WO2018006775A1 - 串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置 - Google Patents

串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018006775A1
WO2018006775A1 PCT/CN2017/091478 CN2017091478W WO2018006775A1 WO 2018006775 A1 WO2018006775 A1 WO 2018006775A1 CN 2017091478 W CN2017091478 W CN 2017091478W WO 2018006775 A1 WO2018006775 A1 WO 2018006775A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
unit
voltage
charging
resistor
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PCT/CN2017/091478
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱伟华
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常州聚为智能科技有限公司
卓尔悦欧洲控股有限公司
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Publication of WO2018006775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018006775A1/zh
Priority to US16/240,809 priority Critical patent/US20190140460A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3646—Constructional arrangements for indicating electrical conditions or variables, e.g. visual or audible indicators
    • H02J7/0021—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of charging technologies, and in particular, to an equalization charging circuit and a device thereof for a series battery.
  • a battery pack composed of a plurality of series cells is mostly charged by a series charging circuit, and the existing series charging circuit is usually designed for a single two or three series battery.
  • the same charging circuit cannot meet the switching usage of two, three, or even more series batteries, that is, there cannot be guaranteed that two, three, or even more series batteries can share the same Charging circuit.
  • the existing charging circuit structure is also complicated and the cost is also high. Therefore, designing a charging circuit with simple structure, low cost, reliability and safety is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the invention provides an equalization charging circuit and a device thereof for a series battery, which have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high reliability and safety.
  • the present invention provides an equalization charging circuit for a series battery, comprising: a control unit, a switching unit, a detecting unit, a voltage detecting unit, and a switching unit, wherein
  • the detecting unit is electrically connected to the control unit and the switch unit, and the detecting unit includes a power component and a detector, and the detector is configured to detect a voltage across the power component and detect Measuring the voltage across the power element to the control unit;
  • the voltage detecting unit is electrically connected to a battery pack composed of a battery in which at least two positive and negative electrodes are sequentially connected in series, and the control unit, for detecting a voltage of each battery in the battery pack, and detecting each of the batteries a voltage of the battery is supplied to the control unit;
  • the control unit is configured to calculate a charging current of a charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack according to a voltage across the power component provided by the detector, when the charging current is greater than a preset current value or When the voltage of each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit is greater than a preset voltage value, sending a disconnection control signal to the switch unit;
  • the switch unit is electrically connected to the control unit and the battery pack, and is configured to disconnect a charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack according to a disconnection control signal sent by the control unit;
  • the switching unit includes at least one switch, each switch being connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a corresponding battery, wherein the switching unit is configured to switch the number of batteries in the battery pack to be charged, if the switch in the switching unit When disconnected, the switch unit is in communication with a path between the corresponding battery connected to the switch. If the switch in the switching unit is turned on, the path between the switch unit and the corresponding battery connected to the switch is not connected. .
  • the circuit further includes: an alarm device, the alarm device is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit is further configured to: when the charging current is greater than the preset current value, or the voltage of each battery detected is greater than When the voltage value is preset, an alarm signal is sent to the alarm device, and the alarm device is used to perform an alarm according to the alarm signal.
  • the circuit further includes: a display device, the display device is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit is further configured to: when the charging current is greater than a preset current value or detected When the voltage of each battery is greater than a preset voltage value, display information is sent to the display device, and the display device is configured to display the display information.
  • control unit includes a controller and a PWM driver, and the controller is electrically connected to the PWM driver, the detecting unit, and the voltage detecting unit.
  • the power component is a first resistor, and one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to one end of the detector and a power supply device, and the other end of the first resistor and another of the detector One end and the switch unit are electrically connected.
  • the switching unit includes an inductor, a diode, a triode, and a first capacitor, one end of the inductor is connected to the first resistor, and the other end of the inductor is connected to an anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode passes through A capacitor is grounded, a base of the triode is electrically connected to the control unit, an emitter of the triode is grounded, and a collector of the triode is connected to an anode of the diode.
  • the circuit further includes: a charging protection unit; the charging protection unit is electrically connected to the control unit and the battery pack, and the charging protection unit is configured to detect each battery in the battery pack a voltage, when detecting that the voltage of each battery is greater than a preset voltage value, sending a notification signal to the control unit, the control unit is further configured to provide a disconnection control signal according to the notification signal sent by the charging protection unit Give the switch unit.
  • the battery pack includes first to nth batteries
  • the charging protection unit includes n-1 resistors, which are a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor to a nth a resistor
  • n-1 capacitors are a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor to an nth capacitor, and a control chip
  • one end of the second resistor is electrically connected between the battery pack and the switch unit The other end is grounded through the second capacitor and is also connected to the first pin of the control chip
  • the third resistor is electrically connected between the battery pack and the switch unit, and the other end is connected to the control chip a second pin is connected
  • one end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected between the first battery and the second battery, and the other end is connected to the third pin of the control chip
  • Connected between the second battery and the third battery, and the other end is connected to the fourth pin of the control chip
  • the present invention provides an equalization charging device for a series battery, which employs the equalization charging circuit described above.
  • the voltage detecting unit detects the voltage of each battery in the battery pack; and the control unit calculates the power supply device and the battery according to the voltage across the power component detected by the detector
  • the charging current of the charging path between the groups when the charging current is greater than the preset current value or the voltage of each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit is greater than the preset voltage value, sending a disconnection control signal to the switching unit;
  • the switching unit is configured according to The disconnection control signal sent by the control unit disconnects the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack, and the switching unit can switch the number of batteries charged in the battery pack, thereby preventing overcharging or overcurrent during battery charging.
  • the safety and reliability of the charging process are improved, and the number of rechargeable batteries can be flexibly switched according to requirements through the switching unit, thereby satisfying the charging switching needs of the plurality of batteries, and the circuit structure is simple and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging circuit of the embodiment includes: a control unit 10 , a switch unit 11 , a detecting unit 12 , and a voltage detecting unit 13 .
  • the battery pack 100 includes a plurality of unit cells T1-Tm (in order, a first battery, a second battery to an mth battery) in which a plurality of positive and negative electrodes are sequentially connected in series.
  • the detecting unit 12 is electrically connected to the control unit 10 and the switch unit 11, wherein the detecting unit The 12 includes a power component and a detector.
  • the detector of the detecting unit 12 is configured to detect the voltage across the power component and provide the voltage across the detected power component to the control unit 10.
  • the voltage detecting unit 13 is electrically connected to the battery pack 100 and the control unit 10 for detecting the voltage of each battery in the battery pack and supplying the detected voltage of each battery to the control unit 10.
  • the voltage of each battery referred to herein refers to the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the battery, that is, the voltage drop across each battery, and the voltage of the entire battery pack is the sum of the voltages of the respective batteries.
  • the voltage detecting unit 13 can be a plurality of voltage detectors having the same number of batteries, and each voltage detector is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of one of the corresponding batteries for detecting the voltage of the corresponding one battery in real time.
  • the control unit 10 is electrically connected to the detecting unit 12 and the voltage detecting unit 13.
  • the control unit 10 is configured to calculate a charging current of a charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack 100 according to the voltage across the detected power component provided by the detector of the detecting unit 12, according to the charging current and/or the voltage detecting unit. 13 detects the voltage of each battery and sends a corresponding control signal to the switch unit 11.
  • the control unit 10 determines that the charging current is greater than the preset current value
  • the control unit 10 sends a disconnection control signal to the switch unit 11, or when it is determined that the voltage of each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit is greater than a preset voltage value, Sending a disconnection control signal to the switch unit 11, or only when the control unit 10 determines that the charging current is greater than the preset current value and determines that the voltage of each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit is greater than a preset voltage value,
  • the control signal is turned on to the switching unit 11.
  • the preset current value can be determined according to the maximum charging current of the battery.
  • the preset current value can be set to 1A or less.
  • the preset voltage value can also be determined according to the upper limit charging voltage of the battery.
  • the preset voltage value can be a value such as 5V.
  • each series battery has a voltage signal supplied to the control unit 10
  • the control unit 10 determines whether the battery is fully charged by the voltage of each battery sampled, if full
  • the control unit 10 provides a control signal to the switch unit 11 to turn off the charging mode of the switch unit 11 to complete the charging process of the entire battery, thereby preventing overcharging of the battery and improving the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • the disconnection control signal is sent to the switching unit 11 to cause the switching unit 11 to turn off the charging mode, thereby preventing an overcurrent phenomenon of the battery during charging.
  • the switch unit 11 is electrically connected to the control unit 10 and the battery pack 100 for disconnecting the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack 100 according to the disconnection control signal sent by the control unit 10.
  • the switching unit 14 is electrically connected to the switch unit 11 and the battery pack 100, and the switching unit 14 is configured to switch the number of series batteries that can be charged in the battery pack. More specifically, the switching unit 14 may include at least one switch, such as switches K1, K2, ..., Kn, each of which is connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of the corresponding battery, and if one of the switching units 14 is turned off, The switch unit 11 is in communication with a path between the corresponding batteries connected to the switch. If the switch in the switching unit 14 is turned on, the path between the switch unit 11 and the corresponding battery connected to the switch is not connected.
  • the equalization charging circuits of the plurality of series batteries can be charged to any one of the batteries by the switches K1, K2, ..., Kn in the switching unit 14, for example, two, three or even more.
  • the equalization charging circuit of the series battery detects the voltage across the power component through the detector of the detecting unit; the voltage detecting unit detects the voltage of each battery in the battery group; the control unit Calculating the charging current of the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack according to the voltage across the power component detected by the detector, and the voltage of each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit is greater than the pre-charge when the charging current is greater than the preset current value
  • the disconnection control signal is sent to the switch unit; the switch unit disconnects the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack according to the disconnection control signal sent by the control unit, and the switching unit can switch the battery pack for charging.
  • the number of batteries thereby preventing overcharging or overcurrent during battery charging, improving the safety and reliability of the charging process, and the number of rechargeable batteries that can be used by the switching unit Flexible switching according to demand, so as to meet the charging switching needs of multiple batteries, in addition, the circuit structure is simple and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 2, in which FIG. 2 is improved on the basis of FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that the equalization charging circuit of the series battery of FIG. 2 may further include a charging protection unit 15.
  • the charging protection unit 15 is electrically connected to the control unit 10 and the battery pack 100, and the charging protection unit 15 is configured to detect the voltage of each battery in the battery pack, and the voltage of each battery detected is greater than a preset voltage value. At the time (the battery is fully charged), a notification signal is sent to the control unit 10.
  • the control unit 10 is further configured to provide a disconnection control signal to the switch unit 11 according to the notification signal sent by the charge protection unit 15, and cause the switch unit 11 to cut off the circuit and stop charging.
  • the charging protection unit 15 in this embodiment can also determine whether the battery is fully charged, and the charging protection unit 15 when all the batteries are fully charged, except that the control unit 10 in the first embodiment can determine whether the battery is fully charged.
  • a notification signal is provided to the control unit 10 to cause the control unit 10 to send a disconnection control signal to the switch unit 11, thereby causing the switch unit 11 to turn off the charging mode, completing the charging process of the entire battery, thereby preventing overcharging of the battery. , further improving the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • the equalization charging circuit of the series battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention further sends a notification signal to the control unit when the voltage of each battery is greater than the preset voltage value (the battery is fully charged) by the charging protection unit.
  • the control unit provides a disconnection control signal to the switch unit according to the notification signal sent by the charging protection unit, so that the switch unit turns off the charging mode, thereby further preventing overcharging during battery charging, improving the safety of the charging process and reliability.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 3, wherein FIG. 3 is improved on the basis of FIG. 3 differs from FIG. 2 in that the equalization charging circuit of the series battery of FIG. 3 may further include an alarm device 40 and/or a display device 41.
  • the alarm device 40 is electrically connected to the control unit 10.
  • control unit 10 is further configured to send an alarm signal to the alarm device 40 when the charging current is greater than the preset current value or when the detected voltage of each battery is greater than the preset voltage value, the alarm device 40 is configured to The signal is alarmed.
  • the alarm device 40 can be a buzzer or an audible and visual alarm for emitting light or sound for alarm.
  • the display device 41 is electrically connected to the control unit 10.
  • control unit 10 is further configured to send display information to the display device 41 when the charging current is greater than the preset current value or when the detected voltage of each battery is greater than the preset voltage value, and the display device 41 is configured to perform the display information. Display to inform the user that the charging current is too large or fully charged.
  • the display device 40 can be a display screen, and the display screen can display the warning information of the charging current being too large or the prompt information of the full charge.
  • the equalization charging circuit of the series battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention also alarms or displays a prompt message when the charging current is too large or fully charged by the alarm device or the display device, so as to prompt the user to take measures in time. Further improve the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an equalization charging circuit of a series battery according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 4, in which FIG. 4 is improved on the basis of FIG. 4 differs from FIG. 3 in that FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of FIG. 3 that provides a specific implementation of the inventive concept.
  • control unit 10 includes a controller 101, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation,
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the pulse width modulation driver 102 is electrically connected to the PWM driver 102, the detecting unit 12, the voltage detecting unit 13, and the charging protection unit 15.
  • the controller 101 can be an MCU (Microcontroller Unit).
  • the controller 101 of the control unit 10 may send a control signal to the PWM driver 102 when the charging current is greater than the preset current value or when the detected voltage of each battery is greater than the preset voltage value, and the PWM driver 102 sends the disconnection according to the control signal.
  • the control signal is supplied to the switch unit 11, which disconnects the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack 100.
  • each series battery will have a voltage signal supplied to the control unit 10, when all the batteries are fully charged during the charging process, the control unit 10 will judge whether the battery is fully charged by the voltage of each battery sampled, and if full, control
  • the controller 101 of the unit 10 provides a control signal to the PWM driver 102, and the PWM driver 102 provides a disconnect control signal to the switch unit 11 to cause the switch unit 11 to turn off the charging mode, thereby preventing overcharging during battery charging. Improves the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • the controller 101 of the control unit 10 also provides a control signal to the PWM driver 102 when the charging current is greater than the preset current value, and the PWM driver 102 provides a disconnection control signal to the switching unit 11 so that the switching unit 11 Turn off the charging mode to prevent overcurrent of the battery.
  • the detecting unit 12 includes a detector 121 (for example, a voltage detector), a power component (for example, a first resistor R1), one end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the detector 121, the PWM driver 102, and the power supply device.
  • the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the other end of the detector 121 and the switch unit 11.
  • the battery can be charged by using a power supply device with a USB interface, and the detecting unit 12 can detect the voltage across the first resistor R1 and provide the detected voltage to the control unit 10, and the control unit The controller 101 in 10 calculates the charging current from the voltage across the sampled first resistor R1.
  • the switch unit 11 includes an inductor L1, a diode D1, a triode Q1, a first capacitor C1, and an electric One end of the sense L1 is connected to the first resistor R1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D1 is grounded through the first capacitor C1, and the base of the transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the PWM driver 102 of the control unit 10. The emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1.
  • the embodiment of the invention limits the charging current through the diode D1, protects the charging circuit of the battery, prevents the battery from being reversely connected, turns on the charging mode and turns off the charging mode by turning on and off the transistor Q1, when the transistor Q1 is turned on, the charging current Directly flowing into the ground, the charging mode is turned off.
  • the transistor Q1 When the transistor Q1 is turned off, the charging current flows directly into the corresponding battery in the battery pack through the diode D1, and enters the charging mode.
  • the transistor Q1 may also be other switching elements, such as transistors or the like.
  • the voltage detecting unit 13 includes a plurality of voltage detectors of the same number as the number of batteries. Each voltage detector is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of one of the corresponding batteries for detecting the voltage of the corresponding one of the batteries in real time.
  • the switching unit 14 includes a plurality of switches K1, K2, ..., Kn, each of which is connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a battery.
  • the charging protection unit 15 includes n-1 resistors, which in turn are a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 to a nth resistor Rn, n-1 capacitors, in turn
  • the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, and the fifth capacitor C5 to the nth capacitor Cn control the chip 151.
  • One end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected between the battery pack and the switch unit 11, and the other end is grounded through the second capacitor C2, and is also connected to the first pin V4 of the control chip 151.
  • the third resistor R3 is electrically connected between the battery pack and the switch unit 11, and the other end is connected to the second pin V4 of the control chip 151.
  • One end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the first battery and the first The other end is connected to the third pin V2 of the control chip 151.
  • One end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected between the second battery and the third battery, and the other end is connected to the fourth pin V1 of the control chip 151.
  • One end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected between the third battery and the fourth battery, and the other end is connected to the fifth pin V0 of the control chip 151.
  • nth resistor Rn is electrically connected between the n-3th battery and the n-2th battery (assuming the battery pack includes the first to nth batteries), and the other end is connected to the n-1th pin Vn of the control chip 151. -1 is connected.
  • the output pin OUT of the control chip 151 is connected to the controller 101 of the control unit 10. Where n is an integer greater than 3.
  • the control chip 151 further includes a pin CD and a pin VSS.
  • a capacitor C6 is also connected between the pin CD and the pin VSS.
  • the pin CD of the control chip 151 is also grounded through the capacitor C6.
  • control chip 151 has separate pins connected to the positive and negative poles of each battery through respective resistors.
  • the control chip 151 sends a notification signal to the control unit 10 through the output pin OUT.
  • the control unit 10 sends a control signal to the PWM driver 101, and then the PWM driver 101 sends a disconnection control signal to the switch unit 11, thereby causing the switch unit 11 to turn off the charging mode, completing the charging process of the entire battery, thereby preventing the battery from passing.
  • Charging phenomenon improves the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • the control chip 151 can be provided with more pins and connected to the corresponding battery positive and negative terminals, thereby supporting more batteries to be used in series.
  • the detector 121 in the detecting unit 12 detects the voltage across the first resistor R1 of the power component; the voltage detector in the voltage detecting unit 13 detects the voltage of each battery in the battery pack; the controller in the control unit 10
  • the charging current of the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack is calculated according to the voltage across the first resistor R1 detected by the detecting unit, and each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit 13 when the charging current is greater than the preset current value
  • the controller 101 sends a control signal to the PWM driver 102.
  • the PWM driver 102 sends a disconnection control signal to the transistor Q1 of the switch unit 11 according to the control signal; the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the charging current flows directly.
  • the controller 101 of the control unit 10 also provides a control signal to the PWM driver 102 when the charging current is greater than the preset current value.
  • the PWM driver 102 provides a disconnect control signal to the transistor Q1 of the switching unit 11, the transistor Q1.
  • the charging current flows directly into the ground line, thereby disconnecting the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack, and the charging mode is turned off, thereby preventing the battery from overcurrent.
  • the charging protection unit 15 can detect the voltage of each battery in the battery pack, and when detecting that the voltage of each battery is greater than the preset voltage value, send a notification signal to the controller 101 in the control unit, and the controller according to the charging
  • the notification signal sent by the protection unit 15 sends a control signal to the PWM driver 102.
  • the PWM driver 102 sends an off control signal to the transistor Q1 of the switch unit 11 according to the control signal; the transistor Q1 is turned on, thereby disconnecting the power supply device and the battery pack.
  • the charging path between the batteries prevents overcharging of the battery and improves the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • the number of rechargeable series batteries can be flexibly switched according to requirements, for example, if the switch K1 is closed, the battery other than the first battery can be charged, if the switch When K1 and K2 are closed at the same time, batteries other than the first battery and the second battery can be charged, and if the switches K1 and K2 are both turned off, all the batteries in the battery pack can be charged.
  • the control unit 10 sends an alarm signal to the alarm device 40, and the alarm device 40 performs an alarm according to the alarm signal, for example, can emit light. Or the sound is alarmed to prompt the user to take timely measures to further improve the safety and reliability of the charging process.
  • the control unit 10 transmits display information to the display device 41, and the display device 41 displays the display information, for example, may display Warning message for current or message with full charge, In order to prompt the user to take timely measures, the safety and reliability of the charging process can be further improved.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further discloses an equalization charging device for a series battery, including the equalization charging circuit of the series battery in the above embodiment.
  • the equalization charging circuit and device of the serial battery detect the voltage across the power component through the detector of the detecting unit; the voltage detecting unit detects the voltage of each battery in the battery group; The control unit calculates a charging current of the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack according to the voltage across the power component detected by the detector, and when the charging current is greater than the preset current value or the voltage of each battery detected by the voltage detecting unit When the voltage is greater than the preset voltage value, the disconnection control signal is sent to the switch unit; the switch unit disconnects the charging path between the power supply device and the battery pack according to the disconnection control signal sent by the control unit, and the switching unit can switch between the battery packs.
  • the number of charged batteries thereby preventing overcharging or overcurrent during battery charging, improving the safety and reliability of the charging process, and the number of rechargeable batteries can be flexibly switched according to requirements by the switching unit, thereby It satisfies the need for charging switching of a plurality of batteries, and the circuit structure is simple and the cost is low.

Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置，所述电路包括：控制单元、开关单元、侦测单元、电压检测单元和切换单元，侦测单元的侦测器用于侦测功率元件两端的电压；电压检测单元用于检测电池组中的每个电池的电压；控制单元用于根据侦测器侦测的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在充电电流大于预设电流值时或电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号；开关单元用于根据断开控制信号，断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径；切换单元用于切换电池组中进行充电的电池的数量。本发明串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置结构简单、成本较低，并且可靠性和安全性高。

Description

串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及充电技术领域，特别涉及一种串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置。
背景技术
目前，储能电池的应用越来越广泛，这就产生了为这些多个串联储能电池进行充电的问题。多个串联电池组成的电池组大都采用串联充电电路进行充电，并且现有的串联充电电路通常是针对单一的两个或者三个串联电池的设计方案。其至少存在以下问题：首先，同一充电电路不能满足两个、三个、甚至更多个的串联电池数量的切换使用，即无法保证两个、三个、甚至更多个的串联电池能共用同一充电电路。另外，对于一般的消费类电子产品而言，现有的充电电路结构也较为复杂，成本也偏高。因此设计一种结构简单、成本较低、可靠性和安全性的充电电路，是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置，其结构简单、成本较低，可靠性和安全性高。
所述技术方案如下：
本发明提供了一种串联电池的均衡充电电路，其包括：控制单元、开关单元、侦测单元、电压检测单元、切换单元，其中，
所述侦测单元，与所述控制单元和所述开关单元电性相连，侦测单元包括功率元件和侦测器，所述侦测器用于侦测所述功率元件两端的电压，并将侦测的功率元件两端的电压提供给所述控制单元；
所述电压检测单元，电性连接至由至少两个正负极依次串联的电池组成的电池组和所述控制单元，用于检测电池组中的每个电池的电压，并将检测的每个电池的电压提供给所述控制单元；
所述控制单元，用于根据所述侦测器提供的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在所述充电电流大于预设电流值时或所述电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号给所述开关单元；
所述开关单元，与所述控制单元、所述电池组电性相连，用于根据所述控制单元发送的断开控制信号，断开所述供电设备与所述电池组之间的充电路径；
所述切换单元，包括至少一个开关，每个开关连接于对应的电池的正极与负极之间，所述切换单元用于切换电池组中进行充电的电池的数量，若所述切换单元中的开关断开，则所述开关单元与连接于开关的对应电池之间的路径连通，若所述切换单元中的开关导通，则所述开关单元与连接于开关的对应电池之间的路径不连通。
进一步地，所述电路还包括：报警装置，所述报警装置与所述控制单元电性相连，所述控制单元还用于在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送报警信号给所述报警装置，所述报警装置用于根据报警信号进行报警。
进一步地，所述电路还包括：显示装置，所述显示装置与所述控制单元电性相连，所述控制单元还用于在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的 每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送显示信息给所述显示装置，所述显示装置用于对所述显示信息进行显示。
进一步地，所述控制单元包括控制器、PWM驱动器，所述控制器与所述PWM驱动器、所述侦测单元、所述电压检测单元电性相连。
进一步地，所述功率元件为第一电阻，所述第一电阻的一端与所述侦测器的一端、供电设备电性相连，所述第一电阻的另一端与所述侦测器的另一端、所述开关单元电性相连。
进一步地，所述开关单元包括电感、二极管、三极管、第一电容，所述电感的一端与所述第一电阻相连，所述电感的另一端与二极管的阳极相连，所述二极管的阴极通过第一电容接地，所述三极管的基极与所述控制单元电性相连，所述三极管的发射极接地，所述三极管的集电极与二极管的阳极相连。
进一步地，电池的数量与开关的数量满足如下公式：M>＝N+2，其中，M>＝2，M为电池的数量，N为开关的数量。
进一步地，所述电路还包括：充电保护单元；所述充电保护单元与所述控制单元、所述电池组电性相连，所述充电保护单元用于检测所述电池组中的每个电池的电压，在检测到每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送通知信号给所述控制单元，所述控制单元还用于根据所述充电保护单元发送的通知信号，提供断开控制信号给所述开关单元。
进一步地，所述电池组包括第一至第n电池，所述充电保护单元包括n-1个电阻依次为第二电阻、第三电阻、第四电阻、第五电阻、第六电阻至第n电阻，n-1个电容依次为第二电容、第三电容、第四电容、第五电容至第n电容，控制芯片；所述第二电阻的一端电性连接于电池组和开关单元之间，另一端通过第二电容接地，还与所述控制芯片的第一引脚相连；所述第三电阻电性连接于电池组和开关单元之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的 第二引脚相连；所述第四电阻的一端电性连接于第一电池与第二电池之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第三引脚相连；所述第五电阻的一端电性连接于第二电池与第三电池之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第四引脚相连；所述第六电阻的一端电性连接于第三电池与第四电池之间，另一端与控制芯片的第五引脚相连；所述第n电阻的一端电性连接于第n-3电池与第n-2电池之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第n-1引脚相连；所述控制芯片的输出引脚与所述控制单元的控制器相连，n为大于3的整数。
本发明提供了一种串联电池的均衡充电装置，其应用上述的均衡充电电路。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：
通过侦测单元的侦测器侦测功率元件两端的电压；电压检测单元检测电池组中的每个电池的电压；控制单元根据侦测器侦测的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在充电电流大于预设电流值时或电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号给开关单元；开关单元根据控制单元发送的断开控制信号，断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径，切换单元可以切换电池组中进行充电的电池的数量，从而防止了电池充电过程中的过充或过流现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性，并且通过切换单元可以对可充电的电池的数量根据需求灵活切换，从而满足多个电池的充电切换需要，此外此电路结构简单，成本较低。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图，详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的结构框图；
图2是本发明第二实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的结构框图；
图3是本发明第三实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的结构框图；
图4是本发明第四实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的串联电池的均衡充电电路及其装置其具体实施方式、结构、特征及功效，详细说明如后。
有关本发明的前述及其他技术内容、特点及功效，在以下配合参考图式的较佳实施例详细说明中将可清楚的呈现。通过具体实施方式的说明，当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效得以更加深入且具体的了解，然而所附图式仅是提供参考与说明之用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
第一实施例
图1是本发明第一实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的结构框图。所述串联电池的均衡充电电路用于对至少两个串联电池构成的电池组100进行可靠、安全地充电，并且结构简单、成本较低。请参考图1，本实施例的充电电路包括：控制单元10、开关单元11、侦测单元12、电压检测单元13。
具体地，电池组100包括多个正负极依次串联的单体电池T1-Tm(依次为第一电池、第二电池至第m电池)。
侦测单元12，与控制单元10和开关单元11电性相连，其中侦测单元 12包括一功率元件和侦测器，侦测单元12的侦测器用于侦测该功率元件两端的电压，并将侦测的功率元件两端的电压提供给控制单元10。
电压检测单元13，电性连接至电池组100和控制单元10，用于检测电池组中的每个电池的电压，并将检测的每个电池的电压提供给控制单元10。这里所指的每个电池的电压是指电池正负极的电压差，即每个电池上的压降，整个电池组的电压即为各个电池的电压之和。电压检测单元13可以为多个与电池数量相同的电压检测器，每一电压检测器电性连接至其中一个对应的电池的正极与负极，用于实时检测对应的一个电池的电压。
控制单元10，电性连接侦测单元12与电压检测单元13。控制单元10用于根据侦测单元12的侦测器提供的侦测的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组100之间的充电路径的充电电流，根据充电电流和/或电压检测单元13检测的每个电池的电压，发送相应的控制信号给开关单元11。具体地，控制单元10若判断出充电电流大于预设电流值时，则发送断开控制信号给开关单元11，或者当判断出电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号给开关单元11，又或者只有当控制单元10若判断出充电电流大于预设电流值且判断出电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送断开控制信号给开关单元11。预设电流值可以根据电池的最大充电电流决定，例如，若充电电流超过1A会烧坏电池，则预设电流值可以设置为小于等于1A。预设电压值也可以根据电池的上限充电电压决定，例如，预设电压值可以为5V等数值。
其中，因每个串联电池都会有一个电压信号提供给控制单元10，充电过程中当所有的电池充满电时，控制单元10会通过采样的每个电池的电压来判断电池是否充满电，如果充满，控制单元10会提供一个控制信号给开关单元11，以使开关单元11关断充电模式，完成整个电池的充电过程，从而防止了电池的过充现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。同时，还 在充电电流大于预设电流值时，则发送断开控制信号给开关单元11，以使开关单元11关断充电模式，从而防止了电池在充电过程中的过流现象。
开关单元11，与控制单元10、电池组100电性相连，用于根据控制单元10发送的断开控制信号，断开供电设备与电池组100之间的充电路径。
切换单元14，与开关单元11、电池组100电性相连，切换单元14用于切换电池组中可以进行充电的串联电池的数量。更具体地，切换单元14可以包括至少一个开关，例如开关K1、K2、…、Kn，每个开关连接于对应的电池的正极与负极之间，若切换单元14中的一个开关断开，则开关单元11与连接于此开关的对应电池之间的路径连通，若切换单元14中的此开关导通，则开关单元11与连接于开关的对应电池之间的路径不连通。
例如，若开关K1合上，则可以对除了第一电池之外的其他电池进行充电，若开关K1和K2同时合上，则可以对除了第一电池和第二电池之外的其他电池进行充电，若开关K1和K2均断开，可以对电池组中的所有电池进行充电。因此，通过切换单元14中的开关K1、K2、…、Kn可以使得多个串联电池的均衡充电电路对任意个的电池进行充电，例如两个、三个甚至更多个。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路，通过侦测单元的侦测器侦测功率元件两端的电压；电压检测单元检测电池组中的每个电池的电压；控制单元根据侦测器侦测的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在充电电流大于预设电流值时或电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号给开关单元；开关单元根据控制单元发送的断开控制信号，断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径，切换单元可以切换电池组中进行充电的电池的数量，从而防止了电池充电过程中的过充或过流现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性，并且通过切换单元可以对可充电的电池的数量 根据需求灵活切换，从而满足多个电池的充电切换需要，此外此电路结构简单，成本较低。
第二实施例
图2是本发明第二实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的结构框图。请参考图2，其中，图2是在图1的基础上改进而来的。图2与图1的区别在于，图2的串联电池的均衡充电电路还可以包括充电保护单元15。
具体地，充电保护单元15，与控制单元10、电池组100电性相连，充电保护单元15用于检测电池组中的每个电池的电压，在检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时(电池充满电)，则发送通知信号给控制单元10。优选地，控制单元10还用于根据充电保护单元15发送的通知信号，提供断开控制信号给开关单元11，使开关单元11切断电路，停止充电。
其中，除了第一实施例中的控制单元10可以自行判断电池是否充满电之外，本实施例中的充电保护单元15也可以判断电池是否充满电，当所有的电池充满电时充电保护单元15会提供一个通知信号给控制单元10，以使控制单元10发送断开控制信号给开关单元11，从而使得开关单元11关断充电模式，完成整个电池的充电过程，从而防止了电池的过充现象，进一步提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路，还通过充电保护单元在检测每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时(电池充满电)，则发送通知信号给控制单元，控制单元根据充电保护单元发送的通知信号，提供断开控制信号给开关单元，以使开关单元关断充电模式，从而进一步防止了电池充电过程中的过充现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。
第三实施例
图3是本发明第三实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的结构框图。请参考图3，其中，图3是在图2的基础上改进而来的。图3与图2的区别在于，图3的串联电池的均衡充电电路还可以包括报警装置40和/或显示装置41。
具体地，报警装置40，与控制单元10电性相连。
优选地，控制单元10还用于在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送报警信号给报警装置40，所述报警装置40用于根据报警信号进行报警。其中，报警装置40可以为蜂鸣器或声光报警器，用于发出光或声音进行报警。
显示装置41，与控制单元10电性相连。
优选地，控制单元10还用于在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送显示信息给显示装置41，显示装置41用于对显示信息进行显示，以提示用户充电电流过大或已充满电等信息。其中，显示装置40可以为显示屏，显示屏上可以显示充电电流过大的警示信息或已充满电的提示信息。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路，还通过报警装置或显示装置在充电电流过大或已充满电时进行报警或显示提示信息，以提示用户及时采取措施，能够进一步提高充电过程的安全性和可靠性。
第四实施例
图4是本发明第五实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路的电路图。请参考图4，其中，图4是在图3的基础上改进而来的。图4与图3的区别在于，图4是图3的提供了一种具体的实现本发明构思的电路图。
具体地，控制单元10包括控制器101、PWM(Pulse Width Modulation， 脉冲宽度调制)驱动器102，控制器101与PWM驱动器102、侦测单元12、电压检测单元13、充电保护单元15电性相连。
其中，控制器101可以为MCU(Microcontroller Unit，微控制单元)。控制单元10的控制器101可以在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送控制信号给PWM驱动器102，PWM驱动器102根据此控制信号发送断开控制信号给开关单元11，开关单元11断开供电设备与电池组100之间的充电路径。因每个串联电池都会有一个电压信号提供给控制单元10，充电过程中当所有的电池充满电时，控制单元10会通过采样的每个电池的电压来判断电池是否充满电，如果充满，控制单元10的控制器101会提供一个控制信号给PWM驱动器102，PWM驱动器102提供断开控制信号给开关单元11，以使开关单元11关断充电模式，从而防止了电池充电过程中的过充现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。同时，控制单元10的控制器101还在充电电流大于预设电流值时，同样也会提供一个控制信号给PWM驱动器102，PWM驱动器102提供断开控制信号给开关单元11，以使开关单元11关断充电模式，从而防止了电池的过流现象。
侦测单元12包括侦测器121(例如可以为电压侦测器)、功率元件(例如第一电阻R1)，第一电阻R1的一端与侦测器121的一端、PWM驱动器102、供电设备电性相连，第一电阻R1的另一端与侦测器121的另一端、开关单元11电性相连。
其中，本实施例中，可以采用具有USB接口的供电设备等对电池进行充电，侦测单元12可以侦测第一电阻R1两端的电压，并将侦测的电压提供给控制单元10，控制单元10中的控制器101通过采样的第一电阻R1两端的电压计算出充电电流。
开关单元11包括电感L1、二极管D1、三极管Q1、第一电容C1，电 感L1的一端与第一电阻R1相连，电感L1的另一端与二极管D1的阳极相连，二极管D1的阴极通过第一电容C1接地，三极管Q1的基极与控制单元10的PWM驱动器102电性相连，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极与二极管D1的阳极相连。
其中，本发明实施例通过二极管D1限制充电电流，保护电池的充电电路，防止电池反接，通过三极管Q1的导通和截止来打开充电模式和关断充电模式，当三极管Q1导通，充电电流直接流进地线，充电模式关断，当三极管Q1截止，充电电流直接通过二极管D1流进电池组中的相应电池，进入充电模式。在本发明其他实施例中，三极管Q1也可以为其他开关元件，例如晶体管等。
电压检测单元13包括多个与电池数量相同的电压检测器。每一电压检测器电性连接至其中一个对应的电池的正极与负极，用于实时检测对应的一个电池的电压。
切换单元14包括多个开关K1、K2、…、Kn，每个开关连接于一个电池的正极与负极之间。
其中，电池的数量与开关的数量满足如下公式：M>＝N+2，其中，M>＝2，M为电池的数量，N为开关的数量，通过切换单元14中的多个开关，可以使得可充电的串联电池的数量根据需求灵活切换。
充电保护单元15包括n-1个电阻，依次为第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6至第n电阻Rn，n-1个电容，依次为第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第四电容C4、第五电容C5至第n电容Cn，控制芯片151。第二电阻R2的一端电性连接于电池组和开关单元11之间，另一端通过第二电容C2接地，还与控制芯片151的第一引脚V4相连。第三电阻R3电性连接于电池组和开关单元11之间，另一端与控制芯片151的第二引脚V4相连。第四电阻R4的一端电性连接于第一电池与第 二电池之间，另一端与控制芯片151的第三引脚V2相连。第五电阻R5的一端电性连接于第二电池与第三电池之间，另一端与控制芯片151的第四引脚V1相连。第六电阻R6的一端电性连接于第三电池与第四电池之间，另一端与控制芯片151的第五引脚V0相连。第n电阻Rn的一端电性连接于第n-3电池与第n-2电池(假设电池组包括第一至第n电池)之间，另一端与控制芯片151的第n-1引脚Vn-1相连。控制芯片151的输出引脚OUT与控制单元10的控制器101相连。其中，n为大于3的整数。控制芯片151还包括一引脚CD和一引脚VSS，引脚CD和引脚VSS之间还连接一电容C6，控制芯片151的引脚CD还通过电容C6接地。
其中，控制芯片151有单独引脚通过相应电阻连接到每个电池的正负极上，当每个电池都充满电的时候，控制芯片151会通过输出引脚OUT发送一个通知信号给控制单元10，控制单元10发送一个控制信号给PWM驱动器101，然后PWM驱动器101发送断开控制信号给开关单元11，从而使得开关单元11关断充电模式，完成整个电池的充电过程，从而防止了电池的过充现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。控制芯片151可以设置更多的引脚，并且连接相应的电池正负极，从而支持更多电池串联使用。
下面详细说明充电电路的充电过程及其防止过充、过流等过程：
侦测单元12中的侦测器121侦测功率元件的第一电阻R1两端的电压；电压检测单元13中的电压检测器检测电池组中的每个电池的电压；控制单元10中的控制器101根据侦测单元侦测的第一电阻R1两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在充电电流大于预设电流值时或电压检测单元13检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则控制器101发送控制信号给PWM驱动器102，PWM驱动器102根据此控制信号发送断开控制信号给开关单元11的三极管Q1；三极管Q1导通，充电电流直接流进地线，从而断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径，充电模式 关断，从而防止了电池充电过程中的过充现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。同时，控制单元10的控制器101还在充电电流大于预设电流值时，同样也会提供一个控制信号给PWM驱动器102，PWM驱动器102提供断开控制信号给开关单元11的三极管Q1，三极管Q1导通，充电电流直接流进地线，从而断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径，充电模式关断，从而防止了电池的过流现象。
此外，充电保护单元15可以检测电池组中的每个电池的电压，在检测到每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送通知信号给控制单元中的控制器101，控制器根据充电保护单元15发送的通知信号，发送控制信号给PWM驱动器102，PWM驱动器102根据此控制信号发送断开控制信号给开关单元11的三极管Q1；三极管Q1导通，从而断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径，从而防止了电池的过充现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性。
此外，通过切换单元14中的多个开关，可以使得可充电的串联电池的数量根据需求灵活切换，例如若开关K1合上，则可以对除了第一电池之外的其他电池进行充电，若开关K1和K2同时合上，则可以对除了第一电池和第二电池之外的其他电池进行充电，若开关K1和K2均断开，可以对电池组中的所有电池进行充电。
此外，控制单元10在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送报警信号给报警装置40，报警装置40根据报警信号进行报警，例如可以发出光或声音进行报警，以提示用户及时采取措施，能够进一步提高充电过程的安全性和可靠性。
此外，控制单元10在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送显示信息给显示装置41，显示装置41对显示信息进行显示，例如可以显示超出电流的警示信息或已充满电的提示信息， 以提示用户及时采取措施，能够进一步提高充电过程的安全性和可靠性。
根据以上实施例，本发明实施例还公开了一种串联电池的均衡充电装置，包括上述实施例中的串联电池的均衡充电电路。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的串联电池的均衡充电电路和装置，通过侦测单元的侦测器侦测功率元件两端的电压；电压检测单元检测电池组中的每个电池的电压；控制单元根据侦测器侦测的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在充电电流大于预设电流值时或电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号给开关单元；开关单元根据控制单元发送的断开控制信号，断开供电设备与电池组之间的充电路径，切换单元可以切换电池组中进行充电的电池的数量，从而防止了电池充电过程中的过充或过流现象，提高了充电过程的安全性和可靠性，并且通过切换单元可以对可充电的电池的数量根据需求灵活切换，从而满足多个电池的充电切换需要，此外此电路结构简单，成本较低。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种串联电池的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，其包括：控制单元、开关单元、侦测单元、电压检测单元、切换单元，其中，
    所述侦测单元，与所述控制单元和所述开关单元电性相连，所述侦测单元包括功率元件和侦测器，所述侦测器用于侦测所述功率元件两端的电压，并将侦测的功率元件两端的电压提供给所述控制单元；
    所述电压检测单元，电性连接至由至少两个正负极依次串联的电池组成的电池组和所述控制单元，用于检测电池组中的每个电池的电压，并将检测的每个电池的电压提供给所述控制单元；
    所述控制单元，用于根据所述侦测器提供的功率元件两端的电压计算出供电设备与所述电池组之间的充电路径的充电电流，在所述充电电流大于预设电流值时或所述电压检测单元检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送断开控制信号给所述开关单元；
    所述开关单元，与所述控制单元、所述电池组电性相连，用于根据所述控制单元发送的断开控制信号，断开所述供电设备与所述电池组之间的充电路径；
    所述切换单元，包括至少一个开关，每个开关连接于对应的电池的正极与负极之间，所述切换单元用于切换电池组中进行充电的电池的数量，若所述切换单元中的开关断开，则所述开关单元与连接于该开关的对应电池之间的路径连通，若所述切换单元中的开关导通，则所述开关单元与连接于该开关的对应电池之间的路径不连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，还包括：报警装置，所述报警装置与所述控制单元电性相连，所述控制单元还用于在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发 送报警信号给所述报警装置，所述报警装置用于根据所述报警信号进行报警。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，还包括：显示装置，所述显示装置与所述控制单元电性相连，所述控制单元还用于在充电电流大于预设电流值时或检测的每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，发送显示信息给所述显示装置，所述显示装置用于对所述显示信息进行显示。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，所述控制单元包括控制器、PWM驱动器，所述控制器与所述PWM驱动器、所述侦测单元、所述电压检测单元电性相连。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，所述功率元件为第一电阻，所述第一电阻的一端与所述侦测器的一端、供电设备电性相连，所述第一电阻的另一端与所述侦测器另一端、所述开关单元电性相连。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，所述开关单元包括电感、二极管、三极管、第一电容，所述电感的一端与所述第一电阻相连，所述电感的另一端与二极管的阳极相连，所述二极管的阴极通过第一电容接地，所述三极管的基极与所述控制单元电性相连，所述三极管的发射极接地，所述三极管的集电极与二极管的阳极相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，所述电池的数量与开关的数量满足如下公式：M>＝N+2，其中，M>＝2，M为电池的数量，N为开关的数量。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，还包括：充电保护单元；所述充电保护单元与所述控制单元、所述电池组电性相连，所述充电保护单元用于检测所述电池组中的每个电池的电压，在检测到每个电池的电压大于预设电压值时，则发送通知信号给所述控制单元，所述控 制单元还用于根据所述充电保护单元发送的通知信号，提供断开控制信号给所述开关单元。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的均衡充电电路，其特征在于，所述电池组包括第一至第n电池，所述充电保护单元包括n-1个电阻依次为第二电阻、第三电阻、第四电阻、第五电阻、第六电阻至第n电阻，n-1个电容依次为第二电容、第三电容、第四电容、第五电容至第n电容，控制芯片；所述第二电阻的一端电性连接于电池组和开关单元之间，另一端通过第二电容接地，还与所述控制芯片的第一引脚相连；所述第三电阻电性连接于电池组和开关单元之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第二引脚相连；所述第四电阻的一端电性连接于第一电池与第二电池之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第三引脚相连；所述第五电阻的一端电性连接于第二电池与第三电池之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第四引脚相连；所述第六电阻的一端电性连接于第三电池与第四电池之间，另一端与控制芯片的第五引脚相连；所述第n电阻的一端电性连接于第n-3电池与第n-2电池之间，另一端与所述控制芯片的第n-1引脚相连；所述控制芯片的输出引脚与所述控制单元的控制器相连，n为大于3的整数。
  10. 一种串联电池的均衡充电装置，其特征在于，其应用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的均衡充电电路。
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