WO2018014898A1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en 3d au moyen d'un " gâteau " de poudre stabilisé - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en 3d au moyen d'un " gâteau " de poudre stabilisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018014898A1
WO2018014898A1 PCT/DE2017/000214 DE2017000214W WO2018014898A1 WO 2018014898 A1 WO2018014898 A1 WO 2018014898A1 DE 2017000214 W DE2017000214 W DE 2017000214W WO 2018014898 A1 WO2018014898 A1 WO 2018014898A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder cake
negative pressure
film
powder
producing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2017/000214
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel GÜNTHER
Tobias REINOLD
Original Assignee
Voxeljet Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voxeljet Ag filed Critical Voxeljet Ag
Publication of WO2018014898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014898A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/005—Loading or unloading powder metal objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B22F3/1258—Container manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method suitable for use in 3D printing processes.
  • European Patent EP 0 431 924 B1 describes a method for producing three-dimensional objects from computer data.
  • a particulate material is applied in a thin layer on a platform and this selectively printed by means of a print head with a binder material.
  • the particle area printed with the binder sticks and solidifies under the influence of the binder and optionally an additional hardener.
  • the platform is lowered by one layer thickness into a structural cylinder and provided with a new layer of particulate material, which is also printed as described above. These steps are repeated until a certain desired height of the object is reached.
  • the printed and solidified areas create a three-dimensional object.
  • This object made of solidified particulate material is embedded after its completion in loose Parti kelmaterial and is then freed from it. This is done for example by means of a nipple. The desired objects then remain, which are then removed from the residual powder, e.g. be freed by brushing.
  • the powder cake has only a low strength and can easily break. Not only is there a time delay in the further manufacturing process, but the 3D printing machine can also be dirty or damaged. Furthermore, the 3D molded parts produced can fall out of the powder cake and thereby be damaged.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing 3D molded parts, wherein particulate building material is applied in a defined layer by means of coaters on a construction field, selectively one or more liquids of a binder are applied and so selectively solidify the layers, wherein Repeated steps are repeated until the or the 3D moldings are prepared and the powder cake is stabilized according to the invention to drive out the powder cake from the 3D printer and then free the manufactured 3D moldings of the unconsolidated Parti kelmaterial.
  • the invention relates to a device suitable for 3D printing or for use in known 3D printing machines.
  • Figures la and lb show an exemplary 3D printer (SD printing machine) of the prior art.
  • the coater (101) deposits the powder material in thin layers, thereby preparing the powder cake (104) on the build platform (103).
  • the coater movement (108) is shown by arrow.
  • the printhead (100) selectively deposits binders in the direction of the arrow (102), resulting in 3D molded parts in the area of the printed surface (107). In this case, a wall (105) is printed, which stabilizes the powder cake (104).
  • FIG. 1c describes a breakage or uncontrolled breaking up of the powder cake (104) at a corner.
  • the uncontrolled expiring powder (112) and the broken wall (110) and break (111) are shown.
  • Fig. 2a and 2b illustrate the application of negative pressure to the powder cake and the processes within the powder cake.
  • Vacuum results in an air flow through the powder cake (104) in the arrow direction (203), where PO / 200 represents the ambient pressure, PU the applied underpressure and PM / 202 the negative pressure between the particles (205).
  • Figure 2b illustrates the particles (205) in the powder cake when vacuum (201) has been applied or applied.
  • FIG. 4a shows the vacuum connection (301) with filter (300) in one embodiment of the invention with film application (401), wherein the force effect (400) in the direction of the powder cake is shown.
  • FIG. 4b is a side view of FIG. 4a showing the powder cake (104) with overlying film (401) and vacuum port (301) and the transitions between film (401) and build platform (103) leading to a substantially dense one Close the powder cake (104) leads.
  • 3D molded parts or “component” within the meaning of the invention are all three-dimensional objects produced by the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, which have a dimensional stability.
  • Construction space is the locus where the bed of particulate material grows during the construction process by repeated coating with particulate material or through which the bed passes through continuous principles, generally the space through a floor, the building platform, through walls and an open deck, the building level, limited.
  • particulate materials or “particulates” or “particulate building materials” or “building materials”
  • all materials known for powder-based 3D printing can be used, in particular polymers, ceramics and metals.
  • the particulate material is preferably a dry free-flowing powder, but a cohesive cut-resistant powder or a particle-laden liquid may also be used.
  • particulate material and powder are used synonymously.
  • the "Particle Material Application” is the process of producing a defined layer of powder, either on the build platform or on an inclined plane relative to a conveyor belt with continuous principles " called.
  • any known 3D printing apparatus may be used which includes the required components.
  • Conventional components include coaters, construction field, means for moving the construction field or other components in continuous processes, metering devices and heat and radiation means, and Other components known in the art, which are therefore not detailed here.
  • the building material is always applied in a "defined layer” or “layer thickness”, which is adjusted individually depending on the building material and process conditions. It is for example 0.05 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0, 1 to 0.3 mm.
  • Powder cake in the sense of the invention is the three-dimensional form produced by means of a coater, in which the 3D molded parts are or are selectively solidified and which includes the entirety of selectively solidified and powder volume.
  • Vacuum means in the sense of the invention are means which contribute or are associated with the application of the negative pressure including all necessary piping, motors, seals, and other parts which are intended to generate a negative pressure Devices are used.
  • the invention relates in one aspect to an apparatus for producing 3D molded parts by means of 3D printing methods, characterized in that the device comprises one or more negative pressure means which are in contact with the 3D printed powder cake, preferably on at least one wall or in Be brought in contact.
  • the device comprises one or more negative pressure means which are in contact with the 3D printed powder cake, preferably on at least one wall or in Be brought in contact.
  • multiple walls e.g. be arranged on two, three or four walls of the building platform vacuum means.
  • the one or more vacuum means at the bottom, i. on the building platform be arranged.
  • the vacuum means are designed so that they suck in air from the powder cake and thus generate a negative pressure in the powder cake.
  • a suction nozzle used or other suitable means.
  • a mesh, grid or a type of membrane can be used, so that substantially prevents powder material is sucked with.
  • the solution according to the invention can advantageously achieve increased stability in the powder cake, so that it is stabilized and can be driven out of the 3D printing machine and remains essentially stable and essentially free of falling apart, e.g. can be moved in an assembly hall.
  • the negative pressure is applied briefly or the negative pressure is applied for 1 to 20 minutes, preferably 5 to 10 minutes, more preferably 5 minutes.
  • the invention can also be carried out so that the negative pressure in the process and is applied uninterrupted or at intervals with intervening pauses until unpacking.
  • the negative pressure at least partially ensures a temporary solidification in the powder cake and thus helps stabilize the powder cake.
  • a film (401) or more films is applied over the powder cake so that the powder cake is substantially covered at the sides or / and at its top. It may in alternative embodiments e.g. to achieve a partial solidification of the powder cake by a partial covering with a film or equivalent means and thus to realize the inventive idea.
  • the film or films will substantially completely cover the powder cake, more preferably cover five surfaces.
  • the device when the building platform (103) and the film (401) terminate substantially airtight upon application of a negative pressure, preferably the device means for substantially airtight sealing between the building platform (103) and the film (401).
  • This embodiment may be advantageous in particular for large powder cake volumes and help to further increase the stability in the powder cake.
  • the film or other comparable and suitable means can be made of any material that is substantially airtight or at least slows down the air flow when the negative pressure is applied so that an at least partial negative pressure in the powder cake is formed and thus leads to stabilization in the powder cake.
  • the film (401) consists of or contains polypropylene, polyethylene, carbon, polyurethane, Teflon, waxed fabric, rubber, silicone, metal foil.
  • the vacuum means comprises a filter (300) and / or a vacuum connection (301) and / or an airtight closure means.
  • the vacuum to be applied or the vacuum to be built up in the powder cake or partially in the powder cake can be varied depending on the size of the powder cake. It can be less than 0.01 bar to 0.1 bar. Preferably, a negative pressure (PU / 201) of ⁇ - 0.1 bar is applied.
  • the invention relates to a 3D printing method for producing 3D molded parts, in which the invention is used.
  • the invention is a method for producing SD molded parts by means of 3D printing methods, characterized in that after the build-up process and / or before unpacking and / or before the process of the powder cake, a negative pressure is applied or a film (401 ) is applied over the powder cake (104) and a vacuum is applied.
  • the invention is a method for producing 3D molded parts by means of 3D printing method, characterized in that the powder cake is contacted after the building process and / or before unpacking and / or before the process with a vacuum means.
  • the negative pressure is adjusted so that a sufficient stabilization of the powder cake can be achieved.
  • the applied negative pressure PU / 201 is in the range of less than -0.01 to -0.1 bar, preferably less than -0.1 bar.
  • the airtight sealing means is closed or the negative pressure source is connected and remains switched on.
  • the powder cake (104) can then be removed from the device and preferably subsequently unpacked.
  • the invention is the use of a film and / or an underpressure agent to stabilize a powder cake in a 3-D printing process.
  • the device according to the invention can also be retrofitted into existing SD printing machines and these can be improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de fabrication de pièces en 3D par la technique d'impression par couches, le « gâteau » de poudre étant stabilisé.
PCT/DE2017/000214 2016-07-20 2017-07-19 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en 3d au moyen d'un " gâteau " de poudre stabilisé WO2018014898A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016008656.4 2016-07-20
DE102016008656.4A DE102016008656B4 (de) 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von 3D-Formteilen sowie Verwendung einer Folie und eines Unterdruckmittels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018014898A1 true WO2018014898A1 (fr) 2018-01-25

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PCT/DE2017/000214 WO2018014898A1 (fr) 2016-07-20 2017-07-19 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en 3d au moyen d'un " gâteau " de poudre stabilisé

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102016008656B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018014898A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11931806B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2024-03-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Powder based 3D printing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111011427A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-04-17 安徽省春谷3D打印智能装备产业技术研究院有限公司 一种带有消毒和降温功能的3d蛋糕打印机

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0431924B1 (fr) 1989-12-08 1996-01-31 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Techniques d'impression tri-dimensionnelle
US20020090410A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-07-11 Shigeaki Tochimoto Powder material removing apparatus and three dimensional modeling system
US20040084814A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Boyd Melissa D. Powder removal system for three-dimensional object fabricator
DE102013215748A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Absaugen von Pulver und sonstigem Material von einer Pulverplattform beziehungsweise aus einem Pulverbett auf einer Pulverplattform
US20150096266A1 (en) * 2013-10-07 2015-04-09 David A. Divine 3-D Printed Packaging
WO2015130638A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-03 Sonoco Development, Inc. Procédé de fabrication de panneaux d'isolation sous vide
US20150246485A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-09-03 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie, Method for stabilizing a powder bed by means of vacuum for additive manufacturing
US20150283614A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-10-08 General Electric Company Method for manufacturing objects using powder products
WO2015170330A1 (fr) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 Stratasys Ltd. Procédé et appareil pour l'impression 3d par frittage sélectif

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6989115B2 (en) 1996-12-20 2006-01-24 Z Corporation Method and apparatus for prototyping a three-dimensional object
DE102013021091A1 (de) 2013-12-18 2015-06-18 Voxeljet Ag 3D-Druckverfahren mit Schnelltrockenschritt

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0431924B1 (fr) 1989-12-08 1996-01-31 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Techniques d'impression tri-dimensionnelle
US20020090410A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-07-11 Shigeaki Tochimoto Powder material removing apparatus and three dimensional modeling system
US20040084814A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Boyd Melissa D. Powder removal system for three-dimensional object fabricator
US20150246485A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-09-03 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie, Method for stabilizing a powder bed by means of vacuum for additive manufacturing
DE102013215748A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Absaugen von Pulver und sonstigem Material von einer Pulverplattform beziehungsweise aus einem Pulverbett auf einer Pulverplattform
US20150096266A1 (en) * 2013-10-07 2015-04-09 David A. Divine 3-D Printed Packaging
US20150283614A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-10-08 General Electric Company Method for manufacturing objects using powder products
WO2015130638A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-03 Sonoco Development, Inc. Procédé de fabrication de panneaux d'isolation sous vide
WO2015170330A1 (fr) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 Stratasys Ltd. Procédé et appareil pour l'impression 3d par frittage sélectif

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11931806B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2024-03-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Powder based 3D printing

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Publication number Publication date
DE102016008656A1 (de) 2018-01-25
DE102016008656B4 (de) 2023-03-30

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