WO2018018668A1 - 无人船用带压开孔流体爆破装置 - Google Patents

无人船用带压开孔流体爆破装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018018668A1
WO2018018668A1 PCT/CN2016/095116 CN2016095116W WO2018018668A1 WO 2018018668 A1 WO2018018668 A1 WO 2018018668A1 CN 2016095116 W CN2016095116 W CN 2016095116W WO 2018018668 A1 WO2018018668 A1 WO 2018018668A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
assembly
drill
fluid
drilling
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PCT/CN2016/095116
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨越
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杨越
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Publication of WO2018018668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018018668A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an unmanned marine vehicle accessory, in particular to a pressure-opening fluid blasting device for an unmanned ship.
  • the technology of pressing open hole refers to a working technique of machining a circular hole in a running pipe by mechanical cutting in a closed state, and is mainly used in petroleum, chemical, pipeline and other industries.
  • the pipe can be used to open the hole sealing technology.
  • the liquid is used to blast the pipeline.
  • the opening technology will not affect the normal transportation of the pipeline, and at the same time ensure the safe, efficient and environmentally friendly completion of the blasting work. Therefore, there is a need to design an unmanned ship operation under a specific pressure-opening condition.
  • the blaster in the process can perform a given pipeline operation more efficiently for a specific working environment and specific working conditions.
  • the support frame assembly includes an upright frame attached to a base for vertically supporting the upright frame on the sea floor, the support frame assembly including a plurality of vertical legs attached to the base to provide support for the support frame assembly, and a Clamped into the lower pipe clamps on the pipe, the pipe clamps are hydraulically controlled and include a vertical guide element.
  • the press-opening T-shaped seat is a split clamp having an upward extension from the first clamp.
  • the first damper for connecting the rig assembly is sized and shaped to open the second damper of the fluid blaster at an angle from the first damper.
  • the press-opening T-seat is operated by an unmanned marine remotely operated submersible, and the press-opening tee T-seat uses a sealing system to seal the longitudinal joint of the split jig, and the joint at the joint is installed by the unmanned ship.
  • a series of studs and nuts are clamped, and the seal activation system operated by the unmanned ship is circumferentially sealed by an additional seal pressed against the pipe.
  • the unmanned ship pressure test damper ensures the seal integrity before the drilling operation begins. .
  • the drilling assembly comprises a drilling machine, the drilling machine is hydraulically driven, and comprises a combined guiding drill and a sleeve milling cutter, the guiding drill and the sleeve milling cutter for holding and removing the test piece cut by the sleeve milling cutter,
  • the drill press is sealed to prevent pressure loss in the borehole, and the drill assembly includes a drill conduit through which the drill press extends.
  • the drilling assembly is mounted to a shut-off valve with a pressure-opening T-seat having an unmanned collet joint that allows for quick installation and removal of the pressurized bore drilling assembly, drilling
  • the assembly is connected to the drill press by a pressure-compensated gearbox for automatic travel of the pilot drill and the sleeve mill.
  • the pressure of the drill assembly is sealed in the pipe.
  • the inverted cone is located above the shut-off valve, providing guidance for the drilling assembly to descend to the T-shaped seat with the pressure opening, the collet joint connecting the drilling assembly to the T-shaped seat with the pressure opening, the collet
  • the joint includes a male head and a female head for releasable engagement, the male head is located in the inverted cone, the female head is connected to the lower end of the drill pipe of the drilling assembly, and an isolation valve is mounted above the female end of the collet joint. To prevent pipe fluid from leaking from the drill pipe and drilling assembly after drilling the hole.
  • the use of the blaster during the operation of the unmanned ship designed by the present invention under specific pressurized opening conditions enables a more efficient completion of a predetermined pipeline operation for a specific working environment and specific working conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pressurized open hole fluid blaster apparatus for an unmanned ship connected to a subsea pipeline;
  • Figure 2 shows a view of lowering a support frame assembly to the sea floor
  • Figure 3 is a view showing the lifting of the pipe from the sea floor
  • Figure 4 is a view showing the landing of a T-shaped seat with a pressure opening
  • Figure 5 is a view of a pressurized opening T-shaped seat clamped to a pipe
  • Figure 6 is a view of the landing of the drilling assembly
  • Figure 7 is a view showing landing of an unmanned marine fluid blaster assembly
  • Figure 8 is a view showing the assembled unmanned marine pressurized open hole fluid blaster device
  • Figure 9 is a view showing the drilling assembly and fluid blasting of its components retracted, the pipe placed on the sea floor;
  • Figure 10 is a view of the retraction support frame assembly.
  • pressurized open hole fluid blaster apparatus 20 is comprised of a pressurized open-hole saddle or T-seat 22, a drill assembly 24, a fluid blaster assembly 26 and a support frame assembly 28 (Fig. 8) Composition.
  • the support frame assembly 28 includes an upright frame 30 attached to a base 32 for vertically supporting the upright frame 30 on the sea floor F. As shown in FIG. 2, the support frame assembly 28 can include a plurality of vertical legs 34 that are attached to the base 32 to provide support to the support frame assembly 28.
  • the support frame assembly 28 includes a lower pipe clamp 36 for clamping to the pipe P. Pipe clamp 36 excellent Choose hydraulic control.
  • the support frame assembly 28 also includes a vertical guide member 38 for reasons that will be explained below. It is to be understood that the support frame assembly 28 is similar to the commercially available support frame assembly.
  • the press-opening tee T-seat 22 is a split jig 40 and 42 having a first damper 42a extending from the first jig 42 in size and shape for connecting the drill assembly 24, and The first damper 42a is angularly arranged to be sized and shaped for attachment to the second damper 42b of the fluid blaster 26.
  • the press-opened tee T-seat 22 is used to be manipulated by a remotely operated submersible (unmanned ship) 15 (Fig. 3).
  • the press-opening T-seat 22 seals the longitudinal joints of the split clamps 40 and 42 with a sealing system. These joints are clamped by a series of studs and nuts mounted on the unmanned boat.
  • the circumferential seal of the pipe P is achieved by an unmanned marine operated seal activation system that is pressed against an additional seal (not shown) on the pipe P. All seals are permanently positioned during installation and no further action is required to maintain the seal.
  • an unmanned ship pressure test damper is provided to ensure seal integrity prior to the start of the drilling operation.
  • press-opened T-seat 22 is similar to a commercially available press-fitted T-seat.
  • the sealing and clamping configuration has not been altered.
  • One feature that is applied to the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22 is a second damper 42b for connecting the fluid blaster 26.
  • the drilling assembly 24 includes a drill press 44 which is a recognized tool for a long history of landing and submersible assisted operations.
  • Drilling machine 44 preferably hydraulically driven, includes a combined pilot drill and sleeve milling cutter 46.
  • the guide drill and the sleeve cutter 46 have a special expertise to hold and remove the test piece cut by the sleeve cutter 46.
  • Such bores 44 are well known in the art.
  • the drill press 44 is sealed to prevent pressure loss in the borehole.
  • the drill assembly 24 includes a drill press conduit 54 through which the drill press 44 extends.
  • the drill assembly 24 is mounted to a shut-off valve 48 with a press-opening tee, there is an unmanned collet joint 52 that allows for quick installation and removal of the pressurized bore drilling assembly 24.
  • An unmanned ship with a pressure pair connects the pressurized bore drilling assembly 24 to the unmanned marine hydraulic system during the drilling operation.
  • the automatic travel of the pilot drill and the sleeve mill 46 is accomplished by a pressure compensated gearbox 44a coupled to the drill press 44.
  • the pressure tapped hole drill and the sleeve milling cutter 46 cut a hole h to the pipe P as will be explained below.
  • the size of the holes will depend on the pipe diameter and the size of the fluid blaster hose.
  • Drilling assembly 24 The pressure is sealed to the conduit P such that when the drill 46 punches the hole h in the conduit P, the fluid or material in the conduit is pressurized through the shutoff valve 48 and the drill press conduit 54 to the interior of the bore assembly 24.
  • an inverted cone 50 is preferably positioned above the shutoff valve 48 to provide guidance for the drill assembly 24 as it descends into the pressurized opening tee 22.
  • a collet joint 52 is preferably used to connect the drill assembly 24 to the tapped tee T-seat 22.
  • the collet joint 52 includes a male head 52a and a female head 52b for releasable engagement.
  • the collet joint is a well known device.
  • the male head 52a is located within the inverted cone 50 and the female head 52b is coupled to the lower end of the drill press conduit 54 of the drill assembly 24.
  • an isolation valve is required above the female head 52b of the collet joint 52 to prevent leakage of tubing fluid from the drill press conduit 54 and the drill assembly 24 after the bore h has been drilled.
  • Fluid blaster 26 is a well-known concept in the field that has been used by plumbers and gutter piping cleaning professionals for many years.
  • a special rotating nozzle 56 on a 400 foot long hose 58 is introduced into the pipe to break up and remove paraffin blockage.
  • the hose 58 is advanced into the conduit by a motor driven hose wound disk 60 from a hole drilled prior to drilling with a tapped hole.
  • a jet facing the rear of the nozzle 56 pulls the hose 58 into the pipe as it advances through the pipe.
  • the forward movement automatically stops until sufficient material is removed, allowing the nozzle 56 to advance.
  • the nozzle 56 has a feature of a rotating head (not shown) that moves the plugging material radially out onto the wall of the pipe as the nozzle 56 advances.
  • the fluid blaster 26 is contained within a pressure vessel 62 that prevents pipeline fluid from leaking out of the system.
  • the container 62 cooperates with an isolation valve 64 and an unmanned marine operated jaw joint 66.
  • the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22 includes a joint 67 and a shut-off valve 68 for quick and easy connection of the fluid blaster 26.
  • an inverted cone 7, 0 is located above the shutoff valve 68.
  • the collet joint 66 includes a male 66a and a female 66b for releasable engagement.
  • the male head 66a is located inside the inverted cone 70 and the female head 66b is attached to the lower end of the container 62.
  • a high pressure pump 72 driven by the unmanned vessel, provides pressure to the fluid blaster nozzle 56. Fluid outside the filtered seawater or other fluid blaster is used as the primary plugging fluid.
  • An unmanned marine operating joint 74 outside the container 62 is permitted for use The fluid supplied outside, such as diesel or solvent, acts as a purge fluid.
  • the hydraulically driven hose wraps around the pan 60 with a horizontal crimping capability that provides retrieval of the fluid blaster hose 58 and nozzle 56.
  • the unmanned ship's readable pressure gauge and a hose length gauge (not shown) provide continuous monitoring of water blasting operations. The unmanned ship provides hydraulic fluid to the hose wrap 60 and the pump 72 through a pressurized counter connection.
  • FIGs 2-10 The operation of removing a blockage in a subsea pipeline using the apparatus of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 2-10 and described below.
  • the position of the insertion point or the press-opening tee 22 is identified on the pipe and the support frame 28 is then lowered to the sea floor by the auxiliary ship (Fig. 2).
  • the unmanned boat is used to guide and position the support frame 28 as it is lowered, so that the pipe clamp attaches itself to the pipe P with an automatic locking system.
  • Two additional lifting frames (not shown) can be landed on both sides of the support frame 28 on the pipe P to provide additional support for the pipe P to reduce or eliminate bending stresses with pressurized opening locations (Fig. 3).
  • the unmanned ship provides energy to the support frame 28 and raises the frame, and if used, the lift pipe P leaves the sea floor (Fig. 4). Each frame is lifted in a sufficiently small increment to prevent additional stresses generated on the pipe P.
  • the unmanned ship performs visual inspection of the surface of the pipe to be covered by the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22. Unmanned ships use water flow cleaning or wire brush cleaning pipe P as needed. The unmanned ship then uses a manipulator-clamped measuring tool to confirm that the pipe P is sufficiently round and straight to provide a leak-tight seal.
  • the press-opening T-seat 22 is guided to the pipe P by a special support frame 28.
  • the support frame 28 is placed on the pipe P before the pipe P is lifted from the sea floor. This method is used to avoid inadvertent application of bending loads to the pipe P during deployment.
  • the support frame 28 can be deployed in the form of a T-seat with a crimped opening.
  • the pressurized opening T-seat 22 can be deployed separately or in cooperation with the support frame 28 on the sea floor. Counterpoint booting is provided for separate deployment.
  • the support frame 28 and the integrated pressure-matching tee T-seat 22 provide a strong support for the pipe P during installation and operation of the pressurized open hole fluid blaster (HTFP).
  • HTFP pressurized open hole fluid blaster
  • the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22 is not deployed with the support frame 28, it can now be lowered and parked on the support frame 28 by the auxiliary boat.
  • the unmanned ship operates the support frame 28 to lift the pipe P to the clamping section with the press-opening T-seat 22.
  • the unmanned ship operates a hydraulic valve to close the T-seat tightening section around the pipe P.
  • the unmanned ship then installs and tightens the longitudinal sealing bolts. When this is done, the unmanned ship uses a circumferential seal.
  • the unmanned ship is then pressurized to the internal volume of the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22 by connection to the test damper to ensure that the pressurized opening T-seat 22 is hermetically connected to the conduit P.
  • the drill press 24 When the press-opened T-seat 22 and the support frame 28 are firmly fixed to the pipe P, the drill press 24 is lowered by the auxiliary ship (Fig. 6).
  • the unmanned ship guides the drill press 24 to the opposite end of the press-opening tee 22 and guides the collet joint 52.
  • the unmanned vessel opens a shut-off valve 48 on the plenum damper 42a with the pressure-opening tee.
  • the unmanned ship is hydraulically connected to the drill press with a perforated counter and drilled a 3 inch diameter hole in the pipe P.
  • the drilling motor rotates in the opposite direction, and the drill press and the test piece are retracted into the drill body.
  • the unmanned boat then closes the shutoff valve 48 on the damper 42a with the pressure opening.
  • the drill press can be removed at this time.
  • the liquid blaster 26 and the guide frame 27 are then lowered by the auxiliary ship (Fig. 7).
  • the guide frame 27 is fixed to the belt-opening T-shaped seat 22 and the pipe P by an unmanned ship.
  • the fluid blaster 26 then land on the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22 and the unmanned boat is provided with a collet joint 66.
  • the unmanned ship can then open the shutoff valve 68 on the pressurized opening tee 22 and the isolation valve 64 on the fluid blaster 26.
  • the unmanned ship is docked on the liquid blaster control panel and connected to a hydraulic supply with a pressure counter ( Figure 8).
  • the unmanned ship uses a hose length gauge as a guide to advance the hose 58 through the 3 inch hole drilled by the drill press 24 and into the pipe P.
  • a metal guide protection hose 58 is not scratched by the cut edge of the hole.
  • the unmanned ship places the hose around the disk 60 in the free spool mode and opens the high pressure pump 74.
  • the fluid blaster nozzle 56 then pushes the hose 58 through the conduit P, removing the paraffin block as it advances.
  • Unmanned vessels use hose length gauges and pressure gauges to monitor operations.
  • the unmanned ship retracts the hose 58 by closing the high pressure pump 74 and opening the hose wrap 66.
  • the unmanned boat closes the port to open the shutoff valve 68.
  • Pipe P can now be installed with a pipe inspection device to confirm that the blockage has been completely removed.
  • the unmanned vessel closes the fluid rupture breaker isolation valve 64 and releases the collet joints 66 and 52 (Fig. 9) on the fluid blaster 26 and the pressurized open bore drill 24, respectively.
  • Drilling machine 24 and fluid blaster 26 is retracted to the surface by the auxiliary ship (Fig. 10).
  • the specific collet joint with the blind flange is lowered by the auxiliary ship and installed by the unmanned ship on the T-seat cut-off valve with the pressure opening.
  • the unmanned boat can pull the release pin to disconnect the pressed opening T-shaped seat 22 from the support frame 28.
  • the unmanned ship then uses the lifting mechanism on the support frame 28 to lower the pipe P to the sea floor.
  • pressurized open hole fluid blaster device 20 can be manipulated by a diver or a remotely operated submersible (unmanned marine vehicle) and adapted for use in any water depth.
  • the assembled parts of the pressurized open hole fluid blaster device 20 can be deployed from a diver auxiliary ship.
  • the individual parts of the pressurized open hole fluid blaster unit 20 can be recycled for occasional intervention.
  • the pressurized open hole fluid blaster apparatus 20 includes a sealed tank containing piping fluid during the opening and clogging cleaning operations.
  • the shut-off and isolation valves provide minimal fluid loss during the disconnection process.
  • the press-opening T-seat 22 is assembled with two unmanned marine operated shut-off valves and the outlet of each valve is fitted with a blind flange.
  • the pipe P returns to normal operation when the pressurized opening T-shaped seat 22 seals the pipe P at the insertion point.
  • the press-opened T-seat 22 When the press-opened T-seat 22 is in place, it can be operated using a normal gauge.
  • the life expectancy of a T-seat seal with a pressure tap can be reasonably predicted to be more than 20 years.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，所述装置(20)由一个带压开孔鞍形卡或T形座(22)，一个钻孔组件(24)，一个流体爆破器组件(26)和一个支撑框架组件(28)组成。在特定的带压开孔条件下使用该无人船作业过程中的爆破器，针对特定工作环境和特定工作条件能更高效的完成既定管线作业。

Description

无人船用带压开孔流体爆破装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无人船用配件，尤其是一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破装置。
背景技术
带压开孔技术是指密闭状态下，以机械切削方式在运行管道上加工出圆形孔的一种作业技术，主要用于石油、化工、管道等行业。当在役管线需要加装支管时，或者因腐蚀穿孔跑冒滴漏人为损坏导致泄露时，采用管道带压开孔封堵技术可以完成，然而很多场合需要采用液体对管线进行爆破，如果结合带压开孔技术，就不会影响管线的正常输送，同时保证安全、高效、环保的完成爆破工作，由此，存在一种需求，即设计一种在特定的带压开孔条件下无人船作业过程中的爆破器，针对特定工作环境和特定工作条件能更高效的完成既定管线作业。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置，装置由一个带压开孔鞍形卡或T形座，一个钻孔组件，一个流体爆破器组件和一个支撑框架组件组成。
优选的，支撑框架组件包括一个直立框架，附加在一个用来在海底上垂直支撑直立框架的基础上，支撑框架组件包括多个垂直腿，附加到基础上为支撑框架组件提供支撑，还包括一个夹紧到管道上较低的管道夹钳，管道夹钳采用液压控制，还包括一个垂直的引导元件。
优选的，带压开孔T形座是一个拼合夹具，具有从第一夹具向上延伸，尺 寸和形状用于连接钻机组件的第一风门，从第一风门张开一个角度设置的尺寸和形状用于连接流体爆破器的第二风门。
优选的，带压开孔T形座由无人船用远程操纵潜水器操纵，带压开孔T形座用一个密封系统来密封拼合夹具的纵向连接处，连接处的接头被无人船安装的一系列螺柱和螺母夹紧，通过无人船用操作的密封激发系统由压在管道上的附加密封进行管道圆周向的密封，由无人船用压力测试风门确保钻孔操作开始前的密封完整性。
优选的，钻孔组件包括一个钻床，钻床采用液压驱动，包括一个组合的引导钻和套式铣刀，引导钻和套式铣刀用于保持和去除由套式铣刀切割下的试片，密封钻床从而防止钻孔中的压力损失，钻孔组件包括钻头导管，钻床通过它延伸。
优选的，钻孔组件被安装到一个带压开孔T形座上的截断阀上，截断阀具有一个无人船用套爪接头，允许带压开孔钻孔组件的快速安装和去除，钻孔组件通过一个压力补偿的变速箱连接到钻床实现引导钻和套式铣刀的自动走刀，钻孔组件的压力被密封于管道内，当钻床在管道上打出孔时，管道中的流体或材料通过截止阀和钻床导管加压到钻孔组件的内部。
优选的，倒锥位于所述截止阀上方，为钻孔组件在下降至带压开孔T形座时提供引导，套爪接头将钻孔组件连接到带压开孔T形座上，套爪接头包括一个公头和一个母头，用于可释放的互相配合，公头位于倒锥里，母头连接到钻孔组件的钻床导管的下端，套爪接头的母头上方安装一个隔离阀，来阻止在钻出孔后管道流体从钻床导管和钻孔组件泄漏。
在特定的带压开孔条件下使用本发明所设计的无人船作业过程中的爆破器，针对特定工作环境和特定工作条件能更高效的完成既定管线作业。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解，这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。本发明的目标及特征考虑到如下结合附图的描述将更加明显，附图中：
图1是连接到海底管道的无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置的剖面图；
图2显示了将一个支撑框架组件降至海底的视图；
图3是显示将管道从海底提升的视图；
图4是显示带压开孔T形座的着陆的视图；
图5是夹紧到管道的带压开孔T形座的视图；
图6是钻孔组件着陆的视图；
图7是显示无人船用流体爆破器组件着陆的视图；
图8是显示装配好的无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置的视图；
图9是显示钻孔组件和流体爆破其组件收回，管道放在海底的视图；
图10是收回支撑架组件的视图。
具体实施方式
带压开孔流体爆破器装置，一般标记为采用附图标记20，现将具体参考附图描述。参考图1和8，带压开孔流体爆破器装置20由一个带压开孔鞍形卡或T形座22，一个钻孔组件24，一个流体爆破器组件26和一个支撑框架组件28(图8)组成。
参考图2和8，支撑框架组件28包括一个直立的框架30，附加在一个用来在海底F上垂直支撑直立框架30的基础32上。如图2所示，支撑框架组件28可以包括多个垂直腿34，附加到基础32上来给支撑框架组件28提供支撑。支撑框架组件28包括一个较低的管道夹钳36来夹紧到管道P上。管道夹钳36优 选液压控制的。支撑框架组件28还包括一个垂直的引导元件38，其原因将在下面解释。需理解的是支撑框架组件28与买得到的支撑框架组件类似。
参考图1和5，带压开孔T形座22是一个拼合夹具40和42，有一个从第一夹具42延伸向上，尺寸和形状用于连接钻孔组件24的第一风门42a，以及从第一风门42a张开一个角度布置，尺寸和形状用于连接流体爆破器26的第二风门42b。优选地，带压开孔T形座22用来被远程操纵潜水器(无人船用)15操纵(图3)。带压开孔T形座22用一个密封系统来密封拼合夹具40和42的纵向连接处。这些接头被无人船用15安装的一系列螺柱和螺母夹紧。对管道P的圆周状密封通过无人船用操作的密封激发系统被压在管道P上的附加的密封(未显示)实现。所有的密封在安装过程中被永久的定位并且不需要进一步的动作来维护密封。优选的，一个无人船用压力测试风门被提供来在钻孔操作开始前确保密封的完整性。
需要理解的是带压开孔T形座22与商业可供的带压开孔T形座相似。密封和夹紧配置没有被改变。被加到带压开孔T形座22上的一个特征是有用于连接流体爆破器26的第二个风门42b。
参考图1，钻孔组件24包括一个钻床44，是一个领域公认的工具，有长历史的着陆和潜水辅助操作。钻床44，优选液压驱动的，包括一个组合的引导钻和套式铣刀46。引导钻和套式铣刀46有一个特别的专长来保持和去除由套式铣刀46切割下的试片。这样的钻孔44在领域内是公知的。钻床44被密封防止钻孔中的压力损失。钻孔组件24包括一个钻床导管54，钻床44通过它延伸。
参考图1，钻孔组件24被安装到一个带压开孔T形座上的截断阀48，那里有一个无人船用套爪接头52，允许带压开孔钻孔组件24的快速安装和去除。一个无人船用带压对口在钻孔操作过程中连接带压开孔钻孔组件24到无人船用的液压系统。通过一个压力补偿的变速箱44a连接到钻床44实现引导钻和套式铣刀46的自动走刀。带压开孔钻和套式铣刀46如下面将解释的切割出一个孔h到管道P。孔的尺寸将依赖于管道直径和流体爆破器软管尺寸。钻孔组件24的 压力被密封于管道P，因此当钻床46在管道P上打出孔h时，管道中的流体或材料通过截止阀48和钻床导管54加压到钻孔组件24的内部。
仍然参考图1，一个倒锥50优选的位于截止阀48上方，为钻孔组件24在下降至带压开孔T形座22时提供引导。优选使用一个套爪接头52来连接钻孔组件24到带压开孔T形座22上。套爪接头52包括一个公头52a和一个母头52b用于可释放的互相配合。套爪接头是公知的装置。优选地，公头52a位于倒锥50里，母头52b连接到钻孔组件24的钻床导管54的下端。尽管没有显示，就在套爪接头52的母头52b上方很需要有一个隔离阀来阻止在钻出孔h后管道流体从钻床导管54和钻孔组件24泄漏。
流体爆破器26是一个领域公知的概念，已经被水管工人和阴沟管道清洗专业人员使用了很多年。一个在长400英尺的软管58上的专门的旋转喷嘴56被引入到管道里来打碎并清除石蜡堵塞。软管58通过一个电机驱动的软管绕盘60从用带压开孔钻之前钻出的孔被推进到管道里。一旦在管道里面，喷嘴56面向后方的射流(未显示)拉着软管58进入管道，随着喷嘴前进穿过管道。当喷嘴56到达堵塞物时，向前的移动自动停止直到足够的材料被去除掉，允许喷嘴56前进。从堵塞中间以一个很小的孔洞遂穿，由于切割射流几乎是垂直于管道中线而被阻止。不采用向前的射流。喷嘴56有一个旋转头的特征(未显示)，当喷嘴56推进时移动堵塞材料径向的出去到管道的壁面上。
如图1所示，流体爆破器26包含在一个压力容器62里，阻止了管道流体泄漏出系统。容器62与一个隔离阀64和一个无人船用操作的套爪接头66配合。带压开孔T形座22包括一个接头67和一个截断阀68用来快速简单的连接流体爆破器26。优选采用一个倒锥7，0位于截断阀68上方。套爪接头66包括一个公头66a和一个母头66b用来互相可卸开的配合。优选的，公头66a位于倒锥70里面，母头66b连接到容器62的低端。一个高压泵72，由无人船用驱动，提供压力至流体爆破器喷嘴56。过滤过的海水或其它流体爆破器外边的流体被用作主要的堵塞清除流体。一个容器62外边的无人船用操作接头74允许使用 外面提供的流体，例如柴油或溶剂，作为清除流体。液压驱动的软管绕盘60有水平卷曲的能力，提供流体爆破器软管58和喷嘴56的取回。无人船用可读的压力计和一个软管测长仪(未显示)提供对水爆破操作的连续监测。无人船用提供液压流体到软管绕盘60和泵72通过带压的对口连接。
用本发明的装置去除一个海底管道中堵塞的操作如图2-10所示并描述如下。插入点或带压开孔T形座22的位置标识在管道上，然后支撑框架28通过辅助船被降低到海底(图2)。无人船用在支撑框架28被降下时对它引导并定位，从而管道夹钳用一个自动锁住系统将自己附属到管道P上。两个附加的提升框架(未显示)可以着陆在管道P上支撑框架28的两侧，来提供额外的对管道P的支撑从而减小或消除带压开孔位置的弯曲应力(图3)。
无人船用给支撑框架28提供能量并提升框架，如果用的时候，提升管道P离开海底(图4)。每个框架被以足够小的增量提起，防止在管道P上产生的额外应力。当管道P被提升到海底上方足够高度时，无人船用对将要被带压开孔T形座22遮盖的管道表面进行外观检查。无人船用根据需要使用水流清洁或线刷清扫管道P。无人船用然后使用一个操纵器夹持的测量工具来确认管道P是足够的圆和直，能提供不漏的密封。
如图4所示，带压开孔T形座22通过专门的支撑框架28被引导到管道P上。支撑框架28在管道P被从海底举起之前放在管道P上。这种方法用来避免在部署中弯曲载荷不慎的被施加到管道P上。支撑框架28可以以附带带压开孔T形座的形式部署。依赖于安装过程中的海里的情况和容器容量，带压开孔T形座22可以单独的部署也可以与支撑框架28配合部署在海底。对口引导被提供用于单独部署。在带压开孔流体爆破器(HTFP)的安装和运行中支撑框架28和综合的带压对口T形座22提供了对管道P坚固的支撑。
如果带压开孔T形座22没有带着支撑框架28部署，它现在可以通过辅助船被降低并停靠在支撑框架28。当带压开孔T形座22就位了，无人船用操作支撑框架28来提升管道P到带压开孔T形座22的夹紧段。当管道P与带压开孔 T形座22接触时，无人船用操纵一个液压阀来关闭管道P周围的T形座加紧段。然后无人船用安装并拧紧纵向的密封螺栓。当这个完成的时候，无人船用激发圆周状密封。然后无人船用连接到测试风门来加压到带压开孔T形座22的内部容积来确保带压开孔T形座22密闭地连接到管道P。
当带压开孔T形座22和支撑框架28坚定的固定到管道P，钻床24被辅助船降下(图6)。无人船用引导钻床24到带压开孔T形座22上的对口引导并设置套爪接头52。无人船用打开在带压开孔T形座钻孔风门42a上的截断阀48。无人船用连接一个带孔对口液压连接到钻床并在管道P上钻出直径3英寸的孔。
在试片已经被切割后，钻孔电机反向旋转，将钻床和试片收回进入钻床本体。然后无人船用关闭带压开孔钻孔风门42a上的截断阀48。钻床可以在这时候移走。
然后液体爆破器26和引导框架27被辅助船降低(图7)。引导框架27被通过无人船用固定在带压开孔T形座22和管道P上。然后流体爆破器26着陆在带压开孔T形座22上并且无人船用设置套爪接头66。然后无人船用能打开带压开孔T形座22上的截断阀68和流体爆破器26上的隔离阀64。无人船用停靠在液体爆破器控制面板并连接到一个带压对口液压供给(图8)。采用软管测长器作为引导，无人船用操作软管绕盘60来推进软管58穿过钻床24钻出的3英寸孔并进入管道P。一个金属引导保护软管58不被孔的切割边缘擦伤。当软管58进入管道P内2至3英尺，无人船用放置软管绕盘60在自由线轴模式并打开高压泵74。然后流体爆破器喷嘴56推动软管58穿过管道P，在它前进时去除石蜡阻挡块。无人船用用软管测长器和压力计监视操作。一旦阻挡被清除掉或者最大管道长度被延伸到，无人船用关闭高压泵74并打开软管绕盘66来收回软管58。当软管测长仪显示软管58被完全收回时，无人船用关闭带压开孔截断阀68。管道P现在可以安装管检器来确认堵塞被完全清除掉了。
一旦操作完成，无人船用关闭流体爆破器隔离阀64并释放分别在流体爆破器26和带压开孔钻24上的套爪接头66和52(图9)。钻床24和流体爆破器 26通过辅助船被收回到水面(图10)。带有盲法兰的特定套爪接头通过辅助船被降下并被无人船用安装在带压开孔T形座截断阀上。在外观检查后，无人船用可以拉动释放销来从支撑框架28断开带压开孔T形座22。然后无人船用操纵支撑框架28上的提升机构来降下管道P到海底。一旦管道P安全的静止在海底，无人船用可以拉动每个管道夹钳36上的两个释放销来从管道上释放支撑和提升框架28。支撑和提升框架现在可以被回收到辅助船上。管道P现在准备好正常服务了。
需要理解带压开孔流体爆破器装置20的所有零件可以被潜水员或一个远程操纵潜水器(无人船用)操纵并且适合用在任何水深。带压开孔流体爆破器装置20的组装零件可以从一个潜水员辅助船部署。带压开孔流体爆破器装置20单个的零件可以回收用于偶然的干预。带压开孔流体爆破器装置20包括了密封箱在开孔和堵塞清洗操作过程中包含管道流体。截断阀和隔离阀提供断开过程的最小流体损失。当堵塞清除操作完结时，工具被回收到水面仅留下夹紧带压开孔T形座22在管道P上。带压开孔T形座22被与两个无人船用操纵的截止阀装配并且每个阀的出口安装有盲法兰。管道P回到正常运行，当带压开孔T形座22在插入点密封住管道P。当带压开孔T形座22在位时，可以使用正常的管检器操作。带压开孔T形座密封的生命期望可以合理的预测为超过20年。
虽然本发明已经参考特定的说明性实施例进行了描述，但是不会受到这些实施例的限定而仅仅受到附加权利要求的限定。本领域技术人员应当理解可以在不偏离本发明的保护范围和精神的情况下对本发明的实施例能够进行改动和修改。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述装置(20)由一个带压开孔鞍形卡或T形座(22)，一个钻孔组件(24)，一个流体爆破器组件(26)和一个支撑框架组件(28)组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述支撑框架组件(28)包括一个直立框架(30)，附加在一个用来在海底上垂直支撑直立框架(30)的基础(32)上，所述支撑框架组件(28)包括多个垂直腿(34)，附加到基础(32)上为支撑框架组件(28)提供支撑，还包括一个夹紧到管道上较低的管道夹钳(36)，所述管道夹钳(36)采用液压控制，还包括一个垂直的引导元件(38)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述带压开孔T形座(22)是一个拼合夹具(40，42)，具有从第一夹具(42)向上延伸，尺寸和形状用于连接钻机组件(24)的第一风门(42a)，从第一风门(42a)张开一个角度设置的尺寸和形状用于连接流体爆破器(26)的第二风门(42b)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述带压开孔T形座(22)由无人船用远程操纵潜水器(15)操纵，所述带压开孔T形座(22)用一个密封系统来密封拼合夹具(40，42)的纵向连接处，连接处的接头被无人船安装的一系列螺柱和螺母(15)夹紧，通过无人船用操作的密封激发系统由压在管道上的附加密封进行管道圆周向的密封，由无人船用压力测试风门确保钻孔操作开始前的密封完整性。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述钻孔组件(24)包括一个钻床(44)，所述钻床(44)采用液压驱动，包括一个组合的引导钻和套式铣刀(46)，所述引导钻和套式铣刀(46)用于保持和去除由套式铣刀(46)切割下的试片，密封钻床(44)从而防止钻 孔中的压力损失。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述钻孔组件(24)包括钻头导管(54)，所述钻床(44)通过它延伸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：所述钻孔组件(24)被安装到一个带压开孔T形座上的截断阀(48)上，所述截断阀(48)具有一个无人船用套爪接头(52)，允许带压开孔钻孔组件(24)的快速安装和去除，所述钻孔组件(24)通过一个压力补偿的变速箱(44a)连接到钻床(44)实现引导钻和套式铣刀(46)的自动走刀，所述钻孔组件(24)的压力被密封于管道内，当钻床(46)在管道上打出孔时，管道中的流体或材料通过截止阀(48)和钻床导管(54)加压到钻孔组件(24)的内部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种无人船用带压开孔流体爆破器装置(20)，其特征在于：倒锥(50)位于所述截止阀(48)上方，为钻孔组件(24)在下降至带压开孔T形座(22)时提供引导，所述套爪接头(52)将钻孔组件(24)连接到带压开孔T形座(22)上，所述套爪接头(52)包括一个公头(52a)和一个母头(52b)，用于可释放的互相配合，所述公头(52a)位于倒锥(50)里，所述母头(52b)连接到钻孔组件(24)的钻床导管(54)的下端，套爪接头(52)的母头(52b)上方安装一个隔离阀，来阻止在钻出孔后管道流体从钻床导管(54)和钻孔组件(24)泄漏。
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