WO2018015225A1 - On-board vehicle electrical system and method - Google Patents

On-board vehicle electrical system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018015225A1
WO2018015225A1 PCT/EP2017/067465 EP2017067465W WO2018015225A1 WO 2018015225 A1 WO2018015225 A1 WO 2018015225A1 EP 2017067465 W EP2017067465 W EP 2017067465W WO 2018015225 A1 WO2018015225 A1 WO 2018015225A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor terminal
fbn
terminal connections
electrical system
vehicle electrical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/067465
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franz Pfeilschifter
Bernhard Sofaly
Bernd Kasper
Florian Schmidbauer
Philip Brockerhoff
Thomas Heckner
Jörg SCHULTHEISS
Matthias Töns
Martin SPORNRAFT
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Publication of WO2018015225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018015225A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B60L2220/54—Windings for different functions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles include an electrical energy storage for supplying the electric drive.
  • Electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids are equipped with a connection, with which DC and / or AC voltage energy from a stationary, electrical supply network (local or public) for charging the energy storage can be transferred to this.
  • Figure 1 is a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, with a hybrid switch assembly of two mechanical and / or contactor switches and to these two anti-parallel to each other semiconductor switch devices. for switching the electric motor to a safe state / safe state,
  • FIG. 2 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 3 is a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, comprising a hybrid switch arrangement comprising two mechanical and / or contactor switches and (as a triangle) three semiconductor switch devices at inputs of the electric motor,
  • 5 is a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, with a hybrid switch assembly of two mechanical and / or contactor switches and to each of these two mutually serial semiconductor switch devices; for switching the electric motor to a safe state / safe state,
  • FIG. 6 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 5, FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, with a hybrid switch arrangement of two mechanical and / or contactor switches and (in star connection) three semiconductor switch devices at inputs of the
  • FIG. 8 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 7, FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows a motor vehicle charging at a charging station
  • FIG. 11 shows a motor vehicle traveling with energy, for example, from its energy store
  • 1 shows schematically and simply as an embodiment of the invention for charging an energy store ES (such as a high-voltage / HV battery of a plug-in hybrid / electric vehicle ⁇ Kfz) a vehicle electrical system FBN, from a charging station Lad via a plug Stk with DC DC and / or single-phase AC AC and / or three-phase AC (AC) AC is chargeable
  • ES energy store
  • FBN vehicle electrical system
  • the illustrated vehicle electrical system FBN has a plug Stk (eg according to FIG. 1 and / or 5) for charging the energy store ES from a charging device Lad (to which the plug Stk can be plugged) with DC DC and / or (single-phase)
  • Alternating current AC and / or (three-phase) three-phase AC (possibly one after the other).
  • plug Stk eg via an EMC filter EMC-F
  • electric machine EM are several (here in a switch box SW box and / or a housing and / or module arranged) by a control Ctrl controlled switching devices SW1-SW4, SP1, Sp2, HL1-HL3 / HL4-HL7 connected.
  • three switching devices SW1-SW3 are for switching (by Ctrl) one or two or three motor terminal connections (eg AC1 or AC2 or AC3, or AC1 and AC2 and AC3, or DC + and DC-) to one of the charging inputs U2 , V2, W2 provided an electric machine EM.
  • two switching devices SP1, SP2 are (also) usable for a star-delta (um) circuit and / or for switching from a traction mode to a loading mode and / or for a safe-state.
  • a switching device SW4 may be provided for switching an N-conductor.
  • the switching device SW4 is closer to the plug Stk as one and Fig. 1 shown connected to serial inductance.
  • inner phases U2, V2, W2 of the electric machine EM eg an electric motor of an electric vehicle
  • AI e.g an electric motor of an electric vehicle
  • A2, A3 e.g a vehicle electrical system FBN
  • FIGS. 1-4 show, according to embodiments of the invention, possibilities for switching the electrical machine EM (by a controller Ctrl) into a safe state and / or de-energized and / or conducting and / or short-circuiting.
  • control Ctrl In each case either turned on or not turned on
  • Switching devices form e.g. a hybrid circuit.
  • Such a hybrid hybrid comprises e.g. in Figures 1, 2 twice each (e.g., exactly) a mechanical switching device (e.g.
  • Hybbridscnies includes, for example, in Fig. 3, 4 twice, for at least one mechanical switching device (eg contactors) SPl / SP2, and each parallel to a respective semiconducting ⁇ ter-switching means HLL, HL2 (SPl parallel to HLL, Sp2 parallel to HL2) .
  • 4 further comprises a semiconductor switching device HL3 is provided (HL3 parallel to: series of Spl and Sp2), and wherein the three semiconductor switching devices HLL, HL2, HL3 can form a triangle.
  • HL3 parallel to: series of Spl and Sp2
  • Such a hybrid hybrid circuit includes, for example, in Fig. 5, 6 alternatively (twice) each (eg exactly) a mechanical switching device (eg contactors) Spl, Sp2 and each parallel to two mutually serial (eg MOSFET) semiconductor switching devices HL8, HL9; HL10, HL11
  • Such a hybrid hybrid comprises e.g. in Fig. 7, 8
  • Semiconductor switching devices are e.g. Semiconductors, in particular thyristors or IGBTs or silicon carbide semiconductors or MOSFETS.
  • serial semiconductor switch devices HL6, HL7 or: two of each of HL14, HLS, HL13
  • these may e.g. simultaneously or approximately simultaneously non-conductive switched and / or disconnected.
  • ⁇ ter-HL2 switch means HL6, HL7; HL10, HL11; HL14, HLS, HL13 switched on,
  • serial semiconductor switch devices HL6, HL7 or: two of each of HL14, HLS, HL13
  • these may e.g. be switched on simultaneously or approximately simultaneously.
  • a semiconductor switching device does not necessarily have to be dimensioned very large if it has to withstand a high current (for example also 200 A) for a short time (for example 100 ms) before the current flows relatively quickly across the mechanical parallel to it
  • At least one semiconductor switching device parallel to a mechanical switching device can each serve to avoid an arc in the mechanical switching device when switching.
  • control Ctrl for switching in particular of motor phases, for example, a stator
  • control Ctrl for switching in particular of motor phases, for example, a stator
  • Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2)
  • Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, SP2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, SP2) which are also controlled by the control Ctrl to switch over
  • a (charging mode) state of charging an energy store ES connected to the vehicle electrical system FBN from a charging station Lad via eg a plug Stk or charging coils, etc., eg as in the figures
  • a (traction operation) state of driving eg for a moving (v) vehicle motor vehicle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an on-board vehicle electrical system (FBN), comprising three motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3) for and/or connected to a respective motor phase (U2, V2, W2) of an electric machine (EM) and comprising switch devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) which are controlled by a controller (Ctrl) and by means of which at least two respective motor terminal connections of the three motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3) can be connected together. A mechanical switch device (Sp1) and at least one semiconductor switch device (HL1; HL4, HL5) parallel thereto are connected between a first motor terminal connection (A1) of the motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3) and a second motor terminal connection (A2) of the motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3), and a mechanical switch device (Sp2) and at least one semiconductor switch device (HL2; HL6, HL7) parallel thereto are connected between the second motor terminal connection (A2) of the motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3) and a third motor terminal connection (A3) of the motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3).

Description

Beschreibung description
Fahrzeugbordnetz und Verfahren Kraftfahrzeuge mit einem elektrischen Antrieb, d.h. Elektro- fahrzeuge und Hybridfahrzeuge, umfassen einen elektrischen Energiespeicher zur Versorgung des elektrischen Antriebs. Elektrofahrzeuge und Plug-In-Hybride sind mit einem Anschluss ausgestattet, mittels dem sich mit Gleichspannung und/oder Wechselspannung Energie von einem stationären, elektrischen Versorgungsnetz (lokal oder öffentlich) zum Aufladen des Energiespeichers an diesen übertragen lässt. Vehicle electrical system and method Automotive vehicles with an electric drive, i. Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, include an electrical energy storage for supplying the electric drive. Electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids are equipped with a connection, with which DC and / or AC voltage energy from a stationary, electrical supply network (local or public) for charging the energy storage can be transferred to this.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Schalten eines Elekt- romotors eines (Kraft) -Fahrzeugs (z.B. PKW, LKW) in einen sicheren Zustand / safe State /stromlosen Zustand / Kurzschluss zu optimieren. Diese Aufgabe wird jeweils durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weitere mögliche Ausge¬ staltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen An- Sprüchen sowie aus dieser Beschreibung und den Fig., wobei auch beliebige Kombinationen von Merkmalen eines oder mehrerer der Ausführungsbeispiele miteinander eigenständige Weiterbildungen oder Erfindungen definieren können. It is an object of the invention to optimize switching of an electric motor of a (power) vehicle (eg passenger car, truck) to a safe state / de-energized state / short circuit. This object is achieved in each case by the subject matters of the independent claims. Further possible Substituted ¬ refinements of the invention emerge from the dependent claims as well as a reflection from this description and Figs., Whereby any combinations of features of one or more embodiments may define independent developments and inventions each other.
In der Zeichnung zeigt zur Veranschaulichung von einigen möglichen Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung, vereinfachend schematisch :  In the drawing, to illustrate some possible embodiments of the invention, simplifying schematically:
Fig. 1 ein Fahrzeugbordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug oder in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Hybridschalteranordnung aus zwei mechanischen und/oder Schütz-Schaltern und zu diesen jeweils zwei zueinander antiparallelen Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen; zum Schalten des Elektromotors in einen sicheren Zustand / safe State,  Figure 1 is a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, with a hybrid switch assembly of two mechanical and / or contactor switches and to these two anti-parallel to each other semiconductor switch devices. for switching the electric motor to a safe state / safe state,
Fig. 2 vergrößert die Schalteinrichtungen in Fig. 1,  FIG. 2 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 1, FIG.
Fig. 3 ein Fahrzeugbordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug oder in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Hybridschalteranordnung aus zwei mechanischen und/oder Schütz-Schaltern und (als Dreieck) drei Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen an Eingängen des Elektromotors, Fig. 3 is a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, comprising a hybrid switch arrangement comprising two mechanical and / or contactor switches and (as a triangle) three semiconductor switch devices at inputs of the electric motor,
Fig. 4 vergrößert die Schalteinrichtungen in Fig. 3, 4 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 3,
Fig. 5 ein Fahrzeugbordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug oder in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Hybridschalteranordnung aus zwei mechanischen und/oder Schütz-Schaltern und zu diesen jeweils zwei zueinander seriellen Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen; zum Schalten des Elektromotors in einen sicheren Zustand / safe State,  5 is a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, with a hybrid switch assembly of two mechanical and / or contactor switches and to each of these two mutually serial semiconductor switch devices; for switching the electric motor to a safe state / safe state,
Fig. 6 vergrößert die Schalteinrichtungen in Fig. 5,  FIG. 6 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 5, FIG.
Fig. 7 ein Fahrzeugbordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug oder in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Hybridschalteranordnung aus zwei mechanischen und/oder Schütz-Schaltern und (in Sternschaltung) drei Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen an Eingängen des 7 shows a vehicle electrical system for a motor vehicle or in a motor vehicle, with a hybrid switch arrangement of two mechanical and / or contactor switches and (in star connection) three semiconductor switch devices at inputs of the
Elektromotors , Electric motor,
Fig. 8 vergrößert die Schalteinrichtungen in Fig. 7,  FIG. 8 enlarges the switching devices in FIG. 7, FIG.
Fig. 9 einen Stecker zum Anschluss des Fahrzeugbordnetzes an eine Ladeeinrichtung, 9 shows a plug for connecting the vehicle electrical system to a charging device,
Fig. 10 ein an einer Ladestation ladendes Kraftfahrzeug, Fig. 11 ein mit Energie z.B. aus seinem Energiespeicher fahrendes Kraftfahrzeug. Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch und vereinfachend als eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zum Laden eines Energiespeichers ES (wie z.B. einer Hochvolt-/HV-Batterie eines PlugInHybrid-/Elektro- Kraft¬ fahrzeugs Kfz) ein Fahrzeugbordnetz FBN, das von einer Ladestation Lad über einen Stecker Stk mit Gleichstrom DC und/oder einphasigem Wechselstrom AC und/oder dreiphasigem Wechselstrom (Drehstrom) AC ladbar ist, 10 shows a motor vehicle charging at a charging station, FIG. 11 shows a motor vehicle traveling with energy, for example, from its energy store. 1 shows schematically and simply as an embodiment of the invention for charging an energy store ES (such as a high-voltage / HV battery of a plug-in hybrid / electric vehicle ¬ Kfz) a vehicle electrical system FBN, from a charging station Lad via a plug Stk with DC DC and / or single-phase AC AC and / or three-phase AC (AC) AC is chargeable,
wobei z.B. über Schalteinrichtung SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4 ; SP1, SP2 einer Schalteinrichtung SW-Box zum Steuern insbesondere des Ladens des zu ladenden Energiespeichers dargestellt sind. Das dargestellte Fahrzeugbordnetz FBN weist einen Stecker Stk (z.B. gemäß Fig. 1 und/oder 5) auf zum Laden des Energiespeichers ES aus einer Ladeeinrichtung Lad (an die der Stecker Stk ansteckbar ist) mit Gleichstrom DC und/oder (einphasigem) eg via switching device SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4; SP1, SP2 of a switching device SW box are shown for controlling, in particular, the charging of the energy store to be charged. The illustrated vehicle electrical system FBN has a plug Stk (eg according to FIG. 1 and / or 5) for charging the energy store ES from a charging device Lad (to which the plug Stk can be plugged) with DC DC and / or (single-phase)
Wechselstrom AC und/oder (dreiphasigem) Drehstrom AC (ggf. nacheinander) . Alternating current AC and / or (three-phase) three-phase AC (possibly one after the other).
Im Beispiel eines Steckers Stk wie z.B. in Fig. 1, 5 sind z.B. zwei Lade-Eingänge DC+, DC- eines Gleich¬ strom-Übertragungsanschlusses DC des Fahrzeugbordnetzes FBN zum Laden des Energiespeichers En mit Gleichstrom dargestellt, sowie Lade-Eingänge AC1, AC2, AC3, (N-Leiter) N und eine Erdung LV-Gnd (=in Fig. 5 bezeichnet als LI, L2, L3, L4, N) eines Wechselstrom-Übertragungsanschlusses AC des Fahrzeugbordnetzes FBN für einphasigen Wechselstrom AC und/oder dreiphasigen Drehstrom AC, und ggf. SteuerungsMotorklemmen-Anschlüsse und/oder KommunikationsMotorklemmen-Anschlüsse (P / CP) . In the example of a connector Stk such as in Fig. 1, 5, for example, two charging inputs DC +, DC- a DC ¬ current transfer terminal DC of the vehicle electrical system FBN for charging the energy storage En with DC shown, and charging inputs AC1, AC2, AC3, (N-type) N and a ground LV-Gnd (= in Fig. 5 referred to as LI, L2, L3, L4, N) of an AC transmission terminal AC of the vehicle electrical system FBN for single-phase AC and / or AC three-phase AC , and possibly control motor terminal connections and / or communication engine terminal connections (P / CP).
Mit dem Stecker Stk (z.B. über ein EMV-Filter EMV-F) und/oder mit der elektrischen Maschine EM sind mehrere (hier in einer Schaltbox SW-Box und/oder einem Gehäuse und/oder Modul ange- ordnete) von einer Steuerung Ctrl gesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen SW1-SW4, SP1, Sp2, HL1-HL3 /HL4 -HL7 verbunden. With the plug Stk (eg via an EMC filter EMC-F) and / or with the electric machine EM are several (here in a switch box SW box and / or a housing and / or module arranged) by a control Ctrl controlled switching devices SW1-SW4, SP1, Sp2, HL1-HL3 / HL4-HL7 connected.
Hier drei Schalteinrichtungen SW1-SW3 sind zum Schalten (durch Ctrl) eines oder zweier oder dreier Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (z.B. AC1 oder AC2 oder AC3, oder AC1 und AC2 und AC3, oder DC+ und DC-) auf je einen der Lade-Eingänge U2, V2, W2 einer elektrische Maschine EM vorgesehen. Z.B. zwei Schalteinrichtungen SP1, SP2 sind (auch) für eine Sterndreiecks (um) Schaltung und/oder zum Umschalten von einem Traktionsbetrieb auf einen Ladebetrieb und/oder für einen safe-state verwendbar.  Here, three switching devices SW1-SW3 are for switching (by Ctrl) one or two or three motor terminal connections (eg AC1 or AC2 or AC3, or AC1 and AC2 and AC3, or DC + and DC-) to one of the charging inputs U2 , V2, W2 provided an electric machine EM. For example, two switching devices SP1, SP2 are (also) usable for a star-delta (um) circuit and / or for switching from a traction mode to a loading mode and / or for a safe-state.
Eine Schalteinrichtung SW4 kann zum Schalten eines N-Leiters vorgesehen sein. In Fig. 1 ist die Schalteinrichtung SW4 näher am Stecker Stk als eine und Fig. 1 dargestellte dazu serielle Induktivität geschaltet. In Fig. 1-4 sind nach Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung innere Phasen U2, V2, W2 der elektrischen Maschine EM (z.B. ein Elektromotor eines Elektrofahrzeugs ) jeweils mit einem der drei Motor¬ klemmen-Anschlüsse AI, A2, A3 (z.B. eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes FBN) verbunden. A switching device SW4 may be provided for switching an N-conductor. In Fig. 1, the switching device SW4 is closer to the plug Stk as one and Fig. 1 shown connected to serial inductance. 1-4, according to embodiments of the invention, inner phases U2, V2, W2 of the electric machine EM (eg an electric motor of an electric vehicle) each with one of the three motor ¬ terminal connections AI, A2, A3 (eg a vehicle electrical system FBN) connected.
Fig. 1-4 zeigen nach Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung Möglichkeiten, um die elektrische Maschine EM (durch eine Steuerung Ctrl) in einen safe State oder sicheren Zustand und/oder stromlos zu schalten und/oder leitend zu schalten und/oder kurzzu- schließen.  FIGS. 1-4 show, according to embodiments of the invention, possibilities for switching the electrical machine EM (by a controller Ctrl) into a safe state and / or de-energized and / or conducting and / or short-circuiting.
Die von einer Steuerung Ctrl gesteuerten (also jeweils entweder leitend geschalteten oder nicht leitend geschalteten)  Controlled by a control Ctrl (in each case either turned on or not turned on)
Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2; HL8, HL9, HL10, HLll, SPl, Sp2; HL12, HL13, HL14, SPl, Sp2) bilden z.B. eine Hybbridschaltung . Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2, HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SP1, Sp2, HL12, HL13, HL14, SP1, Sp2) form e.g. a hybrid circuit.
Eine solche Hybbridschaltung umfasst z.B. in Fig. 1, 2 zweimal je (z.B. genau) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (z.B. Such a hybrid hybrid comprises e.g. in Figures 1, 2 twice each (e.g., exactly) a mechanical switching device (e.g.
Schütze) Spl, Sp2 und jeweils parallel dazu zwei zueinander antiparallele (also wenn leitend dann in entgegengesetzter Richtung leitende) Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen HL4, HL5; HL6, HL7 Sagittarius) Spl, Sp2 and parallel to each other two mutually antiparallel (ie when conductive then conductive in the opposite direction) semiconductor switching devices HL4, HL5; HL6, HL7
(SPl parallel zu HL4 und zu HL5, Sp2 parallel zu HL6 und HL7) . Eine solche Hybbridschaltung umfasst z.B. in Fig. 3, 4 zweimal je mindestens eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (z.B. Schütze) SPl / SP2, und jeweils parallel dazu je eine Halblei¬ ter-Schalteinrichtung HLl, HL2 (SPl parallel zu HLl, Sp2 parallel zu HL2), (SPl parallel to HL4 and to HL5, Sp2 parallel to HL6 and HL7). Such Hybbridschaltung includes, for example, in Fig. 3, 4 twice, for at least one mechanical switching device (eg contactors) SPl / SP2, and each parallel to a respective semiconducting ¬ ter-switching means HLL, HL2 (SPl parallel to HLL, Sp2 parallel to HL2) .
wobei in Fig. 3, 4 ferner eine Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtung HL3 vorgesehen (HL3 parallel zu: Serie aus Spl und Sp2) ist, und wobei die drei Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen HLl, HL2, HL3 ein Dreieck bilden können. wherein in Fig. 3, 4 further comprises a semiconductor switching device HL3 is provided (HL3 parallel to: series of Spl and Sp2), and wherein the three semiconductor switching devices HLL, HL2, HL3 can form a triangle.
Eine solche Hybbridschaltung umfasst z.B. in Fig. 5, 6 alternativ (zweimal) je (z.B. genau) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (z.B. Schütze) Spl, Sp2 und jeweils parallel dazu zwei zueinander serielle (z.B. MOSFET-) Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen HL8, HL9; HL10, HL11 Such a hybrid hybrid circuit includes, for example, in Fig. 5, 6 alternatively (twice) each (eg exactly) a mechanical switching device (eg contactors) Spl, Sp2 and each parallel to two mutually serial (eg MOSFET) semiconductor switching devices HL8, HL9; HL10, HL11
(SPl parallel zu Serie aus HL8 und HL9, Sp2 parallel zu Serie aus HL10 und HL11) . (SPl parallel to series of HL8 and HL9, Sp2 parallel to series of HL10 and HL11).
Eine solche Hybbridschaltung umfasst z.B. in Fig. 7, 8  Such a hybrid hybrid comprises e.g. in Fig. 7, 8
zwei mechanische Schalteinrichtungen (z.B. Schütze) SPl, Sp2 und drei Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtung HL12, HL13, HL14, wobei die drei (z.B. MOSFET-) Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen HL12, HL13, HL14 einen (Halbleiterschaltungs- ) Stern- (Punkt) HLS bilden . two mechanical switching devices (e.g., contactors) SP1, SP2, and three semiconductor switching devices HL12, HL13, HL14, the three (e.g., MOSFET) semiconductor switching devices HL12, HL13, HL14 forming a (semiconductor circuit) star (dot) HLS.
Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen sind z.B. Halbleiter, insbe- sondere Thyristoren oder IGBTs oder Siliziumcarbid-Halbleiter oder MOSFETS. Semiconductor switching devices are e.g. Semiconductors, in particular thyristors or IGBTs or silicon carbide semiconductors or MOSFETS.
Wenn die elektrische Maschine EM stromlos geschaltet und/oder in ein einen sicheren Zustand gebracht werden soll, When the electric machine EM is to be de-energized and / or brought into a safe state,
werden Motorphasen U2 , V2, W2 der elektrischen Maschine (EM), die über Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) leitend miteinander verbunden sind, Motor phases U2, V2, W2 of the electric machine (EM), which are conductively connected to one another via switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2),
durch eine von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) gesteuerte Öffnung der Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) getrennt. by an opening of the switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) controlled by a control (Ctrl).
Zum Trennen einer oder aller inneren Motorphasen U2, V2, W2 der elektrischen Maschine EM (z.B. für einen sicheren und/oder stromlosen Zustand der elektrischen Maschine EM) , For disconnecting one or all of the internal motor phases U2, V2, W2 of the electric machine EM (for example for a safe and / or de-energized state of the electric machine EM),
welche inneren Motorphasen (U2, V2, W2) miteinander durch leitend geschaltete Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2 ; HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SPl, Sp2 ; HL12, HL13, HL14, SPl, Sp2) verbunden sind, wird jeweils erst eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung Spl; Sp2 nicht-leitend geschaltet (getrennt) und danach mindestens eine (insbesondere zur ihr parallele) Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung HL2; HL6, HL7 ; HL10, HL11; HL14, HLS, HL13 nicht-leitend ge- schaltet und/oder getrennt. which inner motor phases (U2, V2, W2) are connected to one another by conducting switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2, HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SP1, Sp2; HL12, HL13, HL14, SP1, Sp2), each first a mechanical switching device Spl; Sp2 switched non-conducting (disconnected) and then at least one (in particular parallel to her) semiconductor switch device HL2; HL6, HL7; HL10, HL11; HL14, HLS, HL13 non-conductive switched and / or disconnected.
Z.B. in Fällen zueinander (direkt oder über einen Sternpunkt) serieller Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HL6, HL7 oder: je zwei von HL14, HLS, HL13) können diese z.B. gleichzeitig oder näherungsweise gleichzeitig nicht-leitend geschaltet und/oder getrennt werden.  For example, in cases to each other (directly or via a star point) of serial semiconductor switch devices (HL6, HL7 or: two of each of HL14, HLS, HL13) these may e.g. simultaneously or approximately simultaneously non-conductive switched and / or disconnected.
Es können auch alle inneren Motorphasen U2, V2, W2 der elektrischen Maschine EM gleichzeitig oder näherungsweise gleichzeitig nicht-leitend geschaltet und/oder getrennt werden (jeweils erst eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung und dann mindestens eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung HL2).  It is also possible for all inner motor phases U2, V2, W2 of the electric machine EM to be switched and / or disconnected simultaneously or approximately simultaneously (in each case first a mechanical switching device and then at least one semiconductor switch device HL2).
Zum Verbinden einer oder aller inneren Motorphasen U2, V2, W2 der elektrischen Maschine EM (z.B. für einen angetriebenen Zustand der elektrischen Maschine EM) , For connecting one or all of the internal motor phases U2, V2, W2 of the electric machine EM (for example for a driven state of the electric machine EM),
welche inneren Motorphasen (U2, V2, W2) miteinander durch nicht-leitend geschaltete Schalteinrichtungen (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2; HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SP1, Sp2; HL12, HL13, HL14, SP1, Sp2) gerade nicht leitend verbunden sind, which inner motor phases (U2, V2, W2) are connected to one another by non-switched switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2, HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SP1, Sp2, HL12, HL13, HL14, SP1, Sp2) are currently not connected in a conducting manner,
wird jeweils erst mindestens eine Halblei¬ ter-Schaltereinrichtung HL2; HL6, HL7 ; HL10, HL11; HL14, HLS, HL13 leitend geschaltet, is in each case only at least one semiconducting ¬ ter-HL2 switch means; HL6, HL7; HL10, HL11; HL14, HLS, HL13 switched on,
und danach eine insbesondere zur ihr parallele mechanische Schalteinrichtung Spl; Sp2 leitend geschaltet. and thereafter a mechanical switching device Spl which is in particular parallel to it; Sp2 switched on.
Z.B. in Fällen zueinander (direkt oder über einen Sternpunkt) serieller Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HL6, HL7 oder: je zwei von HL14, HLS, HL13) können diese z.B. gleichzeitig oder näherungsweise gleichzeitig leitend geschaltet werden. For example, in cases to each other (directly or via a star point) of serial semiconductor switch devices (HL6, HL7 or: two of each of HL14, HLS, HL13) these may e.g. be switched on simultaneously or approximately simultaneously.
Es können auch alle inneren Motorphasen U2, V2, W2 der elektrischen Maschine EM gleichzeitig oder näherungsweise gleichzeitig leitend geschaltet getrennt werden (jeweils erst mindestens eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung und dann eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung) . It can also all internal motor phases U2, V2, W2 the electric machine EM simultaneously or approximately simultaneously switched conductive isolated (in each case at least one semiconductor switch device and then a mechanical switching device).
Eine Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtung muss dabei nach Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung nicht notwendigerweise sehr groß dimensioniert sein, wenn sie einen hohen Strom (z.B. auch 200A) nur eher kurz (z.B. 100ms) lang aushalten muss, bevor der Strom relativ schnell über die zu ihr parallele mechanische According to embodiments of the invention, a semiconductor switching device does not necessarily have to be dimensioned very large if it has to withstand a high current (for example also 200 A) for a short time (for example 100 ms) before the current flows relatively quickly across the mechanical parallel to it
Schalteinrichtung fließt. Mindestens eine zu einer mechanischen Schalteinrichtung parallele Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtung kann jeweils dazu dienen, einen Lichtbogen in der mechanischen Schalteinrichtung beim Schalten zu vermeiden.  Switching device flows. At least one semiconductor switching device parallel to a mechanical switching device can each serve to avoid an arc in the mechanical switching device when switching.
Die von der Steuerung Ctrl zum Schalten (insbesondere von Motorphasen z.B. eines Stators) der elektrischen Maschine EM in einen sicheren und/oder stromlosen Zustand gesteuerten The control by the control Ctrl for switching (in particular of motor phases, for example, a stator) of the electric machine EM in a safe and / or de-energized state
Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) sind  Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2)
Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2), die auch von der Steuerung Ctrl dazu angesteuert sind um umzuschalten  Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, SP2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, SP2) which are also controlled by the control Ctrl to switch over
zwischen einem (Ladebetrieb) -Zustand eines Ladens eines mit dem Fahrzeugbordnetz FBN verbundenen Energiespeichers ES (von einer Ladestation Lad über z.B. einen Stecker Stk oder Ladespulen usw . , z.B. wie in den Fig . ) und einem (Traktionsbetrieb) -Zustand eines Antreibens (z.B. für ein fahrendes (v) Fahrzeug Kfz) der elektrischen Maschine EM durch den Energiespeicher ES. between a (charging mode) state of charging an energy store ES connected to the vehicle electrical system FBN (from a charging station Lad via eg a plug Stk or charging coils, etc., eg as in the figures) and a (traction operation) state of driving (eg for a moving (v) vehicle motor vehicle) of the electric machine EM through the energy storage ES.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) mit 1. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) with
-mindestens drei Motorklemmen-Anschlüssen (AI, A2, A3) für je eine Motorphase (U2, V2, W2 ) einer elektrischen Maschine (EM), -mit von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) gesteuerten Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2 ; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2; HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SPl, Sp2; HL12, HL13, HL14, SPl, Sp2) durch welche Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) miteinander verbindbar sind,  at least three motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) for each one motor phase (U2, V2, W2) of an electric machine (EM), with switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1) controlled by a control (Ctrl) Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2, HL8, HL9, HL10, HL11, SP1, Sp2, HL12, HL13, HL14, SP1, Sp2) can be connected to one another by means of which motor terminal connections (A1, A2, A3) are,
-wobei zwischen einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) mindestens eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Spl) und mindestens eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HLl; HL4, HL5 ; HL8, HL9; HL12, HLS, HL14) geschaltet sind,  between a first (AI) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) at least one mechanical switching device (Spl) and at least one semiconductor switching device ( HL1, HL4, HL5, HL8, HL9, HL12, HLS, HL14),
-wobei zwischen dem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Sp2) und mindestens eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HL2; HL6, HL7; HL10, HL11; HL14, HLS, HL13) geschaltet sind. (Fig. 1; 3; 5; 7)  between the second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a third (A3) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3), a mechanical switching device (Sp2) and at least one semiconductor switching device (HL2 HL6, HL7, HL10, HL11, HL14, HLS, HL13). (Figures 1, 3, 5, 7)
2. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, -wobei zwischen einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem zweiten (A2) der Motor- klemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schaltein¬ richtung (Spl) und zwei zueinander antiparallel geschaltete Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HL4, HL5) geschaltet sind, -wobei zwischen dem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Sp2) und zwei zueinander antiparallel geschaltete Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HL6, HL7) geschaltet sind 2. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to any one of the preceding claims, -wobei between a first (AI) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) a mechanical Schaltein ¬ direction (Spl) and two anti-parallel connected semiconductor switch devices (HL4, HL5) are connected, -wobei between the second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a third (A3) of Motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3), a mechanical switching device (Sp2) and two anti-parallel connected to each other semiconductor switch devices (HL6, HL7) are connected
insbesondere Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3) in Form von IGBTs oder aus je zwei zueinander antiseriellen MOSFETS . in particular semiconductor switch devices (HL1, HL2, HL3) in the form of IGBTs or of two mutually antiseries MOSFETs.
(Fig. 1, 2) (Fig. 1, 2)
3. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden An- Sprüche, -wobei zwischen einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalt¬ einrichtung (Spl) und eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HLl) geschaltet sind, 3. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to any one of the preceding claims, -wobei between a first (AI) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) a mechanical switching device ¬ (Spl) and a semiconductor switch means (HLL) are connected,
-wobei zwischen dem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Sp2) und eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HL2) geschaltet sind, between the second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a third (A3) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) a mechanical switching device (Sp2) and a semiconductor switching device (HL2) are switched,
-wobei zwischen dem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HL3) geschaltet ist. wherein between the third (A3) of the motor terminal terminals (AI, A2, A3) and a first (AI) of the motor terminal terminals (AI, A2, A3), a semiconductor switch means (HL3) is connected.
(Fig. 3, 4) 4. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, -wobei zwischen einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Spl) und genau eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HLl) geschaltet sind, -wobei zwischen dem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Sp2) und genau eine Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HL2) geschaltet sind, -wobei zwischen dem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) die zwei zueinander seriellen mechanische 4. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to the preceding claim, -wobei between a first (AI) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3), a mechanical switching device (Spl) and exactly one semiconductor switch device (HLI) are connected, whereby between the second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a third (A3) of the motor terminals Terminals (AI, A2, A3), a mechanical switching device (Sp2) and exactly one semiconductor switching device (HL2) are connected, -wobei between the third (A3) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a first (AI ) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) the two mutually serial mechanical
Schalteinrichtungen (Spl, Sp2) und genau eine Halblei¬ ter-Schaltereinrichtung (HL3) geschaltet sind. (Fig. 3, Switching means (Spl, Sp2) and exactly one semiconducting ¬ ter-switch means (HL3) are connected. (Fig. 3,
4) 4)
5. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der Ansprüche 3, 4, wobei die drei Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3) seriell zueinander in einer Richtung leitend geschaltet sind, und/oder 5. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to any one of claims 3, 4, wherein the three semiconductor switching devices (HLL, HL2, HL3) are connected in series with each other in one direction, and / or
wobei die drei Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3) so geschaltet sind, dass sie wenn sie von der Steuerung (Ctrl) alle leitend geschaltet sind alle in einer Richtung leitend geschaltet sind die einen Stromfluss seriell in einer Richtung durch alle drei Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3) hintereinander erlauben würde, wherein the three semiconductor switch devices (HL1, HL2, HL3) are connected such that when they are all turned on by the controller (Ctrl) they are all turned on in one direction, passing one current flow serially in one direction through all three semiconductor devices. Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3) one after the other would allow
insbesondere Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3) in Form von IGBTs oder aus je zwei zueinander antiseriellen MOSFETS. (Fig. 3, 4) 6. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, -wobei zwischen einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalt¬ einrichtung (Spl) und parallel dazu zwei zueinander seriell geschaltete Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HL8, HL9) geschaltet sind, in particular semiconductor switch devices (HL1, HL2, HL3) in the form of IGBTs or of two mutually antiserial MOSFETs. 6. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims, -wobei between a first (AI) of the motor terminal terminals (AI, A2, A3) and a second (A2) of the motor terminal terminals (AI , A2, A3) a mechanical switching device ¬ (Spl) and parallel to each other two series-connected semiconductor switch devices (HL8, HL9) are connected,
-wobei zwischen dem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Sp2) und parallel dazu zwei zueinander seriell geschaltete Halblei¬ ter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HL10, HL11) geschaltet sind insbesondere Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3) in Form von zwei zueinander antiseriellen MOSFETS. wherein between the second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a third (A3) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3), a mechanical switching device (Sp2) and parallel to each other two semi-connected in parallel In particular, semiconductor switch devices (HL1, HL2, HL3) are connected in the form of two mutually antiserial MOSFETs.
(Fig. 5, (Fig. 5,
6) 6)
7. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 7. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
-wobei zwischen einem ersten (AI) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Spl) geschaltet ist, between a first (AI) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) a mechanical switching device (Spl) is connected,
-wobei zwischen dem zweiten (A2) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) und einem dritten (A3) der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Sp2) geschaltet ist,  wherein a mechanical switching device (Sp2) is connected between the second (A2) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) and a third (A3) of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3),
-wobei zwischen einen Halbleiterschaltungs-Sternpunkt (HLS) und jedem der drei Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) eine Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtung (HL12, HL13, HL14) geschaltet ist, (Fig. 7, 8),  wherein between a semiconductor circuit star point (HLS) and each of the three motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3), a semiconductor switching device (HL12, HL13, HL14) is connected, (Fig. 7, 8),
insbesondere mit Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen (HL12, HL13, HL14) aus je zwei bidirektional leitenden und/oder zueinander antiseriell geschalteten Halbleitern, insbesondere MOSFETS. in particular with semiconductor switching devices (HL12, HL13, HL14) from two bidirectionally conducting and / or mutually antiserially connected semiconductors, in particular MOSFETs.
8. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei anstatt einer der Halbleiter-Schalteinrichtungen (HL12, HL13, am Halbleiterschaltungs-Sternpunkt (HLS) eine durchge¬ hende Verbindung geschaltet ist. 8. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to the preceding claim, wherein instead of one of the semiconductor switching devices (HL12, HL13, at the semiconductor circuit star point (HLS) a durchge ¬ rising connection is connected.
9. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach dem vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei seine Steuerung (Ctrl) dazu ausgebildet ist, 9. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to the preceding claims, wherein its control (Ctrl) is adapted to
zwischen je zweien der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) sowohl eine mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Spl; Sp2; SplundSp2) als auch mindestens eine oder zwei Halblei- ter-Schaltereinrichtung (HL1; HL4, HL5 ; HL2; HL6, HL7 ; HL3 ; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) leitend zu schalten, between each two of the motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) both a mechanical switching device (Spl; Sp2; SplundSp2) and at least one or two semiconductor switch devices (HL1; HL4; HL5; HL2; HL6, HL7; HL3 HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) to turn on,
insbesondere gleichzeitig oder näherungsweise gleichzeitig oder weniger als 20ms oder 10ms oder 5ms hintereinander leitend zu schalten (Spl, HL1; Spl, HL4, HL5 ; Sp2, HL2; Sp2, HL6, HL7 ; Spl, Sp2, HL3 ; Spl, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) . in particular simultaneously or approximately simultaneously or for less than 20 ms or 10 ms or 5 ms in succession (Spl, HL1, Spl, HL4, HL5, Sp2, HL2, Sp2, HL6, HL7, Spl, Sp2, HL3, Spl, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7).
10. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach dem vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei seine Steuerung (Ctrl) dazu ausgebildet ist, 10. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to the preceding claims, wherein its control (Ctrl) is adapted to
die mechanische Schalteinrichtung (Spl; Sp2; Spl und Sp2) vor der parallele Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HLl; HL4, HL5; HL2; HL6, HL7 ; HL3 ; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) wieder nicht-leitend zu schalten the mechanical switching device (Spl; Sp2, Spl and Sp2) before the parallel semiconductor switch device (HL1, HL4, HL5, HL2, HL6, HL7, HL3, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) again non-conductive switch
und/oder danach den parallelen Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtung (HLl; HL4, HL5 ; HL2; HL6, HL7 ; HL3 ; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) nicht-leitend zu schalten. and / or thereafter rendering the parallel semiconductor switch device (HL1, HL4, HL5, HL2, HL6, HL7, HL3, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) nonconductive.
11. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit 11. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims, with
-einem Wechselrichter (WR) und/oder an inverter (WR) and / or
-einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (ES) und/oder  an electrical energy store (ES) and / or
-einer elektrischen Maschine (EM) und/oder an electric machine (EM) and / or
-einem Wechselstrom-Übertragungsanschluss (AC) zum Laden (ES) und/oder  an AC transfer port (AC) for charging (ES) and / or
-einem Gleichstrom-Übertragungsanschluss (DC) zum Laden (ES) . - a DC transfer port (DC) for charging (ES).
12. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 12. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei die mechanischen Schalteinrichtungen (Spl) Schützschalter und/oder Relais sind. wherein the mechanical switching devices (Spl) are contactor switches and / or relays.
13. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 13. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei die Halbleiter-Schaltereinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) Halbleiter sind, insbesondere Thyristoren oder IGBTs oder Siliziumcarbid-Halbleiter oder MOSFETS. wherein the semiconductor switch devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7) are semiconductors, in particular thyristors or IGBTs or silicon carbide semiconductors or MOSFETs.
14. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 14. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei es dazu ausgebildet ist, einen Inverter (WR) , insbesondere einen Traktionsinverter, und/oder die elektrische Maschine (EM) in einen sicheren Zustand zu schalten und/oder stromlos zu schalten (Ctrl) . wherein it is designed to switch an inverter (WR), in particular a traction inverter, and / or the electric machine (EM) to a safe state and / or to switch them off (Ctrl).
15. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 15. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei es dazu ausgebildet ist, dass wenn von dem Energiespeicher (ES) die elektrische Maschine (EM) angetrieben wird, wherein it is designed such that when the electric machine (EM) is driven by the energy store (ES),
diese (EM) von der elektrischen Maschine (EM) über einen Inverter und/oder über einen oder mehrere der Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (Ul, VI, Wl) der elektrischen Maschine (EM) angetrieben wird. this (EM) from the electric machine (EM) via an inverter and / or via one or more of the motor terminal connections (Ul, VI, Wl) of the electric machine (EM) is driven.
16. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden An- Sprüche, 16. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei die drei Motorklemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) Motor¬ klemmen-Anschlüsse (AI, A2, A3) für je eine innere Motorphase (U2, V2, W2) einer elektrischen Maschine (EM) sind. wherein the three motor terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) are motor ¬ terminal connections (AI, A2, A3) for each an inner motor phase (U2, V2, W2) of an electric machine (EM).
17. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 17. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei es (Ctrl) dazu ausgebildet ist, dass, where (Ctrl) is designed such that
insbesondere wenn die elektrische Maschine (EM) gebremst und/oder zum Stillstand gebracht werden soll und/oder ein einen sicheren Zustand gebracht und/oder kurzgeschlossen werden soll und/oder zur Dreieck-Stern-Umschaltung, in particular when the electric machine (EM) is to be braked and / or brought to a standstill and / or a safe state is to be brought and / or short-circuited and / or for a triangular-star-switching,
drei Motorphasen (U2, V2, W2) der elektrischen Maschine (EM) mit den von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) gesteuerten Schalteinrichtungen (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) mit- einander verbindbar sind, three motor phases (U2, V2, W2) of the electric machine (EM) with the control devices controlled by a control (Ctrl) (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2). are connectable to each other,
insbesondere indem drei innere Motorphasen (U2, V2, W2) der elektrischen Maschine (EM) mit den von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) gesteuerten Schalteinrichtungen (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) miteinander verbindbar sind, und/oder indem drei äußere Motorphasen (Ul, VI, Wl) der elektrischen Maschine (EM) mit von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) gesteuerten Schalteinrichtungen miteinander verbindbar sind. in particular in that three internal motor phases (U2, V2, W2) of the electrical machine (EM) are controlled by the control devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2 ) are connectable to each other, and / or in that three external motor phases (Ul, VI, Wl) of the electrical machine (EM) with a control (Ctrl) controlled switching devices are connected to each other.
18. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 18. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) zum Schalten der elektrischen Maschine (EM, U2, V2 , W2) in einen sicheren und/oder stromlosen Zustand gesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) wherein switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, which are controlled by a controller (Ctrl) for switching the electrical machine (EM, U2, V2, W2) into a safe and / or de-energized state SP1, Sp2)
Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) sind, die auch von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) dazu angesteuert  Switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) are also controlled by a controller (Ctrl)
sind um umzuschalten are to switch
zwischen einem Zustand (Fig. 10) des Ladens eines mit dem Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) verbundenen (Lad, Stk, SW-Box, EM, WR, ES) Energiespeichers (ES) und between a state (FIG. 10) of the charging of a vehicle storage system (FBN) connected (Lad, Stk, SW box, EM, WR, ES) energy storage (ES) and
einem Zustand (Fig. 11) des Antreibens (EM, WR, EM) der elektrischen Maschine (EM) durch den Energiespeicher (ES) . a state (FIG. 11) of the driving (EM, WR, EM) of the electric machine (EM) through the energy store (ES).
19. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 19. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) zum Schalten der elektrischen Maschine (EM, U2, V2 , W2) in einen sicheren und/oder stromlosen Zustand gesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) verwendet werden, wherein switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, which are controlled by a controller (Ctrl) for switching the electrical machine (EM, U2, V2, W2) into a safe and / or de-energized state SP1, Sp2) are used,
ohne Verwendung einer Gleichspannungsverbindungsstrecke zwi¬ schen dem Wechselrichter (WS) und dem Energiespeicher (ES) und/oder ohne DC-link-Spannung (Ul, U2, TP) . without using a DC voltage link Zvi ¬ rule the inverter (WS) and the energy store (ES) and / or without a DC-link voltage (Ul, U2, TP).
20. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 20. Vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) zum Schalten der elektrischen Maschine (EM, U2, V2 , W2) in einen sicheren und/oder stromlosen Zustand wherein by a controller (Ctrl) for switching the electric machine (EM, U2, V2, W2) in a safe and / or de-energized state
gesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) den Sternpunkt öffnen, so dass Überspannungen im Nebenkreis vermieden werden können. controlled switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, SP2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) open the star point, so that Overvoltages in the secondary circuit can be avoided.
21. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 21. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei von einer Steuerung (Ctrl) zum Schalten der elektrischen Maschine (EM, U2, V2 , W2) in einen sicheren und/oder stromlosen Zustand beim Fahren (Kfz) gesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) öffnen. wherein switching means (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, SP2, HL4, HL5) controlled by a controller (Ctrl) for switching the electric machine (EM, U2, V2, W2) to a safe and / or de-energized state during driving (vehicle) , HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2).
22. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 22. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei durch die Schalteinrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) ein ASIL D dargestellt und/oder der Motor Momenten-frei und/oder stromfrei und/oder spannungsfrei wird, insbesondere ohne mechanische Trennkupplung. wherein the switching devices (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, SP2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2) represent an ASIL D and / or the motor becomes torque-free and / or current-free and / or voltage-free, in particular without mechanical disconnect clutch.
23. Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 23. vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims,
mit einer Steuerung (Ctrl), welche die DC-link-Spannung (Ul, U2) und/oder die Spannung der elektrischen Maschine (EM), insbesondere mindestens eine Phase-Phase-Spannung überwacht, und welche bei Überschreiten eines Schwellwerts die Schalt¬ einrichtungen (HLl, HL2, HL3, SPl, Sp2 ; HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SPl, Sp2) öffnet. with a control (Ctrl) which is the DC link voltage (UL, U2) and / or the voltage of the electric machine (EM), in particular at least monitors a phase-phase voltage, and which on exceeding a threshold, the switching ¬ facilities (HL1, HL2, HL3, SP1, Sp2, HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7, SP1, Sp2).
24. Kraftfahrzeug (Fig. 10, Fig. 11) mit einem Fahrzeugbordnetz (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 24. Motor vehicle (Fig. 10, Fig. 11) with a vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims.
25. Verfahren zum Schalten einer elektrischen Maschine (EM) durch Verwendung eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes (FBN) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 25. A method for switching an electric machine (EM) by using a vehicle electrical system (FBN) according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2017/067465 2016-07-18 2017-07-11 On-board vehicle electrical system and method WO2018015225A1 (en)

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