WO2018010670A1 - 减速起动机 - Google Patents

减速起动机 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018010670A1
WO2018010670A1 PCT/CN2017/092761 CN2017092761W WO2018010670A1 WO 2018010670 A1 WO2018010670 A1 WO 2018010670A1 CN 2017092761 W CN2017092761 W CN 2017092761W WO 2018010670 A1 WO2018010670 A1 WO 2018010670A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
starter
way
bearing
cover
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/092761
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡光龙
Original Assignee
上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 filed Critical 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司
Publication of WO2018010670A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018010670A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/022—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
    • F02N15/023—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch of the overrunning type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/043—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer
    • F02N15/046—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer of the planetary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/066—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter being of the coaxial type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/064—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls
    • F16D41/066—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a starter, for example, to a retarding starter.
  • a starter (or “starter”) is used in the vehicle to start the engine of the vehicle.
  • the starter is composed of three parts, namely: a starter motor, a control mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the starter motor is used as a starting power source for converting the electric energy of the battery into an electromagnetic torque; the control mechanism is used for controlling the start drive gear Engagement and disengagement with the engine flywheel and switching of the starter motor circuit; the transmission mechanism is used to transmit a torque to an engine.
  • the patent document of Japanese Patent No. 2005-130753 discloses a common starter (hereinafter referred to as "Related Technology 1”) in the related art.
  • the movement of the output shaft 101 of the starter in the axial direction is defined, and the one-way clutch in the starter (hereinafter referred to as “one-way”) adopts an axial static structure, which can rotate around the center, but The axial displacement is defined; a hole is formed in the bottom of the one-way housing 102, the housing bearing 103 is disposed in the hole, and the end 116 of the rotor shaft 104 extends into the housing bearing 103; the one-way inner casing 105 and the output shaft 101 serve as One whole.
  • the one-way housing has serious over-positioning problems, including the first positioning part (middle cover 106 - middle cover bearing 107 - output shaft 101 - one-way inner casing 105 - roller 108 - single The directional housing 102) and the second positioning portion (support cover 109 - support cover bearing 110 - rotor shaft 104 - housing bearing 103 - one-way housing 102).
  • the position of the output shaft 101 and the position of the rotor shaft 104 are aligned as much as possible, and the output shaft 101 is supported by the front cover bearing 111 and the middle cover bearing 107, and the solid line is ideal.
  • the assembly position of the rotor shaft 104 is supported by the support cover bearing 110, and the rotor shaft 104 is supported by the rear cover bearing 112, and the solid line is an ideal assembly position; when the starter is assembled, due to dimensional tolerances and tolerances, etc., The position of the bearing will deviate from its ideal position, causing the deflection of the position of the output shaft 101 and the rotor shaft 104; as shown in FIG. 2, assuming that the front cover bearing 111 is displaced downward, the middle cover bearing 107 is offset upward, which The output shaft 101 is deflected as shown by the left dotted line in FIG.
  • the inner casing of the one-way device is integral with the output shaft 101, its position is also limited, that is, the amplitude that can be adjusted is small, and has occurred.
  • This radial internal force is greatly increased during positioning, which is very disadvantageous to the strength of the outer casing bearing, the support cover bearing 110 and the rotor shaft 104, accelerating the wear of these parts, thereby reducing the life of the starter;
  • the adverse effects of the increase must improve the processing accuracy of the relevant parts, which will greatly increase the cost of the starter.
  • over-positioning can also cause the smoothness of the operation of the reducer to deteriorate.
  • the positions of the mutually fixed planetary pin 113 and the one-way housing 102 are positioned once, and the planetary pin 113 and the single fixed from each other as viewed from the rotor shaft 104 side.
  • the directional housing 102 is again positioned once by the rotor shaft 104. From the analysis of the over-positioning described above, the one-way housing 102 necessarily gives the rotor shaft 104 a large radial force when the one-way housing 102 is over-positioned.
  • the sun gear 114 generates a radial swing under the action of the radial force.
  • the swing of the sun gear 114 causes the unevenness of each of the planet wheels 115, which is contrary to the design goal of "the load of each planet wheel is as uniform as possible", resulting in the load of some of the planet wheels 115 loading.
  • Small, and some of the planet wheels 115 load a large load, and even cause it to be heavily overloaded, which accelerates the wear or damage of the parts such as the planetary gear 115 and the planetary gear bushing (not shown), and the life of the starter is also reduced.
  • the swing of the sun gear 114 causes the meshing of the sun gear 114 and the planetary gear 115 to deteriorate, thereby causing an increase or abnormality in noise during operation of the speed reducer.
  • the present disclosure provides a starter that overcomes the technical problems of the one-way over positioning of the starter, the low precision of the planetary wheel positioning, and the large air gap tolerance in the related art, which can effectively avoid the above technical problems and has operational safety.
  • a deceleration starter includes: an output shaft coaxially distributed in sequence, a one-way clutch, a speed reducer, a first cover body, a first cover body bearing, and a starter motor;
  • a rotor shaft of the starter motor is inserted into the reducer, and the starter motor is configured to generate a rotational torque
  • the speed reducer is configured to reduce a rotational speed of the rotor shaft, and transmit the reduced rotational speed of the starter motor to the output shaft through the one-way clutch, and one end of the output shaft passes the first a cover bearing is coupled to the first cover, wherein the one-way clutch includes a one-way clutch inner casing and a one-way clutch housing, and the one-way clutch inner casing has a bump, the one-way device The outer casing has a bottom hole, the protrusion is embedded in the bottom hole, and the one-way clutch housing passes through the second cover The body bearing and the second cover are connected to each other.
  • the one-way clutch housing has an outer cylindrical surface that protrudes into the second cover bearing and is supported by the second cover bearing, and the outer cylindrical surface can follow The one-way clutch housing rotates.
  • the output shaft and the inner casing of the one-way device are a unitary structure or a split structure.
  • the bottom hole is a through hole or a blind hole.
  • the speed reducer is a planetary gear train structure.
  • the second cover body and the inner ring gear of the reducer are a unitary structure or a split structure.
  • the rotor shaft is connected to the support cover by a support cover bearing.
  • one end of the rotor shaft is inserted into the protrusion of the inner casing, and an inner casing bearing is disposed between the rotor shaft and the protrusion.
  • the speed reducer is connected to the one-way housing through a planetary pin.
  • the technical solution provided by the present disclosure has the following features: First, by solving the over-positioning of the one-way device, the positioning of the one-way device and the planetary gear is more accurately, and the excessive wear and damage between the parts is improved. It avoids the increase and abnormality of noise during the operation of the reducer, makes the operation of the starter safer and more reliable, and the service life is extended accordingly. Secondly, it is not necessary to improve the machining accuracy of the relevant parts to avoid over-positioning of the one-way device as in the related art.
  • the problem which reduces the manufacturing cost of the starter; third, the accurate positioning of the planetary gears in the reducer reduces the loss of torque during transmission; fourth, by shortening the dimensional chain that produces the positioning tolerance, or by avoiding The roller chamber and the roller which are easy to produce dimensional tolerance and position tolerance improve the air gap precision of the starting motor and improve the consistency of the air gap; fifth, the middle cover bearing and the one-way housing are in a parallel position, the starter No additional space is required in the axial direction for the middle and middle cover bearings, reducing the length and weight of the starter and correspondingly reducing the starter Cost starter footprint smaller, more compact.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a starter in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic view of the starter clutch of Figure 1 over-positioned
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another starter in the related art
  • Figure 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the starter one-way device of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a starter according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a starter according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a starter according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural block diagram of a starter provided by the present disclosure.
  • the patent document with the patent number CN 101328854 B discloses another common starter (hereinafter referred to as "related technology 2").
  • the starter of the starter has only the positioning mode of the one-way housing: the middle cover 201-the middle cover bearing 202-the output shaft 208-the one-way inner casing 203-roller 204-single
  • the directional housing 205 that is, the "support cover-support cover bearing-rotor shaft-case bearing-one-way housing” positioning method in the related art 1, is omitted, and only the middle cover 201 is used for positioning of the one-way housing 205.
  • the one-way device in the starter adopts an axial static structure, which can rotate around the center, but the axial displacement is defined, the one-way inner casing 203 has a hole, and the inner casing bearing 206 is disposed therein.
  • the end 216 of the rotor shaft 207 passes through the bottom hole of the one-way housing 205 and extends into the inner casing bearing 206.
  • the output shaft 208 is supported by the front cover bearing 209 and the middle cover bearing 202, and the rotor shaft 207 Supported by the inner casing bearing 206 and the rear cover bearing (not shown), the problem of over-positioning of the clutch existing in the related design is solved.
  • the first technical problem existing in the related art 2 is that the positional accuracy of the one-way housing 205 and the planetary gear 210 is difficult to control. Due to the positioning of the "middle cover - middle cover bearing - output shaft - one-way inner casing - roller - one-way housing", the roller chamber and the roller 204 are involved, and the tolerances of the roller chamber and the roller are involved. Big and compare It is difficult to control, and therefore, the positional accuracy of the one-way housing 205 is difficult to control, further causing the positional accuracy of the planetary gear 210 fixed to the one-way housing 205 by the planetary wheel pin 211 to be difficult to control.
  • the details are as follows:
  • the position of the planetary gear 210 is calculated from the planetary wheel pin 211, passes through the one-way housing 205, the roller chamber profile, the roller 204, the one-way inner casing 203, the middle cover bearing 202, and the middle. Cover 201, wherein the position of planet wheel 210 relates to the roller chamber.
  • 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the starter one-way device. As shown in FIG. 4, the roller chamber itself has a shape tolerance of the contour, and there is a positional tolerance of the relative position between the different roller chambers.
  • the one-way housing 205 is generally cold extruded, there is a large internal stress, and after the cold extrusion molding, the carburizing and hardening are further performed, and the internal stress and the carburizing are the surface deformations, and the aforementioned tolerance is further increased.
  • the wear conditions of different roller chambers and rollers are different. Therefore, the positional tolerance of the planetary gear 210 is large and difficult to control. Especially after the starter is operated for a period of time, the positional tolerance is further amplified due to the different wear conditions, thereby increasing the displacement of the position of the one-way housing 205.
  • the second technical problem existing in the related art 2 is a technical problem that the air gap precision of the starter is difficult to control. Since the related art 2 eliminates the positioning method in which the "support cover-support cover bearing-rotor shaft-shell bearing-one-way housing" is used in the related art 1, the rotor shaft 207, the rotor core 214, and the like are required. The positioning is completed based on the middle cover 201, the middle cover bearing 202, the one-way inner casing 203 and the inner casing bearing 206, and the dimensional chain of the positioning error becomes long, and the air gap tolerance becomes large, specifically: FIG. 5 is A in FIG. A partial enlarged view, as shown in FIG.
  • Torque; and, long-size chains are prone to large tolerances, and larger tolerances of the air gaps may further increase the inconsistency of the air gap, causing the vibration of the rotor to increase, and the increase in vibration further causes the noise of the starter to increase, and the service life. shorten.
  • the disclosure provides a deceleration starter, which realizes one-way over positioning and planetary wheel positioning of the starter.
  • the technical problems of low precision and large air gap tolerance are solved, and at the same time, the running stability of the starter is improved, the service life is prolonged, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
  • a starter that converts the electrical energy of the battery into mechanical energy and drives the engine flywheel to rotate to achieve engine starting may be composed of three parts, namely: a starter motor 901, a control mechanism 902, and a transmission mechanism 903, wherein the starter motor 901 serves as a starting power source for converting electrical energy of the battery into an electromagnetic torque.
  • the control mechanism 902 is for controlling the engagement and disengagement of the start drive gear with the engine flywheel and the opening and closing of the starter motor circuit; the transmission mechanism 903 is for transmitting a torque to an engine.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a starter provided by the present disclosure.
  • the starter provided by the present disclosure includes a starter motor, a speed reducer, a one-way clutch, an output shaft 001, a front cover 017, a middle cover 018, a drive gear 002, a shift fork 003, and an electromagnetic switch 004.
  • the starter motor generates a rotational torque
  • the reducer reduces the rotational speed of the starter motor
  • the rotational speed of the starter motor is reduced and then transmitted to the output shaft 001 through the one-way device; for example, the rotational speed of the rotor shaft is 20000 rpm (Revolutions per minute, After every minute, after the reducer, the speed to the output shaft becomes 4000 rpm.
  • the drive gear 002 is placed on the output shaft 001, which are mechanically coupled together by a helical spline; the electromagnetic switch 004 controls the closing of the starter motor power by closing its main contact (not shown).
  • the electromagnetic switch 004 has a moving iron core 005, the moving iron core 005 can move in the axial direction, and a pull rod 006 is placed in the moving iron core 005, and the two are mechanically connected together.
  • the moving iron core 005 transmits its movement to the driving gear 002 through the fork 003; the starter is mounted on the engine through the front cover 017, a hole is formed in the front part of the front cover 017, and the front cover bearing 021 is accommodated therein, and the output shaft 001 is The front end is supported by the front cover bearing 021, and the front end of the output shaft 001 is rotatable.
  • the middle cover (second cover) 018 is located between the front cover (first cover) 017 and the starter motor, the left end of the middle cover bearing 016 is engaged with the front cover 017, and the circumferential direction of the middle cover bearing 016 is covered by the front cover 017
  • the other end of the middle cover 018 is matched with the stator shell 007, and the two are center-aligned; the middle cover 018 and the inner ring gear 012 adopt an integral structure, and the two can also adopt a split structure; the middle cover 018 has a hole in the center, and the middle cover bearing 016 is placed in it.
  • the starter motor is a DC motor, including a stator, a rotor, and a carbon brush (not shown).
  • the stator includes a stator case 007, a magnetic pole 008, and the like, which can generate a magnetomotive force.
  • the rotor includes a rotor core 009, a rotor coil, a rotor shaft 010, and a commutator (not shown).
  • the sun gear 011 is located on the rotor shaft 010, and the sun gear 011 meshes with a certain number of planet wheels 013. A certain number of carbon brushes (not shown) are placed On the commutator.
  • the starter obtains energy at the vehicle power source to cause the rotor to generate a rotational moment.
  • the magnetic pole 008 can be excited by a permanent magnet or by a coil.
  • the speed reducer may be a planetary gear train structure, including a sun gear 011, an inner ring gear 012 and a certain number of planet wheels 013.
  • the planetary gears 013 mesh with the sun gear 011 and mesh with the inner ring gear 012.
  • the planet carrier is integral with the one-way housing 014.
  • a number of planet pins 015 are fixed to the bottom of the one-way housing 014.
  • Each planet 013 is supported by a respective planet pin 015 and each planet 013 is rotatable.
  • the speed reducer reduces the rotational speed of the rotor to the orbital speed of the planetary gear 013.
  • the inner ring gear 012 has an internal gear that meshes with the planetary gear 013, and at the same time has a hole in which the middle cover bearing 016 is placed.
  • the inner ring gear 012 and the middle cover 018 can form a monolithic structure or can form a separate component, that is, a split structure.
  • the one-way clutch (referred to as a one-way device) may be a roller type structure, including a one-way housing 014, a one-way inner casing 019, a roller 020 and the like.
  • the bottom of the one-way housing 014 is again used as a planetary carrier, and the planetary wheel pin 015 is fixed thereon.
  • the one-way inner casing 019 is located inside the one-way device and adopts a cylindrical structure.
  • the roller 020 is located between the one-way housing 014 and the one-way inner housing 019 and is limited to the roller chamber of the one-way housing 014.
  • the torque is transmitted from the one-way housing 014 to the one-way inner housing 019 through the roller 020, that is, the one-way housing 014 is the active member, and the one-way inner housing 019 is the driven member.
  • the one-way device is a one-way overrunning clutch, that is, one direction of rotation can transmit torque, and the other direction of rotation can exceed clutch and cannot transmit torque.
  • the one-way housing 014 has an outer cylindrical surface that projects into and is supported by the middle cover bearing 016, and the outer cylindrical surface is rotatable.
  • the bottom of the one-way housing 014 has a hole, called a bottom hole 026, and the bottom hole 026 is a through hole.
  • the end of the one-way inner casing 019 is a cylindrical protrusion 0191 and is received in the bottom hole 026.
  • the output shaft 001 is placed coaxially with the rotor shaft 010, and the output shaft 001 is integral with the one-way inner casing 019, and the two may also be separated by a split structure.
  • One end of the output shaft 001 is supported by the front cover bearing 021, and the other end is supported by the bottom hole of the one-way housing 014.
  • the outer surface of the output shaft 001 has an outer helical spline that cooperates with an inner helical spline on the drive gear 002, and the drive gear 002 rotates integrally with the output shaft 001.
  • the front of the outer helical spline has a stop 025 for limiting the displacement of the drive gear 002 on the output shaft 001.
  • a bearing may be added between the bottom hole 026 of the one-way housing 014 and the output shaft 001 end 027.
  • the starter shown in Fig. 6 is in an initial state of non-operation.
  • the drive gear 002 is coupled to one end of the shift fork 003 for driving the force transmission between the gear 002 and the shift fork 003.
  • the electromagnetic switch 004 includes components such as an excitation coil (not shown), a movable iron core 005, a static iron core (not shown), a spring system (not shown), and the like.
  • the moving iron core 005 can move in the axial direction by pulling
  • the rod 006 is mechanically coupled to the fork 003.
  • the exciting coil obtains energy from the vehicle power source to generate an electromagnetic force, and the electromagnetic force pushes the moving iron core 005 toward the static iron core until the contact with the static iron core is closed, and simultaneously The iron core 005 pushes the driving gear 002 to the direction of the engine flywheel through the fork 003 to complete the engagement, and simultaneously pushes the main contact of the electromagnetic switch to also close, and the starting motor starts to work by obtaining energy from the vehicle power source.
  • the spring system When the ignition switch is turned off, the energy no longer flows to the exciting coil, the electromagnetic force disappears, the spring system returns the moving iron core 005 to the initial position, and the moving iron core 005 is pushed back to the initial position by the shifting fork 003. The spring system also opens the main contact and pushes it back to the initial position, and the starter motor stops working.
  • the fork 003 is located on the fork 022, and the fork 022 is used as a fulcrum of the fork 003, and the fork 003 can swing around the fulcrum.
  • the first end of the fork 003 is mechanically coupled to the drive gear 002.
  • the second end of the fork 003 is coupled to the pull rod 006.
  • the fork 003 transfers the movement of the movable iron core 005 to the drive gear 002.
  • the current of the car power source flows to the excitation coil of the switch to generate an electromagnetic force, which pushes the moving iron core 005 toward the static iron core until it contacts the static iron core, and the moving iron core 005 pushes during the movement.
  • the main contact is closed, and the moving iron core 005 pushes the driving gear 002 to the direction of the engine flywheel through the fork 003 and completes meshing with the flywheel;
  • the main contact of the electromagnetic switch is closed, the current from the vehicle power source flows to the starter motor through the main contact,
  • the rotor generates the rotating torque and the rotational speed.
  • the torque and the rotational speed are decelerated by the reducer and transmitted to the one-way housing 014.
  • the roller 020 is transmitted to the output shaft 001, and the torque and the rotational speed are transmitted to the driving gear 002 through the helical spline, and the driving gear 002 is driven.
  • the spring system returns the moving iron core 005 to the initial position, and the moving iron core 005 returns to the position during the process of shifting the gear 003 through the fork 003. 02 Push back to the initial position, the spring system also opens the main contact and pushes it back to the initial position, and the starter motor stops working.
  • the output shaft 001 is supported by the front cover bearing 021 and the middle cover bearing 016 (ie, two points and one line), and the rotor shaft 010 is supported by the support cover bearing 023 and the rear cover bearing (not shown); the output shaft 001
  • the support system and the support system of the rotor shaft 010 are independent of each other, so the one-way device is completely free of the risk of over-positioning.
  • the one-way housing 014 is directly supported by the middle cover 018 through the middle cover bearing 016, and the planetary wheel pin 015 is fixed to the right side of the one-way housing 014 (as shown in FIG. 6), that is, the positional accuracy of the planetary wheel pin 015 Roller
  • the chamber is independent, so that the positional accuracy of the planetary gear 013 is better improved, and the meshing quality of the planetary gear 013 with the sun gear 011 and the inner ring gear 012 is improved, and the noise during the operation of the reducer is reduced, and each planetary gear 013
  • the force is more balanced, the load is consistent, the wear of each part in the reducer is reduced, the loss of torque in the transmission process is reduced, and the life of the starter is improved.
  • the middle cover bearing 016 is located between the one-way housing 014 and the middle cover 018, the one-way housing 014 is directly fixed, but the one-way inner housing 019 has a cylindrical shape by opening the bottom hole of the one-way housing 014.
  • the bump 0191 inserts the bump 0191 of the one-way inner casing 019 into the bottom hole of the one-way housing 014, thereby realizing the position fixing of the one-way inner casing 019.
  • the number of parts involved in starting the motor air gap is greatly reduced compared to the number of parts in the related art 2, only the support cover 024, the support cover bearing 023, the rotor shaft 010, the rotor core 009, and the magnetic pole 008, that is, the number of dimensional chains. Reducing the accumulated value of the air gap tolerance can also be reduced.
  • the starter provided by the present disclosure can accumulate a relatively small air gap while avoiding the accumulated value of the air gap tolerance, and can also avoid The rotor core 009 is scraped to the magnetic pole 008, and the small air gap size increases the output torque of the starter motor; on the other hand, the accumulated value of the air gap tolerance is small, so that the consistency of the air gap is increased, thereby reducing the vibration of the rotor, and small. The vibration will reduce the noise during the start of the starter and increase the life of the starter.
  • the middle cover bearing 107 of the related art 1 and the middle cover bearing 202 of the related art 2 are both located on the left side of the one-way device, and the starter requires more space in the axial direction to the middle cover 018 and the middle cover bearing 016, which is equivalent to an increase.
  • the length and weight of the starter also increase the cost of the starter.
  • the middle cover bearing 016 of the present disclosure and the one-way housing 014 are in a juxtaposed position, so that the starter does not require additional space in the axial direction to the middle cover 018 and the middle cover bearing 016, which is equivalent to reducing the length and weight of the starter.
  • the cost of the starter is also reduced, and the space occupied by the starter is smaller, and the more compact starter is an inevitable requirement for the engine to be more and more miniaturized.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a starter according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the starter is different from the starter in the first embodiment in that the one-way housing 014 is different. The bottom is a blind hole.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a starter according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the starter is different from the starter in the first embodiment in that the one-way inner casing
  • the bottom of the 034 has a hole
  • the rotor shaft 036 has a terminal end 040 which is inserted into the bottom hole of the one-way inner casing 034, and an inner casing bearing 035 is provided between the one-way inner casing 034 and the rotor shaft 036.
  • the support cover bearing which is located before the support cover and the rotor shaft in the first embodiment may be disposed in the one-way device in this embodiment. Between the bottom hole of the shell and the rotor shaft.
  • the components involved in the air gap of the starter motor in this embodiment include the middle cover 031, the middle cover bearing 032, the one-way housing 033, the one-way inner casing 034, the inner casing bearing 035, the rotor shaft 036, and the rotor.
  • the core 037 and the magnetic pole 038 are not reduced to five parts as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, but the starter motor is directly embedded in the one-way housing through the cylindrical projection 0341 of the one-way inner casing 034 In the bottom hole 0331 of 033, the roller chamber and the roller whose accuracy is difficult to control are avoided, and therefore, the reduction starter provided in the third embodiment still has the technical advantage of high accuracy of the air gap of the starter motor.
  • the cylindrical projection 0341 of the one-way inner casing 034 in the embodiment is provided with the bottom hole 0331 for inserting the end 040 in the axial direction.
  • the starter provided by the present disclosure has the following advantages: First, the one-way device housing 014 is directly supported by the middle cover 018 through the middle cover bearing 016, thereby solving the over-positioning of the one-way device and realizing the one-way device. More precise positioning with the planetary wheel improves the excessive wear and damage between the parts, avoids the increase and abnormality of the noise during the operation of the reducer, the operation of the starter is safer and more reliable, and the service life is extended accordingly; For example, in the related art, the problem of over-positioning of the one-way device is avoided by improving the processing precision of the related parts, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the starter; third, the accurate positioning of the planetary gears in the reducer reduces the torque during the transmission process.
  • the middle cover bearing 032 and the one-way housing 033 are in a side-by-side position, and the starter does not require additional space in the axial direction for the middle cover and the middle cover bearing 032. To reduce the length and weight of the starter, but also reduces the cost of the corresponding starter, the starter footprint smaller and more compact.
  • the qualifiers similar to "first” and “second” appearing in this document do not refer to the limitation of chronological order, quantity, or importance, but merely to be a technique in the technical solution. Features are distinguished from another technical feature. Similarly, the qualifiers similar to “one” appearing herein are not intended to limit the quantity, but rather to describe the technical features that have not appeared in the foregoing. Similarly, modifiers such as “about” and “approximately” which are used in the context of the word “a” or “an” Similarly, unless a noun is modified by a particular quantity, it should be considered as including the singular and the plural. In the technical solution, the singular number of the technical features may be included, and the plural may also be included. Technical characteristics.
  • the present disclosure realizes the technical problem of the one-way over positioning of the starter, the low precision of the planetary wheel positioning, and the large air gap tolerance, and at the same time, further improves the running stability of the starter, prolongs the service life, and reduces the manufacturing cost.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种减速起动机，包括：依次同轴分布的输出轴(001)、单向离合器、减速器、第一盖体(017)、第一盖体轴承(021)、以及起动电机；所述起动电机的转子轴(010)插入于所述减速器中，所述起动电机用于产生一旋转力矩；所述减速器用于减小所述转子轴(010)的旋转速度，并将所述起动电机的降低后的旋转速度通过所述单向离合器传输至所述输出轴(001)，所述输出轴(001)的一端通过所述第一盖体轴承(021)与所述第一盖体(017)相互连接，其中，所述单向离合器包括单向器内壳(019)和单向器外壳(014)，所述单向器内壳(019)具有一凸块(0191)，所述单向器外壳(014)具有一底孔(026)，所述凸块(0191)嵌入于所述底孔(026)中，所述单向器外壳(014)通过第二盖体轴承(016)与第二盖体(018)相互连接。

Description

减速起动机 技术领域
本公开涉及一种起动机，例如涉及一种减速起动机。
背景技术
起动机(或称作“启动机”)使用在车辆中，用来起动车辆的发动机。起动机具体由三个部分组成，分别是：起动电机、控制机构以及传动机构，其中，起动电机作为起动的动力源，用于将蓄电池的电能转化成一电磁扭矩；控制机构用于控制起动驱动齿轮与发动机飞轮的啮合与分离以及起动电机电路的通断；传动机构用于将一扭矩传递给一发动机。
日本专利号第2005-130753的专利文献公开了相关技术中一种常见的起动机(以下称为“相关技术1”)。如图1所示，该起动机的输出轴101在轴向的运动被限定，起动机中的单向离合器(以下简称“单向器”)采用轴向静止结构，其可以绕中心旋转，但轴向的位移被限定；单向器外壳102底部有一孔，外壳轴承103安置于该孔中，转子轴104的末端116伸入该外壳轴承103中；单向器内壳105与输出轴101作为一整体。
该技术方案存在的技术缺陷为单向器外壳存在严重的过定位问题，包括第一定位部分(中盖106-中盖轴承107-输出轴101-单向器内壳105-滚柱108-单向器外壳102)和第二定位部分(支撑盖109-支撑盖轴承110-转子轴104-外壳轴承103-单向器外壳102)。具体为：如图2所示，输出轴101的位置与转子轴104的位置是要求尽可能两者的轴线对齐，输出轴101由前盖轴承111和中盖轴承107支撑，实线为其理想的装配位置；转子轴104输出端由支撑盖轴承110支撑，转子轴104由后盖轴承112支撑，实线为其理想的装配位置；起动机装配时，由于存在尺寸公差及配合公差等原因，轴承的位置会偏离其理想的位置，从而引起输出轴101及转子轴104位置的偏转；如图2所示，假设前盖轴承111位置往下偏移，中盖轴承107往上偏移，这时输出轴101就会如图2中的左侧虚线那样偏转，相当于输出轴101将单向器外壳往上移；同时，支撑盖轴承110往下移，后盖轴承112往上移，这个时候转子轴104的中心线如图2中的右侧虚线那样偏转，这时转子轴104通过外壳轴承引起单向器外壳往下移，而输出轴101将单向器外壳往上移，这样相当于在输出轴101到转子轴104之间产生了径向内力，也就是单向器内壳存在过定位 问题；输出轴101已经被前盖轴承111和中盖轴承107限定，单向器内壳由于与输出轴101为一整体，所以其位置也被限定，即能够调节的幅度很小，在发生过定位时这个径向内力被大大增加，这个对外壳轴承、支撑盖轴承110及转子轴104的强度非常不利，加速这些零件的磨损，从而会降低起动机的寿命；所以为减小过定位所带来的不利影响，必须提高各相关零件的加工精度，也就大大增加起动机的成本。
此外，过定位还会导致减速器的运转平滑度变差。从输出轴101到行星轮销113来看，相互固定的行星轮销113和单向器外壳102的位置被定位一次，而从转子轴104这边来看，相互固定的行星轮销113和单向器外壳102又被转子轴104定位一次，由上述过定位的分析可知，当单向器外壳102过定位时，单向器外壳102必然给转子轴104末端一个很大的径向力，也就是减速器运行过程中，太阳轮114在径向力作用下会产生径向摆动。由此将导致，第一，太阳轮114的摆动导致每个行星轮115受力不均，这样有违“每个行星轮的负载尽可能一致”设计目标，导致有些行星轮115加载的负载较小，而有些行星轮115加载的负载很大，甚至导致其严重过载，这样加速了行星轮115和行星轮轴衬(图中未示出)等零件的磨损或损坏，起动机的寿命也会减小；第二，太阳轮114的摆动导致太阳轮114与行星轮115的啮合变差，从而导致减速器运行过程中的噪音增大或异常。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种的起动机，克服了相关技术中起动机的单向器过定位、行星轮定位精度低以及气隙公差较大的技术问题，能够有效避免上述技术问题，并且具有运行安全可靠、延长使用寿命以及降低生产成本的技术效果。
一种减速起动机，包括：依次同轴分布的输出轴、单向离合器、减速器、第一盖体、第一盖体轴承、以及起动电机；
所述起动电机的转子轴插入于所述减速器中，所述起动电机用于产生一旋转力矩；
所述减速器用于减小所述转子轴的旋转速度，并将所述起动电机的降低后的旋转速度通过所述单向离合器传输至所述输出轴，所述输出轴的一端通过所述第一盖体轴承与所述第一盖体相互连接，其中，所述单向离合器包括单向离合器内壳和单向离合器外壳，所述单向离合器内壳具有一凸块，所述单向器外壳具有一底孔，所述凸块嵌入于所述底孔中，所述单向离合器外壳通过第二盖 体轴承与第二盖体相互连接。
可选的，所述单向离合器外壳具有外圆柱面，所述外圆柱面伸入所述第二盖体轴承中，并被所述第二盖体轴承支撑，且所述外圆柱面可随所述单向离合器外壳旋转。
可选的，所述输出轴和所述单向器内壳为一体式结构或分体式结构。
可选的，所述底孔为通孔或盲孔。
可选的，所述减速器为行星轮系结构。
可选的，所述第二盖体和所述减速器的内齿圈为整体式结构或分体式结构。
可选的，所述转子轴通过支撑盖轴承与支撑盖相互连接。
可选的，所述转子轴的一端插入所述内壳的所述凸块中，所述转子轴和所述凸块之间具有内壳轴承。
可选的，所述减速器通过行星轮销与所述单向器外壳相互连接。
与相关技术相比较，本公开所提供的技术方案具有以下特点：第一、通过解决单向器过定位，实现单向器和行星轮更精准的定位，改善了零件之间的过度磨损和损坏，避免了减速器运行过程中噪音的增大和异常，使起动机的运行更加安全可靠，使用寿命亦相应延长；第二、无需如相关技术中通过提高相关零件加工精度来避免单向器过定位的问题，从而降低了起动机的生产制造成本；第三、减速器中行星轮的准确定位，减少了力矩在传输过程中的损失；第四、通过缩短产生定位公差的尺寸链，或通过避开容易产生尺寸公差和位置公差的滚柱室和滚柱，提高了起动电机的气隙精度，改善了气隙的一致性；第五、中盖轴承与单向器外壳处于并列位置，起动机在轴向不需要额外的空间给中盖和中盖轴承，减小了起动机的长度和重量，相应的也减小了起动机的成本，起动机占用的空间更小，结构更紧凑。
附图概述
图1是相关技术中一种起动机的结构示意图；
图2是图1中的起动机离合器过定位时的简化示意图；
图3是相关技术中另一种起动机的结构示意图；
图4是图3中的起动机单向器的横向剖视图；
图5是图3中A处的局部放大图；
图6是本公开所提供的第一实施例的起动机的结构示意图；
图7是本公开所提供的第二实施例的起动机的结构示意图；
图8是本公开所提供的第三实施例的起动机的结构示意图；
图9是本公开所提供的起动机的结构框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本公开的具体实施例。然而，应当将本公开理解成并不局限于以下描述的这种实施方式，并且本公开的技术理念可以与其他公知技术或功能与那些公知技术相同的其他技术组合实施。在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例和实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在以下具体实施例的说明中，为了清楚展示本公开的结构及工作方式，将借助诸多方向性词语进行描述，但是应当将“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“外”、“内”、“向外”、“向内”、“轴向”、“径向”等词语理解为方便用语，而不应当理解为限定性词语。
发明人在研究过程中发现，为了避免出现起动机单向器的过定位问题，专利号为CN 101328854 B的专利文献公开了另一种常见的起动机(以下称为“相关技术2”)，该起动机相比于相关技术1中的起动机，其单向器外壳的定位方式仅为：中盖201-中盖轴承202-输出轴208-单向器内壳203-滚柱204-单向器外壳205，即省略了相关技术1中的“支撑盖-支撑盖轴承-转子轴-外壳轴承-单向器外壳”定位方式，仅采用中盖201来进行单向器外壳205的定位。如图3所示，该起动机中的单向器采用轴向静止结构，其可以绕中心旋转，但轴向的位移被限定，单向器内壳203有一孔，内壳轴承206安置于其中，转子轴207末端216通过单向器外壳205的底孔，并伸入内壳轴承206中；由图3可以看出，输出轴208由前盖轴承209和中盖轴承202支撑，转子轴207由内壳轴承206和后盖轴承(图中未示出)支撑，以此解决了相关设计中存在的离合器过定位的问题。
尽管相关技术2中省略了相关技术1中的“支撑盖-支撑盖轴承-转子轴-外壳轴承-单向器外壳”，仅保留了“中盖201-中盖轴承202-单向器内壳203-滚柱204-单向器外壳205”，避免了相关技术1中存在的单向器外壳的过定位问题，但是，伴随而来产生了两个新的技术问题。
相关技术2中存在的第一个技术问题为：单向器外壳205和行星轮210的位置精度难以控制。由于“中盖-中盖轴承-输出轴-单向器内壳-滚柱-单向器外壳”的定位方式中涉及到了滚柱室和滚柱204，而涉及滚柱室及滚柱的公差大而且比较 难以控制，因此，单向器外壳205位置精度难以控制，进一步引起通过行星轮销211固定于单向器外壳205上的行星轮210位置精度难以控制。详细说明如下：
如图3所示，行星轮210的位置，从行星轮销211开始计算，经过单向器外壳205、滚柱室轮廓、滚柱204、单向器内壳203、中盖轴承202、直至中盖201，其中，行星轮210的位置涉及到了滚柱室。图4是该起动机单向器的横向剖视图，如图4所示，滚柱室本身存在轮廓的形状公差，并且不同的滚柱室之间的相对位置存在位置公差。此外，由于单向器外壳205一般是冷挤成型，存在较大的内应力，冷挤成型后进一步进行渗碳加硬，内应力及渗碳都会是其表面变形，进一步加大前述公差。并且，随着使用时间的增加，不同滚柱室及滚柱的磨损情况不一。因此，行星轮210的位置公差较大，难以控制，尤其是起动机工作一段时间之后，因其磨损情况不一，位置公差被进一步放大，从而加大单向器外壳205位置的偏移。基于此，由于行星轮销211是固定在单向器外壳205底部的，单向器外壳205的位置过度偏移，必然导致行星轮210的位置过度偏移。行星轮210位置的过度偏移将导致：第一、太阳轮212的摆动导致每个行星轮210受力不均，这样有违“每个行星轮的负载尽可能一致”设计目标，导致有些行星轮210加载的负载较小，而有些行星轮210加载的负载很大，甚至导致其严重过载，这样加速了行星轮210和行星轮轴衬等零件的磨损或损坏，起动机的寿命也会减小；第二、力矩在传输过程中的损失增大；第三、行星轮210与太阳轮212及内齿圈213的啮合变差，导致减速器运行过程中所产生的噪音增大或异常。
相关技术2中存在的第二个技术问题为：起动机的气隙精度难以控制的技术问题。由于相关技术2省去了相关技术1中的采用“支撑盖-支撑盖轴承-转子轴-外壳轴承-单向器外壳”进行定位的定位方式，使得转子轴207、转子芯214等零部件需基于中盖201、中盖轴承202、单向器内壳203及内壳轴承206来完成定位，定位误差的尺寸链变长，气隙公差变大，具体为：图5是图3中A处的局部放大图，如图5所示，涉及起动机气隙的零件多达7个，即磁极215、转子芯214、转子轴207、内壳轴承206、输出轴208、中盖轴承202及中盖201，而且各零件之间相互配合的地方较多，为了避免转子芯214刮蹭到磁极215，长的尺寸链必然要求大的气隙尺寸，大的气隙尺寸会减小起动电机的输出转矩；并且，长尺寸链易导致较大公差，气隙的较大公差会进一步导致气隙的不一致性增加，从而引起转子的振动增加，振动增加进一步引起起动机的噪音增大，使用寿命缩短。
本公开提供一种减速起动机，实现了起动机的单向器过定位、行星轮定位 精度低、气隙公差较大的技术问题的解决，同时，改善起动机的运行稳定性，延长使用寿命，降低生产制造成本。
起动机，其将蓄电池的电能转化为机械能，驱动发动机飞轮旋转实现发动机的启动。参见图9，起动机可以是由三个部分组成，分别是：起动电机901、控制机构902以及传动机构903，其中，起动电机901作为起动的动力源，用于将蓄电池的电能转化成一电磁扭矩；控制机构902用于控制起动驱动齿轮与发动机飞轮的啮合与分离以及起动电机电路的通断；传动机构903用于将一扭矩传递给一发动机。
下面结合附图6-8详细说明具体实施例。
第一实施例
图6是本公开所提供的起动机的结构示意图。如图6所示，本公开提供的起动机包括起动电机、减速器、单向离合器、输出轴001、前盖017、中盖018、驱动齿轮002、拨叉003及电磁开关004等。起动电机产生旋转力矩，减速器减小起动电机的旋转速度，将起动电机的旋转降速后通过单向器传输至输出轴001；示例性的，转子轴的转速是为20000rpm(Revolutions per minute，转每分)，经过减速器后，到输出轴的转速变成4000rpm。驱动齿轮002置于输出轴001上，二者通过螺旋花键而力学连接在一起；电磁开关004通过起其主触点(图中未示出)的关闭来控制起动电机电源的关闭。电磁开关004有一动铁芯005，动铁芯005可以沿轴向运动，一拉杆006置于动铁芯005中，二者力学的连接一起。动铁芯005通过拨叉003将其运动传输至驱动齿轮002；起动机通过前盖017而安装在发动机上，前盖017前部有一孔，前盖轴承021容放于其中，输出轴001的前端被该前盖轴承021支撑，且输出轴001的前端可旋转。
其中，中盖(第二盖体)018位于前盖(第一盖体)017和起动电机之间，中盖轴承016的左端与前盖017配合，中盖轴承016的周向被前盖017限定，中盖018另一端与定子壳007配合，二者中心对齐；中盖018与内齿圈012采用一体式结构，二者也可以采用分体式结构；中盖018中心有一孔，中盖轴承016容放于其中。
其中，起动电机为直流电机，包括定子、转子和碳刷(图中未示出)等。定子包括定子壳007、磁极008等，其可以产生磁动势。转子包括转子芯009、转子线圈、转子轴010和换向器(图中未示出)等，太阳轮011位于转子轴010上，太阳轮011与一定数量的行星轮013啮合。一定数量的碳刷(图中未示出)置于 该换向器上。当电磁开关004的主触点闭合时，起动机就获得车辆电源处的能量从而使转子产生旋转力矩。该磁极008可以采用永磁体励磁，也可以采用线圈励磁。
其中，减速器可以是采用行星轮系结构，包括太阳轮011、内齿圈012及一定数量的行星轮013，行星轮013既与太阳轮011啮合又与内齿圈012啮合。行星轮架与单向器外壳014为一整体，一定数量的行星轮销015固定于单向器外壳014底部，每个行星轮013由相应的行星轮销015支撑且每个行星轮013可旋转，减速器将转子的旋转速度降至行星轮013的轨道速度。内齿圈012上有与行星轮013啮合的内齿轮，同时又具有一孔，中盖轴承016置于该孔中。其中内齿圈012与中盖018既可以形成一个整体式结构，也可以独自形成零件，即分体式结构。
其中，单向离合器(简称单向器)可以是采用滚柱式结构，包括单向器外壳014、单向器内壳019、滚柱020等零件。单向器外壳014底部又作为行星轮架，行星轮销015固定在上面。单向器内壳019位于单向器内部，采用圆柱形结构。滚柱020位于单向器外壳014和单向器内壳019之间，并限于单向器外壳014的滚柱室内。转矩通过滚柱020从单向器外壳014传输至单向器内壳019，即单向器外壳014为主动件，单向器内壳019为从动件。单向器为单向超越离合器，即一个旋转方向可以传递力矩，另一个旋转方向能超越离合而不能传递力矩。单向器外壳014有一外圆柱面，该外圆柱面伸入中盖轴承016中并被其支撑，且该外圆柱面可旋转。单向器外壳014底部有一孔，称为底孔026，该底孔026是通孔，单向器内壳019末端是一圆柱形凸块0191并容放于该底孔026中。
其中，输出轴001与转子轴010同轴的放置，输出轴001与单向器内壳019为一整体，二者也可以采用分体式结构然后紧固在一起。输出轴001的一端由前盖轴承021支撑，另一端由单向器外壳014的底孔支撑。输出轴001的外表面有外螺旋花键，该外螺旋花键与驱动齿轮002上的内螺旋花键配合，驱动齿轮002与输出轴001整体地旋转。外螺旋花键的前部有一挡块025，用于限制驱动齿轮002在输出轴001上的位移。此外，本领域的技术人员应当知悉，单向器外壳014的底孔026和输出轴001末端027之间亦可以加设一轴承。
需要说明的是，图6中所示的起动机处于非工作的初始状态。驱动齿轮002与拨叉003的一端连接在一起，用于驱动齿轮002与拨叉003之间进行力的传动。
其中，电磁开关004包括励磁线圈(图中未示出)、动铁芯005、静铁芯(图中未示出)、弹簧系统(图中未示出)等部件。动铁芯005可以沿轴向运动，通过拉 杆006与拨叉003力学的连接在一起。当汽车点火钥匙开关(图中未示出)打开时，励磁线圈从汽车电源获取能量而产生电磁力，该电磁力推动动铁芯005朝静铁芯运动直至与静铁芯接触闭合，同时动铁芯005通过拨叉003将驱动齿轮002推向发动机飞轮方向完成啮合，同时推动电磁开关主触点也闭合，起动电机从汽车电源获得能量而开始工作。当点火开关断开时，能量不再流向励磁线圈，电磁力消失，弹簧系统将动铁芯005退回初始位置，动铁芯005回位的过程中通过拨叉003将驱动齿轮002推回初始位置，弹簧系统也将主触点打开并推回初始位置，起动电机停止工作。
其中，拨叉003位于拨叉座022上，拨叉座022作为拨叉003的支点，拨叉003可以绕该支点做摆动。拨叉003的第一端与驱动齿轮002力学的连接在一起，拨叉003的第二端与拉杆006连接在一起，拨叉003将动铁芯005的运动转输至驱动齿轮002上。
本实施例中的起动机的工作过程如下：
当汽车点火钥匙开关打开时，汽车电源的电流流向开关的励磁线圈而产生电磁力，该电磁力推动动铁芯005朝向静铁芯运动直至接触静铁芯，动铁芯005在运动过程中推动主触点闭合，同时动铁芯005通过拨叉003将驱动齿轮002推向发动机飞轮方向并与飞轮完成啮合；当电磁开关主触点闭合，从汽车电源的电流经主触点流向起动电机，转子产生旋转力矩及转速，力矩及转速经减速器减速后传输至单向器外壳014，经过滚柱020传输至输出轴001，通过螺旋花键将力矩及转速传输至驱动齿轮002，驱动齿轮002开始驱动发动机飞轮；当发动机被成功驱动后，此时单向器处于超越离合的状态，即飞轮的转速不能传输至单向器外壳014；当点火开关断开时，电流不再流向励磁线圈，电磁力消失，弹簧系统将动铁芯005退回初始位置，动铁芯005回位的过程中通过拨叉003将驱动齿轮002推回初始位置，弹簧系统也将主触点打开并推回初始位置，起动电机停止工作。
此实施例中，输出轴001由前盖轴承021和中盖轴承016支撑(即两点一线)，转子轴010由支撑盖轴承023和后盖轴承(图中未示出)支撑；输出轴001的支撑系统和转子轴010的支撑系统是相互独立的，所以单向器完全没有过定位的风险。
其次，单向器外壳014直接通过中盖轴承016由中盖018支撑，行星轮销015固定于单向器外壳014右侧(如图6中所示)，即行星轮销015的位置精度与滚柱 室无关，从而使行星轮013的位置精度得到更好的提高，并提高了行星轮013与太阳轮011和内齿圈012的啮合质量，降低减速器运行过程中的噪音，同时各个行星轮013的受力更加平衡，负载一致，降低减速器中各零件的磨损，降低力矩在传输过程中的损失，提高了起动机寿命。尽管中盖轴承016位于单向器外壳014和中盖018之间，直接固定单向器外壳014，但是，通过将单向器外壳014底部开设底孔，单向器内壳019具有一圆柱形凸块0191，将单向器内壳019的凸块0191嵌入于单向器外壳014的底孔中，实现了单向器内壳019的位置固定。
此外，起动电机气隙所涉及的零件相比于相关技术2中的零件数目大大减少，仅为支撑盖024、支撑盖轴承023、转子轴010、转子芯009以及磁极008，即尺寸链的数目缩小使气隙公差的累加值也可以缩小，因此，相比于相关技术，本公开所提供的起动机，一方面，气隙公差的累加值小时，可以设计比较小的气隙同时也可以避免转子芯009刮到磁极008，而小的气隙尺寸会提高起动电机的输出转矩；另一方面，气隙公差的累加值小使气隙的一致性增加，从而降低转子的振动，而小的振动会降低起动机运行过程中的噪音，同时提高起动机的寿命。
相关技术1的中盖轴承107和相关技术2中的中盖轴承202均位于单向器的左侧，起动机在轴向需要更多的空间给中盖018和中盖轴承016，相当于增加起动机的长度和重量，相应的也增加了起动机的成本。而本公开的中盖轴承016与单向器外壳014处于并列位置，因此起动机在轴向不需要额外的空间给中盖018和中盖轴承016，相当于减小了起动机的长度和重量，相应的也减小了起动机的成本，起动机占用的空间更小，而更加紧凑的起动机是发动机越来越小型化的必然要求。
第二实施例
图7是本公开所提供的第二实施例的起动机的结构示意图，如图7所示，该起动机与第一实施例中的起动机相比，不同之处在于，单向器外壳014的底部为盲孔。
第三实施例
图8是本公开所提供的第三实施例的起动机的结构示意图，如图8所示，该起动机与第一实施例中的起动机相比，不同之处在于，单向器内壳034的底部有一孔，转子轴036有一末端040，该末端040插入该单向器内壳034的底孔中，并且，单向器内壳034和转子轴036之间具有内壳轴承035，末端040并被内壳轴承 035支撑且可旋转，支撑盖039和转子轴036之间没有支撑盖轴承，即原位于第一实施例中支撑盖和转子轴之前的支撑盖轴承可以是设置于本实施例中单向器内壳底孔和转子轴之间。
需要说明的是，尽管本实施例中起动电机气隙涉及的零件包括中盖031、中盖轴承032、单向器外壳033、单向器内壳034、内壳轴承035、转子轴036、转子芯037以及磁极038，其并没有如第一实施例和第二实施例中减少至5个零件，但是该起动电机通过单向器内壳034的圆柱形凸块0341直接嵌入于单向器外壳033的底孔0331中，避开了精度难以控制的滚柱室和滚柱，因此，第三实施例中所提供的减速起动机仍然具有起动电机气隙精度高的技术优点。其中，本实施例中单向器内壳034的圆柱形凸块0341沿轴向设置有上述用于末端040插入的底孔0331。
与相关技术相比较，本公开所提供的起动机具有以下优点：第一、通过单向器外壳014直接通过中盖轴承016由中盖018支撑，解决了单向器过定位，实现单向器和行星轮更精准的定位，改善了零件之间的过度磨损和损坏，避免了减速器运行过程中噪音的增大和异常，起动机的运行更加安全可靠，使用寿命亦相应延长；第二、无需如相关技术中通过提高相关零件加工精度来避免单向器过定位的问题，从而降低了起动机的生产制造成本；第三、减速器中行星轮的准确定位，减少了力矩在传输过程中的损失；第四、通过缩短产生定位公差的尺寸链，或通过避开容易产生尺寸公差和位置公差的滚柱室和滚柱，提高了起动电机的气隙精度，改善了气隙的一致性；第四、中盖轴承032与单向器外壳033处于并列位置，起动机在轴向不需要额外的空间给中盖和中盖轴承032，减小了起动机的长度和重量，相应的也减小了起动机的成本，起动机占用的空间更小，结构更紧凑。
如无特别说明，本文中出现的类似于“第一”、“第二”的限定语并非是指对时间顺序、数量、或者重要性的限定，而仅仅是为了将本技术方案中的一个技术特征与另一个技术特征相区分。同样地，本文中出现的类似于“一”的限定语并非是指对数量的限定，而是描述在前文中未曾出现的技术特征。同样地，本文中在数词前出现的类似于“大约”、“近似地”的修饰语通常包含本数，并且其具体的含义应当结合上下文意理解。同样地，除非是有特定的数量量词修饰的名词，否则在本文中应当视作即包含单数形式又包含复数形式，在该技术方案中即可以包括单数个该技术特征，也可以包括复数个该技术特征。
工业实用性
本公开实现了起动机的单向器过定位、行星轮定位精度低、气隙公差较大的技术问题的解决，同时，进一步改善起动机的运行稳定性，延长使用寿命，降低生产制造成本。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种减速起动机，包括：依次同轴分布的输出轴、单向离合器、减速器、第一盖体、第一盖体轴承、以及起动电机；
    所述起动电机的转子轴插入于所述减速器中，所述起动电机用于产生一旋转力矩；
    所述减速器用于减小所述转子轴的旋转速度，并将所述起动电机的降低后的旋转速度通过所述单向离合器传输至所述输出轴，所述输出轴的一端通过所述第一盖体轴承与所述第一盖体相互连接，其中，所述单向离合器包括单向离合器内壳和单向离合器外壳，所述单向离合器内壳具有一凸块，所述单向器外壳具有一底孔，所述凸块嵌入于所述底孔中，所述单向离合器外壳通过第二盖体轴承与第二盖体相互连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述单向离合器外壳具有外圆柱面，所述外圆柱面伸入所述第二盖体轴承中，并被所述第二盖体轴承支撑，且所述外圆柱面可随所述单向离合器外壳旋转。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述输出轴和所述单向器内壳为一体式结构或分体式结构。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述底孔为一通孔或一盲孔。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述减速器为行星轮系结构。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述第二盖体和所述减速器的内齿圈为整体式结构或分体式结构。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述转子轴通过支撑盖轴承与支撑盖相互连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的减速起动机，其中，所述转子轴的一端插入所述内壳的所述凸块中，所述转子轴和所述凸块之间具有内壳轴承。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的减速器起动机，其中，所述减速器通过行星轮销与所述单向器外壳相互连接。
PCT/CN2017/092761 2016-07-14 2017-07-13 减速起动机 WO2018010670A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610554470.1A CN106014748A (zh) 2016-07-14 2016-07-14 一种减速起动机
CN201610554470.1 2016-07-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018010670A1 true WO2018010670A1 (zh) 2018-01-18

Family

ID=57118920

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/092761 WO2018010670A1 (zh) 2016-07-14 2017-07-13 减速起动机

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106014748A (zh)
WO (1) WO2018010670A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106014748A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种减速起动机
CN106545450A (zh) * 2017-01-25 2017-03-29 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种起动机的小齿轮的拨动控制机构及应用其的起动机

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5321987A (en) * 1990-03-03 1994-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Cranking arrangement with brake device
US6142028A (en) * 1997-04-23 2000-11-07 Denso Corporation Starter motor with speed reduction mechanism
CN1497169A (zh) * 2002-10-04 2004-05-19 ��ʽ�����װ 用于内燃机的起动机的小齿轮推动装置的支撑结构
CN104334869A (zh) * 2012-05-16 2015-02-04 法雷奥电机设备公司 用于燃烧发动机的起动器
CN106014748A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种减速起动机
CN205895475U (zh) * 2016-07-14 2017-01-18 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种减速起动机

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3815446B2 (ja) * 2003-03-11 2006-08-30 株式会社デンソー スタータ
JP2007327443A (ja) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-20 Denso Corp スタータ
DE102012211893B4 (de) * 2012-07-09 2021-03-18 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Frei ausstoßende Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102014207040A1 (de) * 2013-04-29 2014-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5321987A (en) * 1990-03-03 1994-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Cranking arrangement with brake device
US6142028A (en) * 1997-04-23 2000-11-07 Denso Corporation Starter motor with speed reduction mechanism
CN1497169A (zh) * 2002-10-04 2004-05-19 ��ʽ�����װ 用于内燃机的起动机的小齿轮推动装置的支撑结构
CN104334869A (zh) * 2012-05-16 2015-02-04 法雷奥电机设备公司 用于燃烧发动机的起动器
CN106014748A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种减速起动机
CN205895475U (zh) * 2016-07-14 2017-01-18 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种减速起动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106014748A (zh) 2016-10-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR100698524B1 (ko) 스타터
EP2664785B1 (en) Vehicle starter and transmission mechanism for the same
US20080257077A1 (en) Electric Starter Motor with Idle Gear
KR20070042954A (ko) 내연기관을 크랭크하기 위한 일방향 클러치를 구비한스타터
JPWO2006043580A1 (ja) アイドルギヤ付始動電動機
US20050193840A1 (en) Structure of engine starter equipped with planetary gear speed reducer
WO2018010670A1 (zh) 减速起动机
JP2003139031A (ja) スタータ
US20030102741A1 (en) Engagement and disengagement mechanism for a coaxial starter motor assembly
US9057350B2 (en) Starter
US9273660B2 (en) Starter
JP2004301049A (ja) スタータ
JPH0786341B2 (ja) 同軸形スタータ
JP3710696B2 (ja) 車両用交流回転電機
JP4134903B2 (ja) スタータ
CN102667137B (zh) 噪声优化的起动装置
US20130087017A1 (en) Starter
WO2016051979A1 (ja) スタータ
JP2013083165A (ja) スタータ
CN205895475U (zh) 一种减速起动机
JP4474942B2 (ja) スタータの製造方法及びスタータ
JP5472367B2 (ja) エンジン始動装置
JP4174829B2 (ja) スタータ
WO2015182630A1 (ja) スタータ
JP2008240539A (ja) 始動電動機

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17827006

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17827006

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1