WO2018000838A1 - 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018000838A1
WO2018000838A1 PCT/CN2017/074691 CN2017074691W WO2018000838A1 WO 2018000838 A1 WO2018000838 A1 WO 2018000838A1 CN 2017074691 W CN2017074691 W CN 2017074691W WO 2018000838 A1 WO2018000838 A1 WO 2018000838A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
light
dimming glass
trans
transparent substrates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/074691
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周国富
胡小文
李楠
Original Assignee
深圳市国华光电科技有限公司
深圳市国华光电研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市国华光电科技有限公司, 深圳市国华光电研究院 filed Critical 深圳市国华光电科技有限公司
Publication of WO2018000838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000838A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1313—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells specially adapted for a particular application
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of building household living materials, in particular to a trans-dimming glass based on electrical response and a preparation method thereof.
  • the color dimming glass made of colored glass or color film has greatly reduced the light transmittance after being energized, and the glass exhibits a strong color, which affects the use effect and appearance of the dimming glass.
  • the glass window is generally coated so that light of a certain wavelength in the light can be reflected or transmitted by the glass window. According to different reflective and light transmission requirements, different materials can be used.
  • the existing window glass has a coating layer on the surface of the glass, and the coating layer has a high blocking effect on visible light, and thus has a good concealing effect on the interior of the vehicle.
  • the coated glass has a great influence on the visibility of the outside of the vehicle at the same time, and once the structure of the coated glass is formed, the optical performance of the coated glass does not change with the environment or personal preference for reversible shading, which is difficult to satisfy.
  • the public is constantly changing the needs of the dark and dark environment in the car.
  • the coated glass used in the existing window can satisfy the reflection of light of a certain wavelength in visible light after molding, and once the coated glass is formed, the shading adjustment cannot be realized.
  • dimming glass can replace the role of the curtain to a certain extent, and solve the limitation of the coated glass in the window glass.
  • home glass windows and other aspects have a good application prospects.
  • One of the dimming glass based on electrical response adjusts the liquid crystal steering by energizing and de-energizing, and then adjusts the transmission, scattering or reflection of light.
  • the current dimming glass based on electrical response is powered by the alignment layer. The action causes the liquid crystal molecules to rotate back to the original state, and there is a problem that the response speed is slow and it takes a long time to restore the initial state.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a responsive light-based trans-dimming glass and a preparation method thereof.
  • a trans-dimming glass based on electrical response comprising two transparent substrates disposed oppositely, wherein the two transparent substrates are packaged to form an adjustment zone, and the adjustment zone is filled with a liquid crystal mixture, the liquid crystal mixture
  • the invention comprises a photopolymerizable liquid crystal monomer, a photoinitiator and a negative liquid crystal. Under the action of ultraviolet light and a photoinitiator, the liquid crystal monomer polymerizes to form a polymer network, and the negative liquid crystal is dispersed in the polymer network.
  • the negative liquid crystal When a voltage is not applied between the light-transmitting substrates, the negative liquid crystal is arranged in a single domain perpendicular to the light-transmitting substrate, and when a voltage is applied between the light-transmitting substrates, due to the polymer network The irregular distribution is such that the negative liquid crystal is arranged in a multi-domain parallel to the light-transmitting substrate.
  • the opposite surfaces of the two transparent substrates are coated with a vertical alignment layer.
  • the liquid crystal mixture further includes a dichroic dye molecule dispersed in the polymer network.
  • the dichroic dye molecules are unequal in size in a direction parallel to the light transmissive substrate and in a direction perpendicular to the light transmissive substrate.
  • the liquid crystal mixture comprises 1.5-5 parts by mass of liquid crystal monomer, 0.06-0.18 parts by mass of dichroic dye molecules, 0.25-0.75 parts by mass of photoinitiator, and 70-100 parts by mass. Negative liquid crystal.
  • the trans-dimming glass further includes a power component, and the two transparent substrates are electrically connected to the two poles of the power component.
  • the two transparent substrates each comprise a substrate and a transparent electrode disposed on the surface of the substrate, and the two transparent electrodes are electrically connected to the two poles of the power component.
  • a package plastic frame is disposed between the two transparent substrates, and the package plastic frame encapsulates the two transparent substrates to form an adjustment area, and the package rubber frame is disposed. There are gaps for controlling the pitch of the two transparent substrates.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a trans-light-adjusting glass based on electrical response as described above, comprising the steps of:
  • S1 preparing two transparent substrates, respectively coating a vertical alignment layer on one surface of the two transparent substrates;
  • S6 The two transparent substrates are electrically connected to the two poles of the power component.
  • the S3 is a liquid crystal monomer, a dichroic dye, a photoinitiator, and a negative liquid crystal, mixed, and injected into the liquid crystal cell.
  • the present invention provides a trans-dimming glass based on electrical response, comprising two transparent substrates disposed oppositely, between the two transparent substrates
  • the encapsulation forms an adjustment zone filled with a liquid crystal mixture comprising a photopolymerizable liquid crystal monomer, a photoinitiator and a negative liquid crystal, the liquid crystal monomer under the action of ultraviolet light and a photoinitiator Polymerizing to form a polymer network, wherein the negative liquid crystal is dispersed in the polymer network, and when a voltage is not applied between the light-transmitting substrates, the negative liquid crystal is arranged in a single domain perpendicular to the light-transmitting substrate Visible light is transmitted from the liquid crystal mixture; when a voltage is applied between the light-transmitting substrates, the negative liquid crystal is turned in a direction parallel to the light-transmitting substrate, due to irregular distribution of the polymer network,
  • the negative liquid crystal is
  • the conventional dimming glass relies on the action of the alignment layer to cause the liquid crystal molecules to rotate back to the initial state, and the response speed is slow, and the present invention mainly relies on the recovery of the polymer network to drive negative
  • the liquid crystal is turned, the response speed is faster than the traditional dimming glass; in addition, the formation of a polymer network in the adjustment zone makes the dimming glass have stronger light scattering and lower transmittance when voltage is applied.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of a trans dimming glass
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the trans dimming glass when no voltage is applied
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the trans dimming glass when a voltage is applied
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the trans-dimming glass when a voltage is applied
  • Figure 5 is a physical diagram of the trans dimming glass when no voltage is applied
  • Figure 6 is a physical diagram of the trans dimming glass when a voltage is applied
  • Example 7 is a transmission spectrum of the trans-dimming glass of Example 1 when no voltage is applied and 20 V, 30 V is applied;
  • Figure 8 is a response time chart of the trans dimming glass of Example 1.
  • Fig. 9 is a transmission spectrum of the trans-dimming glass of Comparative Example 1 when no voltage is applied and voltage is applied.
  • FIG. 1 is a top structural view of a trans-dimming glass.
  • the present invention provides a trans-dimming glass based on electrical response, comprising two transparent substrates and a power component 1 disposed opposite to each other.
  • the transparent substrate is electrically connected to the two poles of the power module 1 respectively.
  • Each of the two transparent substrates includes a substrate 2 and a transparent electrode 3 disposed on a surface of the substrate 2, and the two transparent electrodes 3 are electrically connected to the two poles of the power module 1 respectively.
  • the opposite surfaces of the two transparent substrates are coated with a vertical alignment layer 8.
  • An encapsulation frame 4 is disposed between the two transparent substrates, and the encapsulation frame 4 encapsulates the two transparent substrates to form an adjustment zone.
  • the package frame 4 is provided with a spacer for controlling the distance between the two transparent substrates.
  • the package frame 4 may be mixed with a gap in the UV-curable adhesive and then cured. form.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a trans-dimming glass filled with a liquid crystal mixture 5 including a photopolymerizable liquid crystal monomer, a photoinitiator, and a negative, when no voltage is applied.
  • the liquid crystal cell 6, under the action of ultraviolet light and a photoinitiator, polymerizes to form a polymer network 7, and the negative liquid crystal 6 is dispersed in the polymer network 7.
  • the negative liquid crystal 6 is arranged in a single domain perpendicular to the light-transmitting substrate under the action of the vertical alignment layer 8, and visible light is transmitted from the liquid crystal mixture.
  • the dimming glass is transparent.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the trans-dimming glass when a voltage is applied
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the trans-dimming glass when a voltage is applied
  • the dielectric constant of the negative liquid crystal 6 in the long-axis direction of the molecule is smaller than
  • the dielectric constant in the short-axis direction of the molecule is aligned in the direction of the vertical electric field in the electric field.
  • the multi-domain arrangement of the transparent substrate increases light scattering, so that the dimming glass changes from a light transmitting state to a light scattering state, and the dimming glass is in an opaque state, that is, a blurred state.
  • the invention mainly relies on the recovery function of the polymer network 7 and the vertical alignment layer 8 to drive the negative liquid crystal 6 to return perpendicular to the transparent
  • the response time is fast, about 100-200 ms.
  • Conventional dimming glass relies on the action of a vertical alignment layer to cause liquid crystal molecules to rotate back to an initial state perpendicular to the light-transmissive substrate, and the response time is usually greater than 1 s.
  • the trans-dimming glass of the present invention has a response time that is at least eight times faster than that of a conventional dimming glass.
  • the liquid crystal mixture further comprises a dichroic dye molecule 9, which is dispersed in the polymer network 7.
  • the liquid crystal mixture includes 1.5 to 5 parts by mass of the liquid crystal monomer, 0.06 to 0.18 part by mass of the dichroic dye molecule 9, 0.25 to 0.75 part by mass of the photoinitiator, and 70 to 100 parts by mass of the negative liquid crystal 6.
  • the dichroic dye molecules 9 are unequal in size in a direction parallel to the transparent substrate and perpendicular to the transparent substrate, and when a voltage is applied, the negative liquid crystal 6 Rotating in a direction parallel to the transparent substrate, the dimming glass is changed from a transparent state to a color opaque state, and when the voltage is removed, the dichroic dye molecules 9 are restored to be unapplied by the polymer network 7
  • the dichroic dye molecules 9 do not need to be long-molecular, and only need to be unequal in the direction parallel to the transparent substrate and the direction perpendicular to the transparent substrate, The state can be restored by the polymer network 7.
  • Ordinary dye molecules are used for dimming glass.
  • the glass When no electricity is applied, the light transmittance is greatly reduced.
  • the glass exhibits a strong color, which affects the use effect and aesthetics of the dimming glass, while the dichroic dye pairs parallel polarized light and vertical polarization. Light has different extinction coefficients. When it is not energized, its light transmittance is still high. After power-on, the color of the dimming glass can be changed.
  • Preparing two light-transmissive substrates respectively coating a vertical alignment layer on one surface of the two light-transmissive substrates; preparing a liquid crystal cell by placing opposite surfaces of the two light-transmissive substrates coated with the alignment layer; 3 parts by mass of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal monomer, 0.12 parts by mass of a dichroic dye molecule, 0.5 parts by mass of a photoinitiator, and 96.38 parts by mass of a negative liquid crystal, are mixed to obtain a liquid crystal mixture, and under yellow light, The liquid crystal mixture is heated to 60 ° C to convert the liquid crystal into an isotropic liquid state, and then the mixed liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal cell at the temperature.
  • the utility model comprises a DC power source, wherein the voltage regulating device is integrated in the DC power source, so that the voltage of the power source is controllable, and a power switch is connected in series between the DC power source and the transparent substrate to obtain A trans dimming glass.
  • the obtained trans-dimming glass is opened when the power switch is turned on, that is, when no voltage is applied between the two transparent substrates, the physical diagram is as shown in FIG. 5, and the power switch is closed, that is, between the two transparent substrates.
  • the physical diagram is shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 when no voltage is applied, the light is transmitted, and the dimming glass is transparent, so that the text on the paper under the dimming glass can be clearly seen.
  • a voltage is applied, the light is scattered, and the dimming glass is colored opaque, and the text on the paper under the dimming glass cannot be seen.
  • the transmission spectra of the obtained trans-dimming glass were measured when no voltage was applied and when voltages of 20 V and 30 V were applied, and the results are shown in Fig. 7. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the visible light transmittance of the trans-dimming glass is 95-98% when no voltage is applied to the light-transmitting substrate, and the trans-modulation is applied when a voltage of 20 V is applied to the light-transmitting substrate.
  • the visible light transmittance of the light glass is 25-30%, and when the voltage of 30 V is applied to the light-transmitting substrate, the visible light transmittance of the trans-dimming glass is 5-12%.
  • the visible light transmittance of the trans-dimming glass of the present invention can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the applied voltage, and can be fine-tuned according to personal preference, and can meet the individual needs of the user.
  • the response time of the prepared trans-dimming glass was analyzed, and the response time chart was obtained as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the dimming glass when no voltage was applied, the dimming glass was transparent and the transmittance was 98%.
  • a voltage of 20V is applied to the two transparent substrates of the dimming glass. After 500ms, the dimming glass is turned into an opaque state, and the transmittance is reduced to 27%. After the voltage applied to the transparent substrate is removed, after 125 ms. The dimming glass is turned into a transparent state, and the transmittance is increased to 97%. After the voltage is removed, the response time of the dimming glass to return to the transparent state is only 125 ms.
  • Preparing two light-transmissive substrates respectively coating a vertical alignment layer on one surface of the two light-transmissive substrates; preparing a liquid crystal cell by placing opposite surfaces of the two light-transmissive substrates coated with the alignment layer; 1.5 parts by mass of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal monomer, 0.06 parts by mass of a dichroic dye molecule, 0.25 parts by mass of a photoinitiator, and 70 parts by mass of a negative liquid crystal, mixed to obtain a liquid crystal mixture, under yellow light, The liquid crystal mixture is heated to 60 ° C to convert the liquid crystal into an isotropic liquid state, and then the mixed liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal cell at the temperature.
  • the utility model comprises a DC power source, wherein the voltage regulating device is integrated in the DC power source, so that the voltage of the power source is controllable, and a power switch is connected in series between the DC power source and the transparent substrate to obtain A trans dimming glass.
  • Preparing two light-transmissive substrates respectively coating a vertical alignment layer on one surface of the two light-transmissive substrates; preparing a liquid crystal cell by placing opposite surfaces of the two light-transmissive substrates coated with the alignment layer; 5 parts by mass of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal monomer, 0.18 parts by mass of a dichroic dye molecule, 0.75 parts by mass of a photoinitiator, and 100 parts by mass of a negative liquid crystal, which are mixed to obtain a liquid crystal mixture, under yellow light, The liquid crystal mixture is heated to 60 ° C to convert the liquid crystal into an isotropic liquid state, and then the mixed liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal cell at the temperature.
  • the utility model comprises a DC power source, wherein the voltage regulating device is integrated in the DC power source, so that the voltage of the power source is controllable, and a power switch is connected in series between the DC power source and the transparent substrate to obtain Trans dimmer glass.
  • Preparing two light-transmissive substrates respectively coating a vertical alignment layer on one surface of the two light-transmissive substrates; preparing a liquid crystal cell by placing opposite surfaces of the two light-transmissive substrates coated with the alignment layer; 0.12 parts by mass of dichroic dye molecules, 0.5 parts by mass of photoinitiator and 96.38 parts by mass of negative liquid crystal, mixed to obtain a liquid crystal mixture, and under a yellow light, the liquid crystal mixture is heated to 60 ° C to convert the liquid crystal into each To the same liquid state, and then injecting the mixed liquid crystal into the liquid crystal cell at the temperature, after the filling is completed, and then keeping the liquid crystal molecules oriented for 30 minutes; sealing the liquid crystal cell; respectively, the two transparent substrates are respectively connected with the poles of the power component
  • the electrical connection may include a DC power source, and the voltage regulating device is integrated in the DC power source to control the voltage of the power source.
  • a power switch is connected in series between the DC power source and the transparent substrate.
  • the transmission spectra of the obtained trans-dimming glass when no voltage was applied and when a voltage of 20 V was applied were analyzed, and the results are shown in Fig. 9. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that the visible light transmittance of the trans-dimming glass is 95-100% when no voltage is applied to the light-transmitting substrate, and the trans-modulation is applied when a voltage of 20 V is applied to the light-transmitting substrate. The visible light transmittance of the light glass is 85-92%. The voltage applied to the light-transmitting substrate is removed, and the response time for restoring the transparent state is greater than 1 s.
  • the trans-dimming glass described in Example 1 can be photopolymerized by adding in the adjustment zone under the application of an equal voltage.
  • the liquid crystal monomer forms a polymer network under ultraviolet light, although the concentration of the polymer network in the liquid crystal mixture is only 3%, compared to the trans dimming glass without forming a polymer network, the visible light transmittance thereof.
  • the reduction of more than 60% can better meet the user's shading needs, and after the voltage is removed, the dimming glass containing the polymer network will have a much shorter response time than the dimming glass without the polymer network.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法，调光玻璃包括相对设置的两块透光基板，两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区，调节区内填充有液晶混合物（5），液晶混合物（5）包括液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶（6），液晶单体能聚合形成聚合物网络（7），负性液晶（6）分散于聚合物网络（7）中，未施加电压时，负性液晶（6）呈垂直于透光基板的单畴排列，可见光透射；施加电压时，负性液晶（6）呈平行于透光基板的多畴排列，使得光散射增强，使得调光玻璃从光透射状态转为光散射状态。从通电状态转为断电状态，反式调光玻璃依靠聚合物网络（7）的恢复作用，带动负性液晶（6）转向，响应速度较传统调光玻璃更快；在调节区内形成聚合物网络（7）会使得调光玻璃的透射率更低。

Description

一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明建筑家居生活材料领域，尤其涉及一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法。
背景技术
以往使用彩色玻璃或彩色胶片制成的彩色调光玻璃在通电后其透光率大大地降低，玻璃呈现出很浓的色彩，影响了调光玻璃的使用效果和美观。
为了实现阳光在彩色玻璃上透射和反射的目的，一般会在玻璃窗上镀膜，使光线中某段波长的光可以被玻璃窗反射或透射。而根据不同的反光和透光需求，可以采用不同材质的膜。
现有的车窗玻璃在玻璃表面有镀膜层，该镀膜层对可见光具有高度阻断的效果，因而对车内有较好的隐蔽效果。但该镀膜玻璃同时在车内的人员对车外的可视性能有着较大影响，而且该镀膜玻璃一旦在结构形成之后，其光学性能就不随环境变化或个人喜好进行可逆的明暗调节，难以满足民众随时改变车内明暗环境的需求。同理，现有的窗户采用的镀膜玻璃在成型后可满足对可见光中某段波长的光进行反射的前提下，一旦镀膜玻璃成型，无法实现明暗调节。
针对镀膜玻璃的局限性，已经出现了一种新型调光技术，调光玻璃，目前已有一些研究成果，调光玻璃一定程度上可代替窗帘的作用，解决镀膜玻璃局限性，在车窗玻璃，家居玻璃窗等方面有着良好的应用前景。其中一种基于电响应的调光玻璃，通过通电和断电来调节液晶转向，继而调节光线的透射、散射或反射，但是目前基于电响应的调光玻璃断电后，都是依托配向层的作用使得液晶分子旋转恢复原始状态，存在响应速度慢，需要较长时间才能恢复初始状态的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种响应更快的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板，所述两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区，所述调节区内填充有液晶混合物，所述液晶混合物包括可光聚合的液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶，在紫外光和光引发剂作用下，所述液晶单体聚合形成聚合物网络，所述负性液晶分散于所述聚合物网络中，未在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，所述负性液晶呈垂直于所述透光基板的单畴排列，在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，由于所述聚合物网络的不规则分布，使得所述负性液晶呈平行于所述透光基板的多畴排列。
在一些具体的实施方式中，两块所述透光基板相对的表面上涂覆有垂直配向层。
在一些具体的实施方式中，所述液晶混合物中还包括二色性染料分子，所述二色性染料分子分散于所述聚合物网络中。
在进一步优选的实施方式中，所述二色性染料分子在平行于所述透光基板的方向上和垂直于所述透光基板的方向上的尺寸不相等。
在一些具体的实施方式中，所述液晶混合物包括1.5-5质量份的液晶单体、0.06-0.18质量份的二色性染料分子、0.25-0.75质量份的光引发剂和70-100质量份的负性液晶。
在一些具体的实施方式中，所述反式调光玻璃还包括电源组件，两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接。
在进一步优选的实施方式中，两块所述透光基板均包括基板和设于基板表面的透明电极，两个所述透明电极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接。
在一些具体的实施方式中，两块所述透光基板之间设有封装胶框，所述封装胶框将所述两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区，所述封装胶框中设有用于控制所述两块透光基板间距的间隙子。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：制备两块透光基板，分别在两块所述透光基板的一个表面上涂覆垂直配向层；
S2：将两块所述透光基板涂覆有垂直配向层的表面相对设置，制备成液晶盒；
S3：取可光聚合的液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶，混合，将其注入所述液晶盒；
S4：将液晶盒密封；
S5：紫外光照射所述液晶盒；
S6：将两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接。
在一些具体的实施方式中，所述S3为取液晶单体、二色性染料、光引发剂和负性液晶，混合，将其注入所述液晶盒。
本发明的有益效果是：
针对目前基于电响应的调光玻璃响应速度慢的问题，本发明提供了一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板，所述两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区，所述调节区内填充有液晶混合物，所述液晶混合物包括可光聚合的液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶，在紫外光和光引发剂作用下，所述液晶单体聚合形成聚合物网络，所述负性液晶分散于所述聚合物网络中，未在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，所述负性液晶呈垂直于所述透光基板的单畴排列，可见光从所述液晶混合物中透射；在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，所述负性液晶向平行于所述透光基板的方向转向，由于所述聚合物网络的不规则分布，使得所述负性液晶呈平行于所述透光基板的多畴排列，使得光散射增强，使得调光玻璃从光透射状态转为光散射状态。从通电状态转为断电状态，传统的调光玻璃是依靠配向层的作用使得液晶分子旋转恢复初始状态，响应速度慢，而本发明中主要是依靠所述聚合物网络的恢复作用，带动负性液晶转向，响应速度较传统调光玻璃更快；此外，在调节区内形成聚合物网络会使得施加电压时，调光玻璃的光散射更强，透射率更低。
附图说明
图1为反式调光玻璃的俯视结构图；
图2为未施加电压时反式调光玻璃的截面图；
图3为施加电压时反式调光玻璃的截面图；
图4为施加电压时反式调光玻璃的俯视图；
图5为未施加电压时反式调光玻璃的实物图；
图6为施加电压时反式调光玻璃的实物图；
图7为实施例1的反式调光玻璃在未施加电压和施加20V、30V时的透射光谱；
图8为实施例1的反式调光玻璃的响应时间图；
图9为对比例1的反式调光玻璃在未施加电压和施加电压时的透射光谱。
具体实施方式
参照图1，图1为反式调光玻璃的俯视结构图，本发明提供了一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板和电源组件1，两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件1的两极电性连接。两块所述透光基板均包括基板2和设于基板2表面的透明电极3，两个所述透明电极3分别与所述电源组件1的两极电性连接。两块所述透光基板相对的表面上涂覆有垂直配向层8。两块所述透光基板之间设有封装胶框4，所述封装胶框4将所述两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区。在优选的实施方式中，所述封装胶框4中设有用于控制所述两块透光基板间距的间隙子，所述封装胶框4可以是在UV固化胶中混入间隙子，再通过固化形成。
参照图2，图2为未施加电压时反式调光玻璃的截面图，所述调节区内填充有液晶混合物5，所述液晶混合物5包括可光聚合的液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶6，在紫外光和光引发剂作用下，所述液晶单体聚合形成聚合物网络7，所述负性液晶6分散于所述聚合物网络7中。未在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，所述负性液晶6在垂直配向层8的作用下，呈垂直于所述透光基板的单畴排列，可见光从所述液晶混合物中透射，调光玻璃呈透明态。
参照图3和图4，图3为施加电压时反式调光玻璃的截面图，图4为施加电压时反式调光玻璃的俯视图，负性液晶6的分子长轴方向的介电常数小于分子短轴方向的介电常数，在电场中会垂直电场方向排列。在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，所述负性液晶6会向垂直于电场方向转向，由于所述聚合物网络7的不规则分布，使得所述负性液晶6转向后呈平行于所述透光基板的多畴排列，使得光散射增强，使得调光玻璃从光透射状态转为光散射状态，调光玻璃呈不透明态，即模糊态。当撤除施加在所述透光基板上的电压时，而本发明中主要是依靠所述聚合物网络7和垂直配向层8共同的恢复作用，带动所述负性液晶6恢复垂直于所述透光基板的初始状态，响应时间很快，约为100-200ms。传统的调光玻璃是依靠垂直配向层的作用使得液晶分子旋转恢复垂直于所述透光基板的初始状态，响应时间通常大于1s。本发明所述反式调光玻璃的响应时间较传统的调光玻璃响应速度要至少快8倍。
在进一步优选的实施方式中，所述液晶混合物中还包括二色性染料分子9，所述二色性染料分子9分散于所述聚合物网络7中。所述液晶混合物包括1.5-5质量份的液晶单体、0.06-0.18质量份的二色性染料分子9、0.25-0.75质量份的光引发剂和70-100质量份的负性液晶6。所述二色性染料分子9在平行于所述透光基板的方向上和垂直于所述透光基板的方向上的尺寸不相等，在施加电压时，会随着所述负性液晶6向平行于所述透光基板的方向旋转，调光玻璃由透明态转为彩色不透明状态，撤除电压时，所述二色性染料分子9会在所述聚合物网络7的作用下恢复成未施加电压时的状态，所述二色性染料分子9不需要是长分子状，仅需要平行于所述透光基板的方向上和垂直于所述透光基板的方向上的尺寸不相等即可，在所述聚合物网络7的带动下既可以恢复状态。普通的染料分子用于调光玻璃，不通电时透光率大大降低，玻璃呈现出很浓的色彩，影响了调光玻璃的使用效果和美观，而二色性染料对平行偏振光和垂直偏振光有不同的消光系数，在不通电的情况下，其透光率依然很高，加电后可以改变调光玻璃的颜色。
实施例1：
制备两块透光基板，分别在两块所述透光基板的一个表面上涂覆垂直配向层；将两块所述透光基板涂覆有配向层的表面相对设置，制备成液晶盒；取3质量份的可光聚合的液晶单体、0.12质量份的二色性染料分子、0.5质量份的光引发剂和96.38质量份的负性液晶，混合，得到液晶混合物，在黄光下，将液晶混合物加热到60℃，使液晶转变为各向同性的液态，然后在该温度下将混合液晶注入液晶盒，填充完成后，然后保温30min使液晶分子取向；将液晶盒密封；将填充后的液晶盒，放在200W功率的紫外光下固化5min，使得液晶分子之间键合形成液晶聚合物网络；将两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，电源组件可以包括一个直流电源，电压调节装置集成在直流电源中，使得电源的电压可控，在直流电源和所述透光基板之间串联一电源开关，得到一反式调光玻璃。得到的反式调光玻璃在电源开关打开时，即两块所述透光基板之间未施加电压时，实物图如图5，闭合电源开关，即在两块所述透光基板之间施加电压时，实物图如图6，从图5和图6中可以看到，在未施加电压时，光透射，调光玻璃呈透明状态，可以清晰看到调光玻璃下纸张上的文字，在施加电压时，光散射，调光玻璃呈彩色不透明状态，无法看到调光玻璃下纸张上的文字。
分别分析得到的反式调光玻璃在未施加电压时和施加20V、30V电压时的透射光谱，得到结果如图7。从图7中可以看到，未在所述透光基板上施加电压时，反式调光玻璃的可见光透射率为95-98%，在所述透光基板上施加20V电压时，反式调光玻璃的可见光透射率为25-30%，在所述透光基板上施加30V电压时，反式调光玻璃的可见光透射率为5-12%。本发明所述的反式调光玻璃的可见光透射率可以通过调节施加的电压大小调节，可以按照个人的喜好进行微调，能够满足用户个性化需求。
对制备得到的反式调光玻璃的响应时间进行分析，得到响应时间图如图8，从图8中可以看到，未施加电压时，调光玻璃为透明态，透射率为98%，在调光玻璃的两块透光基板上施加一个20V电压，在500ms后，调光玻璃转为不透明态，透射率降为27%，撤去施加在所述透光基板上的电压后，在125ms后，调光玻璃转为透明态，透射率升为97%，撤去电压后，调光玻璃恢复透明态的响应时间仅为125ms。
实施例2：
制备两块透光基板，分别在两块所述透光基板的一个表面上涂覆垂直配向层；将两块所述透光基板涂覆有配向层的表面相对设置，制备成液晶盒；取1.5质量份的可光聚合的液晶单体、0.06质量份的二色性染料分子、0.25质量份的光引发剂和70质量份的负性液晶，混合，得到液晶混合物，在黄光下，将液晶混合物加热到60℃，使液晶转变为各向同性的液态，然后在该温度下将混合液晶注入液晶盒，填充完成后，然后保温30min使液晶分子取向；将液晶盒密封；将填充后的液晶盒，放在200W功率的紫外光下固化5min，使得液晶分子之间键合形成液晶聚合物网络；将两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，电源组件可以包括一个直流电源，电压调节装置集成在直流电源中，使得电源的电压可控，在直流电源和所述透光基板之间串联一电源开关，得到一反式调光玻璃。
实施例3：
制备两块透光基板，分别在两块所述透光基板的一个表面上涂覆垂直配向层；将两块所述透光基板涂覆有配向层的表面相对设置，制备成液晶盒；取5质量份的可光聚合的液晶单体、0.18质量份的二色性染料分子、0.75质量份的光引发剂和100质量份的负性液晶，混合，得到液晶混合物，在黄光下，将液晶混合物加热到60℃，使液晶转变为各向同性的液态，然后在该温度下将混合液晶注入液晶盒，填充完成后，然后保温30min使液晶分子取向；将液晶盒密封；将填充后的液晶盒，放在200W功率的紫外光下固化5min，使得液晶分子之间键合形成液晶聚合物网络；将两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，电源组件可以包括一个直流电源，电压调节装置集成在直流电源中，使得电源的电压可控，在直流电源和所述透光基板之间串联一电源开关，得到一反式调光玻璃。
对比例1：
制备两块透光基板，分别在两块所述透光基板的一个表面上涂覆垂直配向层；将两块所述透光基板涂覆有配向层的表面相对设置，制备成液晶盒；取0.12质量份的二色性染料分子、0.5质量份的光引发剂和96.38质量份的负性液晶，混合，得到液晶混合物，在黄光下，将液晶混合物加热到60℃，使液晶转变为各向同性的液态，然后在该温度下将混合液晶注入液晶盒，填充完成后，然后保温30min使液晶分子取向；将液晶盒密封；将两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，电源组件可以包括一个直流电源，电压调节装置集成在直流电源中，使得电源的电压可控，在直流电源和所述透光基板之间串联一电源开关。
分别分析得到的反式调光玻璃在未施加电压时和施加20V电压时的透射光谱，得到结果如图9。从图9中可以看到，未在所述透光基板上施加电压时，反式调光玻璃的可见光透射率为95-100%，在所述透光基板上施加20V电压时，反式调光玻璃的可见光透射率为85-92%。撤去施加在所述透光基板上的电压，恢复透明状态的响应时间大于1s。通过对比例1和实施例1制备得到的反式调光玻璃的对比，可以发现在施加相等电压的情况下，实施例1所述的反式调光玻璃由于在调节区中添加了可以光聚合的所述液晶单体，在紫外光下，形成了聚合物网络，虽然液晶混合物中聚合物网络的浓度只有3%，相较于没有形成聚合物网络的反式调光玻璃，其可见光透射率降低了60%以上，能够更好地满足用户的遮光需求，而且撤去电压后，含有聚合物网络的调光玻璃恢复透明的响应时间远小于不含有聚合物网络的调光玻璃。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板，所述两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区，其特征在于，所述调节区内填充有液晶混合物，所述液晶混合物包括可光聚合的液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶，在紫外光和光引发剂作用下，所述液晶单体聚合形成聚合物网络，所述负性液晶分散于所述聚合物网络中，未在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，所述负性液晶呈垂直于所述透光基板的单畴排列，在所述透光基板之间施加电压时，由于所述聚合物网络的不规则分布，使得所述负性液晶呈平行于所述透光基板的多畴排列。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，两块所述透光基板相对的表面上涂覆有垂直配向层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，所述液晶混合物中还包括二色性染料分子，所述二色性染料分子分散于所述聚合物网络中。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，所述二色性染料分子在平行于所述透光基板的方向上和垂直于所述透光基板的方向上的尺寸不相等。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，所述液晶混合物包括1.5-5质量份的液晶单体、0.06-0.18质量份的二色性染料分子、0.25-0.75质量份的光引发剂和70-100质量份的负性液晶。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，所述反式调光玻璃还包括电源组件，两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，两块所述透光基板均包括基板和设于基板表面的透明电极，两个所述透明电极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃，其特征在于，两块所述透光基板之间设有封装胶框，所述封装胶框将所述两块透光基板之间封装形成调节区，所述封装胶框中设有用于控制所述两块透光基板间距的间隙子。
  9. 一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：制备两块透光基板，分别在两块所述透光基板的一个表面上涂覆垂直配向层；
    S2：将两块所述透光基板涂覆有垂直配向层的表面相对设置，制备成液晶盒；
    S3：取可光聚合的液晶单体、光引发剂和负性液晶，混合，将其注入所述液晶盒；
    S4：将液晶盒密封；
    S5：紫外光照射所述液晶盒；
    S6：将两块所述透光基板分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的基于电响应的反式调光玻璃的制备方法，其特征在于，所述S3为取液晶单体、二色性染料分子、光引发剂和负性液晶，混合，将其注入所述液晶盒。
PCT/CN2017/074691 2016-06-27 2017-02-24 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法 WO2018000838A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610494894.3 2016-06-27
CN201610494894.3A CN106125358B (zh) 2016-06-27 2016-06-27 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018000838A1 true WO2018000838A1 (zh) 2018-01-04

Family

ID=57284601

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/074691 WO2018000838A1 (zh) 2016-06-27 2017-02-24 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106125358B (zh)
WO (1) WO2018000838A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112255827A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-22 肇庆市华师大光电产业研究院 一种动态可调节的智能窗及其制备方法和应用
US10996518B1 (en) 2019-12-26 2021-05-04 Industrial Technology Research Institute Light switchable device
WO2023245424A1 (zh) * 2022-06-21 2023-12-28 绚丽光电股份有限公司 调光玻璃切换方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106125358B (zh) * 2016-06-27 2019-04-16 华南师范大学 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法
CN108227271B (zh) * 2016-12-15 2021-03-16 江苏和成显示科技有限公司 一种包含宾主液晶组合物的调光器件
CN106405916B (zh) * 2016-12-16 2019-04-02 北京大学 一种柔性反式液晶调光膜及其制备方法
WO2018223902A1 (en) * 2017-06-06 2018-12-13 The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology Haze free reverse mode liquid crystal light control film with inhomogeneous alignment layer
CN108535919A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-09-14 云南师范大学 一种智能调光的飞机舷窗
CN109085706B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2021-12-14 华南师范大学 一种基于叶绿素掺杂的光响应器件
CN109116650B (zh) * 2018-08-31 2022-02-18 华南师范大学 一种电响应调光器件及其制备方法
CN111764573B (zh) * 2020-06-23 2023-05-12 沧州师范学院 用于室内设计的电控多功能空心玻璃砖及玻璃墙

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006124189A (ja) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-18 Rion Co Ltd 圧電・焦電素子を内蔵した合せ透光板及びこれを用いた建築物・構造物・乗物
CN101121887A (zh) * 2007-08-15 2008-02-13 江苏森然化工有限公司 一种聚合物分散液晶薄膜的制备方法
CN201381564Y (zh) * 2008-12-30 2010-01-13 孙刚 可调光的玻璃幕墙
CN105158958A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-16 华南师范大学 一种电响应调光玻璃
CN105301850A (zh) * 2014-07-25 2016-02-03 乐金显示有限公司 光控制设备和具有该设备的透明显示装置
CN106125358A (zh) * 2016-06-27 2016-11-16 华南师范大学 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4411550B2 (ja) * 2006-11-15 2010-02-10 ソニー株式会社 液晶表示装置の製造方法
JP6003192B2 (ja) * 2012-04-27 2016-10-05 ソニー株式会社 液晶表示装置
CN103197459A (zh) * 2013-04-19 2013-07-10 南京晶多新材料科技有限公司 一种反式电控调光玻璃及其制造方法和应用

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006124189A (ja) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-18 Rion Co Ltd 圧電・焦電素子を内蔵した合せ透光板及びこれを用いた建築物・構造物・乗物
CN101121887A (zh) * 2007-08-15 2008-02-13 江苏森然化工有限公司 一种聚合物分散液晶薄膜的制备方法
CN201381564Y (zh) * 2008-12-30 2010-01-13 孙刚 可调光的玻璃幕墙
CN105301850A (zh) * 2014-07-25 2016-02-03 乐金显示有限公司 光控制设备和具有该设备的透明显示装置
CN105158958A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-16 华南师范大学 一种电响应调光玻璃
CN106125358A (zh) * 2016-06-27 2016-11-16 华南师范大学 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10996518B1 (en) 2019-12-26 2021-05-04 Industrial Technology Research Institute Light switchable device
CN112255827A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-22 肇庆市华师大光电产业研究院 一种动态可调节的智能窗及其制备方法和应用
WO2023245424A1 (zh) * 2022-06-21 2023-12-28 绚丽光电股份有限公司 调光玻璃切换方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106125358B (zh) 2019-04-16
CN106125358A (zh) 2016-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2018000838A1 (zh) 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及其制备方法
WO2018077224A1 (zh) 一种基于减色混合法的调光玻璃
JPH0585886B2 (zh)
US20170269274A1 (en) Method for manufacturing quantum dot polarization plate
WO2019200851A1 (zh) 一种电响应的液晶调光器件
WO2015024348A1 (zh) 显示面板及显示装置
WO2019205501A1 (zh) 一种多稳态电响应智能窗及其制备方法
WO2017148328A1 (zh) 一种电响应智能玻璃、其制备方法及其光调节方法
WO2018126784A1 (zh) 一种图案化的调光玻璃及其制备方法
WO2015078024A1 (zh) 彩色液晶显示面板及其制作方法
WO2019184182A1 (zh) 一种电致变色膜材料及其制备的电致变色膜器件
WO2019033871A1 (zh) 一种变色调光液晶器件及其光调节方法
JPS63271233A (ja) 液晶光学素子
CN108663839A (zh) 一种柔性液晶光闸及其制备方法
WO2013181869A1 (zh) 一种液晶显示面板及其制备工艺和显示器
US7356969B1 (en) Electronically shaded thin film transparent monochromatic liquid crystal display laminated window shading system
CN113917729B (zh) 一种基于电响应的反式调光玻璃及制备方法
CN104090323A (zh) 一种电控散射偏光片的构造和应用
WO2017181455A1 (zh) 一种智能滤光片及其制备工艺与应用
JPH0296714A (ja) 投射型アクティブマトリクス液晶表示装置及びその製造方法
WO2019127639A1 (zh) 一种自粘式电光膜及其制备方法
Chen et al. Integration of a-Si: H solar cell with novel twist nematic liquid crystal cell for adjustable brightness and enhanced power characteristics
CN209014876U (zh) 一种透明态调节的电致变色玻璃
CN103969876B (zh) 一种基于蓝相液晶的偏振光转换器
CN207799280U (zh) 一种聚合物网络液晶显示结构

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17818837

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17818837

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1