04—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C08G61/06—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds
    • C08G61/08—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds of carbocyclic compounds containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16K99/0001—Microvalves
    • F16K99/0034—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves
    • F16K99/0036—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves operated by temperature variations
    • F16K99/004—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves operated by temperature variations using radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/12—Specific details about materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
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    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0481—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure squeezing of channels or chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0493—Specific techniques used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G2261/12—Copolymers
    • C08G2261/122—Copolymers statistical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G2261/14—Side-groups
    • C08G2261/142—Side-chains containing oxygen
    • C08G2261/1426—Side-chains containing oxygen containing carboxy groups (COOH) and/or -C(=O)O-moieties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of microfluidics, in particular to a microtube actuator for light control microfluidic motion.
  • the photo-induced capillary force is subjected to the resistance from the three-phase contact line when driving the micro-liquid movement, which greatly limits the movement of the micro-liquid, which seriously restricts its practical application.
  • the photoinduced capillary force can be generated by the photo-wetting gradient or the Marangoni effect.
  • the capillary force generated by the photo-wetting gradient is difficult to overcome the resistance of the three-phase contact line. Therefore, the driving method is only applicable to a specific liquid. And the liquid moves slowly and the motion trajectory is limited to linear motion.
  • the photo-induced Marangoni effect often leads to an increase in the temperature of the driven liquid or the need to add a photosensitive surfactant, which is detrimental to the application in the biomedical field or to the contamination of the driven liquid.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for light-controlled microfluidic motion.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of light-controlled microfluidic motion.
  • a method of light-controlled microfluidic motion comprising the steps of:
  • a microtube actuator having an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm, an inner diameter 0.001-1.99 mm, and the wall material of the microtube actuator is a polymer material containing azobenzene or azo groups;
  • a light source is used to illuminate one end of the microfluidic microtube actuator to drive the microfluid to move toward the other end of the microtube actuator.
  • a method of light-controlled microfluidic motion comprising the steps of:
  • microtube actuator having an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm and an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm, and the wall material of the microtube actuator is containing azobenzene or azo Polymer material of the group;
  • the microfluidic microtube actuator is irradiated with a light source of different intensity to drive the microfluid to move from the end with high light intensity to the direction of low light intensity.
  • the wall material is wholly or partially a polymer material containing an azobenzene group or an azo group.
  • the microtube actuator comprises a substrate having a groove and a film, and the groove and the film together form a fluid passage; wherein the substrate and/or the film are effective The amount of wall material.
  • the effective amount refers to an amount sufficient to cause deformation of the substrate and/or film under illumination by a light source.
  • the outer diameter of the microtube actuator is the sum of the width (depth) of the groove and the thickness of the film of the wall material, and the inner diameter of the microtube actuator is the width of the groove (depth) ).
  • the microtube actuator further includes a composite layer wrapped around the inside and outside of the tube wall.
  • the wall material is prepared by homopolymerization or copolymerization of a CAB monomer; wherein the chemical structure of the monomer CAB is:
  • R 2 is H, or a hydrocarbyl or alkoxy group selected from C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, or a terminal group having a polarity selected from a cyano group, an isocyano group, One of a hydroxyl group, a halogen, an ester group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, or an amide group;
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbon group or alkoxy group selected from C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12;
  • D is selected from one of the following structural formula (1) - structural formula (4):
  • R 3 is a hydrocarbon group or alkoxy group selected from C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 or does not occur in the monomer.
  • the wall material is obtained by copolymerizing a CAB monomer with a CF monomer, and the chemical structural formula of the monomer CF is selected from the group consisting of:
  • F represents: -DR 1 -GR 2
  • the D, R 1 , R 2 are the same as the group represented by the chemical formula in CAB
  • the structure of G is selected from one or more of the following structures:
  • the wall material comprises structural units as follows:
  • R 2 is H, or a hydrocarbyl or alkoxy group selected from C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, or a terminal group having a polarity selected from a cyano group, an isocyano group, One of a hydroxyl group, a halogen, an ester group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, or an amide group;
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbon group or alkoxy group selected from C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12;
  • D is selected from one of the following structural formula (1) - structural formula (4):
  • R 3 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group or an alkyleneoxy group of C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6.
  • the light sources of different intensities are produced by attenuating filters.
  • the different intensity sources are produced by illuminating the microfluidics.
  • the microfluid is a hydrophilic microfluid or a hydrophobic microfluid.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with or without a hydrophobic coating.
  • the microfluid is selected from the group consisting of an organic liquid, water, an aqueous solution, a gas-liquid fluid, a liquid-solid fluid, and an emulsion.
  • the microfluid is an organic liquid, preferably an organic liquid selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, toluene. , pentane, octane, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, propylene oxide, methyl butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, acetonitrile, Pyridine, gasoline, or a combination thereof.
  • organic liquid preferably an organic liquid selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, toluene. , pentane, octane, cyclohe
  • the microfluid is an aqueous phase liquid, preferably an aqueous phase liquid selected from the group consisting of water, a salt solution.
  • the microfluid is a biochemical liquid, preferably a biochemical liquid selected from the group consisting of a protein solution, a phosphate buffer solution, a cell culture fluid, a cytosol, or a combination thereof.
  • the microfluid is a complex fluid, preferably a complex fluid selected from the group consisting of a gas liquid fluid, an emulsion, a liquid solid fluid, or a combination thereof.
  • the light source is ultraviolet light or visible light.
  • the illumination position of the light source is movable.
  • the method controls the direction of movement of the microfluidics by controlling the direction of movement of the light or the direction of attenuation of the light.
  • the microfluid moves along the interior of the microtube actuator as the light moves in a direction along the exterior of the microtube actuator.
  • the microfluid is always moved from the end having a high light intensity to the direction in which the light intensity is low, regardless of the change in the direction of attenuation of the light.
  • the method adjusts the driving rate of the microfluidics by controlling the intensity of the light source.
  • the light source has a light intensity of 0.01 to 10 W cm -2 .
  • the microfluid has a rate of movement of from 0 to 10 mm s -1 .
  • the inner and outer diameters of the tube being illuminated are enlarged to drive the microfluid to move toward the thinner end of the microtube actuator.
  • the microtube actuator is straight, serpentine or spiral.
  • the method drives the microfluidic motion over a long distance.
  • the method drives a microfluidic climb.
  • the method drives the microfluidic climb to a slope of 0-60 degrees.
  • the method drives the microfluid to produce a helical three-dimensional motion trajectory.
  • a device for light-controlled microfluidic motion comprising a light source and a microtube actuator; wherein the microtube actuator has an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm The inner diameter is 0.001 to 1.99 mm, and the wall material of the microtube actuator is a polymer material containing azobenzene or an azo group.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with or without a hydrophobic coating.
  • the light source can be moved along the microtube actuator; and/or an attenuating filter is placed between the light source and the microtube actuator.
  • the attenuation filter is used to generate attenuated light.
  • a micropipe actuator for light-controlled microfluidic movement having an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm and an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm, and the microtube actuator Wall material It is a polymer material containing an azobenzene or an azo group.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with or without a hydrophobic coating.
  • the microtube actuator is straight, serpentine or spiral.
  • the microtube actuator is circular, rectangular, square, other polygonal or irregular in cross section, preferably circular and square.
  • microtubule actuator is prepared by a method (a) or (b) selected from the group consisting of:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the movement of a microtube actuator to drive liquid through photodeformation. Reference numerals in the figure: 1-driven liquid, 2-microtube actuator, 3-attenuated light.
  • Figure 2 shows the linear microtube actuator driving microfluidic motion under attenuated light stimulation.
  • Figure 3 shows the microfluidic movement distance versus time for a microtube actuator under different light intensities.
  • Figure 4 shows that the microtube actuator drives microfluidic motion while attenuating one end of the light stimulating microfluid.
  • FIG. 5 shows that under attenuated light stimulation, the microtube actuator drives the liquid to climb against gravity.
  • Figure 6 shows that the helical microtube actuator drives the liquid to produce a helical motion trajectory under attenuated light stimulation.
  • Figure 7 shows that under attenuating light stimulation, the microfluid produces an S-shaped motion trajectory in a serpentine microtube actuator.
  • Figure 8 shows a straight microtube actuator driving a complex fluid, such as an emulsion, under attenuating light stimulation. move.
  • Figure 9 shows the microfluidic drive in the grooves formed by the substrate and the film under the stimulation of a moving light source.
  • microtubule actuators can undergo asymmetric deformation under light stimulation, inducing capillary forces to drive microfluidic motion.
  • the technique of the present invention can not only drive microfluids of various polarities and compositions, but also drive micro-liquid climbs, and even drive liquids to generate three-dimensional motion trajectories.
  • This is a new kind of light-controlled microfluidic device or device, which has considerable potential application value in the fields of controllable microfluidic transmission, micro-reaction system, micro-mechanical system and chip laboratory. On this basis, the inventors completed the present invention.
  • Microtubule actuator of the invention is a Microtubule actuator of the invention
  • the invention provides a micro-tube actuator for light-controlled microfluidic movement, and the inventors have prepared the micro-tube actuator of the invention by using a photodeformable polymer material containing azobenzene or azo groups, and the diameter of the tube can be Changes in the stimulation of light, thereby manipulating fluid movement in the microtubules.
  • This microtube actuator undergoes asymmetric deformation under light stimulation, inducing capillary forces to drive microfluidic motion.
  • the schematic is shown in Figure 1.
  • the microtube actuator of the present invention has an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm, an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm, and a polymer material of the tube body material of the microtube actuator containing azobenzene or azo groups. .
  • the microtube actuator has an outer diameter of 0.05 to 2 mm; preferably 0.1 to 1.9 mm; more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • the microtube actuator has an outer diameter of from 0.0012 to 2 mm; preferably from 0.005 to 1.9 mm; more preferably from 0.11 to 1.5 mm.
  • the microtube actuator has an inner diameter of from 0.001 to 1.99 mm; preferably from 0.01 to 1.8 mm; more preferably from 0.1 to 1.3 mm.
  • the microtube actuator can be straight, serpentine or spiral.
  • the microtube actuator has a circular, rectangular, square or other polygonal cross section.
  • the microtube actuator of the present invention can be light controlled by microfluidic motion.
  • the microfluid is a hydrophilic microfluid
  • the microtubule The inner wall of the actuator is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the microfluid is a hydrophobic microfluid
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with or without a hydrophobic coating.
  • the wall material of the microtube actuator is a butadiene-ethylene-functional group substituted with a vinyl ternary alternating polymer as a main chain, or a norbornene as a main chain, and a side chain containing an azobenzene or an azo group. .
  • the wall material of the microtube actuator is obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of CAB monomer or CAB monomer and CF monomer by ring opening metathesis polymerization, and the chemical structural formula of the CAB monomer is:
  • R 2 is H, or a hydrocarbyl or alkoxy group selected from C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, or a terminal group having a polarity selected from a cyano group, an isocyano group, One of a hydroxyl group, a halogen, an ester group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, or an amide group;
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbon group or alkoxy group selected from C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12;
  • D is selected from one of the following structural formula (1) - structural formula (4):
  • R 3 is a hydrocarbon group or alkoxy group selected from C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 or does not occur in the monomer.
  • the chemical structural formula of the monomer CF is:
  • the D, R 1 , R 2 are the same as the group represented by the chemical formula in CAB, and the structure of G is selected from one or more of the following structures:
  • the wall material is preferably of the structure shown below:
  • the wall material is preferably of the structure shown below:
  • the wall material is preferably of the structure shown below:
  • the wall material is preferably of the structure shown below:
  • the method for preparing the wall material of the microtube actuator is referred to CN103087296A.
  • the invention also provides a device for light-controlled microfluidic movement, the device comprising a light source and a microtube actuator of the invention; the microtube actuator having an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm and an inner diameter of 0.001- 1.99 mm, and the wall material of the microtube actuator is a polymer material containing azobenzene or azo groups.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with or without a hydrophobic coating.
  • the illumination position of the light source can be moved along the microtube actuator.
  • An attenuating filter may also be placed between the light source and the microtube actuator for generating attenuated light.
  • a similar illustration shows the direction of attenuation of light, both indicating that the light intensity is strong to weak. Similarly, Indicates that the light intensity is weak to strong.
  • the present invention provides a method of light-controlled microfluidic motion comprising the steps of:
  • microtube actuator of the invention having an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm, an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm, and a material of the tube wall of the microtube actuator containing azobenzene Or a polymer material of an azo group;
  • a light source is used to illuminate one end of the microfluidic microtube actuator to drive the microfluid to move toward the other end of the microtube actuator.
  • the present invention provides a method of light-controlled microfluidic motion comprising the steps of:
  • microtube actuator of the invention having an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm or 0.0012-2 mm, an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm, and a material of the tube wall of the microtube actuator containing azobenzene Or a polymer material of an azo group;
  • the microfluidic microtube actuator is irradiated with a light source of different intensity to drive the microfluid to move from the end with high light intensity to the direction of low light intensity.
  • the different intensities of light can be produced by methods commonly used in the art, and in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the light is produced by attenuating filters. In another preferred embodiment, the different intensity of light can be generated by illuminating one end of the liquid.
  • the microfluid is a hydrophilic microfluid or a hydrophobic microfluid.
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the microfluid is a hydrophobic microfluid
  • the inner wall of the microtube actuator is coated with or without a hydrophobic coating.
  • the microfluid is silicone oil, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, water, isopropanol, toluene, pentane, octane, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, propylene oxide, methyl butyl Ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, acetonitrile, pyridine, gas-liquid fluid, emulsion, liquid-solid fluid, gasoline, biochemical liquid, aqueous solution, and A mixed liquid of the above liquids.
  • the microfluid is any one of silicone oil, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, water, isopropanol, gas-liquid fluid, emulsion, liquid-solid fluid, gasoline, biochemical liquid. .
  • the light source is any one of ultraviolet light, visible light, and near-infrared light, or a combination thereof.
  • the illumination position of the light source is movable.
  • the method controls the direction of movement of the microfluidics by controlling the direction of movement of the light or the direction of attenuation of the light.
  • the microfluids move along the interior of the microtube actuator.
  • the microfluid always moves from the end with high light intensity to the direction of low light intensity regardless of the direction of attenuation of the light.
  • the method adjusts the driving rate of the microfluidics by controlling the intensity of the light source.
  • the light source has a light intensity of 0.01 to 10 W cm -2 (preferably 0.02 to 5 W cm -2 ; more preferably 0.03-1 or 0.03 - 0.5 W cm -2 ).
  • the microfluid has a rate of movement of from 0 to 10 mm s -1 (preferably from 0.001 to 8 mm s -1 ; more preferably from 0.01 to 6 or from 0.01 to 1 mm s -1 ).
  • the microtube cross-sectional area at the point of illumination changes, driving the microfluid to move toward the thinner end of the microtube actuator.
  • the microactuator is straight, serpentine or spiral.
  • the microtube actuator has a circular, rectangular, square, other polygonal or irregular shape in cross section.
  • the method is capable of driving microfluidic motion for a long distance, driving a microfluidic climb (a gradient of 0-60 degrees that can drive the microfluidic climb), and also driving the microfluid to generate a spiral three-dimensional motion trajectory.
  • the hydrophilic coating or the hydrophobic coating can be made of materials commonly used in the market (such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, The silica sol gel or the like is applied.
  • the present invention provides a method of light-controlled microfluidic motion.
  • a light-controlled microtube actuator successfully fabricated by using an azo liquid crystal polymer material utilizes a change in the cross-sectional area of the light-induced microtube actuator to generate a capillary force, thereby driving the microfluidic motion. This is a new approach to photo-driven liquid motion.
  • the method is suitable for light control of various types of microfluidic motion. Not only can handle a variety of non-polar and polar liquids, such as silicone oil, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, water, etc., but also manipulate complex fluids such as gas-liquid fluids, emulsions, Liquid solid fluid, gasoline, biochemical liquid.
  • non-polar and polar liquids such as silicone oil, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, water, etc.
  • complex fluids such as gas-liquid fluids, emulsions, Liquid solid fluid, gasoline, biochemical liquid.
  • the method can precisely control the direction and rate of movement of the liquid, and can be controlled for long-distance, and can also drive liquid climbing and generate three-dimensional motion trajectories.
  • the method has great application potential in the fields of microfluidic systems and low-light mechanical systems.
  • the light control microtube actuator can be not only a straight microtube actuator, but also a complex shaped serpentine, spiral microtube actuator, or a combination thereof.
  • the specific preparation method refers to the procedure of Example 1 of CN103087296A.
  • a solution of PCmABn in dichloromethane (0.1-20% by weight) was aspirated using a straight glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent was evaporated, and the inner wall of the capillary was uniformly covered by PCmABn.
  • a straight capillary tube coated with PCmABn on the inner wall is placed in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass to obtain a straight microtube actuator.
  • a solution of PCmABn in dichloromethane (0.1-20% by weight) was aspirated using a serpentine glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent was evaporated, and the inner wall of the capillary was uniformly covered by PCmABn.
  • a serpentine microtubule actuator was obtained by placing a serpentine capillary coated with PCmABn on the inner wall in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass.
  • a solution of PCmABn in dichloromethane (0.1-20% by weight) was aspirated using a spiral glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent was evaporated, and the inner wall of the capillary was uniformly covered by PCmABn.
  • a spiral microtubule actuator was obtained by placing a spiral capillary having an inner wall coated with PCmABn in hydrofluoric acid and etching the glass.
  • Straight microtube actuators are manufactured with an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm and an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm.
  • the prepared serpentine microtube actuator has an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm and an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm.
  • the obtained spiral microtube actuator has an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm and an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm.
  • the composite microtube actuator is prepared with an inner diameter of 0.001-1.99 mm and an outer diameter of 0.01-2 mm.
  • the specific preparation method refers to the procedure of Example 1 of CN103087296A.
  • a straight glass capillary was used to inhale a solution of P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y in dichloromethane (0.1-30% by weight), and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent evaporates, and the inner wall of the capillary is P(CmABn). x(CpBPq)y is uniformly covered.
  • a straight capillary tube coated with P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y on the inner wall was placed in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass to obtain a straight microtube actuator.
  • a solution of P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y in dichloromethane (0.1-30wt%) was inhaled using a Y-shaped glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent evaporates, and the inner wall of the capillary is P(CmABn).
  • x(CpBPq)y is uniformly covered.
  • a Y-shaped capillary tube coated with a PP (CmABn) x (CpBPq) y inner wall was placed in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass to obtain a Y-shaped microtube actuator.
  • the dichloromethane solution (0.1-20 wt%) of P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y obtained in Preparation Example 2 was poured into an EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) hose, and the inner diameter was 0.01-1.99 mm, and the wall thickness was 0.001- 0.2mm, then the EVA tube filled with the solution is placed in the oven. When the solvent is evaporated, the EVA tube wall is evenly covered with P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y to obtain P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y-EVA composite tube. Actuator.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • the specific preparation method refers to the procedure of Example 1 of CN103087296A.
  • a solution of PNmABn in dichloromethane (0.1-30% by weight) was aspirated using a straight glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent was evaporated, and the inner wall of the capillary was uniformly covered by PNmABn.
  • a straight capillary tube coated with PNmABn on the inner wall is placed in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass to obtain a straight microtube actuator.
  • a solution of PNmABn in dichloromethane (0.1-30% by weight) was aspirated using a serpentine glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent was evaporated, and the inner wall of the capillary was uniformly covered by PNmABn.
  • a serpentine microtube actuator is obtained by placing a serpentine capillary coated with PNmABn on the inner wall in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass.
  • a solution of PNmABn in dichloromethane (0.1-30% by weight) was drawn using a Y-shaped glass capillary, and then the capillary filled with the solution was placed in an oven until the solvent was volatilized, and the inner wall of the capillary was uniformly covered by PNmABn.
  • a Y-shaped microtube actuator is obtained by placing a Y-shaped capillary whose inner wall is coated with PNmABn in hydrofluoric acid to etch away the glass.
  • Example 1 Microtube Actuator Drives Microfluidic Motion by Photoinduced Asymmetric Deformation
  • the straight microtube actuators prepared in Preparation Examples 1, 2, and 3 were fixed on a horizontal table top.
  • a small amount of fluid such as silicone oil, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or emulsion is sucked into the microtube actuator by capillary action.
  • a light source is placed above the microtube actuator with an attenuating filter placed in the middle to produce attenuated light. Turn on the light source, the intensity of the light source is 125-140mW cm -2 ;
  • the straight microtube actuator produces an asymmetrical deformation that drives the liquid to move in the direction of light attenuation.
  • the motion is shown in Figure 2, see a motion of 0 seconds to 3 seconds to 6 seconds.
  • Example 2 Microtubule actuator controls the direction of microfluidic motion
  • Example 1 The experiment of Example 1 was repeated except that the direction of attenuation of the light was adjusted by changing the direction in which the attenuator was placed when the micropipe actuator was irradiated with light.
  • Example 4 Microtubule Actuator Drives Microfluidic Long Range Motion
  • Example 1 The experiment of Example 1 was repeated, and the control liquid was always in the radiation area of the light source. It was found that the liquid would move all the time and the distance of movement was unlimited.
  • Embodiment 5 Light source illuminating liquid local position to drive microfluidic motion
  • Example 1 The experiment of Example 1 was repeated, and the liquid was changed to a longer silicone oil to control the local position of the end of one end of the attenuating light. It was found that the attenuating light does not need to radiate the entire liquid to drive the liquid, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the straight microtube actuators prepared in Preparation Examples 1, 2, and 3 were fixed on a slope of 17 degrees. A small amount of silicone oil, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone were sucked into the microtube actuator by capillary action. As in Example 1, the microtube actuator was irradiated using an attenuated source.
  • microtube actuator drives the trace liquid to climb along the slope as shown in FIG.
  • Example 7 Microtube Actuator Drives Microfluidics to Generate Spiral Motion Trajectories
  • the spiral microtube actuator (inner diameter 0.6 mm, outer diameter 0.61 mm) prepared in Preparation Example 1 was fixed on a cylinder. A small amount of silicone oil is sucked into the spiral microtube actuator by capillary action. The attenuated light source is used to radiate the microfluidics in a direction perpendicular to the wall of the microtube tube.
  • the serpentine microtube actuator prepared in Preparation Examples 1, 2, and 3 was solid. Set on the horizontal desktop. The silicone oil, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone are sucked into the serpentine microtube actuator by capillary action. The attenuated light source is used to radiate the microfluidics in a direction perpendicular to the wall of the microtube tube.
  • the groove is etched by chemical or physical means on the substrate, and then the azo polymer film is pasted on the substrate, so that a fluid passage is formed between the substrate and the film.
  • a point source is used to radiate one end of the microfluid.
  • the inner wall of the straight microtube actuator (inner diameter 0.5 mm, outer diameter 0.51 mm) prepared in Preparation Example 1 was coated with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (0.01-9 wt%), and the microtube actuator was fixed after the solvent was evaporated. On the horizontal desktop. A trace amount of ethanol is drawn into the microtube actuator by capillary action. A light source is placed above the microtube actuator with an attenuating filter placed in the middle to produce attenuated light. Turn on the light source and the intensity of the light source is 125-140mW cm -2 .
  • the straight microtube actuator produces an asymmetrical deformation that drives the trace ethanol to move in the direction of light attenuation.
  • the straight microtube actuator produced an asymmetrical deformation and driven the trace amount of ethanol to move in the light attenuation direction.
  • the composite microtube actuator (inner diameter 0.5 mm, outer diameter 0.51 mm) prepared in Preparation Example 2 was fixed on a horizontal table top.
  • a small amount of fluid such as silicone oil, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or emulsion is sucked into the microtube actuator by capillary action.
  • a light source is placed above the microtube actuator with an attenuating filter placed in the middle to produce attenuated light. Turn on the light source, the intensity of the light source is 125-140mW cm -2 ;
  • the straight microtube actuator produces an asymmetrical deformation that drives the liquid to move in the direction of light attenuation.

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Abstract

一种光控微流体运动的方法，装置及微管执行器（2）。利用光致形变智能高分子材料制备了微管执行器（2），其在光刺激下发生不对称形变，诱导产生毛细作用力驱动微量液体运动。不仅可以驱动各种极性和组成的微流体，还可以驱动微量液体爬坡，甚至可以驱动液体产生三维运动轨迹。在可控微流体传输、微反应系统、微机械系统、芯片实验室等领域具有可观的潜在应用价值。

Description

一种光控微流体运动的方法 技术领域
本发明属于微流体技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种光控微流体运动的微管执行器。
背景技术
精确操控微量液体运动具有广泛的工业应用前景，例如在生物医药器件、微量液体传输、微流体系统等领域。目前，光控微量液体运动，尤其是由光致毛细作用力驱动的微量液体运动，引起了科研工作者们的巨大研究兴趣，因为光控可以做到无接触、瞬时、定点和精确控制。用光驱动液体运动依赖两种作用力：光学力和光致毛细作用力。光致毛细作用力在驱动微量液体运动时，无需特殊的光学装置和复杂的微组装过程，可以极大地简化液体的运动操控。
尽管如此，光致毛细作用力在驱动微量液体运动时，都要受到来自于三相接触线的阻力，这在很大程度上限制了微量液体的运动，严重的制约了其实际应用。光致毛细作用力可以由光致润湿梯度或马兰戈尼效应产生，光致润湿梯度所产生的毛细作用力难于克服三相接触线的阻力，因而这种驱动方法只适用于特定的液体，并且液体运动速度慢，运动轨迹局限于线性运动。而光致马兰戈尼效应往往会导致被驱动液体温度上升或需要加入光敏的表面活性剂，这不利于生物医药领域应用或造成被驱动液体的污染。
因此，如何研发一种适用范围广、操作简便且不会对液体造成污染的光控微流体运动的微型装置是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种光控微流体运动的微管执行器。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种光控微流体运动的装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种光控微流体运动的方法。
在本发明的第一方面中，提供了一种光控微流体运动的方法，包括步骤：
提供一微管执行器，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径 为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料；
在微管执行器中装入微流体；
用光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器的某一端，从而驱动微流体向微管执行器的另一端运动。
在本发明的第二方面中，提供了一种光控微流体运动的方法，包括步骤：
提供一微管执行器，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料；
在微管执行器中装入微流体；
用不同强度的光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器，从而驱动微流体由光强度高的一端向光强度低的方向运动。
在另一优选例中，所述的管壁材料全部或部分为含有偶氮苯基团或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
在另一优选例中，所述的微管执行器包括一具有凹槽的基板和一薄膜，且所述的凹槽与薄膜共同组成流体通道；其中，所述的基板和/或薄膜含有有效量的管壁材料。
在另一优选例中，所述的有效量指足以在光源照射下使所述的基板和/或薄膜产生形变的量。
在另一优选例中，所述的微管执行器外径为凹槽的宽度(深度)与管壁材料薄膜的厚度之和，且所述微管执行器的内径为凹槽的宽度(深度)。
在另一优选例中，所述的微管执行器还包括包裹于管壁内外的复合材料层。
在另一优选例中，所述管壁材料由CAB单体进行均聚或共聚反应制备得到；其中，所述单体CAB的化学结构式为：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000001
其中：R2是H，或者是选择于C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或 者是具有极性的端基，该端基选自氰基、异氰基、羟基、卤素，酯基，羧基，硝基，氨基，或酰胺基中的一种；
R1为选自于C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C11、C12的烃基或烷氧基；
D选自如下结构式(1)-结构式(4)中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000002
其中R3是选择于C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或在单体中不出现。
在另一优选例中，所述的管壁材料为CAB单体与CF单体共聚制备获得，所述单体CF的化学结构式选自下组：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000003
其中，F表示：-D-R1-G-R2，所述D，R1，R2与CAB中化学式表示的基团相同，G的结构选自以下结构中的一种或几种：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000004
在另一优选例中，所述的管壁材料包含如下所示结构单元：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000005
其中：R2是H，或者是选择于C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或者是具有极性的端基，该端基选自氰基、异氰基、羟基、卤素，酯基，羧基，硝基，氨基，或酰胺基中的一种；
R1为选自于C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C11、C12的烃基或烷氧基；
D选自如下结构式(1)-结构式(4)中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000006
其中R3是C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基或亚烷氧基。
在另一优选例中，所述不同强度的光源由衰减过滤片产生。
在另一优选例中，所述不同强度的光源由照射微流体产生。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为亲水微流体或疏水微流体。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为亲水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有亲水涂层。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为疏水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有疏水涂层或没有涂覆疏水涂层。
在另一优选例中，所述的微流体选自下组：有机液体、水、水溶液、气液流体、液固流体、乳化液。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为有机液体，较佳地为选自下组的有机液体：硅油、正己烷、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、甲苯、戊烷、辛烷、环己酮、乙醚、环氧丙烷、甲基丁酮、甲基异丁酮、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、乙腈、吡啶、汽油，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为水相液体，优选为选自下组的水相液体：水、盐溶液。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为生化液体，优选为选自下组的生化液体：蛋白质溶液、磷酸缓冲溶液、细胞培养液、细胞溶质，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体为复杂流体，优选为选自下组的复杂流体：气液流体、乳化液、液固流体，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述光源为紫外光或可见光。
在另一优选例中，所述光源的照射位置是可移动的。
在另一优选例中，所述方法通过控制光的移动方向或光的衰减方向来控制微流体的运动方向。
在另一优选例中，当所述光沿着微管执行器外部往某一方向移动时，微流体会沿着微管执行器内部运动。
在另一优选例中，不管光的衰减方向怎么改变，微流体始终由光强度高的一端向光强度低的方向运动。
在另一优选例中，所述方法通过控制光源的强度来调节微流体的驱动速率。
在另一优选例中，所述光源的光强为0.01-10W cm-2。
在另一优选例中，所述微流体的运动速率为0-10mm s-1。
在另一优选例中，当光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器时，被照射之处的管内径和外径扩大，从而驱动微流体向微管执行器较细的一端运动。
在另一优选例中，所述微管执行器为直形、蛇形或螺旋形。
在另一优选例中，所述方法长程驱动微流体运动。
在另一优选例中，所述方法驱动微流体爬坡。
在另一优选例中，所述方法驱动微流体爬升的坡度为0-60度。
在另一优选例中，所述方法驱动微流体产生螺旋形三维运动轨迹。
在本发明的第三方面中，提供了一种光控微流体运动的装置，所述装置包括光源和微管执行器；其中，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
在另一优选例中，当微流体为亲水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有亲水涂层。
在另一优选例中，当微流体为疏水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有疏水涂层或没有涂覆疏水涂层。
在另一优选例中，所述光源可以沿着微管执行器移动；和/或所述光源和微管执行器之间还放置有衰减过滤片。
在另一优选例中，所述衰减过滤片用于产生衰减光。
在本发明的第四方面中，提供了一种光控微流体运动的微管执行器，外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料 为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
在另一优选例中，当微流体为亲水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有亲水涂层。
在另一优选例中，当微流体为疏水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有疏水涂层或没有涂覆疏水涂层。
在另一优选例中，所述微管执行器为直形的，蛇形的或螺旋形的。
在另一优选例中，所述微管执行器横截面为圆形、长方形、正方形、其它多边形或不规则形状，优选圆形和正方形。
在另一优选例中，所述的微管执行器通过选自下组的方法(a)或(b)制备：
(a)用玻璃毛细管吸入所述的含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料溶液，待溶剂挥发后，蚀刻所述的玻璃毛细管，从而得到微管执行器；
(b)提供一具有凹槽的基板，将一薄膜覆盖于所述的基板上从而形成流体通道，基板和薄膜两者中的某一方含有管壁材料，或均含有管壁材料，从而得到微管执行器。
应理解，在本发明范围内中，本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合，从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅，在此不再一一赘述。
附图说明
图1为微管执行器通过光致形变驱动液体运动的示意图。图中标号：1-被驱动的液体，2-微管执行器，3-衰减光。
图2显示了在衰减光刺激下，直形微管执行器驱动微流体运动。
图3显示了微管执行器在不同光强辐射下，微流体的移动距离与时间的曲线。
图4显示了在衰减光刺激微流体的一端时，微管执行器驱动微流体运动。
图5显示了在衰减光刺激下，微管执行器驱动液体克服重力爬坡。
图6显示了在衰减光刺激下，螺旋形微管执行器驱动液体产生螺旋形运动轨迹。
图7显示了在衰减光刺激下，微流体在蛇形微管执行器中产生S形运动轨迹。
图8显示了在衰减光刺激下，直形微管执行器驱动复杂流体，如乳化液的运 动。
图9显示了在移动光源刺激下，在基板与薄膜形成的凹槽内实现微流体的驱动。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究，利用光致形变智能高分子材料制备了微管执行器，其管径可以在光的刺激下发生变化，发明人可以利用光来操控微管中的流体运动。这种微管执行器在光刺激下可以发生不对称形变，诱导产生毛细作用力驱动微量液体运动。本发明的技术不仅可以驱动各种极性和组成的微流体，还可以驱动微量液体爬坡，甚至可以驱动液体产生三维运动轨迹。这是一种全新的光控微流体器件或装置，在可控微流体传输、微反应系统、微机械系统、芯片实验室等领域具有可观的潜在应用价值。在此基础上，发明人完成了本发明。
本发明的微管执行器
本发明提供了一种光控微流体运动的微管执行器，发明人利用含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的光致形变高分子材料制备了本发明的微管执行器，其管径可以在光的刺激下发生变化，从而操控微管中的流体运动。这种微管执行器在光刺激下发生不对称形变，诱导产生毛细作用力驱动微量液体运动。示意图如图1所示。
本发明的微管执行器，外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
在另一优选例中，所述微管执行器外径为0.05-2mm；较佳地为0.1-1.9mm；更佳地为0.5-1.5mm。
在另一优选例中，所述微管执行器外径为0.0012-2mm；较佳地为0.005-1.9mm；更佳地为0.11-1.5mm。
在另一优选例中，所述微管执行器内径为0.001-1.99mm；较佳地为0.01-1.8mm；更佳地为0.1-1.3mm。
所述微管执行器可以是直形的，蛇形的或螺旋形的。
所述微管执行器横截面为圆形、长方形、正方形或其它多边形。
本发明的微管执行器可以光控微流体运动。当微流体为亲水微流体时，所述微管 执行器的内壁涂覆有亲水涂层。当微流体为疏水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有疏水涂层或没有涂覆疏水涂层。
所述微管执行器的管壁材料以丁二烯-乙烯-功能基取代乙烯三元交替高分子为主链，或以降冰片烯为主链，且侧链包含偶氮苯或偶氮基团。
所述微管执行器的管壁材料由CAB单体或者CAB单体与CF单体通过开环易位聚合反应均聚或者共聚制备获得，所述CAB单体的化学结构式为：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000007
其中：R2是H，或者是选择于C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或者是具有极性的端基，该端基选自氰基、异氰基、羟基、卤素，酯基，羧基，硝基，氨基，或酰胺基中的一种；
R1为选自于C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C11、C12的烃基或烷氧基；
D选自如下结构式(1)-结构式(4)中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000008
其中R3是选择于C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或在单体中不出现。
所述单体CF的化学结构式为：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000009
其中，F表示：
-D-R1-G-R2，所述D，R1，R2与CAB中化学式表示的基团相同，G的结构选自以下结构中的一种或几种：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000010
在本发明的一个优选例中，所述的管壁材料优选如下所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000011
在本发明的一个优选例中，所述的管壁材料优选如下所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000012
在本发明的一个优选例中，所述的管壁材料优选如下所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000013
在本发明的一个优选例中，所述的管壁材料优选如下所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000014
其中，各基团的定义如上文中所述。
所述微管执行器的管壁材料的制备方法参照CN103087296A。
光控微流体运动的装置
本发明还提供了一种光控微流体运动的装置，所述装置包括光源和本发明的微管执行器；所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
当微流体为亲水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有亲水涂层。
当微流体为疏水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有疏水涂层或没有涂覆疏水涂层。
所述光源的照射位置可以沿着微管执行器移动。
所述光源和微管执行器之间还可以放置有衰减过滤片，用于产生衰减光。
本发明中，用
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000015
类似的图示表示光的衰减方向，均表示光强度由强至弱。同样地，
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000016
表示光强度由弱至强。
光控微流体运动的方法
本发明提供了一种光控微流体运动的方法，包括步骤：
提供一本发明的微管执行器，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料；
在微管执行器中装入微流体；
用光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器的某一端，从而驱动微流体向微管执行器的另一端运动。
本发明提供了一种光控微流体运动的方法，包括步骤：
提供一本发明的微管执行器，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯或偶氮基团的高分子材料；
在微管执行器中装入微流体；
用不同强度的光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器，从而驱动微流体由光强度高的一端向光强度低的方向运动。
所述不同强度的光可以通过本领域常用的方法产生，在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，所述的光由衰减过滤片产生。在另一个优选实施方式中，所述的不同强度的光可以通过照射液体的一端产生。
所述微流体为亲水微流体或疏水微流体。当所述微流体为亲水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有亲水涂层。当所述微流体为疏水微流体时，所述微管执行器的内壁涂覆有疏水涂层或没有涂覆疏水涂层。
所述微流体为硅油、正己烷、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、水、异丙醇、甲苯、戊烷、辛烷、环己酮、乙醚、环氧丙烷、甲基丁酮、甲基异丁酮、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、乙腈、吡啶、气液流体、乳化液、液固流体、汽油、生化液体、水溶液以及以上液体的混合液体。较佳地，所述微流体为硅油、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、水、异丙醇、气液流体、乳化液、液固流体、汽油、生化液体中的任意一种。
所述光源为紫外光、可见光和近红外光中的任意一种，或者其组合。所述光源的照射位置是可移动的。
所述方法通过控制光的移动方向或光的衰减方向来控制微流体的运动方向。
当所述光沿着微管执行器外部往某一方向移动时，微流体会沿着微管执行器内部运动。采用衰减器时，不管光的衰减方向怎么改变，微流体始终由光强度高的一端向光强度低的方向运动。
所述方法通过控制光源的强度来调节微流体的驱动速率。所述光源的光强为0.01-10W cm-2(较佳地为0.02-5W cm-2；更佳地为0.03-1或0.03-0.5W cm-2)。所述微流体的运动速率为0-10mm s-1(较佳地为0.001-8mm s-1；更佳地为0.01-6或0.01-1mm s-1)。
当光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器时，被照射之处的微管截面积会改变，从而驱动微流体向微管执行器较细的一端运动。
所述微型执行器为直形、蛇形或螺旋形。
所述微管执行器横截面为圆形、长方形、正方形、其它多边形或不规则形状。
所述方法能够长程驱动微流体运动、驱动微流体爬坡(可驱动微流体爬升的坡度为0-60度)、还可以驱动微流体产生螺旋形三维运动轨迹。
所述亲水涂层或疏水涂层可以用市面上常用的材料(如聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、 二氧化硅溶胶凝胶等)进行涂覆。
本发明的优点主要包括：
本发明提供了一种光控微流体运动的方法。利用偶氮液晶高分子材料成功制得的光控微管执行器，利用光诱导微管执行器截面积的变化来产生毛细作用力，进而驱动微流体运动。这是一种全新的光致驱动液体运动的方法。
该方法适用于光控各种类型微流体的运动。不仅能够操控各种非极性和极性的液体，例如硅油、正己烷、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、水等，还能操控复杂流体，例如气液流体、乳化液、液固流体、汽油、生化液体。
该方法能够精确控制液体的运动方向和速率，并能长程操控，还可以驱动液体爬坡及产生三维运动轨迹。
该方法在微流体系统、微光机械系统等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。
该光控微管执行器不仅可以是直型微管执行器，还可以是形状复杂的蛇形、螺旋形微管执行器，或其组合。
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明，否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
制备例1制备微管执行器
1.制备微管执行器的管壁材料：
该材料的结构如下所示。
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000017
具体制备方法参照CN103087296A的实施例1的步骤。
2.采用上述管壁材料制备直形、蛇形、螺旋微管执行器：
制备步骤：
2.1直形微管执行器：
使用直形玻璃毛细管吸入PCmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-20wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被PCmABn均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PCmABn的直形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到直形微管执行器。
2.2蛇形微管执行器：
使用蛇形玻璃毛细管吸入PCmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-20wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被PCmABn均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PCmABn的蛇形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到蛇形微管执行器。
2.3螺旋微管执行器：
使用螺旋玻璃毛细管吸入PCmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-20wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被PCmABn均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PCmABn的螺旋毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到螺旋微管执行器。
2.4复合材料微管执行器：
将PCmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-20wt％)灌入EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)软管，内径0.01-1.99mm，壁厚0.001-0.2mm，然后将灌满溶液的EVA管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，EVA管壁均匀覆盖了PCmABn，得到PCmABn-EVA复合管执行器。
结果：
2.1制得的直形微管执行器，内径为0.001-1.99mm，外径为0.01-2mm。
2.2制得的蛇形微管执行器，内径为0.001-1.99mm，外径为0.01-2mm。
2.3制得的螺旋微管执行器，内径为0.001-1.99mm，外径为0.01-2mm。
2.4制得的复合微管执行器，内径为0.001-1.99mm，外径为0.01-2mm。
制备例2制备微管执行器
1.制备微管执行器的管壁材料：
该材料的结构如下所示。
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000018
具体制备方法参照CN103087296A的实施例1的步骤。
将m摩尔的CF单体与n摩尔的CAB单体在希丁克瓶中混合，加入足量二氯甲烷使之溶解，在40℃下，加入一定量的Grubbs二代催化剂引发聚合反应，10小时后使用乙烯基乙醚终止聚合，即得到P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y。
2.采用上述管壁材料制备直形、蛇形、Y形微管执行器、复合微管执行器：
制备步骤：
2.1直形微管执行器：
使用直形玻璃毛细管吸入P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-30wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的直形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到直形微管执行器。
2.2蛇形微管执行器：
使用蛇形玻璃毛细管吸入P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-30wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的蛇形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到蛇形微管执行器。
2.3 Y形微管执行器：
使用Y形璃毛细管吸入P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-30wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PP(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的Y形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到Y形微管执行器。
2.4复合微管执行器：
将制备例2得到的P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-20wt％)灌入EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)软管，内径0.01-1.99mm，壁厚0.001-0.2mm，然后将灌满溶液的EVA管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，EVA管壁均匀覆盖了P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y，得到P(CmABn)x(CpBPq)y-EVA复合管执行器。
制备例3制备微管执行器
1.制备微管执行器的管壁材料：
该材料的结构如下所示。
Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-000019
具体制备方法参照CN103087296A的实施例1的步骤。
将一定摩尔的带偶氮基团的降冰片烯单体CAB加入希丁克瓶中，加入足量二氯甲烷使之溶解，在40℃下，加入一定量的Grubbs二代催化剂引发聚合反应，10小时后使用乙烯基乙醚终止聚合，即得到PNmABn。
2.采用上述管壁材料制备直形、蛇形、Y形微管执行器：
制备步骤：
2.1直形微管执行器：
使用直形玻璃毛细管吸入PNmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-30wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被PNmABn均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PNmABn的直形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到直形微管执行器。
2.2蛇形微管执行器：
使用蛇形玻璃毛细管吸入PNmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-30wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被PNmABn均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PNmABn的蛇形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到蛇形微管执行器。
2.3 Y形微管执行器：
使用Y形璃毛细管吸入PNmABn的二氯甲烷溶液(0.1-30wt％)，然后将吸满溶液的毛细管放入烘箱中，待溶剂挥发，毛细管内壁被PNmABn均匀覆盖。将内壁涂覆有PNmABn的Y形毛细管放入氢氟酸中刻蚀掉玻璃，就得到Y形微管执行器。
实施例1微管执行器通过光致不对称形变驱动微流体运动
将制备例1，2，3制得的直形微管执行器(内径为0.5mm，外径为0.51mm)固定在水平桌面上。通过毛细作用，将微量硅油、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇单丁醚或乳化液等流体吸入微管执行器中。在微管执行器的上方放置光源，中间放置衰减过滤片用于产生衰减光。打开光源，光源强度为125-140mW cm-2；
结果：直形微管执行器产生不对称形变，驱动液体沿光衰减方向运动，运动过程如图2所示，见0秒至3秒至6秒的运动过程。
驱动乳化液的过程如图8所示。
整个过程的示意图如图1所示。
实施例2微管执行器控制微流体运动方向
重复实施例1的实验，不同的是，当用光辐射微管执行器时，改变衰减片的放置方向，即可调节光的衰减方向。
结果发现，微管执行器中的液体改变运动方向，运动过程如图2所示，见6秒至9秒至12秒的运动过程。
实施例3微管执行器控制微流体的运动速度
重复实施例1的实验，不同的是分别采用光强I1＝125mW cm-2；I2＝100mW cm-2；I3＝60mW cm-2的光源辐射微管执行器。
结果发现：当光源强度逐渐变强时候，运动速度也逐渐变快，结果如图3所示。
而且，实验发现当调节光源的强度在0.01–10W cm-2范围内变化时，微管执行器中的液体的运动速度发生改变，光强越大，运动速度越大。
实施例4微管执行器驱动微流体长程运动
重复实施例1的实验，控制液体始终在光源的辐射区域内。结果发现，液体会一直运动，且运动距离无限制。
实施例5光源照射液体局部位置驱动微流体运动
重复实施例1的实验，将液体换为一段较长的硅油，控制衰减光照射液体一端的局部位置。结果发现，衰减光不需要辐射整段液体也能驱动液体运动，如图4所示。
实施例6微管执行器驱动液体爬坡
将制备例1，2，3制得的直形微管执行器(内径为0.5mm，外径为0.51mm)固定于坡度为17度的斜面上。通过毛细作用，将少量硅油、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮吸入微管执行器中。如实施例1中一样，使用衰减的光源辐射微管执行器。
结果发现，微管执行器驱动微量液体沿斜面爬升，如图5所示。
实施例7微管执行器驱动微流体产生螺旋形运动轨迹
将制备例1制得的螺旋形微管执行器(内径为0.6mm，外径为0.61mm)固定在圆柱体上。将少量硅油，通过毛细作用，吸入螺旋形微管执行器中。使用衰减的光源沿垂直于微管管壁的方向辐射微流体。
结果发现，微流体就会在螺旋形微管执行器中运动，产生螺旋形运动轨迹，如图6所示。
实施例8
将制备例1，2，3制得的蛇形微管执行器(内径为0.6mm，外径为0.61mm)固 定在水平桌面上。将硅油、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮通过毛细作用，吸入蛇形微管执行器中。使用衰减的光源沿垂直于微管管壁的方向辐射微流体。
结果发现，微流体就会在蛇形微管执行器中运动，产生S形运动轨迹，如图7所示。
实施例9
在基板上通过化学或物理方法刻蚀出凹槽，然后将偶氮高分子薄膜粘贴在基板上，这样在基板和薄膜间就形成了流体通道。使用点光源辐射微流体的一端。
结果发现，微流体就会在通道中背向光源运动，并且可以通过U形弯道，实现长程运动。如图9所示。
实施例10
使用聚乙烯醇水溶液(0.01-9wt％)涂覆制备例1制得的直形微管执行器(内径为0.5mm，外径为0.51mm)内壁，待溶剂蒸发完毕，将微管执行器固定在水平桌面上。通过毛细作用，将微量乙醇吸入微管执行器中。在微管执行器的上方放置光源，中间放置衰减过滤片用于产生衰减光。打开光源，光源强度为125-140mW cm-2。
结果：直形微管执行器产生不对称形变，驱动微量乙醇沿光衰减方向运动。
使用聚丙烯酰胺水溶液或二氧化硅溶胶凝胶代替聚乙烯醇水溶液，结果与实施例8一样，直形微管执行器产生不对称形变，且驱动微量乙醇沿光衰减方向运动。
实施例11
将制备例2制得的复合微管执行器(内径为0.5mm，外径为0.51mm)固定在水平桌面上。通过毛细作用，将微量硅油、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇单丁醚或乳化液等流体吸入微管执行器中。在微管执行器的上方放置光源，中间放置衰减过滤片用于产生衰减光。打开光源，光源强度为125-140mW cm-2；
结果：直形微管执行器产生不对称形变，驱动液体沿光衰减方向运动，
另外，发明人经过多次实验证明，采用以下尺寸的微管执行器同样可以得到相似的结果。
   内径 外径
直形 0.001-1.99mm 0.0012-2mm
蛇形 0.001-1.99mm 0.0012-2mm
螺旋形 0.001-1.99mm 0.0012-2mm
复合微管执行器 0.001-1.99mm 0.0012-2mm
直形 0.001-1.99mm 0.01-2mm
蛇形 0.001-1.99mm 0.01-2mm
螺旋形 0.001-1.99mm 0.01-2mm
复合微管执行器 0.001-1.99mm 0.01-2mm
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考，就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种光控微流体运动的方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    提供一微管执行器，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯基团或偶氮基团的高分子材料；
    在微管执行器中装入微流体；
    用光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器的某一端，从而驱动微流体向微管执行器的另一端运动。
  2. 一种光控微流体运动的方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    提供一微管执行器，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯基团或偶氮基团的高分子材料；
    在微管执行器中装入微流体；
    用不同强度的光源照射装有微流体的微管执行器，从而驱动微流体由光强度高的一端向光强度低的方向运动。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的微管执行器包括一具有凹槽的基板和一薄膜，且所述的凹槽与薄膜共同组成流体通道；其中，所述的基板和/或薄膜含有有效量的管壁材料。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述管壁材料由CAB单体进行均聚或共聚反应制备得到；其中，所述单体CAB的化学结构式为：
    Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-100001
    其中：R2是H，或者是选择于C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或者是具有极性的端基，该端基选自氰基、异氰基、羟基、卤素，酯基，羧基，硝基，氨基，或酰胺基中的一种；
    R1为选自于C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C11、C12的烃基或烷氧基；
    D选自如下结构式(1)-结构式(4)中的一种：
    Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-100002
    其中R3是选择于C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基；
    或D为无(在单体中不出现)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的管壁材料为CAB单体与CF单体共聚制备获得，所述单体CF的化学结构式选自下组：
    Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-100003
    其中，F表示：-D-R1-G-R2，所述D，R1，R2与CAB中化学式表示的基团相同，G的结构选自以下结构中的一种或几种：
    Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-100004
  6. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的管壁材料包含如下所示结构单元：
    Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-100005
    其中：R2是H，或者是选择于C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的烃基或烷氧基，或 者是具有极性的端基，该端基选自氰基、异氰基、羟基、卤素，酯基，羧基，硝基，氨基，或酰胺基中的一种；
    R1为选自于C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C11、C12的烃基或烷氧基；
    D选自如下结构式(1)-结构式(4)中的一种：
    Figure PCTCN2017095435-appb-100006
    其中R3是C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基或亚烷氧基。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述微流体为亲水微流体或疏水微流体。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的微流体选自下组：有机液体、水、水溶液、气液流体、液固流体、乳化液。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光源选自下组：紫外光、可见光、近红外光，或其组合。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法通过控制光的移动方向或光的衰减方向来控制微流体的运动方向。
  11. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法通过控制光源的强度来调节微流体的驱动速率。
  12. 一种光控微流体运动的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括光源和微管执行器；其中，所述微管执行器外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料含有偶氮苯基团或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述光源的照射位置可以沿着微管执行器移动；和/或
    所述光源和微管执行器之间还放置有衰减过滤片。
  14. 一种光控微流体运动的微管执行器，其特征在于，外径为0.01-2mm或0.0012-2mm，内径为0.001-1.99mm，且所述微管执行器的管壁材料为含有偶氮苯基团或偶氮基团的高分子材料。
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