WO2018010699A1 - 一种电机以及电动工具 - Google Patents

一种电机以及电动工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018010699A1
WO2018010699A1 PCT/CN2017/093239 CN2017093239W WO2018010699A1 WO 2018010699 A1 WO2018010699 A1 WO 2018010699A1 CN 2017093239 W CN2017093239 W CN 2017093239W WO 2018010699 A1 WO2018010699 A1 WO 2018010699A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
power
tool
stator
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/093239
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张伟
李伟锋
李光
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd filed Critical Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
Publication of WO2018010699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018010699A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G3/04—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears
    • A01G3/047—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears portable
    • A01G3/053—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears portable motor-driven
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/083—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric machine, and more particularly to an electric machine for driving a power tool.
  • the invention also relates to a power tool, and more particularly to a power tool having a motor that drives a power tool.
  • the invention relates to a tool body.
  • the invention also relates to a power tool.
  • the diameter D of the motor rotor is approximately 60 mm or more, and the stator stack length L is approximately 40 mm or more. Therefore, the power of the motor in a unit volume or unit weight is relatively low, that is, the power density of the motor is relatively low. In this way, not only the motor itself is bulky and high in weight, but when the motor is mounted on a power tool or other tools and equipment, the corresponding power tool or other tools are relatively large in volume and weight. Especially when these tools are hand-held tools, the tool is large in size and the tool quality is relatively heavy, which brings great inconvenience to the operator.
  • the conventional power tool includes a working component, a motor, a transmission mechanism, a start switch, a control circuit, an energy supply unit, a closing start switch, a circuit between the energy supply unit and the motor, and the control circuit controls the motor to start rotating, and the transmission mechanism will The rotation of the motor is transmitted to the working part to perform the corresponding work.
  • the energy supply unit is a battery pack
  • the battery pack is detachably connected to the power tool.
  • each type of power tool requires a motor, an energy supply unit, and a control circuit.
  • the cost is equivalent to the sum of the cost of N motors, N control circuits, N energy supply units, and N work components.
  • the user usually, the user only uses one power tool at a time, making The other N-1 power tools are idle, that is, other N-1 motors, N-1 control circuits, and N-1 energy supply units are idle.
  • This status quo greatly reduces the user's input-output ratio.
  • it is proposed to develop a new type of power tool which makes the motor and control circuit into a universal component. This component can be used in many different power tools to improve the utilization rate of the motor and control circuit, thereby improving the user. Input-output ratio.
  • the biggest difficulty is that the power, speed, torque, efficiency and other requirements of different power tools are different, and how the motor achieves high efficiency under different power, speed and torque. How to balance the minimum power of the tool to the working efficiency of the motor, while working on the highest power tool, to ensure that the motor does not burn the machine, how to meet the maximum speed and minimum speed required by different tools.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a motor which can output a higher power per unit volume or unit mass.
  • the present invention also provides an electric machine for a power tool including a stator, a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, a rotating shaft, and a stator bracket for fixing the stator to the power tool, the motor generating a magnetic field after being energized,
  • the rotor rotates under the action of a magnetic field
  • the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotor, and rotates together with the rotor to drive a working part of the electric tool to perform a related work
  • the volume of the motor is v
  • motor operation when power is P P is the rated motor power amount
  • the amount of the rated power P of the motor and the specific volume v of the motor is k, k ⁇ 16.5w / cm 3.
  • the rated power of the motor is 960w ⁇ P amount ⁇ 1440w, and the volume of the motor is 58cm 3 ⁇ v ⁇ 83.1cm 3 .
  • the amount of rated power P of the motor is 1200w.
  • the motor is an outer rotor motor.
  • the rotor comprises a cylindrical rotor body with open ends, a magnetic pole piece is disposed on an inner wall of the rotor body, the rotor body is sleeved outside the stator, and an outer diameter of the rotor body D, 45 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 55 mm;
  • the stator includes a stator through hole axially penetrating the inside of the stator, and the stack length of the stator is L, 25 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 35 mm; the rotating shaft penetrates the through hole of the stator and is The rotor body is fixedly connected; the rated power of the motor is 960w ⁇ P amount ⁇ 1440w.
  • the diameter D of the rotor body is 50 mm, and the stack length L of the stator is 30 mm.
  • the motor operates when the rotational speed N, the amount of N is the rated motor speed, 12800 rpm / min ⁇ N amount ⁇ 19200 rev / min.
  • the motor rotates at a speed of 12800 rpm/ ⁇ ⁇ N amount ⁇ 19200 rpm, and the cumulative working life of the motor is t, 1000 hours ⁇ t ⁇ 1500 hours.
  • the motor is a brushless motor.
  • one end of the stator bracket is fixedly connected to the stator, and the other end is connected to a power tool for fixing the motor to the power tool through the stator bracket, and the motor further includes a bearing disposed outside the rotating shaft, the bearing A first bearing is disposed between the stator bracket and the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the first bearing is adjacent to an end of the stator bracket fixed to the power tool.
  • the rotating shaft extends through the two ends of the stator bracket, and one end of the stator bracket away from the stator is fixed to the power tool, and the end extends along the stator through hole toward the inside of the stator through hole to form a sleeve.
  • the composition of the stator support comprises an aeronautical aluminum material.
  • the bearing comprises a second bearing between the inner wall of the stator through hole and the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the second bearing is for rotating the rotating shaft relative to the stator.
  • the second bearing is composed of two or more juxtaposed bearings.
  • the second bearing is composed of two parallel ball bearings, and a retaining ring is arranged between the two parallel ball bearings to prevent mutual interference between the two parallel bearings.
  • the second bearing is a needle bearing, and the axial direction of the needle is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
  • the rotor further includes an end cover at one end of the rotor body, and the end cover is fixed to an end of the rotor body away from the stator bracket, and the motor further includes a cavity formed in the inner wall of the rotor through hole and the outer wall of the rotating shaft. a third bearing, and the third bearing is located between an end of the stator away from the stator bracket and the end cover.
  • the distance from the inner wall of the third bearing to the outer wall of the third bearing is greater than or equal to the distance from the outer wall of the rotating shaft to the inner wall of the through hole of the stator.
  • the third bearing is fixed by a bearing holder that is fastened to the stator.
  • the stator comprises a stator armature provided with an energized coil, the stator armature being energized
  • the magnetic field is then generated and the motor is rotated by the magnetic field interacting with the pole piece, the number of the pole pieces being 10 or more.
  • the input power of the motor is P1
  • the output power of the motor is P2
  • the efficiency of the motor is ⁇
  • ⁇ P2/P1
  • the output power of the motor is 300w ⁇ P ⁇ 1200w, ⁇ ⁇ 75%.
  • the efficiency of the motor is ⁇ ⁇ 80%.
  • the number of the pole pieces is n1, n1 ⁇ 20.
  • the number of pole pieces n1 is 10
  • the linear velocity of the pole piece is V2 ⁇ 41.87 m / sec
  • the effective bonding area of the pole piece is s ⁇ 272 mm 2 .
  • the motor is detachably mounted to at least two power tools, respectively a first power tool and a second power tool, the first power tool being rated at a first power rating Pf, and the second power tool second rated power rated power Pf, the amount of rated power P ⁇ PS PS ⁇ Pf, of the motor.
  • the first rated power Pf is between 300w and 1200
  • the second rated power PS is between 300w and 1200w
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 75%. the above.
  • the electric machine includes a stator and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, the rotor includes a pole piece, the stator includes a stator armature, and after the electric motor is energized, the stator armature generates a magnetic field and the The pole piece interaction causes the rotor to rotate, and the number of the pole pieces is 10 or more.
  • the motor is an outer rotor motor
  • the rotor includes a cylindrical rotor body that is open at both ends, the rotor body is sleeved on the outside of the stator, and the pole piece is located on an inner wall of the rotor body.
  • the number of the pole pieces does not exceed 20 pieces.
  • the first power tool and/or the second power tool are provided with a speed matching device for matching the rotation speed of the motor and the rotation speed of the power tool.
  • the rotation speed matching device is at least one of a gear reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary gear reducer, a belt, and a timing belt.
  • the speed matching device is an electronic control switch, and the electronic control switch reduces the rotation speed of the motor by reducing the input voltage or the input current of the motor, thereby making the motor speed and the electric motor The speed of the match is matched.
  • the present invention also provides an electric motor including a stator, a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, a pole piece fixed to the inside of the motor, a rotating shaft, and a stator bracket for fixing the stator to the power tool, the motor being energized Generating a magnetic field and interacting with the pole piece to rotate the rotor, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotor, and rotates together with the rotor to drive the working part of the electric tool to work.
  • the mass of the motor is M
  • the output power P of the motor is working
  • the motor is rated at P amount
  • the amount of the rated power P of the motor M the mass ratio of the motor is ⁇ , ⁇ 2.4w / g.
  • the motor is allowed to operate with an output power of 960w ⁇ P amount ⁇ 1440w, and the mass of the motor is 350 ⁇ M ⁇ 450g.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool including a tool housing, a working member supported by the tool housing, a grip handle, and the motor described above for driving a working component of the power tool to perform related work.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power unit capable of powering a tool body of a different power tool.
  • a power device that can power a tool body of a power tool, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working member supported by the tool housing
  • the power unit includes a main housing, a motor and a circuit board supported by the main housing, the main housing being detachably mountable with the tool housing, and the main housing is mounted to the main housing
  • the working component can be driven by the motor.
  • the power device further includes an energy supply unit that supplies energy to the motor, and the energy supply unit includes a piggyback structure, and the energy supply unit can be carried by the backing structure to the operator's back.
  • the energy supply unit further comprises a flexible device connected to the tool housing or the main housing such that the energy supply unit is electrically connected to the motor.
  • the circuit board includes an identification unit and a control unit, the identification unit identifies a type of the tool body mounted with the power device, and generates a signal corresponding to the tool body type to be sent to the control circuit; the control circuit And controlling the rotational motion of the motor output to match the type of the tool body according to the signal transmitted by the identification unit.
  • the power device has a rated output power of between 200w and 2500w. Value.
  • the power unit further includes an energy supply unit that supplies energy to the motor, the energy supply unit being detachably supported by the main housing.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit that can power a tool body of a power tool, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing; the power unit including a main housing a motor supported by the main housing; the main housing is detachably mountable with the tool housing, and when the main housing is mounted to the tool housing, the working member may be Motor driven.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool including a tool body and a power unit, the power unit providing power to the tool body, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit includes a main housing, a motor and a circuit board supported by the main housing, the main housing being detachably mountable with the tool housing, and the main housing being mounted on the main housing
  • the working component can be driven by the motor when the tool housing is in use.
  • the power tool further includes an energy supply unit that supplies energy to the motor, and the energy supply unit includes a piggyback structure, and the energy supply unit can be carried by the backing structure to the operator's back.
  • the energy supply unit further comprises a flexible device connected to the tool housing or the main housing such that the energy supply unit is electrically connected to the motor.
  • the circuit board further includes an identification unit and a control circuit
  • the identification unit identifies a type of the tool body mounted with the power device, and generates a signal corresponding to the tool body type to be sent to the control circuit;
  • the circuit controls the rotational motion of the motor output to match the type of the tool body based on the signal transmitted by the identification unit.
  • the tool body further includes a grip handle supported by the tool housing, the grip handle being held by an operator when the working member is driven by the motor.
  • the power tool further includes a start switch that closes the start switch when the tool housing is separated from the main housing, and a closed loop cannot be formed between the motor and the energy supply unit.
  • the activation switch is closed, and a closed loop is formed between the motor and the energy supply unit.
  • the rated output power of the power unit is a value between 200W and 2500w.
  • the power tool further includes an energy supply unit that supplies energy to the motor, the energy supply unit being detachably supported by the main housing or the tool housing.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool including a tool body and a power unit, the power unit providing power to the tool body, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit includes a main housing, a motor supported by the main housing, the main housing being detachably mountable with the tool housing, and the main housing being mounted to the tool housing
  • the working component can be driven by the motor.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system including a power unit and at least two tool bodies capable of powering the at least two tool bodies, each of the at least two tool bodies A tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit includes a main housing, a motor and a circuit board supported by the main housing;
  • the main housing can be The tool housing is detachably mounted, and the working member is drivable by the motor when the main housing is mounted to the tool housing.
  • the power tool includes an energy supply unit including a piggyback structure, and the energy supply unit can be carried by the backing structure to the operator's back.
  • the energy supply unit further comprises a flexible device connected to the tool housing or the main housing such that the energy supply unit is electrically connected to the motor.
  • the circuit board includes an identification unit and a control circuit
  • the identification unit identifies a type of the tool body mounted with the power device, and generates a signal corresponding to the tool body type to be sent to the control circuit; the control circuit And controlling the rotational motion of the motor output to match the type of the tool body according to the signal transmitted by the identification unit.
  • the tool body further includes a grip handle supported by the tool housing, the grip handle being held by an operator when the working member is driven by the motor.
  • the power tool further includes a start switch that closes the start switch when the tool housing is separated from the main housing, and a closed loop cannot be formed between the motor and the energy supply unit.
  • the activation switch is closed, and a closed loop is formed between the motor and the energy supply unit.
  • the rated output power of the power unit is a value between 200W and 2500w.
  • the power tool includes an energy supply unit, and the energy supply unit is detachably Supported by the main housing.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system including a power unit and at least two tool bodies capable of powering the at least two tool bodies, each of the at least two tool bodies A tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit includes a main housing, a motor supported by the main housing; the main housing and the tool housing Removably mounted, the working component can be driven by the motor when the main housing is mounted to the tool housing.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit that can power a tool body of a power tool, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing; the power unit is a main housing a motor and a circuit board supported by the main housing; the power unit is detachably connectable to the tool body, and the working member is detachable from the motor when the power unit is coupled to the tool body drive.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit that can power a tool body of a power tool, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing; the power unit is a main housing Composed of a motor supported by the main housing; the power unit is detachably connectable to the tool body, and the working member is drivable by the motor when the power unit is coupled to the tool body.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool including a tool body and a power unit, the power unit providing power to the tool body, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit is composed of a main housing, a motor supported by the main housing, and a circuit board; the power unit is detachably connectable to the tool body when the power unit is coupled to the tool body
  • the working component can be driven by the motor.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool including a tool body and a power unit, the power unit providing power to the tool body, the tool body including a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit is composed of a main housing, a motor supported by the main housing; the power unit is detachably connectable with the tool body, and when the power unit is coupled to the tool body, The working component can be driven by the motor.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system including a power unit and at least two tool bodies capable of powering the at least two tool bodies, each of the at least two tool bodies Including a tool housing and a working portion supported by the tool housing
  • the power unit is composed of a main housing, a motor supported by the main housing, and a circuit board; the power unit is detachably connectable with the tool body, and the power unit and the tool body When connected, the working component can be driven by the motor.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system including a power unit and at least two tool bodies capable of powering the at least two tool bodies, each of the at least two tool bodies Included, a tool housing, and a working component supported by the tool housing;
  • the power unit is comprised of a main housing, a motor and a circuit board supported by the main housing; the power unit can be coupled to the tool
  • the body is detachably coupled, and the working member is drivable by the motor when the power unit is coupled to the tool body.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit that at least selectively powers a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, wherein the power unit includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main casing; the main casing is detachably mounted to the tool body of the first power tool and the tool body of the second power tool, and the rated power of the first power tool is the first rated power, The rated power of the second power tool is a second rated power, and the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is 200 W or more, when the main casing is mounted on the tool body of the first power tool, The tool body of the first power tool is driven by the motor, the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more; when the main casing is mounted to the tool body of the second power tool, the second power tool The tool body is driven by the motor, and the motor has an operating efficiency of 75% or more.
  • the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is 800 W or more.
  • the first rated power is between 200W and 400W
  • the second rated power is between 1000W and 1400W.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit that at least selectively powers a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, wherein the power unit includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main casing; the main casing being detachably mountable with a tool body of the first power tool and a tool body of the second power tool, when the main casing is mounted to the tool body
  • the tool body is driven by the motor, and when the output power of the motor is between the first preset power and the second preset power, the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more, and the first preset power is The difference between the second preset powers is 200 W or more.
  • the first preset power is greater than 350 W, and the second preset power is less than 2500 W.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 78% or more.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 80% or more.
  • the motor is an outer rotor brushless motor.
  • the outer rotor brushless motor has an outer diameter of 45 mm to 64 mm and a stator stack thickness of 15 mm to 35 mm.
  • the rotor of the outer rotor brushless motor has an outer diameter of 45 mm-55 mm and a stator stack thickness of 25 mm-35 mm.
  • the motor has a no-load speed of between 15,000 rpm and 16,000 rpm.
  • the weight of the motor is between 350g and 450g.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system, characterized in that the power tool system includes at least a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, and a tool body that can alternatively be a first power tool And a power device that provides power to the tool body of the second power tool; the rated power of the first power tool is a first rated power, and the rated power of the second power tool is a second rated power, a first rated power and a The difference between the two rated powers is 200 W or more; when the main casing is mounted on the tool body of the first power tool, the tool body of the first power tool is driven by the motor, and the working efficiency of the motor It is 75% or more; when the main casing is mounted to the tool body of the second electric power tool, the tool body of the second electric power tool is driven by the motor, and the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system including at least a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, and optionally a tool body and a second motor of the first power tool a power device that provides power to the tool body of the tool; when the main housing is mounted to the tool body, the tool body is driven by the motor, and the output power of the motor is a first preset power to a second pre- When the power is set, the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more, and the difference between the first preset power and the second preset power is 200 W or more.
  • the first rated power is between 560w and 600w, and when the power device is mounted on the tool body of the first power tool, the working efficiency of the motor is 82% or more.
  • the first rated power is between 400W and 500w, and when the power device is mounted on the tool body of the first power tool, the working efficiency of the motor is 82% or more.
  • the first rated power is 750w-850w, and when the power device is mounted on the tool body of the first power tool, the working efficiency of the motor is 84% or more.
  • the first rated power is 1100w-1300w, and when the power device is mounted on the tool body of the first power tool, the working efficiency of the motor is 85% or more.
  • the present invention also provides a power device that can at least selectively power a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, wherein the power device includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main casing; the main casing is detachably mounted to the tool body of the first power tool and the tool body of the second power tool, and the output torque of the motor is a first preset torque to a second pre- When the torque is set, the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more, and the difference between the first preset torque and the second preset torque is 0.5 NM or more.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 78% or more.
  • the motor is an outer rotor brushless motor.
  • the rotor outer diameter of the outer rotor brushless motor is between 45 mm and 64 mm, and the stack thickness of the stator is between 15 mm and 35 mm.
  • the rotor outer diameter of the outer rotor brushless motor is between 45 mm and 55 mm, and the stack thickness of the stator is between 25 mm and 35 mm.
  • the motor has a no-load speed of between 15,000 rpm and 16,000 rpm.
  • the weight of the motor is between 350g and 450g.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system, characterized in that the power tool system includes at least a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, and a tool body that can alternatively be a first power tool And a power unit that provides power to the tool body of the second power tool; the power unit is the power unit of any one of claims 19-26.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit that at least selectively powers a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, wherein the power unit includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main casing; the main casing is detachably mounted to the tool body of the first power tool and the tool body of the second power tool, and the rated power of the first power tool is the first rated power, The rated power of the second power tool is the second rated power, the first amount The constant power is different from the second rated power, and the motor is an outer rotor brushless motor.
  • the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is 200 W or more.
  • the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is 800 W or more.
  • the first rated power is between 200W and 400W
  • the second rated power is between 1000W and 1400W.
  • the present invention also provides a power device that can at least selectively power a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, wherein the power device includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main casing; the main casing is detachably mountable with the tool body, and when the main casing is mounted to the tool body, the tool body is driven by the motor,
  • the output torque of the motor is between a first preset torque and a second preset torque, and the first preset torque is different from the second preset torque, and the motor is an outer rotor brushless motor.
  • the difference between the first preset torque and the second preset torque is 0.5 NM or more.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 78% or more.
  • the motor is an outer rotor brushless motor.
  • the rotor outer diameter of the outer rotor brushless motor is between 45 mm and 64 mm, and the stack thickness of the stator is between 15 mm and 35 mm.
  • the motor has a no-load speed of between 15,000 rpm and 16,000 rpm.
  • the weight of the motor is between 350g and 450g.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system, characterized in that the power tool system includes at least a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, and a tool body that can alternatively be a first power tool And a power unit that provides power to the tool body of the second power tool; the power unit is the power unit of any one of claims 28-39.
  • the present invention also provides a power device that can at least selectively power a tool body of two power tools, wherein the power device includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main housing;
  • the main housing is detachably mountable with a tool body of the power tool, and when the main housing is mounted to a tool body of the power tool, a tool body of the power tool is driven by the motor
  • the weight of the motor is between 350g and 450g.
  • the motor has a no-load speed of between 15,000 rpm and 16,000 rpm.
  • the ratio of the output power to the weight of the motor is greater than 2.6 w/g.
  • the power device further includes an energy storage unit, and the voltage of the energy storage unit is 60V or more.
  • the weight of the power device is 2Kg to 2.1Kg, and the ratio of the rated output power to the weight of the power device is 523w/Kg to 550w/Kg.
  • the power device has a weight of 2 Kg to 2.1 Kg, and the ratio of the output energy to the weight of the power device is 57 Wh/kg to 60 Wh/kg.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system, characterized in that the power tool system comprises at least two tool bodies of the power tool, and a power device that can at least selectively power the tool bodies of the two power tools.
  • the power unit is a power unit as described above.
  • the present invention also provides a power device that can at least selectively power a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, wherein the power device includes a main housing, and a motor supported by the main casing; the main casing is detachably mountable with the tool body, and when the main casing is mounted to the tool body, the tool body is driven by the motor,
  • the motor has a no-load speed of 10,000 rpm or more.
  • the motor has an idle speed of between 15,000 and 16000 rpm.
  • the motor has a weight of less than 500 g.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool system, characterized in that the power tool system includes at least a tool body of a first power tool and a tool body of a second power tool, and a tool body that can alternatively be a first power tool And a power unit that provides power to the tool body of the second power tool, the power unit being a power unit as previously described.
  • the rated speed of the first power tool is a first preset speed
  • the rated speed of the second power tool is a second preset speed
  • the first preset speed and the second preset The difference in rotational speed is 7,000 rpm or more.
  • the tool body of the first power tool includes a reduction box, and an input end of the reduction box is coupled to an output shaft of the motor, and the reduction box converts an output rotation speed of the motor to be suitable for the first power tool output.
  • the rotational speed of the second electric tool is substantially the same as the output rotational speed of the motor.
  • the first power tool is a pruning shear, and the reduction ratio of the reduction gear box is 12:1 to 13:1; Or the first power tool is a grass cutter, the reduction ratio of the reduction gear box is 2.3:1 to 3:1; or the first power tool is a lawn mower, and the reduction ratio of the reduction gear box is 4.4: 1 to 5.2:1; or the first electric tool is a chain saw, the reduction ratio of the reduction gear box is 2:1 to 6:1; or the first electric power tool is a high pressure cleaning machine, and the reduction gear box is The reduction ratio is 4.5:1 to 6.4:1.
  • the tool body of the first power tool includes a first reduction gearbox having a first reduction ratio
  • the tool body of the second power tool includes a second reduction gearbox having a second reduction ratio
  • the first The reduction ratio and the second reduction ratio are any one of the following ratios: 12:1 to 13:1, or 2.3:1 to 3:1, or 4.4:1 to 5.2:1, or 2:1 to 6: 1, or 4.5:1 to 6.4:1.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a power tool system according to a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first preferred embodiment of the power unit shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second preferred embodiment of the power unit shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a third preferred embodiment of the power unit shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the power unit shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing a first preferred embodiment of the type of the power tool identification tool body shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing a second preferred embodiment of the type of the power tool identification tool body shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a first preferred embodiment of the electrical connection of the power unit of Figure 1 and the tool body;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing a second preferred embodiment of the electrical connection of the power unit of Figure 1 and the tool body;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of the connection structure of the power unit and the tool body shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the power unit of Figure 10 and the tool body in the process of installation;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the installation of the power unit and the tool body shown in Figure 10;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a fourth preferred embodiment of the electrical connection of the power unit of Figure 1 and the tool body;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing another preferred embodiment of the connection structure of the power unit and the tool body shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the installation of the power unit and the tool body shown in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a structural view of a power tool system according to a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 17 is a structural view of a first preferred embodiment of the tool body provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a structural view of a second preferred embodiment of the tool body provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a structural view showing a third preferred embodiment of the power tool provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 17a is a perspective view of the motor in the first preferred embodiment under high power and small volume
  • Figure 18a is a cross-sectional view of Figure 17a
  • Figure 19a is a perspective view of the rotor body of the motor shown in Figure 17a;
  • Figure 20a is a perspective view of the end cap of the motor of Figure 17a;
  • Figure 21a is a schematic structural view of the end cap when the notch is disposed at other positions of the end cap;
  • Figure 22a is a perspective view of the second fan of the motor shown in Figure 17a;
  • Figure 23a is a partial structural view of the motor when the first fan is not disposed on the end cover;
  • Figure 24a is a schematic view showing the structure of the second preferred embodiment under high power and small volume
  • Figure 25a is a schematic view showing the structure of the motor when the second bearing is a needle bearing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a power tool system according to a preferred embodiment.
  • the power tool system includes a power unit 100 and a tool body of at least two power tools, wherein the power unit 100 is detachably mounted with the tool bodies of the at least two power tools to power the tool bodies of the at least two power tools.
  • the power tool system includes four types of tool bodies, namely, a blower tool body 300, a lawnmower tool body 400, a chainsaw tool body 500, and a pruning shear tool body 600.
  • the same interface for mounting the power unit 100 is provided on all four tool bodies.
  • the tool body may also be a hand-push power tool body such as a lawn mower tool body.
  • the power unit 100 is detachably mounted to the four tool bodies and powers the four tool bodies. When the power unit 100 is mounted to any one of the four tool bodies, a complete power tool is constructed to perform the work performed by the type of power tool.
  • the maximum output power of the power device 100 matches the highest input power required for all the tool bodies that can mount the power device 100; the maximum output speed of the power device 100 and all the powers that can be installed The highest input speed required for the tool body of device 100 matches. For example, if the maximum input power required for all the tool bodies capable of installing the power unit 100 is 1000 W, and the minimum input power required for all the tool bodies capable of mounting the power unit 100 is 100 W, the output power that the power unit 100 can provide must be More than 1000w.
  • the chainsaw and mower are rated at a high power of around 1500w. The rated power of the lawnmower is low, about 300w.
  • the rated output power of the power unit 100 is 2500w or so.
  • its rated output power may be 300w, or 500w, or 1000w, or 1500w, or 2000w, or 200w.
  • the power unit 100 When the power unit 100 is mounted on a tool body having a required input power of only 100 W, the power design of the power unit 100 is excessively large, causing unnecessary waste. If the maximum input speed required for all the tool bodies capable of mounting the power unit 100 is 20,000 rpm, and the minimum input speed required for all the tool bodies capable of mounting the power unit 100 is 1000 rpm, the power unit 100 can provide The output speed must be higher than 20,000 rpm. When the power unit 100 is installed at a required input speed of only 1000 When the tool body is transferred/divided, the rotational speed of the power unit 100 is designed to be too high, resulting in unnecessary waste.
  • the power tool system includes different types of tool bodies requiring the highest input power; such as between 500w and 1000w.
  • the power tool system includes a similar approximation of the maximum input speed required for different types of tool bodies.
  • the blower tool body 300 includes a tool housing 302, and a working member 304 and a grip handle 301 supported by the tool housing 302.
  • the lawnmower tool body 400 includes a tool housing 402, and a working component 404 and a grip handle 401 supported by the tool housing 402.
  • the chainsaw tool body 500 includes a tool housing 502, and a working component 504 and a grip handle 501 supported by the tool housing 502.
  • the pruning shear tool body 600 includes a tool housing 602, and a working component 604 and a grip handle 601 supported by the tool housing 602.
  • the working component 304 (404, 504, 604) receives the power transmitted by the powerplant 100 and converts it into a power output that matches the tool body.
  • the handle 301 (401, 501, 601) is used to hold power to the tool body when the power tool is in operation, and the work member 304 (404, 504, 604) has an output that is held by the operator.
  • the grip handles 301 (401, 501, 601) are disposed on the tool body such that different types of grip handles 301 (401, 501, 601) can be configured for different types of tool bodies. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the grip handles 301 (401, 501, 601) can also be disposed on the power unit 100. Under this configuration, all types of power tools have the same grip handles 301 (401, 501, 601) and do not follow the tool body. The type changes and changes.
  • the grip handles 301 (401, 501, 601) are disposed on the tool body, and since the structure of each of the grip handles 301 (401, 501, 601) is adapted to the type of the tool body, the comfort of the operator's grip can be remarkably improved.
  • the specific structure of the first preferred embodiment of the power unit 100 is shown in FIG.
  • the power unit 100 includes a main housing 102, a motor 104, and a control circuit 110.
  • Control circuit 110 controls the rotational motion of motor 104.
  • the main housing 102 is detachably mounted to the tool housing 302 (402, 502, 602).
  • the working components 304 404, 504, 604 can be driven by the motor 104, i.e., the power of the motor 104 can be transferred to the working components 304 (404, 504, 604).
  • the motor 104 is a brushless motor.
  • the control circuit 110 controls the commutation of the brushless motor and its rotational speed.
  • the output of the power unit 100 does not change depending on the type of the tool body.
  • a corresponding structure can be set in the tool body to convert a constant input into an input that matches the type of the tool body.
  • the power unit 100 includes a main housing 102, a motor 104, an identification unit 108, and a control circuit 110.
  • the main housing 102 is detachably mounted to the tool housing 302 (402, 502, 602).
  • the working components 304 (404, 504, 604) can be driven by the motor 104, i.e., the power of the motor 104 can be transferred to the working components 304 (404, 504, 604).
  • Motor 104 optionally outputs a rotational motion.
  • the recognition unit 108 identifies the type of the tool body mounted with the power unit 100, and generates a signal corresponding to the tool body type to be transmitted to the control circuit 110.
  • the control circuit 110 controls the motor 104 to output a rotational motion that matches the type of tool body based on the signal transmitted by the identification unit 108.
  • the control circuit 110 can control the motor 104 to output different rotational motions according to the signal sent by the identification unit 108, thereby transmitting different power to the working member 304, thereby enabling the power unit to be mounted.
  • the tool body of 100 is capable of outputting a power output that matches the type of tool body. This allows the power unit 100 to be shared between different tool bodies.
  • the specific structure of the third preferred embodiment of the power unit 100 is shown in FIG.
  • the power unit 100 includes a main housing 102, a motor 104, an identification unit 108, a control circuit 110, and an energy supply unit 112.
  • the main housing 102 is detachably mounted to the tool housing 302 (402, 502, 602).
  • the working components 304 404, 504, 604
  • Motor 104 optionally outputs a rotational motion.
  • the energy supply unit 112 provides power to the motor 104.
  • the energy supply unit 112 may be an AC power line, or a rechargeable energy storage unit, or may provide an AC or DC power source at the same time.
  • the recognition unit 108 identifies the type of the tool body mounted with the power unit 100 and generates a signal matching the tool body type to the control circuit 110.
  • the control circuit 110 controls the rotational motion of the motor 104 based on the signal transmitted by the identification unit 108. When the power unit 100 is mounted on different tool bodies, the control circuit 110 can control the motor 104 to output different rotational motions according to the signal sent by the identification unit 108, thereby transmitting different power to the working member 304, thereby enabling the power unit to be mounted.
  • the tool body of 100 is capable of outputting a power output that matches the type of tool body.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is common with other components such as the motor 104. It is disposed in the main casing 102. This structure makes the structure of the power unit 100 single, and is convenient for conversion between different power tools.
  • the present invention also provides a fourth preferred embodiment of the power unit 100.
  • the fourth preferred embodiment differs from the third preferred embodiment in that the energy supply unit 112 has a separate third housing 1121 when the energy supply unit 112 is a rechargeable energy storage unit.
  • the power unit 100 is provided with a housing portion 1022 that houses the third housing 1121 and fixedly mounts the third housing 1121.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is detachably mounted and supported by the main housing 102 of the power unit 100, thereby having the beneficial effect that the energy supply unit 112 retains the conventional structure and can be charged using a conventional charger, charging more. Convenient.
  • the present invention also provides a fifth preferred embodiment of the power unit 100.
  • the fifth preferred embodiment differs from the third preferred embodiment in that the power unit 100 does not include the identification unit 108.
  • the present invention also provides a sixth preferred embodiment of the power unit 100.
  • the sixth preferred embodiment differs from the fourth preferred embodiment in that the power unit 100 does not include the identification unit 108.
  • the power unit 100 of the first and second preferred embodiments does not include the energy providing unit 112.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is disposed on the tool body.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is non-detachably disposed on the tool body or detachably disposed on the tool body.
  • the power unit 100 may not include the control circuit 110.
  • control circuit 110 is included in the tool body.
  • the control circuit 110 may be partially disposed in the power unit 100 and the other portion disposed in the tool body.
  • control circuit 110 can control the rotational motion of the motor 104 and can also control the discharge process of the energy supply unit 112. Specifically, the control circuit 110 detects a discharge state of the energy supply unit 112 during discharge of the power device 100, such as a discharge current, a current voltage, and the like, and allows or prohibits the energy supply unit 112 from supplying energy to the motor 104 according to the detected discharge state. .
  • the battery pack voltage is 20V or more.
  • the identification unit 108 of the power unit 100 recognizes the type of the tool body of the power tool in various ways, including automatic recognition and semi-automatic identification.
  • the type of tool body that automatically identifies the power tool can be achieved by setting an identification element that matches the particular tool body type on the tool body.
  • the identification unit 108 is configured The detecting element disposed therein detects the identifying component, and the type of the identifying component is identified by the signal detected by the detecting component, thereby identifying the type of the tool body.
  • the type of power tool identified in a semi-automatic manner can be achieved by the identification unit 108 including a selection element disposed on the main housing 102 for user operation, the selection elements being operatively in different states.
  • the user sets the type of the tool body by operating the selection element in a different state, and the recognition unit 108 recognizes the result of the operation of the user on the state of the selection element, thereby identifying the type of the tool body set by the user.
  • the third preferred embodiment of the power device 100 will be taken as an example, and the two recognition modes will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the identification methods described below are equally applicable to other embodiments of the powerplant 100.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the automatic identification tool body type.
  • the recognition unit 108 automatically recognizes the type of the tool body mounted with the power unit 100 in a non-contact manner.
  • the identification unit 108 includes a processing circuit 1080 and four Hall elements located at different positions, respectively being a first Hall element 1082 at a first position and a second Hall element 1084 at a second position.
  • a magnet 310 is respectively disposed on the tool housings 302 (402, 502, 602) of the four tool bodies, and their positions respectively correspond to one of the above four Hall elements to ensure that the Hall element can be mounted when the power unit 100 is mounted to the tool body.
  • the magnet 310 is sensed.
  • the magnet 310 is adjacent to the first Hall element 1082, away from the second Hall element 1084, due to the corresponding relationship between the mounting position of the Hall element and the mounting position of the magnet.
  • Three Hall element 1086 and fourth Hall element 1088 At this time, the first Hall element 1082 generates a Hall signal, and the second Hall element 1084, the third Hall element 1086, and the fourth Hall element 1088 do not generate a Hall signal.
  • the processing circuit 1080 receives the Hall signal and recognizes that the Hall signal is from the first Hall element 1082, and then the type of tool body on which the power unit 100 is mounted can be identified.
  • the identification element can also be a mechanical contact
  • the identification unit 108 includes two or more mechanical switches disposed at different positions, the position of the mechanical switch corresponding to the position of the mechanical contact.
  • the mechanical contacts on the tool body trigger mechanical switches in the corresponding positions.
  • the mechanical switch is closed after being triggered.
  • the identification unit 108 identifies the type of the tool body on which the power unit 100 is mounted, depending on the position of the mechanical switch whose state is turned off to closed.
  • the identification component can also be any other form of photoelectric switch, two-dimensional code, identification resistor, and the like.
  • FIG. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the powerplant 100 identifying the type of power tool in a semi-automatic manner.
  • the identification unit 108 includes a processing circuit 1080 and selection elements disposed on the main housing 102 and operable manually by a user.
  • the selection element is the push switch 114.
  • Preset time In the interval, the operator presses the push switch 114 once to represent the first type of power tool on behalf of the user; presses the push switch 114 twice to indicate that the user selects the second type of power tool.
  • the push switch 114 is pressed a different number of times during the preset time, indicating that the user has selected a different type of power tool.
  • the processing circuit 1080 identifies the number of times the push switch 114 is pressed within a preset time, and the type of the power tool selected by the user can be identified. Thereby, the type of the tool body in which the power unit 100 is mounted is semi-automatically recognized.
  • the selection element can be a plurality of push switches 114 having a particular indicia, a particular indicia push switch 114, representing one type of tool body.
  • the selection component can also have a plurality of gear knobs that, when operated in a particular gear position, represent a particular type of tool body on behalf of the user.
  • the power unit 100 needs to protect the safety problems caused by its operation.
  • the circuit arrangement and the electrical connection between the power unit 100 and the tool body ensure that the power unit 100 does not work when it is independently set, and the work can be started only when the power unit 100 is mounted on the tool body, thereby avoiding
  • the power device 100 serves as a safety issue for an independent power body.
  • a circuit block diagram of several preferred embodiments of the power tool will be described by taking the power device 100 as a third preferred embodiment as an example. Those skilled in the art can understand that the electrical connection relationship between the power device 100 and the tool body embodied by the following circuit block diagram is also applicable to other embodiments of the power device 100.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the power tool.
  • the power unit 100 includes a motor 104, an energy supply unit 112, an identification unit 108, a control circuit 110, and two electrical nodes, a third node 116 and a fourth node 118.
  • the third node 116 is electrically connected to the energy providing unit 112, and the fourth node 118 is electrically connected to the motor 104.
  • the tool body includes a start switch 308 and two electrical nodes electrically connected to both sides of the start switch 308, a first node 312 and a second node 314.
  • the start switch 308 has two states, closed and open, and can be switched from an open state to a closed state by an operator trigger.
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are in an open state, so that a closed loop has not been formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112.
  • the main housing 102 is mounted to the tool housing 302
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are electrically connected by the first node 312 and the second node 314.
  • the start switch 308 is closed, a closed loop is formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112, the energy supply unit 112 supplies energy to the motor 104, and the control circuit 110 controls the motor 104 to start rotating.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the power tool.
  • the power unit 100 includes a motor 104, an energy supply unit 112, an identification unit 108, a control circuit 110, a start switch 115, and two electrical nodes, a third node 116 and a fourth node 118.
  • the third node 116 is electrically connected to the energy providing unit 112, and the second node 314 is electrically connected to the motor 104.
  • the start switch 115 is disposed between the energy supply unit 112 and the motor 104, and has both closed and open states. The start switch 115 can be switched from an open state to a closed state by an operator trigger.
  • the tool body includes two electrical nodes that are in communication with each other, a first node 312 and a second node 314.
  • the functions of the modules included in the power unit 100 and the tool body are the same as those of the foregoing embodiment.
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are in an open state, so that a closed loop has not been formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112.
  • the main housing 102 is mounted to the tool housing 302
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are electrically connected by the first node 312 and the second node 314.
  • the start switch 308 is closed, a closed loop is formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112, the energy supply unit 112 supplies energy to the motor 104, and the control circuit 110 controls the motor 104 to start rotating.
  • the start switch 308 is closed, and a closed loop cannot be formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112.
  • Unit 112 is unable to provide energy to motor 104 and motor 104 is inoperable.
  • the structure in which the third node 116 is disconnected from the fourth node 118 ensures that the power unit 100 cannot be started until the power unit 100 is electrically connected to the power tool, that is, before the power unit 100 is mounted on the power tool. This increases the safety of the power unit 100.
  • the electrical connection between the first node 312 and the third node 116 can be implemented in a wireless manner or in a wired manner.
  • the second node 314 is electrically connected to the fourth node 118 to establish electrical connection between the power device 100 and the tool body. connection.
  • the wired manner may be that a first connection terminal electrically connected to the first node 312 and a second connection terminal electrically connected to the second node 314 are disposed on the tool body.
  • the power device 100 is provided with a third connection terminal electrically connected to the third node 116 and a fourth connection terminal electrically connected to the fourth node 118.
  • the first connection terminal, the second connection terminal, the third connection terminal, and the fourth connection terminal may be mutually independent terminals, and the position of the first connection terminal corresponds to the position of the third connection terminal, and the position of the second connection terminal is The position of the fourth connection terminal corresponds.
  • the first connection terminal is connected to the third connection terminal, and the second connection The terminal is connected to the fourth connection terminal to establish an electrical connection between the power unit 100 and the tool body.
  • the start switch 308 is closed, and the circuit between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112 is turned on.
  • the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal may also be integrally provided, and accordingly, the third connection terminal and the fourth connection terminal are also disposed in a matched integral structure. It can also be realized that when the power device 100 is mounted to the tool body, the first connection terminal is connected to the third connection terminal, and the second connection terminal is connected to the fourth connection terminal, so that an electrical connection is established between the power device 100 and the tool body.
  • the present invention also provides a third preferred embodiment that when the tool housing 302 is separated from the main housing 102, the start switch 115 is closed, and a closed loop cannot be formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112 when the main housing 102 is mounted on the tool.
  • the start switch 115 is closed, and a closed loop is formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112.
  • the third preferred embodiment is different from the second preferred embodiment in that a detecting element and a switching element controlled by the detecting element are disposed between the third node 116 and the fourth node 118. When the detecting element detects that the main housing 102 is mounted to the tool housing 302, a corresponding control signal is issued to control the switching element to close.
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are electrically connected, the start switch 115 is closed, a closed loop is formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112, and the motor 104 starts to rotate.
  • the detecting element detects that the main casing 102 is not mounted on the tool housing 302, it sends a corresponding control signal to control the switching element to be disconnected.
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 cannot be electrically connected, the start switch 115 is closed, a closed loop cannot be formed between the motor 104 and the energy supply unit 112, and the motor 104 cannot rotate.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit block diagram of a fourth preferred embodiment of the power tool.
  • the power unit 100 includes a motor 104, an energy supply unit 112, a control circuit 110, and two electrical nodes, a third node 116 and a fourth node 118.
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are both electrically connected to the control circuit 110.
  • the control circuit 110 further includes a controller 1101 and a switching element 1102.
  • the tool body includes a start switch 308 and two electrical nodes electrically connected to both sides of the start switch 308, a first node 312 and a second node 314.
  • the start switch 308 is disposed on the tool housing and is operatively in a closed or open state.
  • the controller 1101 can detect that the start switch 308 is in a closed or open state by the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 being electrically connected to the first node 312 and the second node 314, respectively.
  • the controller 1101 detects that the start switch 308 is in the off state, the control switching element 1102 is in the off state, and the energy supply from the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is prohibited.
  • the controller 1101 detects that the start switch 308 is in the closed state, the control switching element 1102 is in the closed state, and the energy supply from the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is allowed.
  • the powerplant 100 may or may not include one or both of the identification unit 108 and the control circuit 110.
  • the control circuit 110 may have only a discharge control function, or both a discharge control function and a function of controlling the rotational motion of the motor.
  • the circuit block diagram of the power tool includes at least a control circuit and an energy supply circuit.
  • the energy supply circuit electrically connects the energy supply unit 112 and the motor 104 to form an energy transfer circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104.
  • the energy supply circuit forms a closed loop, the energy of the energy supply unit 112 is transferred to the motor 104, which rotates.
  • the energy supply circuit forms an open circuit, the energy of the energy supply unit 112 cannot be transmitted to the motor 104, and the motor 104 stops rotating or remains stationary.
  • the energy supply circuit may alternatively be disposed in the power unit 100 or in the tool body, or may be partially disposed in the power unit 100 and another portion disposed in the tool body.
  • the control circuit may alternatively be disposed in the power unit 100 or in the tool body, or may be partially disposed in the power unit 100 and another portion disposed in the tool body.
  • the tool body and the power unit each include a part of the circuit.
  • the electrical connection between the two parts of the circuit is achieved by electrical connection of the first node 312 and the second node 314 to the third node 116 and the fourth node 118, respectively.
  • the circuit in the tool body can be simplified as the first circuit.
  • the circuit in the power unit 100 includes at least two parts, and a part of the circuit is electrically connected to the third node 116 and the fourth node 118. This part of the circuit is simplified as a second circuit. Another part of the circuit is connected to the second circuit.
  • the power unit 100 can include more other circuits or only a second portion of the circuit.
  • the tool body can contain more other circuits.
  • the first circuit and the second circuit together constitute an energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104.
  • the start switch 308 is located in the first circuit. The start switch 308 is operatively triggered to control whether the energy providing circuit forms a closed loop. Specifically, when the power device 100 is electrically connected to the tool body and the start switch 308 is triggered to close, the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 forms a closed loop, and the energy provided by the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is The start switch 308 returns to the energy supply unit. When the power unit 100 is electrically connected to the tool body, but the start switch 308 is triggered to open, the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 cannot form a closed loop.
  • the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is disposed in the power unit.
  • the second circuit controls the energy according to the signal of the first circuit
  • the quantity provides a circuit that forms a closed loop.
  • the first circuit includes a start switch 308 disposed on the tool housing.
  • the start switch 308 has two states of closing and opening. One end of the start switch is connected to the first node 312, and the other end is connected to the second node 314.
  • the first circuit includes a first node 312, a second node 314, a start switch 308, circuitry to connect the first node 312 and the start switch 308, and circuitry to connect the second node 314 and the start switch 308.
  • the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 are electrically connected to the first node 312 and the second node 314, respectively. It is detected by the state of the closed or open state of the start switch 308 that the operator's control command to the power tool is started or stopped. Through the electrical connection of the third node 116 and the fourth node 118 to the first node 312 and the second node 314, respectively, the activation switch 308 transmits its status information to the controller 1101, thereby obtaining an operator's control command for the power tool.
  • the controller 1101 detects that the start switch 308 is in the off state, the control switching element 1102 is in the off state, and the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is turned off.
  • the controller 1101 detects that the start switch 308 is in the closed state, the control switching element 1102 is in the closed state, and the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is closed.
  • the start switch 308 is replaced with a knob switch, the knob switch has a first state and a second state.
  • the controller 1101 controls the switch element 1102 to be in an off state, and the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104
  • the energy supply circuit is turned off; when the knob switch is in the second state, the controller 1101 controls the switching element 1102 to be in a closed state, and the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is closed.
  • the start switch is a trigger member having a trigger state and a release state, and when the trigger member is in the release state, the controller 1101 controls the switch element 1102 to be in an off state, and the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is provided. Disconnected; when the trigger member is in the triggered state, the controller 1101 controls the switching element 1102 to be in a closed state, and the energy supply circuit of the energy supply unit 112 to the motor 104 is closed.
  • connection structure between the chain saw tool body 500, the pruning shear tool body 600, and any other tool body can refer to the connection structure between the power unit 100 and the blower tool body 300.
  • the mechanical connection between the power unit 100 and the tool body includes work The mechanical connection of the housing 302 to the main housing 102 and the connection between the motor 104 of the power unit 100 and the working component 304 of the tool body.
  • the tool housing 302 is provided with a first mounting portion 316, and the main housing 102 is provided with a second mounting portion 120.
  • the first mounting portion 316 and the second mounting portion 120 are selectively mateable with each other.
  • the main housing 102 is supported by the tool housing 302, and the tool housing 302 is relatively immovably fixed to the main housing 102.
  • FIG. 10 a preferred embodiment in which the first mounting portion 316 and the second mounting portion 120 cooperate with each other is shown.
  • the first mounting portion 316 includes a first abutting surface 318 disposed on the inner side of the tool housing 302 , a buckle 320 disposed outside the tool housing 302 , a button 322 that triggers the buckle 320 , and a guiding slot 324 that serves as a guide. Pressing the button 322 can cause the buckle 320 to be in a released state or a locked state.
  • the second mounting portion 120 includes a second abutting surface 122 , a lug 124 , and a guide rail 126 disposed outside the main housing 102 .
  • the position and number of the lugs 124 match the position and number of the snaps 320.
  • the position and number of the guide rails 126 match the position and number of the guide grooves 324.
  • the first abutting surface 318 and the second abutting surface 122 abut each other, the guide rail 126 is received in the guiding slot 324, and the buckle 320 is locked, thereby locking
  • the lug 124 is such that the tool housing 302 is relatively immovably fixed to the main housing 102.
  • the button 322 is pressed to cause the buckle 320 to be in the released state. Subsequently, the guide rail 126 of the power unit 100 is aligned with the guide groove 324 of the tool body, and the power unit 100 is pushed in the longitudinal direction of the guide groove 324 to approach the tool body to reach the position shown in FIG. The power unit 100 is further pushed until the first abutting surface 318 and the second abutting surface 122 abut each other. Subsequently, the button 322 is released to bring the buckle 320 into a locked state, so that the tool housing 302 and the main housing 102 are mounted to a state as shown in FIG. In the state shown in FIG. 12, the main casing 102 is partially housed in the tool casing 302. Preferably, at least 1/3 of the main casing 102 is received in the first mounting portion 316 of the tool housing 302. This structure makes the installation between the power unit 100 and the tool body more stable, and the center of gravity of the whole machine is more reasonable.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in Figures 10 to 12 is that the lug 124 is replaced by a projection 124', the button 322 is replaced by a knob 322', and the buckle 320 is replaced by The bump 320' is replaced.
  • the boss 124' is provided with a turn along the outer circumference of the main casing 102.
  • the rotation of the knob 322' causes the projection 320' to abut or not abut against the projection 124'.
  • the power unit 100 is locked to the tool body.
  • the power unit 100 is movable relative to the tool body.
  • the tool housing is provided with a trigger member such as a button 322 or a knob 322 ′, and a locking member such as a buckle 320 or a protrusion 320 ′;
  • the main housing 102 is provided with A locking member lug 124 or boss 124' that cooperates with the locking member.
  • the trigger member causes the locking member to be locked by the locking member to lock the power unit 100 to the tool body.
  • the triggering member has the locking member releasing the locked member, so that the power unit and the tool body are relatively movable.
  • the mechanical connection between the power unit 100 and the tool body also includes the connection between the motor 104 of the power unit 100 and the working member 304 of the tool body.
  • Powerplant 100 includes an output shaft 106 that is coupled to motor 104.
  • the tool body includes an input shaft 306 that is coupled to the working member 304.
  • a power transmission mechanism can be selectively disposed between the motor 104 and the output shaft 106 and between the working member 304 and the input shaft 306.
  • the power transmission mechanism is a gear structure. When no power transmission mechanism is provided between the motor 104 and the output shaft 106, the motor 104 is directly connected to the output shaft 106.
  • the working member 304 When no power transmission mechanism is provided between the working member 304 and the input shaft 306, the working member 304 is directly connected to the input shaft 306.
  • the connection of the motor 104 to the working member 304 is achieved by the connection between the input shaft 306 and the output shaft 106.
  • the connection between the output shaft 106 and the input shaft 306 is detachable.
  • the output shaft 106 of the power unit 100 is mechanically coupled to the input shaft 306 of the tool body.
  • the input shaft 306 is provided with a receiving groove
  • the output shaft 106 is provided with a protrusion.
  • the receiving slot is an internal spline 326 and the tab is an external spline 128.
  • the receiving groove and the protrusion may be other structures such as a square, a flange, and the like that are not matched.
  • the power unit 100 may be such that the output shaft of the working member 304 is parallel to the output shaft of the motor 104 or
  • the coincident tool body provides power, and may also power the tool body at which the output shaft of the working member 304 is angled with the output shaft of the motor 104.
  • the output shaft of the working components of the at least two tool bodies included in the power tool system are parallel or coincident with the output shaft of the motor 104.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a power tool system of another preferred embodiment.
  • the power unit 100 can provide motion for different types of tool bodies. force.
  • An improvement of the system is that the energy providing unit 112 includes a piggyback structure 130 through which the energy providing unit 112 can be carried by the piggyback structure 130.
  • the energy providing unit 112 also includes a flexible device 132.
  • the energy providing unit 112 is electrically and/or mechanically connected to other components of the power tool by the flexible device 132.
  • the power unit 100 may include only the motor 104.
  • the power unit 100 is detachably mounted to the tool body or detachably mounted to the energy providing unit 112 and supported by the tool body or the energy supply unit 112.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is directly electrically connected to the power device 100, and the energy supply unit 112 is connected to any one of the tool interfaces 306, 406, 506, 606 through the flexible device 132 to implement the power device.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is mechanically and/or electrically coupled to the tool body to transmit power to the tool body.
  • the energy providing unit 112 is coupled to any one of the tool interfaces 306, 406, 506, 606 by the flexible device 132 to effect mechanical and/or electrical connection of the energy providing unit 112 with the tool body.
  • the power unit 100 is directly connected to the tool body.
  • the energy providing unit 112 and the power unit 100 can achieve an indirect electrical connection through circuitry within the tool body.
  • the energy providing unit 112 and the power unit 100 can also achieve a direct electrical connection through the flexible device 132.
  • the power unit 100 may include only the motor 104 and the wiring board.
  • the power unit 100 is detachably mounted to the tool body or detachably mounted to the energy providing unit 112 and supported by the tool body or the energy supply unit 112.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is directly electrically connected to the power device 100, and the energy supply unit 112 is connected to any one of the tool interfaces 306, 406, 506, 606 through the flexible device 132 to implement the power device.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is mechanically and/or electrically coupled to the tool body to transmit power to the tool body.
  • the energy providing unit 112 is coupled to any one of the tool interfaces 306, 406, 506, 606 by the flexible device 132 to effect mechanical and/or electrical connection of the energy providing unit 112 with the tool body.
  • the power unit 100 is directly connected to the tool body.
  • the energy providing unit 112 and the power unit 100 can achieve an indirect electrical connection through circuitry within the tool body.
  • the energy providing unit 112 and the power unit 100 can also achieve a direct electrical connection through the flexible device 132.
  • the power unit 100 includes a motor 104 and an energy supply unit 112.
  • the backpack structure 130 can be disposed on the power unit 100 at this time.
  • the motor 104 is detachably mounted to the power unit 100 And supported by the power unit 100.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is directly electrically connected to the motor 104, and the power device 100 is connected to any one of the tool interfaces 306, 406, 506, 606 through the flexible device 132 to implement mechanical and/or electrical connection of the power device 100 with the tool body to the tool body. Passing power.
  • the power unit 100 in the present embodiment includes a motor 104, a wiring board, and an energy supply unit 112.
  • the backpack structure 130 can be disposed on the power unit 100 at this time.
  • the motor 104 is detachably mounted to and supported by the power unit 100.
  • the energy supply unit 112 is directly electrically connected to the motor 104, and the power device 100 is connected to any one of the tool interfaces 306, 406, 506, 606 through the flexible device 132 to implement mechanical and/or electrical connection of the power device 100 with the tool body to the tool body. Passing power.
  • a flexible buffer member is disposed between the output shaft 106 and the input shaft 306 to buffer the impact between the output shaft 106 and the input shaft 306, and the operation is stable.
  • the case where the start switch 308 is disposed on the tool housing includes the case where the start switch 308 is directly disposed on the tool housing, and also includes the case where the start switch 308 is indirectly disposed on the tool housing through the adapter member, and includes The start switch 308 is placed on the power tool by the adapter member.
  • the energy supply unit 112 of the present invention can provide a DC power source or an AC power source to the motor 104.
  • the energy supply unit 112 may be a battery pack, or an energy storage unit such as a super capacitor, or may be an integrated unit including an AC power line and an AC-DC conversion circuit.
  • the energy supply unit 112 may be an AC power line or an integrated unit including a DC power source and a DC-AC inverter circuit.
  • the circuit board of the present invention may include a hall detecting board or other detecting board that is included in the brushless motor. At this time, the circuit board is preferably disposed in the brushless motor.
  • the circuit board may also include at least one of the control circuit 110 or the identification unit 108.
  • the circuit board may also include at least two of the detection board or control circuit 110 or the identification unit 108 that is included in the brushless motor.
  • the powerplant 100 of the present invention may further include at least one of a motor and a wiring board, or the power unit 100 includes at least one of a motor and an energy supply unit.
  • the power unit of the present invention employs a long-life motor, such as a brushless motor, so that the performance of the motor can be maximized on a shared basis.
  • a long-life motor such as a brushless motor
  • the life of the battery pack is relatively free.
  • the life of the brush motor is short, and therefore, the present invention proposes that the battery pack is detachable from the main housing of the power unit.
  • the motor of the power unit is a normal motor
  • the motor of the present invention is a motor made of a special material, which can output a large power range when the rated power is constant, thereby making the tool body having a large difference in rated power,
  • the versatility of the power unit can also be achieved, further expanding the general range of the power unit.
  • the motor of the present invention is a brushless motor.
  • the motor of the present invention is preferably a motor with a high energy density, that is, the motor is smaller in the case of the same power output.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit of a fifth preferred embodiment.
  • the power unit in this embodiment is basically the same as the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • the improvement is that in the embodiment, the power unit may include only a motor and does not include a control circuit.
  • the motor is a brushless motor
  • a detection circuit board for detecting the position of the rotor is disposed in the motor. As defined in this embodiment, the detection circuit board does not belong to the control circuit.
  • the present invention also provides a power unit of a sixth preferred embodiment.
  • the power device in this embodiment is basically the same as the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • the improvement is that in the embodiment, the power device may include only the motor and the energy supply unit, and does not include the control circuit and the identification unit. .
  • the power device provided by the invention is detachably and selectively connected to the tool body of the following power tool to provide power thereto, pruning shears, grass cutters, hair dryers, lawn mowers, chain saws, high pressure cleaners, small Carts, ripper, snowplow, brush cutter, cultivator, leaf breaker, high branch saw, seeder, multi-function hoist.
  • the power unit provided by the present invention can also power the tool body of any other power tool.
  • the power tool with the lowest rated power is the minimum power power tool, and the power tool with the highest rated power is the maximum power power tool; the power tool with the lowest rated speed is the minimum speed power tool, and the motor with the highest rated speed The tool is the maximum speed power tool.
  • the rated speed of the power tool provided with the speed reducer refers to the output speed of the speed reducer at the rated power, and the rated speed of the power tool without the speed reducer refers to the output speed of the motor at the rated power.
  • the characteristic parameters of a typical power tool are shown in Table 1. According to the following parameters, the minimum power power tool is a pruning shear, the maximum power electric tool is a lawn mower and a chain saw, the minimum speed power tool is a pruning shear, and the maximum speed electric tool is a hair dryer.
  • the output power and output speed of the motor of the power unit must reach a certain range to provide power for the tool bodies of a plurality of different power tools. Therefore, the most basic requirement is that the motor output power range can cover the minimum power of the minimum power power tool output and the maximum power output of the power tool.
  • the motor output speed range can cover the maximum speed of the maximum speed power tool.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is required to be high, that is, the ratio of the output power of the motor to the input power is large, thereby chemistry of the DC power source can be It can convert more into mechanical energy than heat loss in the motor, thus prolonging the time for the power tool to work continuously after the energy supply unit is fully charged, also called single-pack working time.
  • the motor of the power unit has a high working efficiency within a certain range of output power and output speed.
  • the minimum value of the output power range is defined as a first preset power, and the maximum value is a second preset power.
  • the minimum value of the output speed range is defined as a first preset speed, and the maximum value is a second preset speed.
  • the power unit can alternatively power the tool body of the first power tool or the tool body of the second power tool.
  • the rated power of the first power tool is defined as a first rated power
  • the rated power of the second power tool is defined as a second rated power.
  • the power range formed by the first preset power and the second preset power must be greater than the first power rating and the second The power range of rated power.
  • the power unit is common to tool bodies for both mass-producers of the lawnmower and the blower.
  • the first rated power is 560w-600w
  • the second rated power is 800w
  • the difference between the first rated power and the second preset power is 200w-240w.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more. Since the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is small, more preferably, when the output power of the motor is between the first rated power and the second rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is as high as 80% or more. More Preferably, when the output power of the motor is between the first rated power and the second rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is as high as 82% or more.
  • the power device is generally used for a tool body of a power tool of a grass cutter, a hair dryer, a lawn mower, and a chain saw.
  • the first rated power is 560w to 600w
  • the second rated power is 1200w.
  • the difference between the rated power and the first rated power is 600w to 640w.
  • the operating efficiency of the motor is 75% or more. More preferably, when the output power of the motor is between the first rated power and the second rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is as high as 80% or more. More preferably, when the output power of the motor is between the first rated power and the second rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is as high as 82% or more.
  • the power device is generally used for a tool body of five kinds of power tools, such as a grass cutter, a hair dryer, a lawn mower, a chain saw, and a high pressure cleaner.
  • the first rated power is 450w
  • the second rated power is 1200w.
  • the difference between the second rated power and the first rated power is 750W.
  • the operating efficiency of the motor is 75% or more. More preferably, when the output power of the motor is between the first rated power and the second rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is as high as 80% or more. More preferably, when the output power of the motor is between the first rated power and the second rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is as high as 81% or more.
  • the power unit is common to the tool body of the mainstream product of the garden power tool, including all of the products in Table 1, in which case the first rated power and the second rated power are 300w and 1200w, respectively, first The difference between the rated power and the second rated power is 900W.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 75% or more. More preferably, in the design process of the motor, it is required to output power of 300w to 1200w, and at the same time, it is required to achieve high working efficiency in the power range, resulting in excessive cost of the motor.
  • the compromise is that in the general-purpose power tools, the efficiency of the high-powered power tools is guaranteed to reach a higher value, while the power of the smaller-powered power tools is at a relatively low value.
  • the motor designed for the power unit has an operating efficiency of 75% or more when the output power is 300w-400w, and the working efficiency is 82% or more when the output power is 560w-1200w.
  • the efficiency of the motor is about 70%, and when the output power is 560 w to 1200 W, the working efficiency is 82% or more.
  • the type of the tool body of the power tool common to the power unit may be different, and correspondingly, the first power rating and the second power rating are also different.
  • the difference between the second rated power and the first rated power may also be any other value, such as 700w, 800w, 1000w, and the like.
  • the first rated power may also be other values between 200w and 400w, such as 250w, 270w, 310w.
  • the second rated work The rate can also be other values between 1000w and 1600w, such as 1100w, 1400w.
  • the motor is designed based on the above design requirements.
  • motors such as a brush motor, a brushless motor, an outer rotor motor, and an inner rotor motor.
  • the motors of the above types were separately designed and selected.
  • Different types of motors correspond to different motor platforms.
  • Motor platforms are typically numbered by outer diameter dimensions and stack thickness dimensions. Wherein the outer diameter is the diameter of the outer circumference of the rotor.
  • the stack thickness is the dimension of the stator core along the axial direction of the motor.
  • the meaning of D6325 is that the outer diameter of the motor is 63mm, and the stack thickness of the motor is 25mm; the meaning of D6425 is that the outer diameter of the motor is 64mm, and the stack thickness of the motor is 25mm; the meaning of D6415 is that the outer diameter of the motor is 64mm. And the stack thickness of the motor is 15mm; the meaning of D5030 is that the outer diameter of the motor is 50mm, and the stack thickness of the motor is 30mm. Table 2 below shows the parameters of the five typical motors designed by the present invention.
  • the output power is different.
  • the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is more than 200w
  • the five motors can achieve a working efficiency higher than 75%.
  • the difference between the first rated power and the second rated power is 800w or more
  • the size range of the four brushless motors is 45mm-64mm for the outer diameter and 15mm-35mm for the stack.
  • the working efficiency of the three types of outer rotor brushless motors can reach more than 75%, and the size ranges of the three outer rotor brushless motors are :
  • the outer diameter is 45mm-64mm, and the stack thickness is 15mm-35mm.
  • the rated power of the target power tool based on the power unit is between 300W and 1200W, and the D5030 motor is selected.
  • the motor has a rated output of 1100w.
  • the rated output power of the motor refers to the power output value of the motor's maximum efficiency point.
  • the working efficiency is more than 75%; when the output power is between 400w and 2300w, the working efficiency is 78%.
  • the output torque interval defining the high efficiency of the motor is between the first preset torque and the second preset torque.
  • the five motors can achieve an efficiency higher than 75%.
  • the efficiency of the four types of brushless motors can reach more than 75%.
  • the size range of the four types of brushless motors is: the outer diameter is 45mm-64mm, stack thickness is 15mm-35mm.
  • the efficiency of the three types of outer rotor brushless motors can reach more than 75%.
  • the size ranges of the three outer rotor brushless motors are: The outer diameter is 45mm-64mm, and the stack thickness is 15mm-35mm.
  • the power unit is a detachable module that needs to be moved between different power tools, and some of the tools that cooperate with the power unit are hand-held power tools, these scenes require the power unit to be light in weight.
  • One of the core modules included in the power unit is the motor, and therefore, the weight of the motor is required to be light.
  • the preferred method is to increase the power density of the motor.
  • Power density refers to the ratio of the rated power of the motor to the weight. Since the material of the motor is substantially fixed, the method of increasing the power density of the motor is preferably to reduce the volume of the motor, or to increase the rated power of the motor with a certain volume. In the case of a certain volume, the outer diameter D of the rotor of the outer rotor brushless motor is larger than the outer diameter D of the rotor of the inner rotor brushless motor.
  • the outer rotor brushless motor has a power density greater than 2 w/g; more preferably, the motor has a power density greater than 2.6 w/g.
  • the above-mentioned motor in the present specification is also called an electric motor, that is, a motor that converts electric energy or other energy into mechanical energy, and the motor is named after the motor.
  • the output power of the motor (or motor) can reach more than 1200w or the output power of the motor is above the second preset power, and the volume of the motor is small, that is, in the case of reducing the volume or increasing the volume of the motor, the requirement is
  • the motor can output higher power, so that the ratio of power to volume of the motor or the ratio of power to mass of the motor is higher than that of an ordinary motor.
  • small-volume, high-power motors there has always been a technical problem that the industry has long been demanding but has not been met.
  • Small-volume, high-power motors in the case of the same output power, not only the small size and light weight of the motor itself, but when the motor is mounted on the power tool, the overall volume and mass of the power tool are reduced, especially when electric When the tool is a hand-held tool, the small size and light weight of the power tool will bring great convenience to the operator. Therefore, small-volume, high-power motors are becoming more and more popular. However, in existing motors, when the volume is relatively small, the rated power tends to be low.
  • the quality of the motor is also substantially fixed, about 400-500 g.
  • the motor can only withstand the centrifugal force generated by the rotation speed of less than 12,000 rpm when the mass is 400-500 g. Therefore, increasing the power by increasing the speed under this volume is a factor that will not be considered by the industry.
  • the embodiment provides a motor for a power tool, which can output higher power in a small volume, and the rated power of the working power is a ratio of the amount of P to the motor can reach 15.5 W/cm 3 .
  • the The rated power P of the motor is ⁇ 900w
  • the volume of the motor is v ⁇ 58cm 3 ; preferably, the P amount is ⁇ 1300w, the volume of the motor is v ⁇ 58cm 3 ; more preferably, the P amount is ⁇ 1300w, the motor
  • the volume v ⁇ 58 cm 3 understandably, since the material of the motor is basically fixed, when the volume of the motor is constant, the mass M of the motor is basically fixed.
  • the above-mentioned rated power P amount and volume ratio can also be expressed by another way, that is, the rated power of the working power is the ratio of the amount of P to the mass M of the motor can reach 2 W/g.
  • the rated power P of the motor is ⁇ 900w
  • the mass of the motor is M ⁇ 450g
  • the P amount is ⁇ 900w
  • the mass of the motor is M ⁇ 400g
  • the P amount is ⁇ 1300w
  • the mass of the motor is M ⁇ 400g.
  • a high power and small volume motor is described in the specific embodiment.
  • a motor is provided for the power tool, and the motor in this embodiment can be Outputs a large amount of power in a small volume.
  • the motor has the characteristics of light and flexible under the same power.
  • the overall volume of the power tool will be relatively small, and the corresponding quality will be lower, making the product more human. Chemical. Therefore, motors with small size and high power are becoming more and more popular.
  • the motor needs to be detachable between a variety of different power tools, such as the motor can be used on the pruning shears with rated power of 300w, the blower with rated power of 560-600w, and the grass with rated power of 800w.
  • the motor can be used on the pruning shears with rated power of 300w, the blower with rated power of 560-600w, and the grass with rated power of 800w.
  • Typical operating characteristics of typical power tools can be found in Table 1 in this manual.
  • the motor has the characteristics of small size, light weight and convenient disassembly.
  • the rated power P of the motor is increased by increasing the rotational speed N of the motor.
  • the rated rotational speed N of the motor of the present embodiment is ⁇ 12,000 rpm, and preferably, the rated rotational speed N of the motor is ⁇ 16,000 rpm. Understandably, when the rotational speed of the motor is increased, the centrifugal force of the motor is also increased. Conventional motors are prone to a series of problems due to the increase of the rotational speed, such as bearing failure, shaft breakage or magnetic tile falling off.
  • This example improves the structure of the existing motor, so that the motor can rotate at high speed, and the rated speed of the motor is ⁇ 12000 rpm or N amount ⁇ 16000 rpm, and the accumulated working life is at least 600 hours or more.
  • the motor has a rated speed N of ⁇ 12,000 rpm or N amount ⁇ 16,000 rpm, and the cumulative working life can reach more than 1000 hours.
  • the motor When the motor is used between the plurality of tool bodies described above, the motor is required to be detachably mounted to the plurality of power tools described above, and the first power tool and the second power tool are named here, and represent various types in Table 1 of the present specification.
  • the rated power of the first electric power tool is a first nominal power P f, the rated power of the second electric power tool as a second rated power PS, PS ⁇ Pf, the amount of the rated motor power P ⁇ PS, a first nominal power 300w ⁇ Pf ⁇ 1200w, the second rated power 300w ⁇ PS ⁇ 1200w.
  • the rated speed of the pruning shear is 1300 rpm, and the speed of the lawn mower is 5000-6000 rpm.
  • the rotational speed is 16,000 rpm, specifically, the rated rotational speed of other power tools, see Table 1 above in this specification.
  • the rated speed of the motor in this embodiment needs to match the speed of the power tool with the highest rated speed in the first power tool and the second power tool, or the rated speed of the motor needs to be greater than or equal to the first.
  • the highest rated speed of the power tool and the second power tool is the highest rated speed of the power tool and the second power tool.
  • the first power tool and/or the second power tool in this embodiment are further provided with a speed matching device to rotate the speed between the power tool and the motor. match.
  • the rotation speed matching device is at least one of a gear reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary gear reducer, a belt, and a timing belt.
  • the rotation speed matching device may further be an electronic control switch, and the electronic control switch changes the rotation speed of the motor by changing the input voltage or the input current of the motor, thereby matching the rotation speed of the motor with the rotation speed of the power tool.
  • the brushless motor Since the brushless motor has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, low noise, long life and simple ease of use with respect to the brush motor, the DC brushless motor is taken as an example in the embodiment, and the high power and small volume are used. The specific structure of the outer rotor brushless motor in the first preferred embodiment will be described in detail.
  • FIG. 17a is a perspective view of the motor 700a used in the embodiment.
  • the motor 700a includes a stator 701a and a rotor 702a rotatably sleeved on the outer circumference of the stator 701a.
  • the motor 700a further includes an end cover 705a at one end of the stator 701a.
  • the stator 701a is provided with a stator pass extending through the ends of the stator 701a in the axial direction.
  • the hole 7011a, the motor 700a further includes a rotating shaft 703a that passes through the stator through hole 7011a along the central axis of the stator 701a and is fixed to the rotor 702a.
  • the rotor 702a includes a barrel-shaped rotor body 7022a that is open at both ends.
  • the inner wall of the rotor body 7022a is circumferentially provided with a pole piece 704a.
  • the pole piece 704a is a permanent magnet.
  • the outer rotor diameter D ⁇ 55 mm, the stack length of the stator is L, L ⁇ 35 mm; preferably, the diameter of the rotor is 45 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 55 mm, the stator The stack length is 25 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 35 mm. More preferably, the diameter D of the rotor is 50 mm, and the stack length L of the stator is 30 mm.
  • the above-described pole piece 704a is fixed to the rotor body 7022a by means of bonding. Since the motor 700a is rotated at a high speed, the no-load rotation speed of the motor 700a reaches 12,000 rpm, or even as high as 16,000 rpm, and the centrifugal force of the pole piece 704a is large, so that the pole piece 704a is liable to fall off. In order to prevent the pole piece 704a from coming off, when the rotation speed of the motor 700a is higher, the effective bonding area between each of the pole piece 704a and the rotor body 7022a must be increased to secure the pole piece 704a and the rotor by increasing the bonding area. The adhesive force between the bodies 7022a.
  • the pole piece 704a In order to rotate the motor 700a at a high speed, the pole piece 704a does not fall off, and the larger the linear velocity V2 of the pole piece at the rated motor speed N of the motor, the larger the bonding area S of the pole piece 709a and the inner wall of the rotor. And S/V2 is greater than or equal to 6.4. Further, the linear velocity of the pole piece is V2 ⁇ 41.87 m / sec, and the effective bonding area of the pole piece is s ⁇ 272 mm 2 . Preferably, the pole piece has an effective area s ⁇ 243 mm 2 and the pole piece has a linear velocity V2 ⁇ 41.87 m / sec.
  • the number of the pole pieces 704a inside the rotor body is preferably as small as the motor 700 is the same volume, so that the corresponding bonding area of each piece of the pole pieces 704a is relatively large, and the magnetic poles Sheet 704a does not easily fall off.
  • the pole piece 704a is small, the working efficiency of the motor 700a and the torque output by the motor 700a are both affected, so that the output torque cannot meet the demand of the power tool, and the power supply is not properly applied, especially when the power supply is used.
  • the power tool has high requirements on the conversion efficiency of the motor.
  • the conversion efficiency of the motor is more than 75%.
  • the pole piece 704a of the motor must be more than 10 pieces. However, when the number of the pole pieces 704a is too large, the bonding area of the pole piece 704a is small and the pole piece 704 is easily detached under the same volume. In order to prevent the pole piece from falling off, the outer rotor diameter is within the allowable volume range of the motor 700a of the present embodiment.
  • the pole piece 704a does not exceed 20 pieces.
  • the diameter D of the rotor 702a of the motor 700a is set to 50 mm
  • the stack length L of the stator 701a is set to 30 mm
  • the number of pole pieces is set to 10 to ensure an effective pasting area of the pole piece 704a m ⁇ 272 mm 2 and the motor 700a
  • the working efficiency of the power P between 300w and 1200w is more than 75% when the motor is working.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is 80% or more.
  • the diameter D of the motor and the stack length L of the stator may be set to other values to ensure an effective pasting area, which will not be described herein.
  • the rotor 702a further includes an end cover 705a.
  • the end cover 705a is fixed to one end of the rotor body 7022a.
  • the end cover 705a includes a mating portion 7050a fastened to the rotor body 7022a and an end cap body 7052a provided with a first shaft hole 7051a.
  • the mating portion 7050a is coupled to the end cap body, and the end cap 705a rotates with the rotor 702a as the rotor 702a rotates.
  • the mating portion 7050a is specifically annular, and the mating portion 7050a is mated with the rotor body 7022a by an interference fit.
  • the mating portion 7050a may be coupled to the rotor body 7022a by other means. Fit, such as bonding, threading, or screwing.
  • the motor 700a During the operation of the motor 700a, the motor 700a itself and other peripheral structures, such as circuit boards, tend to have some heating problems. When the motor is hot, especially when the motor temperature exceeds a certain value, the pole pieces in the motor are demagnetized. , the motor is disabled and cannot be rotated. In order to better dissipate heat from the motor 700a itself or some other peripheral structure, the rotor 702a of the motor also includes a fan.
  • the fan includes a first fan for cooling the inside of the motor 700a
  • the first fan includes a blade 7071a
  • the blade 7071a is located between the end cap body 7052a and the mating portion 7050a.
  • the fixing portion 7050a is fixedly connected to the end cap body 7052a by the blade 7071a. It can be understood that the blade 7071a can also be extended outward from the end cap body 7052a. It should be noted that, in different motors, the end cover is arranged differently.
  • the motor power density when the rated power P of the motor is compared with the volume v of the motor, the motor volume v is only by the stator and The volume of the rotor body 7022a located outside the stator does not include the end cap 705a and the stator bracket 709a described above.
  • a side surface of the end cap body 7052a facing away from the mating portion 7050a is provided with a notch 7054a.
  • the notch 7054a is circumferentially disposed on the outer side of the first shaft hole 7051a, and can be lightened by the provision of the slot.
  • the quality of the end cap in motor 700a Preferably, the gap between the missing slots 7054a They are disposed at equal intervals to make the circumferential distribution of the end cap 705a uniform in mass. Avoiding noise during the rotation of the end cap 705a with the rotor due to uneven circumferential quality.
  • the gaps 7054a are equally spaced apart from each other on the outer side of the first shaft hole 7051a, and can be added in the circumferential direction corresponding to the light-weight missing slot. Or add balance mud or other materials to eliminate the noise caused by uneven circumferential quality during the rotation of the end cap.
  • the notch 7054a may also be disposed on a side of the end cap body 7052a facing the mating portion 7050a, and the slots 7054a are circumferentially spaced apart from each other.
  • the size and the size of the missing slot 7054a can be changed according to actual needs, and will not be described here.
  • the fan further includes a second fan 706a for cooling other components outside the motor 700a
  • the second fan 706a includes a fan body 7061a.
  • the fan body 7061a is provided with a functioning function corresponding to the rotating shaft 703a.
  • the fan body 7061a of the second fan 706a and the end cap body 7052a are formed to isolate the first fan.
  • a shielding surface of the second fan 706a It can be understood that other types of spacers may be disposed between the first fan and the second fan 706a for preventing the hot air inside the motor 700a from being continuously blown to other places by the second fan 706a, thereby affecting the cooling effect.
  • the above-described end cap 705a and the first fan may also adopt other configurations.
  • the end cap 705'a includes a mating portion (not shown) that is fastened to the rotor body 7022'a, and an end cap body 7052a' having a first shaft hole 7051'a, the end cap The body 7052'a and the mating portion are connected by a connecting surface 7053a' extending outward from the end cap body 7052'.
  • the end cover 705a' is provided with a slot 7055'a for allowing the wind generated by the first fan to be delivered to the inside of the motor 700'a. That is, the blades of the first fan (not shown) are not directly disposed on the end cap 705'a.
  • the stator 701a includes a stator armature (not shown) provided with a current coil, and the stator armature forms a magnetic field after being energized, and interacts with the pole piece 704a inside the rotor 702a to rotate the rotor 702a.
  • the motor 700a further includes a stator bracket 709a for mounting the motor 700a to the power tool.
  • the stator bracket 709a is fixedly connected to the power tool.
  • the stator bracket 709a can be fixedly connected to the main body of the power unit and fixedly connected to the power tool through the main housing.
  • the stator bracket 709a is tightly coupled to the stator 701a such that when the motor 700a After being mounted on the power tool, the tool head of the power tool is driven by the rotating shaft 703a to operate. Referring to FIG.
  • stator bracket 709a away from the stator 701a is fixed to the power tool, and the other end extends into the stator through hole 7011a of the motor stator 701a to form a hollow sleeve sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 703a.
  • stator holder 709a is fixed to the stator 701a by a hollow sleeve located inside the stator 701a. Since the rotating shaft 703a is tightly engaged with the rotor 702a, the rotor 702a drives the rotating shaft 703a to rotate under the action of the magnetic force to drive the tool head to work.
  • the stator holder 709a is made of an aluminum material, but the stator holder 709a is easily broken when rotating at a high speed. Therefore, in the embodiment, the stator holder 709a is adapted to be rotated at a high speed.
  • the stator bracket 709a can be made primarily of aerospace aluminum material.
  • the motor 700a further includes a bearing located outside the rotating shaft 703a for rotating the rotating shaft 703a relative to other fixed members of the motor 700a.
  • the bearing includes a first bearing 7081a between the stator bracket 709a and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 703a, and the first bearing 7081a is located at one end of the stator bracket 709a near the tool body for making the rotating shaft 703a relatively Rotating on the stator bracket 709a.
  • the bearing further includes a second bearing 7082a between the inner wall of the stator through hole of the stator 701a and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 703a.
  • the support of the rotating shaft 703a to the motor 700a is The single arm beam support, the second bearing 7082a needs to bear a large load from the motor 700a with respect to the structure supported by the double wall beam; in addition, the second bearing 7082a is limited by the volume between the stator 701a and the rotating shaft 703a, and second The bearing 7082a is generally small in volume; therefore, the bearing is more prone to bearing failure problems than the motor 700a at the time of low speed rotation and the motor supported by the double wall beam when the bearing is rotated at a high speed by the load.
  • the motor can be replaced by a double-walled beam-supported motor, that is, both ends of the rotating shaft 703a of the motor 700a are fixedly connected with the main casing or the tool body, but the double-walled beam support is further Increasing the volume or weight of the motor 700a, the volume and weight of the power unit in the other embodiments described above in this specification.
  • the second bearing 7082a is a double bearing.
  • the bearing comprises a bearing seat and a ball, and the bearing seat forms a raceway for rolling the ball.
  • the double bearing can be placed side by side in two sets of bearing seats having a single raceway and a single set of balls, or can have a double roll.
  • a retaining ring is further disposed between the two juxtaposed bearings to prevent mutual interference between the two parallel bearings.
  • the bearing in this embodiment can also be a multi-bearing. I will not repeat them here.
  • the second bearing 7082a in the present invention may be a needle bearing, and the axial direction of the needle and the axis of the shaft Parallel to the direction, the needle bearing has a larger bearing area relative to the ball bearing described above, and the load on the unit area is relatively small, so the risk of failure is reduced.
  • the volume of the bearing can be increased by changing the set position of the second bearing 7082a, making it suitable for use in high speed rotation.
  • Fig. 24a is a cross-sectional view of a motor 700"a employed in a second preferred embodiment at high power, small volume.
  • the motor 700"a includes a stator 701"a and a rotatably sleeved stator 701" circumferential outer rotor 702"a, the motor further includes an end cap 705"a at one end of the motor 700"a, the motor 700"a further including the stator bracket 709"a described above.
  • the third bearing 7082"a is located in the cavity formed by the inner wall of the rotor 702"a and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 703"a, and the third bearing 7082"a is located between the stator 701"a and the end cover 705". That is, between the end of the stator 701"a away from the stator bracket 709"a and the end cover 705"a, and the second bearing 7082"a fixes the third bearing 7082"a to the shaft through the provided bearing holder 710"a. 703"a outside.
  • the bearing holder 709"a can be fixed by an interference fit with the stator through hole 7011"a of the stator 701"a, the third bearing 7082"a bearing inner wall to the third The distance of the bearing outer wall of the bearing 7082"a is greater than the distance from the outer wall of the rotating shaft to the inner wall of the stator through hole 7011"a.
  • the end cap 705"a may be the same as the end cap 705a in the first embodiment described above.
  • the difference between the end cover 705a and the fixing manner of the stator bracket and the power tool may be the same as that of the high power and small volume of the stator bracket and the power tool in the first embodiment, or may be combined with the above-mentioned high power and small volume.
  • First embodiment stator bracket and electric machine Different ways of fixing is not limited here. Other structures and characteristics of the motor may be the same as those of the above-described high power, small volume first embodiment.
  • D5030 is an outer rotor brushless motor. This structure makes its power density higher than 2W/g, and its volume is further reduced due to its rotational speed of 15000 rpm to 16000 rpm. The power density was further increased to about 2.75 w/g as it was reduced to about 400 g.
  • the motor load speed refers to the output speed of the motor under the corresponding load condition.
  • the motor load speed of the pruning shears is included. Meaning: When the output power of the motor is 300w, the output speed of the motor is 15000 rpm to 15700 rpm.
  • Table 3 Typical operating characteristic parameters of each power tool when the power unit equipped with the D5030 motor is assembled to the tool body of different power tools.
  • the working efficiency of the motor and the load speed of the motor are different. Therefore, when the power unit is mounted on a power tool with different power ratings, when the motor is operated at rated power, the working efficiency of the motor is different from the load speed of the motor. See Table 3 for specific values.
  • the input power of the motor is correspondingly reduced, and when the motor operating efficiency is constant, the output power of the motor is also lowered.
  • the principle of mechanical deceleration is to reduce the output speed of the motor through the reduction gear, without reducing the input voltage or input current of the motor.
  • the motor input power will not decrease, and the output power of the motor will not decrease if the motor operating efficiency is constant.
  • each of the power tools has a large span of the output power of the motor. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, the difference between the maximum output power and the minimum output power exceeds 900 w.
  • the present invention is preferably decelerated by a reduction gear. According to different electric workers The difference between the rated rotational speed of the motor and the rated rotational speed of the motor is set to a deceleration device having a corresponding reduction ratio, and the deceleration of the deceleration device of each electric tool is as shown in Table 3.
  • the power unit may include an energy supply unit or may not include an energy supply unit.
  • the power, energy, and weight of the power unit including the energy supply unit and the power tool to which the power unit is attached will be described below with reference to Table 4.
  • the energy supply unit is a battery pack.
  • the battery pack has a voltage of 60V and a capacity of 2 Ah, that is, the energy provided by the battery pack is 120 Wh.
  • the weight of the power unit is 2 kg to 2.1 kg. Therefore, the power device has an energy-to-weight ratio of 57 Wh/kg to 60 Wh/kg. Since the selected motor is a D5030 motor and its rated power is 1100w, the ratio of the rated power to the weight of the power unit is 523W/kg ⁇ 550W/kg.
  • the weight and energy weight ratio and power weight of each power tool to which the power unit is mounted are shown in Table 4.
  • the weight of the whole machine refers to the weight of the power tool when the power unit is mounted on the power tool.
  • the energy-to-weight ratio of the whole machine refers to the ratio of the energy provided by the battery pack to the weight of the whole machine.
  • the power-to-weight ratio of the whole machine refers to the ratio of the rated power of the whole machine to the weight of the whole machine.
  • Table 4 shows the energy-to-weight ratio and power-to-weight ratio of each power tool when the battery pack is 120Wh.
  • the battery pack has a voltage of 60V and a capacity of 4 Ah. In other words, the battery pack provides 240Wh of energy.
  • the weight of the power unit is 2.7 Kg to 2.8 Kg. Therefore, the power-to-weight ratio of the power unit is 85.7 Wh/kg to 88.9 Wh/kg.
  • the selected motor is a D5030 motor with a rated power of 1100w, the ratio of the rated power to the weight of the power unit is 392.8W/kg to 407.4W/kg.
  • the weight and energy weight ratio and power weight of each power tool to which the power unit is mounted are shown in Table 5.
  • Table 5 shows the energy-to-weight ratio and power-to-weight ratio of each power tool when the battery pack is 240Wh.
  • the powerplant does not include an energy providing unit.
  • the weight of the power unit is 0.9Kg-1.1Kg. Since the selected motor is the D5030 motor, its rated power is 1100w, so the ratio of the rated power to the weight of the power unit is 1000W/kg ⁇ 1222.2W/kg.
  • the voltage, capacity, weight of the whole machine, and the energy-to-weight ratio of the whole machine and the power-to-weight ratio of the whole machine can be referred to the data in Table 4 and Table 5.
  • the 60V in the present invention refers to the voltage when the battery pack is fully charged, specifically the voltage when the lithium battery with a nominal voltage of 54V is fully charged, that is, the lithium battery with 15 nominal voltages of 3.6V/Cell is fully charged in series. After the voltage.
  • the 60V battery pack of the present invention includes 15 series lithium batteries, each of which has a nominal voltage of 3.6V.
  • the 60V battery pack of the present invention may also be composed of any other plurality of battery cells connected in series and in parallel.
  • the range of positive and negative fluctuations of the numerical values described in the present invention is in the range expressed by the numerical values, and the numerical values recited in the present invention include the numerical values themselves and Increase or decrease by 1%.
  • a power of 800W means any value between 760W and 840W.
  • the power unit does not include an energy supply unit.
  • the power unit and the energy supply unit are disposed separately from each other and directly coupled to the tool body to be combined into a complete power tool.
  • the tool body is respectively provided with a mating portion that is coupled to the power unit and a mating portion that is coupled to the energy supply unit. Two mating parts are set independently of each other The devices are independently coupled to the energy supply unit and the power unit.
  • FIG. 17 is a structural view showing a first preferred embodiment of the tool body 700 provided by the present invention.
  • the tool body 700 includes a tool housing 701, a functional component 706, and a first mating portion 702 and a second mating portion 704 disposed on the tool housing 701.
  • the first mating portion 702 is detachably coupled to the energy supply unit 712.
  • the second mating portion 704 is detachably coupled to the power supply unit 710.
  • the functional component 706 is a pruning component.
  • the functional component 706 can also be a blowing component, a blowing component, a grassing component, a mowing component, a swing component, a reciprocating component, a snow throwing component, Cleaning components, as well as execution components of any other power tool, etc.
  • the first mating portion 702 includes a first joint portion and a first electrical interface.
  • the first joint portion is mechanically coupled to the energy supply unit 712, and the first electrical interface is electrically connected to the energy supply unit 712.
  • the second mating portion 704 includes a second joint portion and a second electrical interface, the second joint portion is mechanically coupled to the power supply unit 710, and the second electrical interface is electrically connected to the power supply unit 710.
  • the first electrical interface includes a first positive terminal electrically connected to the positive electrode of the energy supply unit 712 and a first negative terminal electrically connected to the negative electrode of the energy supply unit 712
  • the second electrical interface includes electrically connecting to the first positive terminal a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal electrically connected to the first negative terminal.
  • the first electrical interface and the second electrical interface may be electrically connected directly or indirectly through a circuit in the tool body 700.
  • the first electrical interface comprises a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal
  • the second electrical interface comprises a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal.
  • the energy of the energy supply unit 712 flows into the power supply unit 710 through the first positive terminal and the second positive terminal in turn, and then flows back to the energy supply unit 712 through the second negative terminal and the first negative terminal in sequence.
  • the first electrical interface further comprises a first signal transmission terminal group
  • the second electrical interface further comprises a second signal transmission terminal group.
  • the first signal transmission terminal group and the second signal transmission terminal group respectively include at least one signal terminal.
  • the first signal transmission terminal group and the second signal transmission terminal group may directly or indirectly transmit signals.
  • the signal can be transmitted between the first signal transmission terminal group and the second signal transmission terminal group by wire, or can be transmitted wirelessly.
  • the first letter The terminal group includes two signal terminals, one terminal transmits a signal outward, and the other terminal receives an external signal.
  • the second signal terminal group includes two signal terminals, one terminal transmits a signal outward, and the other terminal receives an external signal.
  • the first mating portion 702 and the second mating portion 704 are independent of each other and are disposed apart from each other.
  • the extending direction of the tool housing 701 is defined as the X direction in the figure, and the direction perpendicular to the X direction is defined as the Y direction.
  • the distance between the first mating portion 702 and the second mating portion 704 in the X direction is less than 20 cm. Preferably, it is less than 10 cm. More preferably, it is less than 5 cm. More preferably, the distance is 0 cm.
  • the distance between the first mating portion 702 and the second mating portion 704 in the Y direction is less than 20 cm. Preferably, it is less than 10 cm.
  • the distance between the first mating portion 702 and the second mating portion 704 is determined by the distance in the X direction and the distance in the Y direction, and the distance values in the X direction listed above and the distance values in the Y direction can be arbitrarily combined.
  • the tool body 700 also includes an operating component 708.
  • the operating assembly 708 can be a component that is held or operated by a user during operation of the power tool, such as a handle, switch, or the like.
  • the first mating portion 702 and the second mating portion 704 are both disposed adjacent to the operating component 708.
  • FIG. 18 is a structural view of a second preferred embodiment of the tool body 700.
  • the structure of the tool body 700 is substantially the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, except that in the embodiment, the position of the first mating portion 702 on the tool housing 701 is close to the operation component 708.
  • the position of the second mating portion 704 on the tool housing 701 is close to the position set by the functional component 706.
  • the first mating portion 702 and the second mating portion 704 may both be disposed adjacent to the functional component 706, or the first mating portion 702 is disposed adjacent to the functional component 706, and the second mating portion 704 is adjacent to the operational component 708. Settings.
  • the present invention also provides a power tool including a tool body 700, an energy supply unit 712, and a power supply unit 710.
  • the power supply unit 710 includes a motor and a circuit board A that controls the operation of the motor.
  • the energy supply unit 712 includes a plurality of battery cells and a circuit board B that monitors discharge states of the plurality of battery cells.
  • a circuit board C that connects the electrical connection between the energy supply unit 712 and the power supply unit 710 is disposed in the tool housing 701.
  • the motor in this embodiment can be the motor described in the foregoing section of the present specification.
  • the circuit board A controls the operation of the motor, such as speed regulation, steady speed, forward and reverse, Reverse self-stop, forward rotation, self-stop, pulse function, etc.; circuit board B monitors the discharge state of a plurality of battery cells, such as detecting the voltage of the battery unit, the package voltage of the energy supply unit 712, the temperature, the discharge current, etc.; The discharge process of the energy supply unit 712 is controlled, such as overcurrent protection, overdischarge protection, overtemperature protection, and the like.
  • the circuit board C does not have any control function, only electrically connects the circuit board A and the circuit board B; the circuit board A controls the operation of the motor, and controls the discharging process of the energy supply unit 712; the circuit board B Monitor the discharge status of multiple battery cells.
  • the circuit board A detects the operating state of the motor, such as the rotational speed, phase, etc.; the circuit board B monitors the discharge state of the plurality of battery cells; the circuit board C controls the operation of the motor and the discharging process of the energy supply unit 712 .

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Abstract

一种电机(700a)，用于电动工具，所述电机(700a)包括定子(701a)、相对于定子(701a)可转动的转子(702a)、固定于电机(700a)内部的磁极片(704a)、转轴(703a)以及用于将定子(701a)固定于电动工具的定子支架(709a)，所述电机(700a)在通电后产生磁场并与所述磁极片(704a)相互作用使转子(702a)转动，所述转轴(703a)与所述的转子(702a)固定连接，并随所述转子(702a)一起转动，以带动电动工具的工作部件执行相关工作，所述电机(700a)的体积为v，所述电机(700a)工作时的功率为P，电机(700a)的额定功率为P 额，所述电机(700a)的额定功率P 额与电机(700a)的体积v的比为k，k≥16.5w/cm 3。提高了电机的功率密度。

Description

一种电机以及电动工具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机，尤其是一种用于带动电动工具工作的电机。
本发明还涉及一种电动工具，尤其是一种具有带动电动工具工作的电机的电动工具。
本发明涉及一种工具主体。本发明还涉及一种电动工具。
背景技术
在现有的安装于电动工具的电机结构中，当电动工具的额定功率在900w以上时，由于电机功率P，P＝K*D2*L*N，其中K为常数。D为电机的转子直径、L为电机的定子的叠长，N为电机的转速。由该公式可知，增大转速、叠厚、或外径中的任何一个，即可增大马达的功率输出。由于电机的转速N提高后，电机所受离心力较大，在较大的离心力作用下，电机容易出现较多问题，如电机的轴承失效、断裂等。因此，现有技术中通过增大电机的电机的体积来提高转速，在功率达到900w左右时，电机转子的直径D大概在60mm以上，定子叠长L大概在40mm以上。因此，单位体积内或单位重量下电机的功率比较低，也即，电机的功率密度比较低。这样，不仅使电机自身的体积大、重量高，当将电机安装于电动工具或其他一些工具、设备时，会使相应的电动工具或其他一些工具的体积以及重量均比较大。尤其是当这些工具为手持工具时，因工具的体积较大且工具质量比较重，给操作者带来了极大的不方便。
传统的电动工具包括工作部件，马达，传动机构，启动开关，控制电路，能量提供单元等，闭合启动开关，能量提供单元与马达之间的回路接通，控制电路控制马达开始转动，传动机构将马达的转动传递给工作部件，执行相应的工作。其中，当能量提供单元为电池包时，电池包可拆卸地与电动工具连接。
传统的电动工具存在的问题是，每一种电动工具均需设置马达、能量提供单元、控制电路等模块。当一个用户购买N种不同的电动工具时，其付出的成本相当于N个马达，N个控制电路，N个能量提供单元，N个工作部件的成本的总和。但通常情况下，用户在某一时刻仅使用一种电动工具，使得 其他N-1种电动工具闲置，即其他N-1个马达，N-1个控制电路、N-1个能量提供单元均处于闲置状态。此种现状极大地降低了用户的投入产出比。基于此，提出开发一种新型的电动工具，将马达、控制电路做成一个可通用的部件，该部件可通用于多种不同的电动工具，从而提高马达、控制电路的使用率，进而提高用户的投入产出比。
为实现上述马达在不同电动工具之间的通用，最大的困难在于，不同电动工具的功率、转速、扭矩、效率等要求各不相同，马达如何在不同的功率、转速、扭矩下实现高效率，如何兼顾最小功率的工具对马达的工作效率要求的同时，实现在最高功率的工具上工作时，保证马达不烧机等问题，如何满足不同工具要求的最大转速与最小转速。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种电机，电机在单位体积体积或单位质量下可输出较高的功率。
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明还提供一种电机，用于电动工具，所述电机包括定子、相对于定子可转动的转子、转轴以及用于将定子固定于电动工具的定子支架，所述电机在通电后产生磁场，所述转子在磁场的作用下转动，所述转轴与所述的转子固定连接，并随所述转子一起转动，以带动电动工具的工作部件执行相关工作，所述电机的体积为v，所述电机工作时的功率为P，电机的额定功率为P额，所述电机的额定功率P额与电机的体积v的比为k，k≥16.5w/cm3。
优选的，所述电机的额定功率960w≤P额≤1440w，所述电机的体积58cm3≤v≤83.1cm3。
优选的，所述电机的额定功率P额为1200w。
优选的，所述电机为外转子电机。
优选的，所述转子包括两端开口的呈筒状的转子本体，所述转子本体的内壁上设有磁极片，所述转子本体套设于所述定子外部，且所述转子本体的外径为D，45mm≤D≤55mm；所述定子包括轴向贯通定子内部的定子通孔，且所述定子的叠长为L，25mm≤L≤35mm；所述转轴贯穿定子通孔并与所述转子本体固定连接；所述电机的额定功率960w≤P额≤1440w。
优选的，所述转子本体的直径D为50mm，所述定子的叠长L为30mm。
优选的，所述电机工作时转速为N，电机额定转速为N额，12800转/分≤N额≤19200转/分。
优选的，所述电机在工作时转速12800转/分≤N额≤19200转/分，电机的累计工作寿命为t，1000小时≤t≤1500小时。
优选的，所述电机为无刷电机。
优选的，所述定子支架的一端与所述定子固定连接，另一端与电动工具连接，用以通过定子支架将电机固定于电动工具，所述电机还包括设置于转轴外侧的轴承，所述轴承包括位于定子支架和转轴外壁之间的第一轴承，且所述第一轴承靠近定子支架与电动工具固定的一端。
优选的，所述转轴贯穿所述定子支架的两端，所述定子支架远离定子的一端固定于所述电动工具，并由该端沿着定子通孔向定子通孔内部延伸形成套设于所述转轴外侧的中空套管，所述定子支架通过位于所述定子通孔内的中空套管与所述定子固定，所述的第一轴承位于转轴外壁和套设于转轴上的中空套管的内壁之间。
优选的，所述定子支架的成分包括航空铝材料。
优选的，所述轴承包括位于定子通孔内壁与转轴外壁之间的第二轴承，所述第二轴承用以使转轴可相对于定子转动。
优选的，所述第二轴承由两个以上并列的轴承组成。
优选的，所述第二轴承由两个并列滚珠轴承组成，所述两个并列的滚珠轴承之间设有挡圈，用以防止两个并列轴承之间相互干涉。
优选的，所述第二轴承为滚针轴承，且所述滚针的轴向与转轴的轴向相平行。
优选的，所述转子还包括位于转子本体一端的端盖，且所述端盖固定于转子本体远离定子支架的一端，所述电机还包括位于转子通孔内壁和转轴外壁所形成空腔中的第三轴承，且所述第三轴承位于所述定子远离定子支架的一端与端盖之间。
优选的，所述第三轴承内壁至第三轴承外壁的距离大于等于转轴外壁至定子通孔内壁的距离。
优选的，所述第三轴承通过与所述定子紧固配合的轴承固定架进行固定。
优选的，所述定子包括设有通电线圈的定子电枢，所述定子电枢在通电 后产生磁场并通过磁场与所述磁极片相互作用使电机转动，所述磁极片的数量大于等于10片。
优选的，所述电机的输入功率为P1，电机的输出功率为P2，电机的效率为η，η＝P2/P1，当电机工作时的输出功率300w≤P≤1200w时，η≥75％。
优选的，所述电机功率500w≤P≤1200w时，所述电机的效率为η≥80％。
优选的，所述磁极片在电机额定转速N额下对应的线速度V2越大，则所述磁极片和转子内壁的粘贴面积S越大，且S/V2大于等于6.4，以增大磁极片和转子内壁之间的粘接力。
优选的，所述磁极片的数量为n1，n1≤20。
优选的，所述磁极片的数量n1为10，磁极片的线速度V2≤41.87米/秒，且所述磁极片的有效粘贴面积s≥272平方毫米。
优选的，所述电机可拆卸的安装于至少两种电动工具，分别为第一电动工具以及第二电动工具，所述第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率Pf，第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率Pf，PS≥Pf，所述电机的额定功率P额≥PS。
优选的，所述第一额定功率Pf为300w至1200之间，所述第二额定功率PS为300w至1200w之间，当所述Pf≤P≤PS时，所述电机的工作效率为75％以上。
优选的，所述电机包括定子以及可相对于定子转动的转子，所述转子包括磁极片，所述定子包括定子电枢，所述电机在通电后，所述定子电枢产生磁场与所述的磁极片相互作用使转子转动，所述磁极片的数量为10片以上。
优选的，所述电机为外转子电机，所述转子包括呈两端开口的筒状的转子本体，所述转子本体套设于所述定子的外部，所述磁极片位于转子本体的内壁上，且所述磁极片的数量不超过20片。
优选的，所述第一电动工具和/或第二电动工具上设有转速匹配装置，用以使电机的转速和电动工具的转速相匹配。
优选的，所述转速匹配装置为齿轮减速器、蜗杆减速器、行星齿轮减速器、皮带以及同步带中的至少一种。
优选的，所述转速匹配装置为电子控制开关，所述电子控制开关通过降低电机的输入电压或输入电流使电机的转速降低，进而使电机转速和电动工 具的转速相匹配。
本发明还提供一种电机，所述电机包括定子、相对于定子可转动的转子、固定于电机内部的磁极片、转轴以及用于将定子固定于电动工具的定子支架，所述电机在通电后产生磁场并与所述磁极片相互作用使转子转动，所述转轴与所述的转子固定连接，并随所述转子一起转动，以带动电动工具的工作部件进行工作，所述电机的质量为M，所述电机工作时的输出功率为P，电机的额定功率为P额，所述电机的额定功率P额与所述电机的质量M的比为ρ，ρ≥2.4w/g。
优选的，所述电机工作时允许输出功率960w≤P额≤1440w，所述电机的质量350≤M≤450g。
本发明还提供一种电动工具，所述电动工具包括工具壳体、由工具壳体支撑的工作部件、握持手柄以及上述的电机，所述电机用于带动电动工具的工作部件执行相关工作。
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种能为不同的电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置。
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明的技术方案如下：一种动力装置，可以为电动工具的工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置包括，主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板；所述主壳体能够与所述工具壳体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
优选的，所述动力装置还包括为马达提供能量的能量提供单元，所述能量提供单元包括背负结构，通过背负结构可将能量提供单元背负于操作者后背。
优选的，所述能量提供单元还包括柔性装置，柔性装置连接于工具壳体或主壳体使得所述能量提供单元与所述马达电性连接。
优选的，所述线路板包括识别单元和控制单元，所述识别单元识别与所述动力装置安装的工具主体的类型，并生成与工具主体类型相对应的信号发送给控制电路；所述控制电路，根据识别单元传递的信号控制马达输出与工具主体类型相匹配的旋转运动。
优选的，所述动力装置的额定输出功率为200w至2500w之间的某一个 数值。
优选的，所述动力装置还包括为马达提供能量的能量提供单元，所述能量提供单元可拆卸地被所述主壳体支撑。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以为电动工具的工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置包括，主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述工具壳体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种电动工具，包括工具主体和动力装置，所述动力装置为所述工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置包括，主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板；所述主壳体能够与所述工具壳体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
优选的，所述电动工具还包括为马达提供能量的能量提供单元，所述能量提供单元包括背负结构，通过背负结构可将能量提供单元背负于操作者后背。
优选的，所述能量提供单元还包括柔性装置，柔性装置连接于工具壳体或主壳体使得所述能量提供单元与所述马达电性连接。
优选的，所述线路板还包括识别单元和控制电路，所述识别单元识别与所述动力装置安装的工具主体的类型，并生成与工具主体类型相对应的信号发送给控制电路；所述控制电路，根据识别单元传递的信号控制马达输出与工具主体类型相匹配的旋转运动。
优选的，所述工具主体还包括由所述工具壳体支撑的握持手柄，所述工作部件由所述马达驱动时，所述握持手柄由操作者握持。
优选的，所述电动工具还进一步包括启动开关，当所述工具壳体与所述主壳体分离时，闭合所述启动开关，所述马达与所述能量提供单元之间无法形成闭合回路，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，闭合所述启动开关，所述马达与所述能量提供单元之间形成闭合回路。
优选的，所述动力装置的额定输出功率为200w至2500w之间的某一个数值。
优选的，所述电动工具还包括为马达提供能量的能量提供单元，所述能量提供单元可拆卸地被所述主壳体支撑或所述工具壳体支撑。
本发明还提供一种电动工具，包括工具主体和动力装置，所述动力装置为所述工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置包括，主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述工具壳体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，包括动力装置和至少两种工具主体，所述动力装置能够为所述至少两种工具主体提供动力，所述至少两种工具主体中的每一种工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置包括，主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板；所述主壳体能够与所述工具壳体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
优选的，所述电动工具包括能量提供单元，所述能量提供单元包括背负结构，通过背负结构可将能量提供单元背负于操作者后背。
优选的，所述能量提供单元还包括柔性装置，柔性装置连接于工具壳体或主壳体使得所述能量提供单元与所述马达电性连接。
优选的，所述线路板包括识别单元和控制电路，所述识别单元识别与所述动力装置安装的工具主体的类型，并生成与工具主体类型相对应的信号发送给控制电路；所述控制电路，根据识别单元传递的信号控制马达输出与工具主体类型相匹配的旋转运动。
优选的，所述工具主体还包括由所述工具壳体支撑的握持手柄，所述工作部件由所述马达驱动时，所述握持手柄由操作者握持。
优选的，所述电动工具还进一步包括启动开关，当所述工具壳体与所述主壳体分离时，闭合所述启动开关，所述马达与所述能量提供单元之间无法形成闭合回路，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，闭合所述启动开关，所述马达与所述能量提供单元之间形成闭合回路。
优选的，所述动力装置的额定输出功率为200w至2500w之间的某一个数值。
优选的，所述电动工具包括能量提供单元，所述能量提供单元可拆卸地 被所述主壳体支撑。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，包括动力装置和至少两种工具主体，所述动力装置能够为所述至少两种工具主体提供动力，所述至少两种工具主体中的每一种工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置包括，主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述工具壳体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具壳体时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以为电动工具的工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置由主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板组成；所述动力装置能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地连接，当所述动力装置与所述工具主体连接时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以为电动工具的工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置由主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达组成；所述动力装置能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地连接，当所述动力装置与所述工具主体连接时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种电动工具，包括工具主体和动力装置，所述动力装置为所述工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置由主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板组成；所述动力装置能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地连接，当所述动力装置与所述工具主体连接时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种电动工具，包括工具主体和动力装置，所述动力装置为所述工具主体提供动力，所述工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置由主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达组成；所述动力装置能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地连接，当所述动力装置与所述工具主体连接时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，包括动力装置和至少两种工具主体，所述动力装置能够为所述至少两种工具主体提供动力，所述至少两种工具主体中的每一种工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部 件；所述动力装置由主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板组成；所述动力装置能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地连接，当所述动力装置与所述工具主体连接时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，包括动力装置和至少两种工具主体，所述动力装置能够为所述至少两种工具主体提供动力，所述至少两种工具主体中的每一种工具主体包括，工具壳体，以及由所述工具壳体支撑的工作部件；所述动力装置由主壳体，由所述主壳体支撑的马达和线路板组成；所述动力装置能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地连接，当所述动力装置与所述工具主体连接时，所述工作部件可由所述马达驱动。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，至少可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体可拆卸地安装于第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，所述第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率，所述第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率，第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值为200W以上，当所述主壳体安装于所述第一电动工具的工具主体时，所述第一电动工具的工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上；当所述主壳体安装于所述第二电动工具的工具主体时，所述第二电动工具的工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值为800w以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率为200W至400W之间，第二额定功率为1000W至1400W之间。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，至少可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具主体时，所述工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的输出功率为第一预设功率至第二预设功率之间时，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上，第一预设功率与第二预设功率的差值为200W以上。
可选的，所述第一预设功率大于350W，所述第二预设功率小于2500W。
可选的，所述第一预设功率大于400w，第二预设功率小于2300w时，马达的工作效率为78％以上。
可选的，所述马达的输出功率为600w至800w之间时，马达的工作效率为80％以上。
可选的，所述马达为外转子无刷电机。
可选的，所述外转子无刷电机的转子外径为45mm～64mm，定子叠厚为15mm～35mm。
可选的，所述外转子无刷电机的转子外径为45mm-55mm，定子叠厚为25mm-35mm。
可选的，所述马达的空载转速为15000转/分～16000转/分之间。
可选的，所述马达的重量为350g～450g之间。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，其特征在于，所述电动工具系统至少包括第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，以及可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置；所述第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率，所述第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率，第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值为200W以上；当所述主壳体安装于所述第一电动工具的工具主体时，所述第一电动工具的工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上；当所述主壳体安装于所述第二电动工具的工具主体时，所述第二电动工具的工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，所述电动工具系统至少包括第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，以及可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置；当所述主壳体安装于所述工具主体时，所述工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的输出功率为第一预设功率至第二预设功率之间时，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上，第一预设功率与第二预设功率的差值为200W以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率为560w～600w之间，所述动力装置安装到第一电动工具的工具主体上时，所述马达的工作效率为82％以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率为400w-500w之间，所述动力装置安装到第一电动工具的工具主体上时，所述马达的工作效率为82％以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率为750w-850w，所述动力装置安装到第一电动工具的工具主体上时，所述马达的工作效率为84％以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率为1100w-1300w，所述动力装置安装到第一电动工具的工具主体上时，所述马达的工作效率为85％以上。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以至少择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体可拆卸地安装于第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，所述马达的输出扭矩为第一预设扭矩至第二预设扭矩之间时，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上，第一预设扭矩与第二预设扭矩的差值为0.5NM以上。
可选的，所述马达的输出扭矩为0.2NM～2NM之间时，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上。
可选的，所述马达的输出扭矩为0.25NM～1.8NM之间时，所述马达的工作效率为78％以上。
可选的，所述马达为外转子无刷电机。
可选的，所述外转子无刷电机的转子外径为45mm～64mm之间，定子叠厚为15mm～35mm之间。
可选的，所述外转子无刷电机的转子外径为45mm-55mm之间，定子叠厚为25mm-35mm之间。
可选的，所述马达的空载转速为15000转/分～16000转/分之间。
可选的，所述马达的重量为350g～450g之间。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，其特征在于，所述电动工具系统至少包括第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，以及可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置；所述动力装置为如权利要求19-26任意一项所述的动力装置。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，至少可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体可拆卸地安装于第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，所述第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率，所述第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率，第一额 定功率与第二额定功率不相同，所述马达为外转子无刷电机。
可选的，所述第一额定功率和第二额定功率的差值为200W以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率和第二额定功率的差值为800W以上。
可选的，所述第一额定功率为200W至400W之间，第二额定功率为1000W至1400W之间。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以至少择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具主体时，所述工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的输出扭矩为第一预设扭矩至第二预设扭矩之间，第一预设扭矩与第二预设扭矩不相同，所述马达为外转子无刷电机。
可选的，所述第一预设扭矩与所述第二预设扭矩的差值为0.5NM以上。
可选的，所述马达的输出扭矩为0.2NM～2NM之间时，所述马达的工作效率为75％以上。
可选的，所述马达的输出扭矩为0.25NM～1.8NM之间时，所述马达的工作效率为78％以上。
可选的，所述马达为外转子无刷电机。
可选的，所述外转子无刷电机的转子外径为45mm～64mm之间，定子叠厚为15mm～35mm之间。
可选的，所述马达的空载转速为15000转/分～16000转/分之间。
可选的，所述马达的重量为350g～450g之间。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，其特征在于，所述电动工具系统至少包括第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，以及可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置；所述动力装置为如权利要求28-39任意一项所述的动力装置。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以至少择一地为两种电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述电动工具的工具主体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述电动工具的工具主体时，所述电动工具的工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的重量为350g～450g之间。
可选的，所述马达的空载转速为15000转/分～16000转/分之间。
可选的，所述马达的输出功率与重量的比值大于2.6w/g。
可选的，所述动力装置进一步包括储能单元，所述储能单元的电压为60V以上。
可选的，所述动力装置的重量为2Kg～2.1Kg，所述动力装置的额定输出功率与重量的比值为523w/Kg～550w/Kg。
可选的，所述动力装置的重量为2Kg～2.1Kg，所述动力装置的输出能量与重量的比值为57Wh/kg～60Wh/kg。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，其特征在于，所述电动工具系统至少包括两种电动工具的工具主体，以及可以至少择一地为两种电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置，所述动力装置为如前所述的动力装置。
本发明还提供一种动力装置，可以至少择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力，其特征在于，所述动力装置包括，主壳体，以及由所述主壳体支撑的马达；所述主壳体能够与所述工具主体可拆卸地安装，当所述主壳体安装于所述工具主体时，所述工具主体由所述马达驱动，所述马达的空载转速为10000转/分以上。
可选的，所述马达的空载转速为15000～16000转/分之间。
可选的，所述马达的重量低于500g。
本发明还提供一种电动工具系统，其特征在于，所述电动工具系统至少包括第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体，以及可以择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力的动力装置，所述动力装置为如前所述的动力装置。
可选的，所述第一电动工具的额定转速为第一预设转速，所述第二电动工具的额定转速为第二预设转速，所述第一预设转速与所述第二预设转速的差值为7000转/分以上。
可选的，所述第一电动工具的工具主体包括减速箱，所述减速箱的输入端与马达的输出轴连接，所述减速箱将马达的输出转速转换为适合所述第一电动工具输出的转速，所述第二电动工具的输出转速与马达的输出转速基本相同。
可选的，所述第一电动工具为修枝剪，所述减速箱的减速比为12:1～13:1； 或所述第一电动工具为打草机，所述减速箱的减速比为2.3:1～3:1；或所述第一电动工具为割草机，所述减速箱的减速比为4.4:1～5.2:1；或所述第一电动工具为链锯，所述减速箱的减速比为2：1～6:1；或所述第一电动工具为高压清洗机，所述减速箱的减速比为4.5:1～6.4:1。
可选的，所述第一电动工具的工具主体包括具有第一减速比的第一减速箱，所述第二电动工具的工具主体包括具有第二减速比的第二减速箱，所述第一减速比以及所述第二减速比为下列比值中的任意一个：12:1～13:1，或2.3:1～3:1，或4.4:1～5.2:1，或2：1～6:1，或4.5:1～6.4:1。
附图说明
图1是一较佳实施方式的电动工具系统的结构图；
图2是图1所示动力装置第一较佳实施方式的结构示意图；
图3是图1所示动力装置第二较佳实施方式的结构示意图；
图4是图1所示动力装置第三较佳实施方式的结构示意图；
图5是图1所示动力装置第四较佳实施方式的结构示意图；
图6是图4所示动力装置识别工具主体的类型的第一较佳实施方式的示意图；
图7是图4所示动力装置识别工具主体的类型的第二较佳实施方式的示意图；
图8是图1所示动力装置与工具主体的电性连接的第一较佳实施方式的示意图；
图9是图1所示动力装置与工具主体的电性连接的第二较佳实施方式的示意图；
图10是图1所示动力装置与工具主体的连接结构的一较佳实施方式的示意图；
图11是图10所示动力装置与工具主体处于安装的过程中的示意图；
图12是图10所示动力装置与工具主体安装完毕的示意图；
图13是图1所示动力装置与工具主体的电性连接的第四较佳实施方式的示意图；
图14是图1所示动力装置与工具主体的连接结构的另一较佳实施方式的示意图；
图15是图14所示动力装置与工具主体安装完毕的示意图；
图16是一较佳实施方式的电动工具系统的结构图；
图17是本发明提供的工具主体的第一较佳实施例的结构图；
图18是本发明提供的工具主体的第二较佳实施例的结构图；
图19是本发明提供的电动工具的第三较佳实施例的结构图；
图17a为大功率、小体积下第一较佳实施方式中电机的立体图；
图18a为图17a的剖视图；
图19a为图17a所示电机的转子本体的立体图；
图20a为图17a所示电机的端盖的立体图；
图21a为缺槽设置于端盖其他位置时的端盖的结构示意图；
图22a为图17a所示电机的第二风扇立体图；；
图23a为第一风扇未设置于端盖上时电机的部分结构示意图；
图24a为大功率、小体积下第二较佳实施方式中结构示意图；
图25a为第二轴承为滚针轴承时电机的结构示意图。
100动力装置                      1121第三壳体
102主壳体                        114按压开关
1022收容部                       116第三节点
104马达                          118第四节点
106输出轴                        120第二安装部
108识别单元                      122第二抵靠面
1080处理电路                     124突耳
1082第一霍尔元件                 124’突台
1084第二霍尔元件                 126导轨
1086第三霍尔元件                 128外花键
1088第四霍尔元件                 130背负结构
110控制电路                      132柔性装置
1101控制器                       300吹吸机工具主体
1102开关元件                     301,401,501,601握持手柄
112能量提供单元                  302,402,502,602工具壳体
304,404,504,604工作部件          710动力提供单元
306,406,506,606工具接口          712能量提供单元
306输入轴                        700a,700’a,700”a电机
308,115启动开关                  701a定子
310磁铁                          7011a,7011”a通孔
312第一节点                      702a,702’a转子
314第二节点                      7022a,7022’a转子本体
316第一安装部                    703a转轴
318第一抵靠面                    704a磁极片
320卡扣                          705a,705a’端盖
320’突块                        7050a配接部
322按钮                          7051a,7051’a第一轴孔
322’旋钮                        7052a,7052’a端盖本体
324导向槽                        7053’a连接面
326内花键                        7054a缺槽
400打草机工具主体                7055’a开槽
500链锯工具主体                  706a第二风扇
600修枝剪工具主体                7061a风扇本体
700工具主体                      7062a第二轴孔
701工具壳体                      7071a扇叶
702第一配接部                    7081a第一轴承
704第二配接部                    7082a第二轴承
706功能组件                      7082”a第三轴承
708操作组件                      709a,709”a定子支架
具体实施方式
有关本发明的详细说明和技术内容，配合附图说明如下，然而所附附图仅提供参考与说明，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
如图1所示为一较佳实施方式的电动工具系统的结构示意图。电动工具系统包括动力装置100和至少两种电动工具的工具主体，其中动力装置100可拆卸地安装与该至少两种电动工具的工具主体，为该至少两种电动工具的工具主体提供动力。本实施方式中，电动工具系统包含的工具主体有四种，分别为吹吸机工具主体300，打草机工具主体400，链锯工具主体500，修枝剪工具主体600。在四种工具主体上均设置有相同的安装动力装置100的接口。上述工具主体还可以为割草机工具主体等手推式电动工具主体。动力装置100可拆卸的安装与该四种工具主体，并为该四种工具主体提供动力。当动力装置100安装于该四种工具主体中的任意一个时，即组成一个完整的电动工具，执行该种类型的电动工具执行的工作。
为实现不同的工具主体能共用动力装置100，动力装置100的最大输出功率与所有能安装动力装置100的工具主体所需的最高输入功率相匹配；动力装置100的最大输出转速与所有能安装动力装置100的工具主体所需的最高输入转速相匹配。举例说明，若所有能安装动力装置100的工具主体所需的最高输入功率为1000w，所有能安装动力装置100的工具主体所需的最低输入功率为100w，则动力装置100能提供的输出功率必须高于1000w。通常链锯和割草机的额定功率较高，为1500w左右。打草机的额定功率较低，为300w左右。根据工具主体的类型不同，其额定输出功率不同，如2500w、1000w、500w等。为通用上述吹吸机工具主体300，打草机工具主体400，链锯工具主体500，修枝剪工具主体600，割草机主体等花园类常见电动工具主体，动力装置100的额定输出功率为2500w左右。当动力装置100仅为上述部分工具主体通用时，其额定输出功率可以为300w、或500w、或1000w、或1500w、或2000w、或200w。
当该动力装置100安装于所需输入功率仅为100w的工具主体时，动力装置100的功率设计过大，造成了不必要的浪费。若所有能安装动力装置100的工具主体所需的最高输入转速为20000转/分，所有能安装动力装置100的工具主体所需的最低输入转速为1000转/分，则动力装置100能提供的输出转速必须高于20000转/分。当该动力装置100安装于所需输入转速仅为1000 转/分的工具主体时，动力装置100的转速设计过高，造成了不必要的浪费。为达到动力装置100在不同的工具主体之间最经济的共用效果，优选的，电动工具系统包含的不同类型的工具主体所需的最高输入功率相近似；如500w到1000w之间。优选的，电动工具系统包含的不同类型的工具主体所需的最高输入转速相近似。
如图1所示，吹吸机工具主体300包括工具壳体302，以及由工具壳体302支撑的工作部件304和握持手柄301。打草机工具主体400包括工具壳体402，以及由工具壳体402支撑的工作部件404和握持手柄401。链锯工具主体500包括工具壳体502，以及由工具壳体502支撑的工作部件504和握持手柄501。修枝剪工具主体600包括工具壳体602，以及由工具壳体602支撑的工作部件604和握持手柄601。工作部件304(404,504,604)接收动力装置100传输的动力，并将其转化为与工具主体相匹配的动力输出。握持手柄301(401,501,601)用于在电动工具工作时，即动力装置100为工具主体提供动力，且工作部件304(404,504,604)具有输出时，由操作者握持。握持手柄301(401,501,601)设置在工具主体上，使得可以为不同类型的工具主体配置不同类型的握持手柄301(401,501,601)。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，握持手柄301(401,501,601)也可以设置在动力装置100上，此结构下，所有类型的电动工具其握持手柄301(401,501,601)均相同，不会跟随工具主体类型的改变而改变。相较而言，将握持手柄301(401,501,601)设置在工具主体上，由于每种握持手柄301(401,501,601)的结构与工具主体类型相适应，可以明显提高操作者握持的舒适性。
如图2所示为动力装置100的第一较佳实施方式的具体结构。动力装置100包括主壳体102，马达104，控制电路110。控制电路110控制马达104的旋转运动。主壳体102可拆卸地安装于工具壳体302(402,502,602)。当主壳体102安装于所述工具壳体302(402,502,602)时，工作部件304(404,504,604)可由马达104驱动，即马达104的动力可以传递给工作部件304(404,504,604)。优选的，马达104为无刷电机。控制电路110控制无刷电机的换向及其旋转速度。本实施方式中，动力装置100的输出不会根据工具主体的类型的不同而改变。此结构下，为实现动力装置100在不同的工具主体之间通用，可以在工具主体内设置相应的结构，将一个恒定的输入转换为与工具主体类型相匹配的输入。
如图3所示为动力装置100的第二较佳实施方式的具体结构。第二较佳实施方式相对第一较佳实施方式的改进在于，动力装置100可识别不同的工具主体类型，相应的输出与工具主体类型相匹配的旋转运动。具体的，动力装置100包括主壳体102，马达104，识别单元108，控制电路110。主壳体102可拆卸地安装于工具壳体302(402,502,602)。当主壳体102安装于所述工具壳体302(402,502,602)时，工作部件304(404,504,604)可由马达104驱动，即马达104的动力可以传递给工作部件304(404,504,604)。马达104可选择地输出旋转运动。识别单元108识别与动力装置100安装的工具主体的类型，并生成与工具主体类型相对应的信号发送给控制电路110。控制电路110根据识别单元108发送的信号控制马达104输出与工具主体类型相匹配的旋转运动。当动力装置100安装于不同的工具主体时，控制电路110根据识别单元108发送的信号，可以控制马达104输出不同的旋转运动，从而向工作部件304传递不同的动力，进而使得安装有该动力装置100的工具主体能够输出与工具主体类型相匹配的动力输出。由此实现动力装置100在不同的工具主体之间共用。
如图4所示为动力装置100的第三较佳实施方式的具体结构。动力装置100包括主壳体102，马达104，识别单元108，控制电路110以及能量提供单元112。主壳体102可拆卸地安装于工具壳体302(402,502,602)。当主壳体102安装于所述工具壳体302(402,502,602)时，工作部件304(404,504,604)可由马达104驱动，即马达104的动力可以传递给工作部件304(404,504,604)。马达104可选择地输出旋转运动。能量提供单元112为马达104提供动力。能量提供单元112可以为AC电源线，也可以为可充电的储能单元，或可以同时提供AC或DC电源。识别单元108识别与动力装置100安装的工具主体的类型，并生成与工具主体类型相匹配的信号发送给控制电路110。控制电路110根据识别单元108发送的信号控制马达104的旋转运动。当动力装置100安装于不同的工具主体时，控制电路110根据识别单元108发送的信号，可以控制马达104输出不同的旋转运动，从而向工作部件304传递不同的动力，进而使得安装有该动力装置100的工具主体能够输出与工具主体类型相匹配的动力输出。由此实现动力装置100在不同的工具主体之间共用。此外，本实施方式中，能量提供单元112与马达104等其他元件一起，共同 设置在主壳体102中。此种结构使得动力装置100的结构单一，便于在不同的电动工具之间进行转换使用。
如图5所示，本发明还提供动力装置100的第四较佳实施方式。第四较佳实施方式相对第三较佳实施方式的区别在于，当能量提供单元112为可充电的储能单元时，能量提供单元112具有独立的第三壳体1121。动力装置100中设置有收容第三壳体1121并固定安装第三壳体1121的收容部1022。能量提供单元112可拆卸地被动力装置100的主壳体102安装与支撑，由此产生的有益效果是，能量提供单元112保留了传统的结构，可以使用传统的充电器为其充电，充电更加便捷。
本发明还提供动力装置100的第五较佳实施方式。第五较佳实施方式相对第三较佳实施方式的区别在于，动力装置100不包含识别单元108。
本发明还提供动力装置100的第六较佳实施方式。第六较佳实施方式相对第四较佳实施方式的区别在于，动力装置100不包含识别单元108。
在动力装置100的六种实施方式中，第一和第二较佳实施方式的动力装置100不包含能量提供单元112。此结构下，能量提供单元112设置于工具主体上。能量提供单元112不可拆卸地设置在工具主体上，或可拆卸地设置在工具主体上。
前述各种实施方式中，动力装置100可以不包含控制电路110。此情景下，控制电路110包含在工具主体中。控制电路110可以一部分设置在动力装置100中，另一部分设置在工具主体中。
前述各种实施方式中，控制电路110可以控制马达104的旋转运动外，还可以控制能量提供单元112的放电过程。具体为，控制电路110检测动力装置100放电过程中能量提供单元112的放电状态，如放电电流、当前电压等，并根据检测到的放电状态，允许或禁止能量提供单元112向马达104的能量提供。
前述各种实施方式中，当能量提供单元112为电池包时，电池包电压为20V及以上电压。
动力装置100的识别单元108识别电动工具的工具主体的类型的方式有多种，包括自动识别和半自动识别两种方式。自动识别电动工具的工具主体的类型可通过以下方式实现：在工具主体上设置与特定的工具主体类型相匹配的标识元件。当动力装置100安装至工具主体上时，识别单元108通过设 置在其内的检测元件检测标识元件，通过检测元件检测到的信号识别标识元件的类型，进而识别该工具主体的类型。半自动方式识别电动工具的类型可通过以下方式实现：识别单元108包括设置在主壳体102上设置供用户操作的选择元件，选择元件可操作地处于不同状态。用户通过操作选择元件处于不同的状态设定工具主体的类型，识别单元108识别用户对选择元件的状态的操作结果，从而识别用户设定的工具主体的类型。以下以动力装置100的第三较佳实施方式为例，结合图6和图7对该两种识别方式进行介绍。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，以下介绍的识别方式同样适用于动力装置100的其他实施方式。
如图6所示为自动识别工具主体类型的一较佳实施方式的结构示意图。本实施方式中，识别单元108通过非接触的方式自动识别与动力装置100安装的工具主体的类型。具体的，识别单元108包括处理电路1080和四个位于不同位置上的霍尔元件，分别为位于第一位置的第一霍尔元件1082，位于第二位置的第二霍尔元件1084，位于第三位置的第三霍尔元件1086，位于第四位置的第四霍尔元件1088。在四种工具主体的工具壳体302(402,502,602)上分别设置一个磁铁310，其位置分别与上述四个霍尔元件中的一个对应，以保证动力装置100安装至工具主体时，霍尔元件能感应到磁铁310。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302(402,502,602)时，由于霍尔元件的安装位置与磁铁的安装位置的对应关系，磁铁310靠近第一霍尔元件1082，远离第二霍尔元件1084、第三霍尔元件1086和第四霍尔元件1088。此时第一霍尔元件1082产生霍尔信号，第二霍尔元件1084、第三霍尔元件1086和第四霍尔元件1088不产生霍尔信号。处理电路1080接收到霍尔信号，并识别出该霍尔信号来自第一霍尔元件1082，随后即可识别出安装动力装置100的工具主体的类型。
在其他实施方式中，标识元件也可以为机械触点，识别单元108包括两个以上设置于不同位置的机械开关，机械开关的位置与机械触点的位置相对应。当动力装置100安装于工具主体上时，工具主体上的机械触点触发相应位置上的机械开关。机械开关经触发后闭合。识别单元108根据状态由断开转为闭合的机械开关的位置，识别出安装动力装置100的工具主体的类型。此外，标识元件还可以为光电开关，二维编码，识别电阻等任意其他形式。
图7所示为动力装置100通过半自动方式识别电动工具类型的一种较佳实施方式。识别单元108包括处理电路1080和设置在主壳体102上且可由用户手动操作的选择元件。本实施方式中，选择元件为按压开关114。预设时 间内，操作者按压一次按压开关114，代表用户选择的是第一种类型的电动工具；按压两次按压开关114，代表用户选择的是第二种类型的电动工具。依此类推，预设时间内，按压开关114被按压不同的次数，代表用户选择了不同类型的电动工具。处理电路1080识别预设时间内按压开关114被按压的次数，即可识别到用户选择的电动工具的类型。从而实现半自动地识别安装动力装置100的工具主体的类型。
在其他实施方式中，选择元件可以为具有特定标记的多个按压开关114，一种特定标记的按压开关114，代表一种类型的工具主体。选择元件还可以为具有多个档位拨钮，拨钮被操作地处于某一特定档位时，代表用户选择了某一种特定类型的工具主体。
动力装置100作为一个独立的动力主体，需对其工作时带来的安全问题进行防护。本发明中，通过动力装置100与工具主体之间的电路设置和电性连接来保证动力装置100独立设置时不工作，只有当动力装置100安装到工具主体上时才可以启动工作，由此避免动力装置100作为一个独立的动力主体带来的安全问题。以下以动力装置100为第三较佳实施方式为例，对电动工具的几种较佳实施方式的电路框图进行介绍。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，以下电路框图所体现的动力装置100与工具主体之间的电性连接关系同样适用于动力装置100的其他实施方式。
如图8所示为电动工具的第一较佳实施方式的电路框图。本实施方式中，动力装置100包括马达104，能量提供单元112，识别单元108，控制电路110以及两个电气节点，第三节点116和第四节点118。其中第三节点116与能量提供单元112电性连接，第四节点118与马达104电性连接。工具主体包括启动开关308以及与启动开关308的两侧电性连接的两个电气节点，第一节点312和第二节点314。启动开关308具有闭合和断开两种状态，经操作者触发可由断开状态转换为闭合状态。动力装置100和工具主体包含的各模块的功能与前述实施方式相同。如图8所示，第三节点116与第四节点118之间为断开状态，因此马达104与能量提供单元112之间尚未形成闭合回路。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，第三节点116和第四节点118通过第一节点312和第二节点314电性连接。此时闭合启动开关308，马达104与能量提供单元112之间形成闭合回路，能量提供单元112为马达104提供能量，控制电路110控制马达104开始旋转。当工具壳体302与主壳体102相互分离时，马达104与能量提供单元112之间尚未形成闭合回路，闭合启动 开关308，马达104与能量提供单元112之间仍无法形成闭合回路，能量提供单元112无法为马达104提供能量，马达104无法运转。
如图9所示为电动工具的第二较佳实施方式的电路框图。本实施方式中，动力装置100包括马达104，能量提供单元112，识别单元108，控制电路110，启动开关115以及两个电气节点，第三节点116和第四节点118。其中第三节点116与能量提供单元112电性连接，第二节点314与马达104电性连接。启动开关115设置在能量提供单元112与马达104之间，具有闭合和断开两种状态。启动开关115经操作者触发可由断开状态转换为闭合状态。工具主体包括两个相互连通的电气节点，第一节点312和第二节点314。动力装置100和工具主体包含的各模块的功能与前述实施方式相同。如图9所示，第三节点116与第四节点118之间为断开状态，因此马达104与能量提供单元112之间尚未形成闭合回路。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，第三节点116和第四节点118通过第一节点312和第二节点314电性连接。此时闭合启动开关308，马达104与能量提供单元112之间形成闭合回路，能量提供单元112为马达104提供能量，控制电路110控制马达104开始旋转。当工具壳体302与主壳体102相互分离时，马达104与能量提供单元112之间尚未形成闭合回路，闭合启动开关308，马达104与能量提供单元112之间仍无法形成闭合回路，能量提供单元112无法为马达104提供能量，马达104无法运转。
第三节点116与第四节点118断开设置的结构保证动力装置100与电动工具建立电性连接之前，亦即动力装置100安装到电动工具上之前，动力装置100不能启动工作。由此提高了动力装置100的安全性。
动力装置100与工具主体之间建立电性连接的方式有多种。可以通过无线的方式或有线的方式实现第一节点312与第三节点116的电性连接，第二节点314与第四节点118的电性连接从而实现动力装置100与工具主体之间建立电性连接。其中，有线的方式可以为，工具主体上设置与第一节点312电性连接的第一连接端子，与第二节点314电性连接的第二连接端子。动力装置100上设置与第三节点116电性连接的第三连接端子，与第四节点118电性连接的第四连接端子。第一连接端子、第二连接端子、第三连接端子、第四连接端子可以为相互独立的端子，且第一连接端子的位置与第三连接端子的位置相对应，第二连接端子的位置与第四连接端子的位置相对应。当动力装置100安装至工具主体时，第一连接端子与第三连接端子连接，第二连 接端子与第四连接端子连接，使得动力装置100与工具主体之间建立电性连接。此时，闭合启动开关308，马达104与能量提供单元112之间的回路被接通。第一连接端子和第二连接端子也可以设置为一体，相应地，第三连接端子和第四连接端子也设置为相匹配的一体结构。同样可实现，当动力装置100安装至工具主体时，第一连接端子与第三连接端子连接，第二连接端子与第四连接端子连接，实现动力装置100与工具主体之间建立电性连接。
本发明还提供第三较佳实施方式实现当工具壳体302与主壳体102分离时，闭合启动开关115，马达104与能量提供单元112之间无法形成闭合回路，当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，闭合启动开关115，马达104与能量提供单元112之间形成闭合回路。第三较佳实施方式与第二较佳实施方式的区别在于，第三节点116和第四节点118之间设置检测元件及受检测元件控制的开关元件。当检测元件检测到主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，发出相应的控制信号控制开关元件闭合。此时，第三节点116和第四节点118电性连通，闭合启动开关115，马达104与能量提供单元112之间形成闭合回路，马达104开始旋转。反之，检测元件检测到主壳体102没有安装于工具壳体302时，发出相应的控制信号控制开关元件断开。此时，第三节点116和第四节点118无法电性连通，闭合启动开关115，马达104与能量提供单元112之间无法形成闭合回路，马达104无法旋转。
如图13所示为电动工具的第四较佳实施方式的电路框图。本实施方式中，动力装置100包括马达104，能量提供单元112，控制电路110以及两个电气节点，第三节点116和第四节点118。第三节点116和第四节点118均与控制电路110电性连接。控制电路110进一步包括控制器1101和开关元件1102。工具主体包括启动开关308以及与启动开关308的两侧电性连接的两个电气节点，第一节点312和第二节点314。启动开关308设置在工具壳体上，可操作地处于闭合或断开状态。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，第三节点116和第四节点118与第一节点312和第二节点314分别电性连接。通过第三节点116和第四节点118分别与第一节点312和第二节点314的电性连接，控制器1101可以检测启动开关308处于闭合或断开状态。当控制器1101检测到启动开关308处于断开状态时，控制开关元件1102处于断开状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供被禁止。当控制器1101检测到启动开关308处于闭合状态时，控制开关元件1102处于闭合状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供被允许。
上述各实施方式中，动力装置100可选择地包含或不包含识别单元108和控制电路110中的一个或两个。当动力装置100包含控制电路110时，控制电路110可仅具有放电控制功能，或同时具有放电控制功能和控制马达的旋转运动的功能。
根据上述实施方式可知，电动工具的电路框图至少包括控制电路和能量提供电路。能量提供电路将能量提供单元112和马达104电性连接，形成能量提供单元112至马达104的能量传输回路。当能量提供电路形成闭合回路时，能量提供单元112的能量传递给马达104，马达104旋转。当能量提供电路形成断开回路时，能量提供单元112的能量无法传递给马达104，马达104停转旋转或保持静止。能量提供电路可择一地设置在动力装置100中或者工具主体中，还可以一部分设置在动力装置100中，另一部分设置在工具主体中。控制电路可择一地设置在动力装置100中或者工具主体中，还可以一部分设置在动力装置100中，另一部分设置在工具主体中。
在如图8所示的第一较佳实施方式、图9所示的第二较佳实施方式、以及图13所示的第四较佳实施方式中，工具主体和动力装置分别包括一部分电路。两部分电路之间的电性连接通过第一节点312和第二节点314分别与第三节点116和第四节点118的电性连接实现。其中，工具主体中的电路可以简化称之为第一电路。动力装置100中的电路至少包括两部分，一部分电路与第三节点116和第四节点118电性连接，这部分电路简化称之为第二电路。另一部分电路则与第二电路连接。当然，动力装置100可以包含更多其他的电路，或仅包含第二部分电路。工具主体可以包含更多其他电路。
在如图8所示的第一较佳实施方式和在如图9所示的第二较佳实施方式中，第一电路和第二电路共同构成能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路。并且，在如图8所示的较佳实施方式中，启动开关308位于第一电路中。启动开关308可操作地被触发，进而控制能量提供电路是否形成闭合回路。具体的，当动力装置100与工具主体完成电性连接，且启动开关308被触发闭合时，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路形成闭合回路，能量提供单元112向马达104提供的能量经启动开关308返回能量提供单元。当动力装置100与工具主体完成电性连接，但启动开关308被触发断开时，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路无法形成闭合回路。
在如图13所示的第四较佳实施方式中，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路设置在动力装置中。第二电路根据第一电路的信号，控制能 量提供电路是否形成闭合回路。在本实施方式中，第一电路包括设置在工具壳体上的启动开关308。启动开关308具有闭合和断开两种状态。启动开关的一端连接第一节点312，另一端连接第二节点314。第一电路包括第一节点312、第二节点314、启动开关308、将第一节点312和启动开关308连接的电路、以及将第二节点314和启动开关308连接的电路。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，第三节点116和第四节点118与第一节点312和第二节点314分别电性连接。通过启动开关308的闭合或断开的状态可检测到操作者对电动工具的控制指令启动或停止。通过第三节点116和第四节点118分别与第一节点312和第二节点314的电性连接，启动开关308将其状态信息传递给控制器1101，从而获得操作者对电动工具的控制指令。当控制器1101检测到启动开关308处于断开状态时，控制开关元件1102处于断开状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路断开。当控制器1101检测到启动开关308处于闭合状态时，控制开关元件1102处于闭合状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路闭合。在本实施例的启示下，本领域技术人员可根据具体情况，将第一电路设计为任何其他的方式。如将启动开关308替换为旋钮开关，旋钮开关具有第一状态和第二状态，当旋钮开关处于第一状态时，控制器1101控制开关元件1102处于断开状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路断开；当旋钮开关处于第二状态时，控制器1101控制开关元件1102处于闭合状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路闭合。还可以将启动开关设置为触发件，触发件具有触发状态和释放状态，当触发件处于释放状态时，控制器1101控制开关元件1102处于断开状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路断开；当触发件处于触发状态时，控制器1101控制开关元件1102处于闭合状态，能量提供单元112至马达104的能量提供电路闭合。
以上阐述了动力装置100与工具主体之间的电性连接。以下结合图10至图12，阐述动力装置100与工具主体之间的机械连接。
在对动力装置100与工具主体之间的机械连接进行描述时，以吹吸机工具主体300为例对动力装置100与工具主体之间的连接进行详细描述，动力装置100与打草机工具主体400、链锯工具主体500、修枝剪工具主体600、以及其他任意工具主体之间的连接结构均可参考动力装置100与吹吸机工具主体300之间的连接结构。动力装置100与工具主体之间的机械连接包括工 具壳体302与主壳体102的机械连接，以及动力装置100的马达104与工具主体的工作部件304之间的连接结构。
工具壳体302设置有第一安装部316，主壳体102设置有第二安装部120。第一安装部316与第二安装部120可选择地相互配合。当第一安装部316与第二安装部120配合时，主壳体102由工具壳体302支撑，工具壳体302与主壳体102相对不可移动的固定。如图10所示为第一安装部316与第二安装部120实现相互配合的一种较佳的实施方式。第一安装部316包括设置于工具壳体302内侧的第一抵靠面318、设置于工具壳体302外侧的卡扣320、触发卡扣320的按钮322以及起导向作用的导向槽324。按压按钮322可以使卡扣320处于释放状态或锁紧状态。第二安装部120包括设置于主壳体102外侧的第二抵靠面122、突耳124以及导轨126。突耳124的位置及个数与卡扣320的位置及个数相匹配。导轨126的位置及个数与导向槽324的位置及个数相匹配。工具壳体302与主壳体102安装完毕时，第一抵靠面318与第二抵靠面122相互抵靠，导轨126收容于导向槽324中，卡扣320处于锁紧状态，从而锁紧突耳124，使得工具壳体302与主壳体102相对不可移动的固定。
按压按钮322，使卡扣320处于释放状态。随后，将动力装置100的导轨126与工具主体的导向槽324对齐，沿导向槽324的纵长方向推压动力装置100使其向工具主体靠近，到达如图11所示的位置。进一步推压动力装置100，直到第一抵靠面318与第二抵靠面122相互抵靠。随后，释放按钮322，使卡扣320处于锁紧状态，使得工具壳体302与主壳体102安装完毕，达到如图12所示的状态。图12所示的状态下，主壳体102部分收容于工具壳体302中。优选的，主壳体102至少1/3的部分收容于工具壳体302的第一安装部316中。此结构使得动力装置100与工具主体之间的安装更加稳固，整机的重心布局更加合理。
在如图14至15所示的实施方式中，与如图10至12所示的实施方式的区别在于，突耳124由突台124’替换，按钮322由旋钮322’替换，卡扣320由突块320’替换。突台124’沿主壳体102的外周设置一圈。旋钮322’的转动带动突块320’与突台124’抵靠或不抵靠。当突块320’与突台124’抵靠时，动力装置100被锁紧至工具主体。当突块320’与突台124’不抵靠时，动力装置100被可相对工具主体移动。
由图10至图15所示的实施方式可知，工具壳体上设置有按钮322或旋钮322’等触发部件，以及卡扣320或突块320’等锁紧部件；主壳体102上设置有与锁紧部件配合的被锁紧部件突耳124或突台124’。当动力装置100与工具主体连接时，触发部件使锁紧部件将被锁紧部件锁紧，从而将动力装置100锁紧至工具主体上。当工具主体需要更换时，触发部件得锁紧部件释放被锁紧部件，从而使得动力装置与工具主体可相对移动。
如图10至图15所示，动力装置100与工具主体之间的机械连接还包括动力装置100的马达104与工具主体的工作部件304之间的连接。动力装置100包括与马达104连接的输出轴106。工具主体包括与工作部件304连接的输入轴306。马达104与输出轴106之间以及工作部件304与输入轴306之间均可选择设置动力传输机构。典型的，动力传输机构为齿轮结构。当马达104与输出轴106之间没有设置动力传输机构时，马达104与输出轴106直接相连。当工作部件304与输入轴306之间没有设置动力传输机构时，工作部件304与输入轴306直接相连。通过输入轴306与输出轴106之间的连接实现马达104与工作部件304的连接。输出轴106与输入轴306之间的连接可拆卸。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，输出轴106与输入轴306处于连接状态，输出轴106相对输入轴306围绕输出轴106的周向不可移动。动力装置100的输出轴106与工具主体的输入轴306机械连接的一较佳实施方式为，输入轴306上设置有收容槽，输出轴106上设置有突块。当主壳体102安装于工具壳体302时，突块收容于收容槽中，收容槽限制突块围绕输出轴106的周向移动。在一较佳实施方式中，收容槽为内花键326，突块为外花键128。在其他实施方式中，收容槽和突块还可以为想不匹配的四方体、法兰等其他结构。
由于马达104与输出轴106之间，以及工作部件304与输入轴306之间，均可选择地设置传动机构，因此，动力装置100可以为工作部件304的输出轴与马达104的输出轴平行或重合的工具主体提供动力，也可以为工作部件304的输出轴与马达104的输出轴成角度设置的工具主体提供动力。优选的，电动工具系统包含的至少两种工具主体的工作部件的输出轴均与马达104的输出轴平行或重合。由此带来的有益效果是工具主体的结构简单，无需额外设置传动结构在马达104的输出轴与工作部件304的输出轴进行角度转换。
如图16提供了另外一较佳实施方式的电动工具系统的结构图。与图1所示的电动工具系统相同，动力装置100可以为不同种类的工具主体提供动 力。本系统的改进在于，能量提供单元112包括背负结构130，通过背负结构130可将能量提供单元112背负于操作者的后背。能量提供单元112还包括柔性装置132。通过柔性装置132实现能量提供单元112与电动工具的其他部件实现电性连接和/或机械连接。
本实施方式中，动力装置100可仅包含马达104。动力装置100可拆卸地安装于工具主体连接或可拆卸地安装于能量提供单元112且被工具主体或能量提供单元112支撑。当动力装置100可拆卸地安装于能量提供单元112时，能量提供单元112与动力装置100直接电性连接，能量提供单元112通过柔性装置132与工具接口306,406,506,606中的任意一个连接，以实现动力装置100及能量提供单元112与工具主体的机械和/或电性连接，以向工具主体传递动力。
当动力装置100可拆卸地安装于任意一个工具主体时，能量提供单元112通过柔性装置132与工具接口306,406,506,606中的任意一个连接，以实现能量提供单元112与工具主体的机械和/或电性连接。同时动力装置100与工具主体直接连接。能量提供单元112与动力装置100可通过工具主体内的电路实现间接的电性连接。能量提供单元112与动力装置100还可以通过柔性装置132实现直接的电性连接。
本实施方式中动力装置100可仅包含马达104和线路板。动力装置100可拆卸地安装于工具主体连接或可拆卸地安装于能量提供单元112且被工具主体或能量提供单元112支撑。当动力装置100可拆卸地安装于能量提供单元112时，能量提供单元112与动力装置100直接电性连接，能量提供单元112通过柔性装置132与工具接口306,406,506,606中的任意一个连接，以实现动力装置100及能量提供单元112与工具主体的机械和/或电性连接，以向工具主体传递动力。
当动力装置100可拆卸地安装于任意一个工具主体时，能量提供单元112通过柔性装置132与工具接口306,406,506,606中的任意一个连接，以实现能量提供单元112与工具主体的机械和/或电性连接。同时动力装置100与工具主体直接连接。能量提供单元112与动力装置100可通过工具主体内的电路实现间接的电性连接。能量提供单元112与动力装置100还可以通过柔性装置132实现直接的电性连接。
本实施方式中动力装置100包含马达104和能量提供单元112。此时背负结构130可设置在动力装置100上。马达104可拆卸地安装于动力装置100 且被动力装置100支撑。能量提供单元112与马达104直接电性连接，动力装置100通过柔性装置132与工具接口306,406,506,606中的任意一个连接，以实现动力装置100与工具主体的机械和/或电性连接，以向工具主体传递动力。
本实施方式中动力装置100包括马达104、线路板和能量提供单元112。此时背负结构130可设置在动力装置100上。马达104可拆卸地安装于动力装置100且被动力装置100支撑。能量提供单元112与马达104直接电性连接，动力装置100通过柔性装置132与工具接口306,406,506,606中的任意一个连接，以实现动力装置100与工具主体的机械和/或电性连接，以向工具主体传递动力。
为实现动力装置100的动力能平稳地传递给工具主体，优选的，输出轴106与输入轴306之间设置柔性缓冲件，缓冲输出轴106与输入轴306之间的冲击，运行平稳。
本发明中，启动开关308设置在工具壳体上的情形包括启动开关308直接设置在工具壳体上的情形，也包括启动开关308通过转接部件间接设置在工具壳体上的情形，也包括启动开关308通过转接部件设置在电动工具上的情形。
本发明的能量提供单元112可以向马达104提供直流电源或交流电源。当能量提供单元112提供的是直流电源时，能量提供单元112可以为电池包、或者为超级电容等能量存储单元，还可以为包含交流电源线和AC-DC变换电路的集成单元。当能量提供单元112提供的是交流电源时，能量提供单元112可以是交流电源线，或者是包含直流电源和DC-AC逆变电路的集成单元。
本发明的线路板可以包括无刷电机自带的hall检测板或其他检测板，此时，线路板优选设置在无刷电机中。线路板也可以包括控制电路110或识别单元108中的至少一个。线路板也可以包含无刷电机自带的检测板或控制电路110或识别单元108中的至少两个。
本发明的动力装置100还可以包括马达和线路板中的至少一个，或动力装置100包括马达和能量提供单元中的至少一个。
本发明中，能够实现动力装置在不同的电动工具主体之间进行共用的基础，是因为动力装置为不同的电动工具所共有的部件。在共用的基础上，优选的，本发明的动力装置采用了寿命长的电机，如无刷电机，使得在共用的基础上能将电机的性能发挥到极致。在共用的过程中，电池包的寿命相对无 刷电机的寿命短，因此，本发明提出电池包相对动力装置的主壳体可拆卸。此外，若动力装置的马达为普通马达，则由于普通马达在额定功率一定的情况下，其能输出的功率范围有限，会导致动力装置通用的工具主体类型有限，必须要求其为额定功率相近似的工具主体。为解决该问题，优选的，本发明的马达为一种特殊材料制成的电机，其在额定功率一定的情况下，可输出的功率范围较大，从而使得额定功率差异较大的工具主体，之间也能实现动力装置的通用，进一步扩大了动力装置的通用范围。在当前技术环境下，本发明的马达为无刷电机。随着技术的发展，无刷电机可以为相应的新电机所替换。该替换均是本发明保护的内容。在此还需要说明的是，本发明的马达优选为能量密度高的马达，即在相同的功率输出的情况下，马达的体积更小。
本发明还提供第五较佳实施方式的动力装置。本实施例中的动力装置与图2所示第一较佳实施例基本相同，改进的地方在于，本实施例中，动力装置可以仅包括马达，而不包括控制电路。当马达为无刷电机时，马达内配置检测转子位置的检测线路板。本实施例中定义，检测线路板不属于控制电路。
本发明还提供第六较佳实施方式的动力装置。本实施例中的动力装置与图4所示第一较佳实施例基本相同，改进的地方在于，本实施例中，动力装置可以仅包括马达和能量提供单元，而不包括控制电路和识别单元。
本发明提供的动力装置可拆卸地、择一地、连接于以下电动工具的工具主体，为其提供动力，修枝剪、打草机、吹风机、割草机、链锯、高压清洗机、小推车、松土机、扫雪机、割灌机、耕地机、碎叶机、高枝锯、播种机、多功能提升机。当然，本发明提供的动力装置还可为任何其他电动工具的工具主体提供动力。
定义在上述多种电动工具中，额定功率最小的电动工具为最小功率电动工具，额定功率最大的电动工具为最大功率电动工具；额定转速最小的电动工具为最小转速电动工具，额定转速最大的电动工具为最大转速电动工具。其中，设置有减速装置的电动工具的额定转速指的是额定功率下减速装置的输出转速，没有设置减速装置的电动工具的额定转速指的是额定功率下马达的输出转速。
表1中示出了典型的电动工具的特性参数。根据以下参数可知，最小功率电动工具为修枝剪，最大功率电动工具为割草机和链锯，最小转速电动工具为修枝剪，最大转速电动工具为吹风机。
表1典型电动工具的典型工作特性参数表
工具类型 额定功率(W) 额定转速(转/分)
修枝剪 300 1300
打草机 800 5000～6500
吹风机 560～600 15000
割草机 1200 2800-3200
链锯 1200 2500～7000
高压清洗机 450 3000
为实现不同电动工具的工具主体之间动力装置的通用，动力装置的马达的输出功率和输出转速要达到一定的范围，才能为多种不同的电动工具的工具主体提供动力。因此，最基本的要求是，马达输出的功率范围能够涵盖最小功率电动工具输出的最小功率和最大功率电动工具输出的最大功率，马达输出的转速范围能够涵盖最大转速电动工具的最大转速。
其次，当电动工具使用的电源为直流电源时，为提高对直流电源的利用率，要求马达的工作效率高，即马达的输出功率与输入功率的比值大，由此，可将直流电源的化学能更多地转换为机械能而非电机内的热量损耗，从而延长能量提供单元充满电后，可供电动工具连续工作的时间，也叫做单包工作时间。基于此，进一步要求动力装置的马达在一定的输出功率范围和输出转速范围内，具有较高的工作效率。定义该输出功率范围的最小值为第一预设功率，最大值为第二预设功率。定义该输出转速范围的最小值为第一预设转速，最大值为第二预设转速。动力装置可择一地为第一电动工具的工具主体或第二电动工具的工具主体提供动力。定义第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率，定义第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率。为实现动力装置在第一电动工具的工具主体和第二电动工具的工具主体之间实现通用，必须要求第一预设功率与第二预设功率构成的功率范围大于第一额定功率与第二额定功率构成的功率范围。
在一种实施例的中，动力装置通用于打草机和吹风机这两种量大产品的工具主体。此时，第一额定功率为560w～600w，第二额定功率为800w，第一额定功率与第二预设功率的差值为200w～240w。优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率为75％以上。由于第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值较小，更为优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率高达80％以上。更为 优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率高达82％以上。
在另一种实施例中，动力装置通用于打草机、吹风机、割草机、链锯四种电动工具的工具主体，此时第一额定功率560w～600w，第二额定功率为1200w，第二额定功率与第一额定功率的差值为600w～640w。优选的，马达的工作效率为75％以上。更为优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率高达80％以上。更为优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率高达82％以上。
在另一种实施例中，动力装置通用于打草机、吹风机、割草机、链锯、高压清洗机5种电动工具的工具主体，此时第一额定功率450w，第二额定功率为1200w，第二额定功率与第一额定功率的差值为750w。优选的，马达的工作效率为75％以上。更为优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率高达80％以上。更为优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率高达81％以上。
在还有一种实施例中，动力装置通用于花园电动工具的主流产品的工具主体，包括表1中的所有产品，此时，第一额定功率和第二额定功率分别为300w和1200w，第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值为900w。优选的，马达的输出功率为第一额定功率和第二额定功率之间时，马达的工作效率为75％以上。更为优选的，在马达的设计过程中，即要求其输出300w～1200w的功率，同时要求其在该功率范围内均能达到较高的工作效率，导致马达的成本过高。折中的办法是，在通用的这些电动工具中，保证销量高的电动工具的效率达到较高的值，而销量较小的电动工具的马达的效率在一个相对较低的数值。基于此，为动力装置设计的马达在输出功率为300w-400w时，其工作效率为75％以上，在输出功率为560w～1200w时，其工作效率为82％以上。在另一种折中的办法中，马达的输出功率在300w左右时，马达的效率为70％左右，在输出功率为560w～1200w时，其工作效率为82％以上。
根据不同的设计需求，动力装置通用的电动工具的工具主体的类型可以不同，相应的，第一额定功率和第二额定功率也不相同。在其他可选的实施例中，第二额定功率与第一额定功率的差值还可以为任意其他值，如700w，800w，1000w等。在其他可选的实施例中，第一额定功率还可以为200w～400w之间的其他数值，如250w,270w,310w。在其他可选的实施例中，第二额定功 率还可以为1000w～1600w之间的其他数值，如1100w，1400w。
基于上述设计需求对马达进行设计。通常地，马达的类型有多种，有刷电机、无刷电机、外转子电机、内转子电机。针对上述类型的马达分别进行了设计和选型。不同类型的电机对应有不同的电机平台。电机平台一般通过外径尺寸和叠厚尺寸进行编号。其中，外径为转子的外圆周的直径。叠厚为定子铁芯沿电机轴向的尺寸。如：D6325的含义是电机的外径为63mm，且电机的叠厚为25mm；D6425的含义是电机的外径为64mm，且电机的叠厚为25mm；D6415的含义是电机的外径为64mm，且电机的叠厚为15mm；D5030的含义是电机的外径为50mm，且电机的叠厚为30mm。下表2示出了本发明设计的5种典型马达的参数。
表2：不同电机所具有的高效率的功率输出范围、扭矩输出范围
Figure PCTCN2017093239-appb-000001
根据表2可知，不同的电机其工作效率较高时，输出的功率大小是不同的。当第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值为200w以上时，5种电机均能达到工作效率高于75％。当第一额定功率与第二额定功率的差值为800w以上 时，有四种无刷电机的工作效率均能达到75％以上，该4种无刷电机的尺寸范围是：外径为45mm-64mm，叠厚为15mm-35mm。当第一预设功率与第二预设功率的差值为1000w以上时，有3种外转子无刷电机的工作效率均能达到75％以上，该3种外转子无刷电机的尺寸范围为：外径为45mm-64mm，叠厚为15mm-35mm。
基于动力装置通用的目标电动工具的额定功率在300W～1200W之间，选择D5030电机。该电机的额定输出功率为1100w。电机的额定输出功率指的是电机最大效率点的功率输出值。该电机在输出功率为第一预设功率与第二预设功率之间即350w～2500w之间时，工作效率为75％以上；在输出功率为400w～2300w之间时，工作效率为78％以上，恰好能保证在动力装置与目标电动工具匹配时，马达在目标电动工具上的工作效率均能保持在较高的效率值。
此外，根据表2可知，不同的电机其工作效率较高时，马达的输出扭矩大小是不同的。定义马达高效率的输出扭矩区间为第一预设扭矩和第二预设扭矩之间。当第一预设扭矩与第二预设扭矩的差值为0.3NM以上时，5种电机均能达到效率高于75％。当第一预设扭矩与第二预设扭矩的差值为0.5NM以上时，有四种无刷电机的效率均能达到75％以上，该4种无刷电机的尺寸范围是：外径为45mm-64mm，叠厚为15mm-35mm。当第一预设扭矩与第二预设扭矩的差值为1NM以上时，有3种外转子无刷电机的效率均能达到75％以上，该3种外转子无刷电机的尺寸范围为：外径为45mm-64mm，叠厚为15mm-35mm。
此外，由于动力装置是可拆卸的模块，需要在不同的电动工具之间进行移动，且与动力装置配合的部分工具为手持式电动工具，这些场景均要求动力装置的重量较轻。动力装置包括的核心模块之一就是马达，因此，要求马达的重量轻。
为降低马达的重量，首选的方式是提高马达的功率密度。功率密度指的是马达的额定功率与重量的比值。由于马达的材质是基本固定的，提高马达功率密度的方法优选为减小马达的体积，或者说，在体积一定的情况下提高马达的额定功率。在体积一定的情况下，外转子无刷电机的转子外径D大于内转子无刷电机的转子外径D。又由于马达的输出功率与转速(N)、叠厚(L)、外径(D)成正比，具体可通过以下公式表达，P＝K*D2*L*N，其中K为常数。根据该公式可知，在转速一定的情况下，外径D越大，则功率P越大。因此， 优选外转子无刷电机。外转子无刷电机的功率密度大于2w/g；更为优选的，马达的功率密度大于2.6w/g。
此外，由于马达的输出功率与转速(N)、叠厚(L)、外径(D)成正比，具体可通过以下公式表达，P＝K*D2*L*N，其中K为常数。由该公式可知，增大转速、叠厚、或外径中的任何一个，即可增大马达的功率输出。但增大叠厚或外径会导致马达的体积增大，重量增加。因此，在不增加重量的情况下，要求马达能输出较高的功率，则可以采用增加转速的方式。基于此，优选的，马达的空载转速为10000转/分以上。更为优选的，马达的空载转速为15000转/分～16000转/分。
需要说明的是，本说明书中上述的马达又称电动机，即通过将电能或其他能源转化为机械能的一种电机，以下对马达以电机进行命名。
为了使马达(或电机)的输出功率可以达到1200w以上或使电机的输出功率位于第二预设功率以上，且电机的体积较小，也即在缩小体积或不增加电机体积的情况下，要求电机能输出较高的功率，使电机的功率与体积的比或电机的功率与质量的比相对于普通的电机比较高。对于小体积、大功率的电机，一直以来都是业界长期需求却没有被满足的技术难题。小体积、大功率的电机，在输出功率相同的情况下，不仅电机自身的体积小、质量轻，当将电机安装于电动工具时，电动工具的整体体积和质量都会减小，尤其是当电动工具为手持类工具时，电动工具的体积小、重量轻会给操作者带来很大的便利。因此，小体积、大功率的电机也越来越受人们的青睐。但是，现有电机中，当体积比较小的时候，其额定功率往往较低。如现有技术中的D5030的电机，电机的转子直径D为50mm，定子叠长L为30mm，体积为58cm3，其工作时的额定功率最高只能达到800w，功率密度为14w/cm3，且电机的转速最高只能达到12000转/分。所以在该体积下电机的功率达不到上述要求，但当额定功率做的比较高时，能满足上述的额定功率1200w的打草机功率需求时，由于电机功率P＝K*D2*L*N，其中K为常数，D为电机的转子的直径，L为定子的叠长，N为电机的转速，所以在转速N不变的情况下，通过增大电机转子的直径D和定子的叠长L来增加功率时，电机的体积会比较大。现有技术中，对于提高功率，通常做法是增大电机的体积，因为对于普通的电机体积在58cm3左右且功率在800w左右的电机，业界的人通常认为该转速12000/分已经达到电机在该体积下所能输出的转速的极限，很难或不可能再 将转速提高。因为现有技术所能做出的电机中，电机的转速N与电机的转子直径D以及定子叠长L的乘积D2*L的比不能太大，太大时，现有技术中电机的结构将无法承受太高的转速。在上述的电机中，当直径45mm≤D≤55mm，所述定子的叠长25mm≤L≤35mm时，电机的质量也基本固定，大概在400-500g左右。现有技术中的电机在质量为400-500g时，只能承受转速小于12000转以下所产生的离心力。所以在该体积下通过提高转速增加功率，是业界人士不会考虑的因素。
本实施例提供一种电机，用于电动工具，可以在小体积下输出较高的功率，工作时的额定功率为P额与电机的体积比可以达到15.5W/cm3，具体的，所述电机的额定功率P额≥900w，所述电机的体积v≤58cm3；优选地，P额≥1300w，所述电机的体积v≤58cm3；更为优选地，P额≥1300w，所述电机的体积v≤58cm3；可以理解地，由于电机的制作材料基本是固定不变的，当电机的体积一定时，电机的质量M基本也是固定不变的。因此，上述的额定功率P额同体积比还可以通过另一种方式来表达，也即，工作时的额定功率为P额与电机的质量M比可以达到2W/g。其中，所述电机的额定功率P额≥900w，所述电机的质量M≤450g；优选地，P额≥900w，所述电机的质量M≤400g；更为优选地，P额≥1300w，所述电机的质量M≤400g。
以下以具体的实施例对高功率且小体积的电机进行说明，在本发明的高功率、小体积的第一实施例中，提供一种电机，用于电动工具，本实施例中的电机可以在小体积下输出较大的功率。相对于一般的电机，在同等功率下，电机具有轻巧灵便的特性，当电机安装于电动工具上时，电动工具的整体体积也会相对较小，相应的质量也会较低，使产品更加人性化。因此，体积小、功率高的电机，越来越受欢迎。此外，如果电机需要在多种不同的电动工具之间可拆卸的通用时，如电机既可以用在额定功率300w的修枝剪上、额定功率560-600w的吹风机上、额定功率800w的打草机上、额定功率1200w的割草机、额定功率1200w的链锯上以及额定功率450w高压清洗机上等。具体典型电动工具的典型工作特性参数，可参见本说明书中的表1。所述的电机因体积小、重量轻，还具有拆卸方便的特性。
由于P＝K*D2*L*N，其中K为常数，D为电机的转子的半径，L为定子的叠长，N为电机的转速。为使相同体积下的电机中转子的半径较大，本是实施例中，优选采用外转子电机。
为使电机可以达到上述的额定功率体积比或上述的额定功率质量比，本实施例中通过提高电机的转速N来提高电机的额定功率P额。具体地，本实施例的电机的额定转速N额≥12000转/分，优选地，电机的额定转速N额≥16000转/分。可以理解地，当电机的转速提高时，电机所受的离心力也会增大，常规的电机很容易因转速的提高出现一系列问题，如轴承失效，转轴断裂或磁瓦脱落。本实例通过现有电机结构的改进，使电机可以在高转速下转动，且电机在额定转速N额≥12000转/分或N额≥16000转/分，累计工作寿命至少在600小时以上，不会出现上述轴承失效、转轴断裂以及磁瓦脱落的问题，优选地，电机在额定转速N额≥12000转/分或N额≥16000转/分，累计工作寿命可达到1000小时以上。
当电机在上述多种工具主体之间使用时，要求电机可拆卸的安装于上述多种电动工具，此处以第一电动工具和第二电动工具命名，代表上述本说明书的表1中的多种电动工具中的一种。所述第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率Pf，第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率PS，PS≥Pf，所述电机的额定功率P额≥PS，第一额定功率300w≤Pf≤1200w，第二额定功率300w≤PS≤1200w。
由于电机可拆卸的安装于不同的电动工具上，不同电动工具其具有的转速是不同的，修枝剪的额定转速1300转/分，打草机的转速是5000-6000转/分，吹风机的转速是16000转/分，具体地，其他电动工具的额定转速，参见本说明书中的上述表1。为了通用不同的电机，本实施例中的电机的额定转速需要与第一电动工具和第二电动工具中的额定转速最高的电动工具的转速相匹配，或者说电机的额定转速需要大于等于第一电动工具和第二电动工具中最高的额定转速，因此，本实施例中的第一电动工具和/或第二电动工具上还设有转速匹配装置，以使电动工具和电机之间的转速相匹配。所述转速匹配装置为齿轮减速器、蜗杆减速器、行星齿轮减速器、皮带以及同步带中的至少一种。所述转速匹配装置还可以为电子控制开关，所述电子控制开关通过改变电机的输入电压或输入电流使电机的转速改变，进而使电机转速和电动工具的转速相匹配。
由于无刷电机相对于有刷电机具有高效率、低能耗、低噪音、超长寿命且简单易用等优点，本实施例中具体以直流无刷电机为例，对大功率、小体积下的第一较佳实施方式中外转子无刷电机的具体结构进行相关说明。
如图17a-图18a所示，图17a为本实施例中，所采用的电机700a的立体 结构图，电机700a包括定子701a以及可转动的套设于定子701a圆周外部的转子702a，电机700a还包括位于定子701a一端的端盖705a，定子701a设有沿轴向贯通定子701a两端的定子通孔7011a，电机700a还包括沿定子701a中心轴线穿过定子通孔7011a且与转子702a固定的转轴703a。
如图19a，转子702a包括两端开口的呈桶状的转子本体7022a，转子本体7022a的内壁上周向设有磁极片704a，优选的，磁极片704a为永磁体。
为了使电机的体积较小，本实施例中电机外转子直径D≤55mm，所述定子的叠长为L，L≤35mm；优选地，所述转子的直径45mm≤D≤55mm，所述定子的叠长25mm≤L≤35mm。更为优选地，转子的直径D为50mm，定子的叠长L为30mm。
通常，上述的磁极片704a通过粘贴的方式固定于上述转子本体7022a。由于电机700a在高速旋转时，电机700a的空载转速达到12000转/分，甚至高达16000转/分，磁极片704a所受的离心力较大，所以磁极片704a容易出现脱落的情况。为了防止磁极片704a脱落，当电机700a的转速越高时，必须使每一个磁极片704a与转子本体7022a之间的有效粘贴面积增大，用以通过增大粘贴面积来保证磁极片704a和转子本体7022a之间的粘接力。为了使电机700a高速旋转下，磁极片704a不脱落，所述磁极片的在电机额定转速N额下对应的线速度V2越大，则所述磁极片709a和转子内壁的粘贴面积S越大，且S/V2大于等于6.4。进一步地，磁极片的线速度V2≤41.87米/秒，且所述磁极片的有效粘贴面积s≥272平方毫米。优选地，所述磁极片的有效面积s≥243平方毫米，磁极片的线速度V2≤41.87米/秒。可以理解地，为了使磁极片704a不脱落，在电机700体积相同的情况下，转子本体内部的磁极片704a的数量越少越好，这样，每一片磁极片704a对应的粘贴面积比较大，磁极片704a不容易脱落。但磁极片704a较少时，电机700a的工作效率以及电机700a输出的扭矩均受到影响，使输出的扭矩不能够满足电动工具的需求，且供电的电源得不到合理的应用，尤其当供电电源为电池包时，由于电机效率低，电池包待机时间短，需要多次更换电池包或给电池包进行充电，会比较麻烦。本实施例中，电动工具对电机的转换效率也有较高要求，当电机工作时输出功率为300w-1200w时，电机的转换效率为75％以上。本实施例中电机的磁极片704a必须大于10片以上。但磁极片704a数量过多时，电机在同等体积下，磁极片704a的粘贴面积会较小，磁极片704容易脱落。为了使磁极片不容脱落，在本实施例电机700a允许的体积范围内，外转子直径 D≤60，L≤40时，磁极片704a不超过20片。本实施例中，为了使电机700a不仅具有较高的转化效率和较大的输出扭矩，且电机700a的体积和质量都比较小，方便在不同工具主体之间拆装和不同功率范围内使用，优选地，电机700a的转子702a的直径D设置为50mm，定子701a叠长L设置30mm，并将磁极片的数量设置为10，来保证磁极片704a的有效粘贴面积m≥272平方毫米以及电机700a的在电机工作时功率P为300w-1200w之间的工作效率在75％以上。且当电机的功率P位于800w至1200w时，电机的工作效率为80％以上。在其他实施例中，还可以将电机的直径D以及定子的叠长L设置成其他值，来保证有效粘贴面积，此处不再赘述。
转子702a还包括上述端盖705a，端盖705a固定于转子本体7022a一端，端盖705a包括与转子本体7022a紧固配接的配接部7050a以及设有第一轴孔7051a的端盖本体7052a，且配接部7050a与端盖本体连接，当转子702a转动时，端盖705a随转子702a一起转动。在本实施例中，配接部7050a具体的呈环状，配接部7050a通过过盈配合的方式与转子本体7022a配接，当然，配接部7050a也可以通过其他方式与上述的转子本体7022a进行配合，如粘接、螺纹配合或通过螺钉固定等。
在电机700a工作过程中，电机700a自身以及其他一些周边的结构，如电路板等往往会存在一些发热问题，当电机发热时，尤其是电机温度超过一定值时，会使电机内的磁极片退磁，使电机失效、无法转动。为了较好地给电机700a自身或其他一些周边的结构进行散热，电机的转子702a还包括风扇。
如图20a，在本实施例中，上述风扇包括用于冷却电机700a内部的第一风扇，上述第一风扇包括扇叶7071a，扇叶7071a位于端盖本体7052a和配接部7050a之间。并通过扇叶使7071a使配接部7050a与端盖本体7052a固定连接，可以理解地，扇叶7071a也可以由端盖本体7052a向外延伸得到。需要说明的是，不同电机中，端盖的设置方式不同，所以本实施例中定义电机功率密度时，电机的额定功率P额和电机的体积v相比时，电机体积v仅为由定子和位于定子外部的转子本体7022a所组成的体积，不包括上述的端盖705a以及定子支架709a。
继续参见图20a，所述端盖本体7052a背离配接部7050a的一侧面设有缺槽7054a，所述缺槽7054a周向设置于第一轴孔7051a的外侧，通过缺槽的设置，可以减轻电机700a中端盖的质量。优选地，所述缺槽7054a之间周 向等间隔设置，用以使所述的端盖705a周向上质量分布均匀。避免端盖705a随转子转动过程中，因周向质量不均衡产生噪音。此外，当端盖705a因制造过程中周向质量不均衡而产生噪音时，通过缺槽7054a之间等间隔设置于第一轴孔7051a的外侧，可以在周向上对应质量轻的缺槽中添加或补充平衡泥或其他材料，消除端盖在转动过程中因周向质量不均衡产生的噪音。
可以理解地，如图21a所示，在其他实施例中，所述缺槽7054a也可以设置于端盖本体7052a面向配接部7050a的一侧面，且所述缺槽7054a之间周向上间隔的大小以及缺槽7054a自身的大小均可以根据实际需要进行变化，此处不再赘述。
如图22a，在本实施例中，上述风扇还包括用于冷却电机700a外部其他部件的第二风扇706a，第二风扇706a包括风扇本体7061a，风扇本体7061a上设有与转轴703a配合作用的第二轴孔7062a，在本实施例中，为了防止第一风扇将电机内部的热风吹至其他部件，上述第二风扇706a的风扇本体7061a与上述端盖本体7052a之间形成用以隔离第一风扇和第二风扇706a的遮挡面。可以理解地，也可以在第一风扇和第二风扇706a之间设置其他类型的隔离件，用于防止电机700a内部的热风被第二风扇706a继续吹至其他地方，影响冷却效果。
在本发明的其他的实施例中，可以理解地，上述的端盖705a以及第一风扇也可以采用其他结构。如图22a，端盖705’a包括与转子本体7022’a紧固配接的配接部(图中未示出)以及设有第一轴孔7051’a的端盖本体7052a’，端盖本体7052’a与配接部之间通过由端盖本体7052’向外延伸的连接面7053a’连接。且端盖705a’上设有开槽7055’a用以使第一风扇所产生的风可以送达电机700’a内部。也即第一风扇的扇叶(图中未示出)并非直接设置于端盖705’a上。
上述定子701a包括设有通电线圈的定子电枢(图中未示出)，定子电枢在通电后形成磁场，并与上述的转子702a内部的磁极片704a相互作用，使转子702a转动。
如图17a和图18a，所述电机700a还包括用于将电机700a安装于电动工具的定子支架709a，在本实施例中，定子支架709a与电动工具固定连接，需要说明的是，定子支架709a可直接与工具电动工具固定连接，也可以将定子支架709a与上述的动力装置的主壳体固定连接，并通过主壳体与电动工具进行固定连接。定子支架709a与定子701a紧固连接，这样，当电机700a 安装于电动工具后，通过转轴703a带动电动工具的工具头进行工作。参见图18a，具体地，在本实施例中，定子支架709a远离定子701a的一端固定于电动工具，另一端向电机定子701a的定子通孔7011a内延伸形成套设于转轴703a外侧的中空套管，且定子支架709a通过位于定子701a内部的中空套管与定子701a固定。由于转轴703a与上述的转子702a紧固配合，转子702a在磁力作用下带动转轴703a转动进而带动工具头进行工作。需要说明的是，为了降低上述电机700a的重量，优选地，定子支架709a使用铝材料，但高速旋转时，定子支架709a容易折断，因此，本实施例中为了使定子支架709a适合在高速旋转下使用，定子支架709a可主要由航空铝材料制作。电机700a还包括位于转轴703a外侧用于使转轴703a可相对于电机700a其他固定部件转动的轴承。
如图18a所示，所述轴承包括位于定子支架709a和转轴703a外壁之间的第一轴承7081a，且所述第一轴承7081a位于定子支架709a靠近工具主体的一端，用以使转轴703a可相对于定子支架709a转动。所述轴承还包括位于定子701a定子通孔内壁与转轴703a外壁之间的第二轴承7082a。本实施例中，由于所述的电机700a仅通过定子支架709a的一端与工具主体进行固定，也即电机700a仅一端与工具主体或上述主壳体进行固定，因而转轴703a对电机700a的支撑为单臂梁支撑，相对于双壁梁支撑的结构，第二轴承7082a需要承受较大的来自电机700a的载荷；此外，第二轴承7082a受定子701a和转轴703a之间的体积的限制，第二轴承7082a通常体积较小；因此，轴承在受载荷高速旋转时，相对于低速旋转时的电机700a以及双壁梁支撑的电机更容易出现轴承失效问题。可以理解地，本实施例中也可以将上述的电机换成双壁梁支撑的电机，即电机700a的转轴703a两端均与上述主壳体或工具主体固定连接，但双壁梁支撑会进一步加大电机700a的体积或重量，本说明书中上述其他实施例中的动力装置的体积和重量。优选的，为了解决第二轴承7082a容易失效，同时电机700a或动力装置的体积或重量增加较小，第二轴承7082a采用双轴承。轴承包括轴承座以及滚珠，轴承座形成供滚珠滚动的滚道，在本实施例中，上述双轴承可以由2组具有单滚道和单组滚珠的轴承座并列放置，也可以为具有双滚道的轴承座和2组滚珠组成的轴承。通过采用双轴承结构，可以通过两个轴承分担原本由一个轴承承担的载荷，降低了轴承失效的风险。本实施例中，两个并列的轴承之间还设有挡圈，用以防止两个并列的轴承之间相互干涉。当然，本实施例中的轴承还可以为多轴承， 在此不再赘述。
参见图25a，可以理解地，为了使本发明中的第二轴承7082a能够更好的承担载荷，所述的第二轴承可以为滚针轴承，且所述滚针的轴向方向与转轴的轴向方向相平行，滚针轴承相对于上述的滚珠轴承具有较大的承载面积，单位面积上的承担的载荷相对较小，因而失效的风险降低。
可以理解地，本发明由于第二轴承设置于转轴外壁和定子通孔内壁之间，由于转轴外壁和定子通孔内壁之间的体积狭小，不能够将轴承的体积做大，因此，本发明的其他实施例中可以通过改变第二轴承7082a的设置位置来增大轴承的体积，使其适合在高速旋转的情况下使用。
如图24a所示，图24a为大功率、小体积下的第二较佳实施方式中所采用的电机700”a的剖视图。电机700”a包括定子701”a以及可转动的套设于定子701”圆周外部的转子702”a，电机还包括位于电机700”a一端的端盖705”a，所述电机700”a还包括上述的定子支架709”a。
在本实施例中，第三轴承7082”a位于转子702”a内壁和转轴703”a外壁所形成空腔中，且第三轴承7082”a位于定子701”a与端盖705”之间，也即位于定子701”a远离定子支架709”a的一端与端盖705”a之间，且第二轴承7082”a通过设置的轴承固定架710”a将第三轴承7082”a固定于转轴703”a外侧。具体的，所述轴承固定架709”a可通过与定子701”a定子通孔7011”a过盈配合的方式进行固定，所述第三轴承7082”a轴承内壁至第三轴承7082”a轴承外壁的距离大于转轴外壁至定子通孔7011”a内壁的距离。在本实施例中，所述端盖705”a可以与上述实施例1中的端盖705a相同也可以与上述端盖705a的不同，同样定子支架与电动工具的固定方式可以与上述高功率、小体积的第一实施例中定子支架与电动工具的固定方式相同，也可以与上述高功率、小体积的第一实施例定子支架与电动工具的固定方式不同，此处不做限定。电机的其他结构和特性可均与上述高功率、小体积的第一实施例相同。
如表2所示，D5030为外转子无刷电机，该结构使得其功率密度高于2W/g，同时由于其转速为15000转/分～16000转/分，使得其体积进一步减小，重量进一步降低至400g左右，功率密度进一步提高为2.75w/g。
以下，结合表3说明，配有D5030电机的动力装置装配到不同电动工具的工具主体上时，各电动工具的工作特性参数。其中，电机负载转速指的是电机在对应负载情况下的输出转速。举例说明，修枝剪的电机负载转速的含 义为：电机的输出功率为300w时，电机的输出转速为15000转/分～15700转/分。
表3：配有D5030电机的动力装置装配到不同电动工具的工具主体上时，各电动工具的典型工作特性参数。
Figure PCTCN2017093239-appb-000002
根据电机的特性曲线，在不同的功率输出条件下，电机的工作效率、电机的负载转速各不相同。因此，当动力装置安装到具有不同额定功率的电动工具上时，其在额定功率下工作时，电机的工作效率和电机的负载转速不同，具体数值参见表3。
此外，如表3所示，不同负载下，电机的负载转速相差较小，而不同的电动工具的额定转速相差较大，因此，需要对马达的负载转速进行不同程度的减速，才能使得电动工具可以获得其所需的额定转速。减速的方式有至少两种，一种为机械减速，即通过减速装置减速；另一种为电子减速，即通过调整占空比或导通角降低电机的输出转速。电子减速的原理是降低马达的输入电压或输入电流，从而实现减速。此时，马达的输入功率相应降低，在马达工作效率一定的情况下，马达的输出功率也降低。机械减速的原理是通过减速装置将马达的输出转速降低，不会降低马达的输入电压或输入电流。相应的，马达输入功率不会降低，在马达工作效率一定的情况下，马达的输出功率也不会降低。本发明中，由于马达要通用于不同种类的电动工具的工具主体，每一种电动工具对马达的输出功率的要求跨度较大。例如在本发明的一种实施例中，最大输出功率与最小输出功率之间差值超过900w。如果采用电子减速，则会进一步加大马达的输出功率的跨度，加大马达的设计难度。为降低马达的设计难度，本发明优选通过减速装置减速。根据不同的电动工 具的额定转速与电机的额定转速之间的差异，设置具有对应的减速比的减速装置，各电动工具的减速装置的减速比如表3所示。
本发明中，动力装置可以包括能量提供单元，也可以不包括能量提供单元。以下结合表4对包括能量提供单元的动力装置及安装有该动力装置的电动工具的功率、能量、重量进行说明。本实施例中，能量提供单元为电池包。
如表4所示，电池包的电压为60V，容量为2Ah，也就是说，电池包提供的能量为120Wh。此时，动力装置的整机重量为2Kg～2.1Kg。因此，动力装置的能量重量比为57Wh/kg～60Wh/kg。又由于所选马达为D5030电机，其额定功率为1100w，因此动力装置的额定功率与重量的比为523W/kg～550W/kg。安装有该动力装置的各电动工具的重量及能量重量比、功率重量比如表4所示。其中整机重量指的当动力装置安装到电动工具上时，电动工具的重量。整机能量重量比指的是电池包提供的能量与整机重量的比值。整机功率重量比指的是整机的额定功率与整机重量的比值。
表4为电池包为120Wh时各电动工具的能量重量比和功率重量比
Figure PCTCN2017093239-appb-000003
在另一种实施例中，电池包的电压为60V，容量为4Ah。也就是说，电池包提供的能量为240Wh。此时，动力装置的整机重量为2.7Kg-2.8Kg。因此，动力装置的能量重量比为85.7Wh/kg～88.9Wh/kg。又由于所选马达为D5030电机，其额定功率为1100w，因此动力装置的额定功率与重量的比为392.8W/kg～407.4W/kg。安装有该动力装置的各电动工具的重量及能量重量比、功率重量比如表5所示。
表5为电池包为240Wh时各电动工具的能量重量比和功率重量比
Figure PCTCN2017093239-appb-000004
在还有一种实施例中，动力装置不包括能量提供单元。此时，动力装置的重量为0.9Kg-1.1Kg，由于所选马达为D5030电机，其额定功率为1100w，因此动力装置的额定功率与重量的比为1000W/kg～1222.2W/kg。当动力装置安装到电动工具上时，电池包的电压、容量、整机的重量及整机的能量重量比和整机的功率重量比可参考表4和表5的数据。
本发明中的60V指的是电池包充满电时的电压，具体为标称电压为54V的锂电充满电时的电压，也就是15节标称电压为3.6V/Cell的锂电池串联起来充满电后的电压。本发明的60V电池包包括15节串联的锂电池，每节电池的标称电压为3.6V。本发明的60V电池包还可以为其他任意多个电池单元串并联组成。考虑到实际设计过程中，多种因素影响设计参数，本发明中记载的数值正负波动1％～5％的范围均是该数值所表达的范围，本发明记载的百分比数值包括其数值本身以及增加或减少1％。举例说明，功率为800W的含义是功率为760W-840W之间的任意数值，该范围包括的典型值有760W(＝800-800*5％)，792W(＝800-800*1％)，800W，808W(＝800+800*1％)，840W(＝800+800*5％)。效率为70％的含义是效率为69％-71％，该范围包括的典型值有69％(＝70％-1％)，70％，71％(＝70％+1％)。
本发明的部分实施例中，动力装置不包括能量提供单元，此种情况下，动力装置与能量提供单元相互分离设置，分别与工具主体进行直接的配接，从而组合成一个完整的电动工具。相应地，工具主体上分别设置有与动力装置配接的配接部以及与能量提供单元配接的配接部。两个配接部相互独立设 置，分别独立地与能量提供单元和动力装置起配接作用。
如图17所示为本发明提供的工具主体700的第一较佳实施例的结构图。本实施例中，工具主体700包括工具壳体701、功能组件706、以及设置在工具壳体701上的第一配接部702和第二配接部704。第一配接部702可拆卸地与能量提供单元712配接。第二配接部704可拆卸地与动力提供单元710配接。当能量提供单元712和动力提供单元710分别与第一配接部702和第二配接部704配接时，能量提供单元712提供的能量经工具主体700传递给动力提供单元710，动力提供单元710将接收的能量转换为动力输出，驱动功能组件706执行预设的工作。本实施例中，功能组件706为修枝组件，在其他实施例中，功能组件706还可以为吹风组件、吹吸组件、打草组件、割草组件、摆动组件、往复组件、抛雪组件、清洗组件、以及任何其他电动工具的执行组件等。
第一配接部702包括第一结合部和第一电气接口，第一结合部与能量提供单元712实现机械连接，第一电气接口与能量提供单元712实现电性连接。第二配接部704包括第二结合部和第二电气接口，第二结合部与动力提供单元710实现机械连接，第二电气接口与动力提供单元710实现电性连接。
第一电气接口包括与能量提供单元712的正极电性连接的第一正极端子和与能量提供单元712的负极电性连接的第一负极端子，第二电气接口包括与第一正极端子电性连接的第二正极端子和与第一负极端子电性连接的第二负极端子。第一电气接口和第二电气接口可以直接电性连接，也可以经过工具主体700中的电路间接电性连接。
优选的，第一电气接口包括第一正极端子和第一负极端子，第二电气接口包括第二正极端子和第二负极端子。能量提供单元712的能量依次经第一正极端子和第二正极端子流入动力提供单元710，然后依次经第二负极端子和第一负极端子流回能量提供单元712。
优选的，第一电气接口还包括第一信号传输端子组，第二电气接口还包括第二信号传输端子组。第一信号传输端子组和第二信号传输端子组分别至少包括一个信号端子。第一信号传输端子组和第二信号传输端子组可以直接或间接地传递信号。第一信号传输端子组和第二信号传输端子组之间可以通过有线的方式传递信号，也可以通过无线的方式传递信号。优选的，第一信 号端子组包括两个信号端子，一个端子向外传递信号，另一端子接收外界的信号。第二信号端子组包括两个信号端子，一个端子向外传递信号，另一端子接收外界的信号。
如图17所示，第一配接部702与第二配接部704相互独立且相互分离设置。定义工具壳体701的延伸方向如图中的X方向，定义与X方向垂直的方向为Y方向。由图可知，第一配接部702与第二配接部704沿X方向的距离小于20厘米。优选的，小于10厘米。更为优选的，小于5厘米。更为优选的，距离为0厘米。第一配接部702与第二配接部704沿Y方向的距离小于20厘米。优选的，小于10厘米。更为优选的，小于5厘米。更为优选的，距离为0厘米。第一配接部702与第二配接部704的距离由X方向的距离和Y方向的距离共同确定，上述列出的X方向的距离数值与Y方向的距离数值可以进行任意的组合。
如图17所示，工具主体700还包括操作组件708。操作组件708可以为手柄、开关等在电动工具执行工作的过程中，由用户握持或操作的部件。本实施例中，第一配接部702和第二配接部704均靠近操作组件708设置。
如图18所示为工具主体700的第二较佳实施例的结构图。本实施例中，工具主体700的结构与图17所示实施例的结构基本相同，区别仅在于，本实施例中，第一配接部702在工具壳体701上的位置靠近操作组件708设置的位置，第二配接部704在工具壳体701上的位置靠近功能组件706设置的位置。在其他实施例中，第一配接部702和第二配接部704可以均靠近功能组件706设置，或第一配接部702靠近功能组件706设置，第二配接部704靠近操作组件708设置。
如图19所示，本发明还提供一种电动工具，包括工具主体700，能量提供单元712，以及动力提供单元710。工具主体700的结构如前所述，在此不再赘述。其中，动力提供单元710包括马达和控制马达运转的线路板A。能量提供单元712包括多个电池单元和监控多个电池单元的放电状态的线路板B。工具壳体701中设置连接能量提供单元712与动力提供单元710之间的电性连接的线路板C。本实施例中的马达可以为本说明书的前面部分记载的马达。
在一种实施例中，线路板A控制马达的运转，如调速、稳速、正反转、 反转自停、正转自停、脉冲功能等；线路板B监控多个电池单元的放电状态，如检测电池单元的电压、能量提供单元712的整包电压、温度、放电电流等；线路板C控制能量提供单元712的放电过程，如过流保护、过放保护、过温保护等。在另一种实施例中，线路板C不具有任何控制功能，仅电性连接线路板A和线路板B；线路板A控制马达的运转，且控制能量提供单元712的放电过程；线路板B监控多个电池单元的放电状态。在另一种实施例中，线路板A检测马达的运转状态，如转速、相位等；线路板B监控多个电池单元的放电状态；线路板C控制马达的运转和能量提供单元712的放电过程。
上述对各元件的定义并不仅限于实施方式中提到的各种具体结构或形状，本领域的普通技术人员可对其进行简单地熟知地替换。
本领域技术人员可以想到的是，本发明还可以有其他的实现方式，但只要其采用的技术精髓与本发明相同或相近似，或者任何基于本发明做出的变化和替换都在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种电机，用于电动工具，其特征在于，所述电机包括：定子、相对于定子可转动的转子、转轴以及用于将定子固定于电动工具的定子支架，所述电机在通电后产生磁场，所述转子在磁场的作用下转动，所述转轴与所述的转子固定连接，并随所述转子一起转动，以带动电动工具的工作部件执行相关工作，所述电机的体积为v，所述电机工作时的功率为P，电机的额定功率为P额，所述电机的额定功率P额与电机的体积v的比为k，k≥16.5w/cm3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机的额定功率960w≤P额≤1440w，所述电机的体积58cm3≤v≤83.1cm3。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机的额定功率P额为1200w。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机为外转子电机。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转子包括两端开口的呈筒状的转子本体，所述转子本体的内壁上设有磁极片，所述转子本体套设于所述定子外部，且所述转子本体的外径为D，45mm≤D≤55mm；所述定子包括轴向贯通定子内部的定子通孔，且所述定子的叠长为L，25mm≤L≤35mm；所述转轴贯穿定子通孔并与所述转子本体固定连接；所述电机的额定功率960w≤P额≤1440w。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转子本体的直径D为50mm，所述定子的叠长L为30mm。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机工作时转速为N，电机额定转速为N额，12800转/分≤N额≤19200转/分。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述电机，其特征在于，所述电机在工作时转速12800转/分≤N额≤19200转/分，电机的累计工作寿命为t，1000小时≤t≤1500小时。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机为无刷电机。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子支架的一端与所述定子固定连接，另一端与电动工具连接，用以通过定子支架将电机固定于电动工具，所述电机还包括设置于转轴外侧的轴承，所述轴承包括位于定 子支架和转轴外壁之间的第一轴承，且所述第一轴承靠近定子支架与电动工具固定的一端。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转轴贯穿所述定子支架的两端，所述定子支架远离定子的一端固定于所述电动工具，并由该端沿着定子通孔向定子通孔内部延伸形成套设于所述转轴外侧的中空套管，所述定子支架通过位于所述定子通孔内的中空套管与所述定子固定，所述的第一轴承位于转轴外壁和套设于转轴上的中空套管的内壁之间。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子支架的成分包括航空铝材料。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述轴承包括位于定子通孔内壁与转轴外壁之间的第二轴承，所述第二轴承用以使转轴可相对于定子转动。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第二轴承由两个以上并列的轴承组成。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第二轴承由两个并列滚珠轴承组成，所述两个并列的滚珠轴承之间设有挡圈，用以防止两个并列轴承之间相互干涉。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第二轴承为滚针轴承，且所述滚针的轴向与转轴的轴向相平行。
  17. 根据权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转子还包括位于转子本体一端的端盖，且所述端盖固定于转子本体远离定子支架的一端，所述电机还包括位于转子通孔内壁和转轴外壁所形成空腔中的第三轴承，且所述第三轴承位于所述定子远离定子支架的一端与端盖之间。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第三轴承内壁至第三轴承外壁的距离大于等于转轴外壁至定子通孔内壁的距离。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第三轴承通过与所述定子紧固配合的轴承固定架进行固定。
  20. 根据权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子包括设有通电线圈的定子电枢，所述定子电枢在通电后产生磁场并通过磁场与所述磁极片相互作用使电机转动，所述磁极片的数量大于等于10片。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机的输入功率为P1，电机的输出功率为P2，电机的效率为η，η＝P2/P1，当电机工作时的输出 功率300w≤P≤1200w时，η≥75％。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机功率500w≤P≤1200w时，所述电机的效率为η≥80％。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的电机，其特征在于，所述磁极片在电机额定转速N下对应的线速度V2越大，则所述磁极片和转子内壁的粘贴面积S越大，且S/V2大于等于6.4，以增大磁极片和转子内壁之间的粘接力。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电机，其特征在于，所述磁极片的数量为n1，n1≤20。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电机，其特征在于，所述磁极片的数量n1为10，磁极片的线速度V2≤41.87米/秒，且所述磁极片的有效粘贴面积s≥272平方毫米。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机可拆卸的安装于至少两种电动工具，分别为第一电动工具以及第二电动工具，所述第一电动工具的额定功率为第一额定功率Pf，第二电动工具的额定功率为第二额定功率PS，PS≥Pf，所述电机的额定功率P额≥PS。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一额定功率Pf为300w至1200之间，所述第二额定功率PS为300w至1200w之间，当所述Pf≤P≤PS时，所述电机的工作效率为75％以上。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转子包括磁极片，所述定子包括定子电枢，所述电机在通电后，所述定子电枢产生磁场与所述的磁极片相互作用使转子转动，所述磁极片的数量为10片以上。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机为外转子电机，所述转子包括呈两端开口的筒状的转子本体，所述转子本体套设于所述定子的外部，所述磁极片位于转子本体的内壁上，且所述磁极片的数量不超过20片。
  30. 根据权利要求26所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一电动工具和/或第二电动工具上设有转速匹配装置，用以使电机的转速和电动工具的转速相匹配
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转速匹配装置为齿轮减速器、蜗杆减速器、行星齿轮减速器、皮带以及同步带中的至少一种。
  32. 根据权利要求30所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转速匹配装置为电子控制开关，所述电子控制开关通过改变电机的输入电压或输入电流使电机 的转速改变，进而使电机转速和电动工具的转速相匹配。
  33. 一种电机，用于电动工具，其特征在于，所述电机包括：定子、相对于定子可转动的转子、固定于电机内部的磁极片、转轴以及用于将定子固定于电动工具的定子支架，所述电机在通电后产生磁场并与所述磁极片相互作用使转子转动，所述转轴与所述的转子固定连接，并随所述转子一起转动，以带动电动工具的工作部件进行工作，所述电机的质量为M，所述电机工作时的输出功率为P，电机的额定功率为P额，所述电机的额定功率P额与所述电机的质量M的比为ρ，ρ≥2.4w/g。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机工作时允许输出功率960w≤P额≤1440w，所述电机的质量350≤M≤450g。
  35. 一种电动工具，其特征在于，所述电动工具包括工具壳体、由工具壳体支撑的工作部件、握持手柄以及上述权利要求1-8、10-34任意一项所述的电机，所述电机用于带动电动工具的工作部件执行相关工作。
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