WO2018014754A1 - 厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺 - Google Patents

厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺 Download PDF

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WO2018014754A1
WO2018014754A1 PCT/CN2017/092431 CN2017092431W WO2018014754A1 WO 2018014754 A1 WO2018014754 A1 WO 2018014754A1 CN 2017092431 W CN2017092431 W CN 2017092431W WO 2018014754 A1 WO2018014754 A1 WO 2018014754A1
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fermentation
kitchen waste
blast
pile
conditioning agent
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French (fr)
Inventor
欧阳春平
张佳源
王超军
杨彪
曾祥斌
蔡彤旻
黄险波
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of organic solid waste cleaning treatment, in particular to a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste.
  • Kitchen waste is a substance with high fat content, and contains too much protein, cellulose, etc., and is easy to smell. It is strictly controlled waste, and its treatment is difficult to solve due to problems such as odor, waste water and the like. The disposal of the waste is generally carried out by landfill and other operations, and has relative defects. Therefore, it can effectively solve the kitchen waste.
  • the use of kitchen waste compost is the best treatment method and is very environmentally friendly.
  • the traditional kitchen waste composting methods mainly include three types: trough composting, strip composting and reactor composting: trough composting method uses fermenting tank to carry composting materials, and the fermentation process is generally completed in the workshop, and the fermentation speed is slow and easy. Causes local anaerobic and produces a lot of odor.
  • the strip type composting method directly stacks the material into a triangular section or a trapezoidal section strip, which is generally stacked in the open air, but the floor space is large, and the odor in the composting process cannot be effectively controlled, which is easy to cause air pollution, and the environmental climate is especially It is the precipitation process that has a great influence on the effect of strip type composting.
  • the reactor composting the fermentation process is generally completed in the workshop, requiring a closed plant and high investment costs.
  • the present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste, which improves the fermentation time and reduces the generation of odor, and the high-efficiency aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste is reduced.
  • the high-quality aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste has high compost quality.
  • a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the thickness of the conditioning agent is 4 cm to 40 cm.
  • the goal is to form a layer of loose layer at the bottom of the compost tank to allow air to diffuse from the bottom to every corner of the pile.
  • the thickness of the conditioning agent is too small, it does not have sufficient supporting effect, and there is local oxygen deficiency between the kitchen organic matter, resulting in too long fermentation time; and when the thickness of the conditioning agent is too large, the processing amount of the kitchen organic matter is reduced.
  • the input cost is too high.
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm to 20 cm.
  • the conditioning agent has a low moisture content, a low density, and is easily degraded. When mixed with the kitchen organic matter, the conditioning agent can support and form a void, so that oxygen can diffuse to every corner of the stack.
  • the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioning agent is 1:10-10:1, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is 10:1-40:1.
  • the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioning agent the bulk density can be adjusted. Under the same water condition, the smaller the bulk density, the faster the temperature rise during the composting process, so that in the compost, the improvement of the air permeability can be determined by referring to the bulk density. effect.
  • the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the mixture is too high, the source of nitrogen required for microbial growth and reproduction is limited, the microbial growth rate is low, the decomposition rate of organic matter is slow, the fermentation time is long, the organic material loss is large, the humification coefficient is low, and the composting is also caused.
  • the product has a high carbon to nitrogen ratio, and it is easy to cause soil nitrogen deficiency after being applied to the soil, thereby affecting crop growth and development.
  • the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the mixture is too low.
  • the energy source required for the growth and reproduction of the microorganism is limited, the fermentation temperature rises slowly, the nitrogen is excessively released and released in the form of ammonia gas, the organic nitrogen loss is large, and an unpleasant smell is emitted.
  • Reasonable adjustment of the carbon to nitrogen ratio in compost raw materials is an effective way to accelerate compost maturity and increase the humification coefficient.
  • the height of the pile of the built-up pile is 1.3-3.5 meters, the purpose is to achieve a certain treatment scale and obtain a better fermentation effect.
  • the pile height of the pile is less than 1.3 meters, the processing amount of the mixture of kitchen waste organic matter is reduced, and the heat dissipation of the pile body is fast, and sufficient fermentation temperature cannot be reached;
  • the pile height of the pile is more than 3.5 meters, the material is piled up. High causes the lower material to be dense, which is not conducive to internal air circulation, and the aerobic fermentation effect is poor.
  • the water content of the pile of the built-up pile is 40% by weight to 70% by weight. Excessive moisture reduces the porosity of the heap, affects air diffusion, and easily causes anaerobic conditions; moisture is less than 40%, microbial activity is reduced, and composting temperature is reduced.
  • the odor-reducing vapor permeable membrane is a functional membrane having special micropores, which has a semi-permeable function, can realize a relatively constant climatic environment, and can diffuse water vapor and carbon dioxide from the fermentation body. Go out and block the passage of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Covering the odor-reducing and vapor permeable membrane can create a stable and suitable environment for the microorganisms, and the microorganisms can be rapidly grown, and the fermentation time can be greatly shortened; the odor-reducing and vapor permeable membrane adopts Gore ( ) Enclosure system.
  • the fermentation temperature of the batch blast primary fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C
  • the blast volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 / min
  • the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds -3 Minutes and breaks are 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the fermentation temperature of the intermittent blast secondary fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, the blast volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 / min; the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds - 3 minutes and the break time is 10 minutes - 30 minutes.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the high-efficiency aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste garbage of the invention adopts the pile-up in the composting tank, reduces the diffusion of the odor during the transportation of the kitchen waste, and adopts intermittent blasting, which can reduce the turning and ensure the good in the pile body. Oxygen fermentation reduces the production of odor.
  • the high-efficiency aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste garbage of the invention can cover the odor-reducing and vapor-permeable membrane, and can create a stable and suitable environment for the microorganisms, and the microorganisms can be rapidly grown, and the fermentation time can be greatly shortened.
  • the high-quality aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste of the invention has high compost quality.
  • the high-efficiency aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste of the invention has a small footprint and low investment cost.
  • a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 10 cm;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 10 cm; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioning agent is 1:1, the mixture The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the material is 25:1;
  • a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 5 cm;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 5 cm; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioning agent is 1:5, the mixture The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the material is 15:1;
  • a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioning agent is 1:10. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 40:1;
  • a high-efficiency aerobic composting process for kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 20 cm;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 40 cm; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioning agent is 10:1, the mixture The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the material is 10:1;
  • step 7) then transferring the fermentation residue to another tank of the composting tank, the water content of the pile which is built into the pile is 70 wt%, repeating step 4) and step 5), starting the intermittent blast secondary fermentation;
  • the fermentation temperature of the secondary fermentation of wind is 55 ° C, the air volume is 33 m 3 /min; the blast time is 30 seconds in one blast cycle and the stop time is 10 minutes; the intermittent blast is fermented after 14 days of secondary fermentation. Composting; the quality of the compost obtained is high.
  • step 6) and step 7) were reversed, and in the same manner as in Example 1, the composting time was 44 days, the entire fermentation process time was extended by 9 days, and the obtained compost quality was obtained.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺：1)开启鼓风设备；2)在堆肥槽内铺设调理剂；3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层调理剂，然后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；5)将物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵20天-30天后，得到发酵残余物；7)将发酵残余物转移至另一条槽，重复步骤4)和5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵7天-14天即得。所述工艺减少了厨余垃圾运输过程中的臭气的扩散，同时采用间歇鼓风，能够减少翻堆和保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少臭气的产生，得到的堆肥品质高。

Description

一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及有机固体废弃物清洁处理领域，特别涉及一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺。
背景技术
厨余垃圾属于油脂较高的物质，并含有过多的蛋白质、纤维素等且易发臭，属于严控废物，它的处理因易发臭、废水等问题不易解决而显得困难重重，目前厨余垃圾的处理一般采取填埋等操作，具有相对的缺陷性，因此，能有效解决厨余垃圾，使用厨余垃圾堆肥是一种最好的处理方法，非常环保。
目前，传统的厨余垃圾堆肥方法主要有槽式堆肥、条垛式堆肥和反应器堆肥三类：槽式堆肥方法采用发酵槽承载堆肥物料，发酵过程一般在车间内完成，发酵速度慢，易造成局部厌氧，产生的臭气多。条垛式堆肥方法直接将物料堆码成三角形断面或梯形断面条垛，一般露天堆置，但占地面积大，且堆肥过程中臭气无法得到有效控制，易造成空气污染，且环境气候尤其是降水过程对条垛式堆肥效果影响较大。而反应器堆肥，发酵过程一般在车间内完成，需要封闭的厂房，投资成本高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点和不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，该厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺缩短了发酵时间，且能减少臭气的产生，且该厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺得到的堆肥品质高。
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现本发明的目的：
一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂；
3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层调理剂，然 后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；
4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；
5)将堆成条堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵20天-30天后，得到发酵残余物；
7)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，重复步骤4)和步骤5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵，间歇鼓风二次发酵7天-14天即得腐熟的堆肥。
其中，步骤2)和步骤3)中，所述调理剂的厚度为4cm-40cm。目的是在堆肥槽底部形成一层疏松层，便于空气从底部扩散到堆体的每个角落。当调理剂的厚度过小，起不到足够的支撑作用，厨余有机物之间存在局部氧气不足，导致发酵时间过长；而当调理剂的厚度过大，会使得厨余有机物的处理量减少，投入成本过高。其中，所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm-20cm得到的。所述调理剂的水分含量低，密度小，易降解，在与厨余有机物混合时该调理剂能够起到支撑作用并形成空隙，使氧气能够扩散到堆体的每个角落。
其中，步骤3)中，所述厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比为1:10-10:1，混合物料的碳氮比为10:1-40:1。通过调整厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比可以用来调节容重，相同的水分条件下，容重越小，堆肥化过程中的温度上升越快，从而在堆肥中，可以参考容重判定通气性的改善效果。混合物料的碳氮比过高，微生物生长繁殖所需的氮素来源受到限制，微生物繁殖速度低，有机物分解速度慢，发酵时间长；有机原料损失大，腐殖质化系数低；并且还会导致堆肥产品碳氮比高，施入土壤后易造成土壤缺氮，从而影响作物生长发育。混合物料的碳氮比过低微生物生长繁殖所需的能量来源受到限制，发酵温度上升缓慢，氮过量并以氨气的形式释放，有机氮损失大，还会散发难闻的气味。合理调节堆肥原料中的碳氮比，是加速堆肥腐熟，提高腐殖化系数的有效途径。
其中，步骤4)中，所述建成条堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米，目的是达到一定的处理规模并获得较好的发酵效果。当建堆的堆体高度低于1.3米，厨余有机物等混合物料的处理量减少，且堆体散热快，无法达到足够的发酵温度；当建堆的堆体高度超过3.5米，物料堆积过高导致下部物料密实，不利于内部空气流通，好氧发酵效果差。
其中，步骤4)和步骤7)中，所述建成条堆的堆体的含水量为40wt％-70wt％。水分过多，降低了堆体内孔隙率，影响空气扩散，易造成厌氧状态；水分低于40％，微生物活性降低，堆肥温度随之下降。
其中，步骤5)中，所述抑臭透汽膜是一种具有特制微孔的功能膜，具有半渗透功能，能够实现一个较恒定的气候环境，能使水蒸气和二氧化碳从发酵体中扩散出去，阻断硫化氢、氨气等有害气体的通过。铺盖该抑臭透汽膜，能够给微生物制造一个稳定适宜生长的环境，微生物得到快速增长，能够大大缩短发酵时间；所述的抑臭透汽膜采用戈尔(
Figure PCTCN2017092431-appb-000001
)封罩系统。
其中，步骤6)中，所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。采用上述间歇式通风，能够减少翻堆且保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少臭气产生。
其中，步骤7)中，所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。采用上述间歇式通风，能够减少翻堆且保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少臭气产生。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
1)本发明的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺采用在堆肥槽内建堆，减少了厨余垃圾运输过程中的臭气的扩散，同时采用间歇鼓风，能够减少翻堆和保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少了臭气的产生。
2)本发明的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺铺盖抑臭透汽膜，能够给微生物制造一个稳定适宜生长的环境，微生物得到快速增长，能够大大缩短发酵时间。
3)本发明的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺得到的堆肥品质高。
4)本发明的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺占地面积小，投资成本低。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明，以下实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受下述实施例的限制。
表1 堆肥品质的评价方法及各性能指标的测试方法
Figure PCTCN2017092431-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017092431-appb-000003
实施例1
一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为10cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至10cm得到的；
3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层厚度为10cm的调理剂，然后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至10cm得到的；所述厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比为1:1，混合物料的碳氮比为25:1；
4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；所述堆成条堆的堆体高度为3.0米；调节堆成条堆的堆体的含水量为55wt％；
5)将堆成条堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵25天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为65℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为2分钟以及停歇时间为20分钟；
7)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，建成条堆的堆体的含水量为55wt％，重复步骤4)和步骤5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为65℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为2分钟以及停歇时间为20分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵10天即得腐熟的堆肥；得到的堆肥品质高。
实施例2
一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为35cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至5cm得到的；
3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层厚度为35cm的调理剂，然后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至5cm得到的；所述厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比为1:5，混合物料的碳氮比为15:1；
4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；所述堆成条堆的堆体高度为2.5米；堆成条堆的堆体的含水量为50wt％；
5)将堆成条堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵20天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为70℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为1分钟以及停歇时间为15分钟；
7)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，建成条堆的堆体的含水量为50wt％，重复步骤4)和步骤5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为70℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为1分钟以及停歇时间为15分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵7天即得腐熟的堆肥；得到的堆肥品质高。
实施例3
一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为4cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm得到的；
3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层厚度为4cm的调理剂，然后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm得到的；所述厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比为1:10，混合物料的碳氮比为40:1；
4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；所述堆成条堆的堆体高度为1.3米；堆成条堆的堆体的含水量为40wt％；
5)将堆成条堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵25天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为80℃，鼓风量为37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为3分钟以及停歇时间为30分钟；
7)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，建成条堆的堆体的含水量为40wt％，重复步骤4)和步骤5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为80℃，鼓风量为37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为3分钟以及停歇时间为30分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵10天即得腐熟的堆肥；得到的堆肥品质高。
实施例4
一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为40cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至20cm得到的；
3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层厚度为40cm的调理剂，然后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至40cm得到的；所述厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比为10:1，混合物料的碳氮比为10:1；
4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；所述堆成条堆的堆体高度为3.5米；堆成条堆的堆体的含水量为70wt％；
5)将堆成条堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵30天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为55℃，鼓风量为33m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒以及停歇时间为10分钟；
7)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，建成条堆的堆体的含水量为70wt％，重复步骤4)和步骤5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为55℃，鼓风量为33m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒 以及停歇时间为10分钟；间歇鼓风发二次发酵14天即得腐熟的堆肥；得到的堆肥品质高。
对比例1
调换步骤6)和步骤7)的顺序，其它同实施例1，堆肥腐熟时间44天，整个发酵过程时间将延长9天，且得到的堆肥品质中。
不好的效果是：
1、在间歇鼓风一次发酵10天的时候，槽内物料整体发酵未完全，堆体内臭气浓度大，槽内物料转运造成臭气环境污染。
2、在间歇鼓风一次发酵10天的时候，槽内物料整体发酵未完全，此时将物料转运到另一条槽后，堆体孔隙率降低，从而使得间歇鼓风二次发酵过程发酵不均匀，降低了堆肥产物的品质，并延长堆肥周期。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
    2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂；
    3)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，再在厨余垃圾上铺设一层调理剂，然后将厨余垃圾倾倒在铺好的调理剂上，混合均匀，得到混合物料；
    4)将上述混合物料堆成条堆；
    5)将堆成条堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
    6)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵20天-30天后，得到发酵残余物；
    7)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，重复步骤4)和步骤5)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵，间歇鼓风二次发酵7天-14天即得腐熟的堆肥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，步骤2)和步骤3)中，所述调理剂的厚度为4cm-40cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm-20cm得到的。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，步骤3)中，所述厨余垃圾与调理剂的体积比为1:10-10:1，混合物料的碳氮比为10:1-40:1。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，步骤4)中，所述建成条堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，步骤4)和步骤7)中，所述建成条堆的堆体的含水量为40wt％-70wt％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，步骤6)中，所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺，其特征在于，步骤 7)中，所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。
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