DE102013017419A1 - Charging circuit for on-board-supercharger of vehicle e.g. motor vehicle e.g. passenger car, has short-circuited power supply line connected with lines of external power supply over switch, which provides short circuit of power supply line - Google Patents

Abstract

The circuit (10) has an electrical reluctance machine (13) connected with a battery (14) of a vehicle over a first circuit path (11). The battery is loaded with an external power supply (15) for supplying power to the electric reluctance machine through a second circuit path (12). A switch (17) provides a short circuit of a power supply line of a winding of the reluctance machine when connecting the battery with the external power supply. The short-circuited power supply line is connected with lines (L1, L2, L3) of the external power supply over the switch. The switch is designed as single switch, twin-switch and three-phase switch. The external power supply is designed as a three-phase alternating current (AC) supply, single-phase AC supply and direct current supply.

Description

The invention relates to a charging circuit for an on-board charger of a vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle.

In the field of vehicle technology, chargers are needed to recharge vehicle batteries of electric vehicles from the electrical grid. The charger fulfills various tasks, such as an adjustment of the voltage type and voltage level, a power control and a potential separation.

To adapt the voltage and / or voltage level, the AC or three-phase voltage of the external power supply network or power grid is converted into a DC voltage. There is a rectification with a rectifier instead. However, a simple uncontrolled rectifier is unsuitable for a charger. Chargers with power regulation are therefore used.

The question of the positioning of the charger in the vehicle or in a charging station influences the interface between the vehicle and the charging station. Charging requires battery management with monitoring of the battery for cell voltage, cell balance, and temperature. Since these parameters are very battery-specific, charging control can not usually be disconnected from the battery. When arranging the charger in the vehicle, the charging control can be integrated into the charger. Such a solution is known by the term "on-board loader" or short "on-board loader".

A conventional board loader is for example from the document US 201 0/01 64428 A1 which has a DC / DC converter to cooperate with a starter / generator machine, which is designed as a squirrel cage induction machine. In the publication US 2012/0176084 A1 describes an on-board charger in the context of a reluctance motor, which converts DC voltage from a DC voltage source with one or more phases via semiconductors forming an H-bridge.

At present, multiple uses of an on-board charger for controlling an electric machine are desired. However, these have hitherto only been applicable to electric synchronous or asynchronous machines. To date, these applications can not be transferred to the control of reluctance machines.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a charging circuit for multiple uses of an on-board charger for controlling a reluctance machine.

This object is achieved with a charging circuit for an on-board charger of a vehicle. The charging circuit has a first circuit path, a second circuit path and a changeover switch, wherein an electrical reluctance machine can be connected to a battery of the vehicle via the first circuit path and the battery can be charged via the second circuit path to supply the reluctance electrical machine to an external power supply. Further, the switch is disposed between the first circuit path and the second circuit path, and configured to selectively connect the battery to the electrical reluctance machine or to the external power supply. It is provided that the switch when connecting the battery to the external power supply provides a short circuit of supply lines of a winding of the reluctance machine and the short-circuited supply lines are connected via the switch with a line of the external power supply.

The object of the invention is further achieved with a vehicle having the charging circuit according to the invention. The vehicle may be an electric vehicle or designed as a hybrid vehicle with electric drive. The type of vehicle is arbitrary. The motor vehicle may be, for example, a passenger car, a truck or a motorcycle.

In the following, the principle of the invention and optional features will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Show

1 a first embodiment of a charging circuit according to the invention; and

2 A second embodiment of a charging circuit according to the invention.

In the following, two embodiments of a charging circuit according to the invention in the 1 and 2 shown, wherein the charging circuit has a first circuit path 11 , a second circuit path 12 and a switch 17 having. Here is the first circuit path 11 an electrical reluctance machine 13 with a battery 14 of the vehicle via supply lines 26 connectable, via the second circuit path 12 the battery 14 for supplying the electrical reluctance machine 13 at an external power supply 15 is loadable. The switch 17 is here between the first circuit path 11 and the second circuit path 12 arranged and formed such that the battery 14 optionally with the electrical reluctance machine 13 or with the external power supply 15 is connectable. When connecting the battery 14 with the external energy supply 15 puts the switch 17 a short circuit from the two supply lines 26 a winding 27 the reluctance machine 13 and the shorted supply lines via the switch 17 with a line L1, L2, L3 of the external power supply 15 are connected. The switch 17 has the function, a winding 27 the reluctance machine 13 disconnect and the supply lines 26 this winding 27 short-circuiting and these shorted supply lines 26 with one of the lines L1, L2, L3 of the external power supply 15 connect to.

In 1 is the switcher 17 designed as a double-throw switch and detailed in the lower right part of 1 shown. In 1 only the switching of a phase is shown. With a double-throw switch it is provided that the change-over switch 17 both supply lines 27 from the winding 27 the reluctance machine 13 separates or separates. At the same time the switch connects 17 the supply lines with each other and this in turn with the line of the external power supply 15 , The double-throw switch has two internal two-position switches per phase, which can be switched synchronously.

In 2 is the switcher 17 designed as a single switch and detailed in the lower right part of the 2 shown. In 2 only the switching of a phase is shown. In a single-throw switch is provided that the switch 17 one of the supply lines from the winding 27 the reluctance machine 13 disconnects and disconnects another supply line. The disconnected supply line is from the switch 17 with the non-disconnected supply line and at the same time with the line of the external power supply 15 connected. The single-throw switch has an internal two-position switch per phase to make the connections described.

Overall show 1 and 2 Embodiments of charging circuits according to the invention 10 for an on-board loader of a vehicle. About the first circuit path 11 is the reluctance machine 13 with charging current from the battery 14 the vehicle can be supplied. About the second supply path 12 can the battery 14 to supply the electrical machine 13 on an external power supply 15 getting charged. The external energy supply 15 Here is a public power grid of a power company, which is equipped with phases L1, L2 and L3 and a ground potential N three-phase. A dividing line 16 indicates the interface between the public grid and the charging circuit 10 in the vehicle.

The charging circuit 10 also has the switch 17 on, which is a node between the first circuit path 11 and the second circuit path 12 represents. Overall, the charging circuit 10 T-shaped so that the first circuit path 11 along with the voltage path towards the battery 14 as a part of the T-shape and the second circuit path 12 as the second part of the T-shape form a total T. The second circuit path 12 is thus a branch from the first circuit path 11 , where the switch 17 at a node between the first circuit path 11 and the second circuit path 12 is arranged.

In a circuit path between the switch 17 and the battery 14 is also another switch 18 arranged, which is an inverter 19 having galvanic isolation. Furthermore, the inverter 19 with a DC bypass 20 be equipped, which is optional. The other switch 18 also has an inverter 21 or PFC (power factor correction), which is designed three-phase and with the inverter 19 connected is.

In the 1 and 2 is between the inverter 19 and the battery 14 with a battery connection 25 an output filter 22 of the inverter 19 arranged. With these components can be removed from the battery 14 , which provides a DC voltage, a three-phase current at the electric machine 13 by changing direction with the inverter 19 to be provided. In this case, the switch connects 17 the battery 14 over the first circuit path 11 with the electric machine 13 , which is here a reluctance machine of an electric vehicle and can be operated in engine operation as well as in generator mode.

In the second circuit path 12 or in the voltage path between the switch 17 and the other switch 18 is a line filter 23 arranged. The net filter 23 is a power input filter because it has the function of receiving power and voltage from the external power supply 15 , to filter, so that, for example, no voltage peaks in the charging electronics of the vehicle. The net filter 23 is three-phase designed to be able to provide a filter function in all three phases L1, L2, L3.

Furthermore, behind the net filter 23 , seen from the feed towards the battery 14 Per Phase L1, L2, L3 one coil each 24 be arranged. Is the network filter 23 in the second voltage path 12 installed, so can this net filter 23 at the exit of the coils 24 be switched. The spools 24 complete the line filter 23 and additionally improve the filter effect. Overall, the line filter 23 along with the coils 24 be formed as a unit, ie as a component with a common input terminal and output terminal. The net filter 23 can be designed as a low-pass filter with 1st order, 2nd order or higher order. The filter effect of the mains filter 23 can be assembled according to the requirements as a combination of known filter types.

Overall, an efficiency-optimized use of subcomponents of an on-board loader for controlling a reluctance machine is achieved. By adjusting the switch 17 is the inverter suitable for reluctance machines, ie for reluctance motors and reluctance generators 21 depending on the working position of the switch 17 with the power supply side or the reluctance machine 13 be coupled. The switch 17 when connecting the battery 14 with the external energy supply 15 a short circuit of supply lines 26 a winding 27 the reluctance machine 13 ready. The shorted supply lines 26 are via the switch 17 with a line of external power supply 15 connected.

The charging circuit according to the invention 10 for an on-board loader and its embodiments can be used in numerous applications.

The switch 17 For example, it can be connected to a DC charging station with a DC charging voltage, ie a DC voltage as a charging voltage, as an external power supply 15 be connected. In this case, the DC voltage must not be galvanically isolated, as a galvanic isolation can occur in the vehicle. Furthermore, the DC voltage need not be commandable, a DC link voltage adjustment takes place in the inverter 19 , which also functions as a "galvanic isolation" function block of the charging circuit 10 can be designated.

Furthermore, the switch 17 to a charging socket as an external power supply 15 be connected, which is de-energized. In this case, an inverter operation can be made possible in which the reluctance machine 13 can be used as a drive or generator.

For a two-phase motor 13 and a matching two-phase inverter 21 is a single-phase charging possible. To be able to provide a three-phase charging option, the inverter can 21 as designed for an application with a three-phase motor.

In an n-phase motor with n greater than 3 as a reluctance machine 13 can the switch 17 , as in 1 represented the three phases of the infrastructure or of the public supply network as an external energy supply 15 on three of the n phases of the inverter 21 or the PFC switch.

Furthermore, with the charging circuit according to the invention is an AC charging operation, d. H. a charging operation with alternating current (AC), possible, which provides a three-phase galvanic isolation.

The inventive solution and its embodiments, numerous advantages, which are explained in more detail below.

The principles presented here are reluctance machines 13 , in particular on reluctance motors and on reluctance generators, applicable. Through the bypass 20 for bridging the galvanic isolation in the inverter 19 becomes the efficiency in controlling an electric machine 13 elevated. By selecting the installation location of the line filter 23 of the on-board charger or on-board charger, the efficiency can be improved within the electric motor or generator. Furthermore, the EMC performance in the vehicle is improved by the line filters of the on-board charger or on-board charger.

Due to the multiple use of the on-board charger or on-board charger, an inverter for an electric motor can be omitted.

The DC / AC / DC converter of the galvanic isolation, that is the series circuit of inverter 21 and inverters 19 , allows for DC charging of the vehicle battery 14 , ie when charging with DC voltage (DC = direct current), an adjustment of the charging voltage to the vehicle DC link voltage. Thus, a control of the charging voltage at a DC charging station, such as an external supply network as an external power supply 15 , omitted.

Through the DC / AC / DC converter 21 . 19 The DC link voltage can be adapted to the battery voltage for galvanic isolation. Thus, a variation of the battery 14 possible. This eliminates the need for an HV DC / DC converter.

Due to the galvanic isolation with the inverter 19 The multiple use of the on-board charger continues to provide the HV safety of a conventional electrically driven vehicle and thus increased safety.

Through the bypass 20 for bridging the galvanic isolation in the inverter 19 can change the performance of the inverter 21 on the performance of the galvanic isolation or the inverter 19 vary: This means the weakest component, such as the inverter 21 and the galvanic isolation 19 , determines the maximum AC charging power. Furthermore, the galvanic isolation determines 19 the DC charging power, if a galvanically isolated charging at DC is desired.

The inverter 21 determines the control performance of the electric machine 13 , This means when no bidirectionality is required for the charging operation and the electric machine 13 operated only as a generator, this function can be omitted in the partial area of a galvanic isolation.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

charging circuit

11

first circuit path

12

second circuit path

13

reluctance

14

battery

15

external energy supply

16

parting line

17

switch

18

second switch

19

inverter

20

DC bypass

21

inverter

22

Output filter

23

Line filter

24

Kitchen sink

25

battery terminal

26

supply line

27

winding

L1

phase

L2

phase

L3

phase

N

Reference potential, z. B. ground potential

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2010/0164428 A1 [0005]
• US 2012/0176084 A1 [0005]

Claims (8)

Charging circuit ( 10 ) for an on-board loader of a vehicle, having a first circuit path ( 11 ), a second circuit path ( 12 ) and a switch ( 17 ), whereby via the first circuit path ( 11 ) an electrical reluctance machine ( 13 ) with a battery ( 14 ) of the vehicle is connectable, wherein via the second circuit path ( 12 ) the battery ( 14 ) for supplying the electrical reluctance machine ( 13 ) to an external power supply ( 15 ) is loadable, wherein the switch ( 17 ) between the first circuit path ( 11 ) and the second circuit path ( 12 ) is arranged and is formed, the battery ( 14 ) optionally with the electrical reluctance machine ( 13 ) or with the external energy supply ( 15 ), characterized in that the switch ( 17 ) when connecting the battery ( 14 ) with the external power supply ( 15 ) a short circuit of supply lines of a winding of the reluctance machine ( 13 ) and the short-circuited supply lines via the switch ( 17 ) with a line (L1, L2, L3) of the external power supply ( 15 ) are connected. Charging circuit according to claim 1, wherein the switch ( 17 ) is designed as a single-throw switch. Charging circuit according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the switch ( 17 ) is designed as a double-throw switch. Charging circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the switch ( 17 ) formed three-phase. Charging circuit according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the external power supply ( 15 ) is a three-phase AC power supply. Charging circuit according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the external power supply ( 15 ) is a single-phase AC power supply. Charging circuit according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the external power supply ( 15 ) is a DC power supply. Vehicle having a charging circuit ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

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