WO2017219760A1 - 显示装置 - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2017219760A1
WO2017219760A1 PCT/CN2017/082387 CN2017082387W WO2017219760A1 WO 2017219760 A1 WO2017219760 A1 WO 2017219760A1 CN 2017082387 W CN2017082387 W CN 2017082387W WO 2017219760 A1 WO2017219760 A1 WO 2017219760A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grating
display device
region
pixel
viewer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/082387
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王维
杨亚锋
陈小川
谭纪风
高健
王灿
马新利
张粲
王倩
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US15/568,068 priority Critical patent/US10267961B2/en
Publication of WO2017219760A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017219760A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1842Gratings for image generation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1866Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
    • G02B5/1871Transmissive phase gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20Filters
    • G02B5/201Filters in the form of arrays
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/35Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being liquid crystals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/52RGB geometrical arrangements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a display device.
  • the display device is a device for displaying a character, a number, a symbol, a picture, or a picture formed by at least two combinations of characters, numbers, symbols, and pictures.
  • the display device may be a flat display device, a curved display device, a 3D display device, a near-eye display device, an AR/VR display device, or the like.
  • one of the key technologies is to display the display.
  • the propagation of light within the device is effectively controlled, for example, for one of the display devices for performing virtual display, the display device has a fixed field of view central area and a non-field of view central area, and the viewer is positioned in front of the display device During the viewing of the screen displayed by the display device, the viewer's line of sight is concentrated in the central area of the field of view.
  • the virtual screen on the front of the device or behind the display device enables the viewer to see the image of the central field of the field of view and the central area of the non-field of view, so that the display device has a better presence effect and enhances the immersion of the viewer.
  • microprisms or microlenses are usually arranged on a display device to realize control of light propagation in a display device, that is, existing display devices generally adopt a structure designed based on geometric optical principles to realize light propagation in a display device.
  • Control however, with the development of virtual display devices, structures designed based on the principle of geometric optics are insufficient to meet the requirements for control of the propagation of light within the display device, resulting in a display effect of the display device and a immersive sensation of the viewer. Poor, giving viewers a bad viewing experience.
  • a display device includes: a display panel, and a grating layer disposed inside the display panel or outside the display panel, wherein the display panel includes a plurality of R pixels, a plurality of G pixels, and a plurality of B a pixel, the grating layer comprising: an R grating region corresponding to the R pixel, and a G grating corresponding to the G pixel a region, and a B-grating region corresponding to the B pixel;
  • the display device corresponds to the light emitted by the position of the R pixel, the light emitted by the display device corresponding to the position of the G pixel, and the display device corresponding to the B pixel
  • the light emitted by the position is respectively along a straight line formed by the position of the R pixel and a line formed by the viewer, a position of the G pixel and a line formed by the viewer, and a position of the B pixel and a line formed by the viewer.
  • the display device provided by the present disclosure controls the diffraction effect occurring when light propagates in the display device by a grating layer disposed inside the display panel or outside the display panel, thereby realizing control of light propagation in the display device. Further, control of the light emitted by the display device is realized, that is, in the present disclosure, the structure designed based on the physical optical principle is used to realize the control of the propagation of light in the display device, which is based on the geometry in the prior art.
  • the optical principle is designed to realize the control of the propagation of light in the display device, and the structure designed based on the physical optical principle has a higher control ability for the propagation of light in the display device, thereby being better able to be in the display device.
  • the propagation of light is controlled to improve the control effect of controlling the propagation of light in the display device, improve the presence effect of the display device and the immersion of the viewer, thereby improving the viewing experience of the viewer and bringing more realism to the viewer. Comfortable viewing experience.
  • 1 is a view showing a positional relationship between a display device and a viewer
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the display device of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing diffraction angles of first order diffraction at different positions of the device
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a graph of the grating period of the grating layer of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another grating layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the grating period of the grating layer of Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of still another grating layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a first embodiment of a pixel arrangement of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a second embodiment of a pixel arrangement of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a third embodiment of a pixel arrangement of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 13 is a positional relationship of a viewer, a display device, and a virtual screen
  • Figure 14 is a positional relationship 2 of a viewer, a display device, and a virtual screen
  • Figure 15 is a positional relationship 3 of a viewer, a display device, and a virtual screen
  • Figure 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the light extraction efficiency of the 0th order diffraction and the thickness of the grating projection
  • Figure 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the light extraction efficiency of the first order diffraction and the thickness of the grating projection
  • Figure 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the light extraction efficiency of the 0th order diffraction and the grating duty ratio
  • Figure 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the light extraction efficiency of the first order diffraction and the grating duty ratio
  • Figure 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view 1 of the grating protrusion
  • Figure 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view 2 of the grating protrusion
  • Figure 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view 3 of the grating protrusion
  • Figure 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the grating projections four;
  • Figure 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view 5 of the grating protrusion
  • Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view 6 of the grating projection.
  • the display device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a display panel 20 , and a grating layer 30 disposed inside the display panel 20 or outside the display panel 20 , wherein the display panel 20 includes multiple The R pixel 24, the plurality of G pixels 25, and the plurality of B pixels 26, the grating layer 30 includes: an R grating region 33 corresponding to the R pixel, a G grating region 34 corresponding to the G pixel 25, and a B corresponding to the B pixel 26.
  • the grating region 35; the direction of the non-field center region B of the display device 10 along the center of the field center area A of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the B grating region 35 The grating period is gradually reduced, the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the R pixel 24, the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the G pixel 25, and the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the B pixel 26 are Directly to the eyes of the viewer Z.
  • the display device 10 may be a flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the display device 10 is planar as an example.
  • the display device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has a field of view central area A and a non-field of view central area B, and the field of view central area A and the non-field of view central area B are enclosed together.
  • the light-emitting surface of the display device 10 has a viewing area in front of the display device 10. When the viewer Z is located in the viewing area and views the screen displayed by the display device 10, the line of sight of the viewer Z is concentrated in the central area A of the field of view.
  • the screen seen by the viewer Z appears to be projected on the virtual screen in front of the display device 10 or behind the display device 10.
  • 40, viewer Z, display device 10 and virtual screen 40 constitute an optical system in which virtual screen 40 can be located at the focal plane of the optical system, for example, virtual screen 40 can be located at the back focus of the optical system At the plane, that is, the virtual screen 40 is located at the focal plane behind the display device 10, or, virtual The screen 40 can be located at the front focal plane of the optical system, ie the virtual screen 40 is located at the focal plane in front of the display device 10.
  • the picture at the Y point seen by the viewer Z is the picture displayed at the X point on the display device 10, the viewer Z, the Y point on the virtual screen 40, and the display device 10
  • the X points are located on the same straight line.
  • the distance of XY is the defocus amount
  • the screen displayed at each position of the display device 10 can be obtained by estimating according to the corresponding defocus amount, or at each position of the display device 10.
  • the displayed picture can be obtained by recording and saving it by special equipment.
  • the screen seen by the viewer Z may further include a depth of field image, and the depth of field image may be After being recorded by a special device and processed, it may be obtained by a display chip or a central processing unit (CPU) in the display device 10 according to an image processing algorithm.
  • a display chip or a central processing unit (CPU) in the display device 10 according to an image processing algorithm.
  • the screen displayed by the display device 10 may be To include only a screen that can be projected on a certain virtual screen 40 in front of the display device 10, or only a screen that can be projected on a certain virtual screen 40 behind the display device 10, or include a projection device that can be projected on the display device a screen on a certain virtual screen 40 before 10, and a depth of field screen of the virtual screen 40, or a screen that can be projected on a certain virtual screen 40 behind the display device 10, and a depth of field image of the virtual screen 40, Or, including a screen that can be projected on a certain virtual screen 40 in front of the display device 10, and a depth of field image of the display device 10, or
  • the screen includes a screen that can be projected on a certain virtual screen 40 behind the display device 10, and a depth of field screen of the display device 10, or includes a screen that can be projected on all of the virtual screens 40 that the viewer Z can see. And a depth of field picture of each virtual screen 40.
  • the display device 10 includes a display panel 20 and a grating layer 30.
  • the display panel 20 can be a liquid crystal display panel or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display panel, a PDP display panel (Plasma Display Panel, plasma). a body panel), a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display panel or the like, the grating layer 30 is disposed inside the display panel 20 or outside the display panel 20.
  • the display device 10 is a liquid crystal display device, and the display device 10 includes a backlight.
  • the display panel 20 includes a first substrate 21 and a second substrate 22 disposed opposite to each other, and the grating layer 30 may be disposed between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22, or The grating layer 30 may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 21 facing away from the second substrate 22, or the grating layer 30 may be disposed on a side of the second substrate 22 facing away from the first substrate 21, or the grating layer 30 may be disposed at The light exit side of the backlight.
  • the color scheme of the display device 10 adopts an RGB (Red Red, Green Green, Blue Blue) color scheme
  • the display panel 20 includes a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26, and the grating layer 30 includes: The R raster region 33 corresponding to the R pixel, the G grating region 34 corresponding to the G pixel 25, and the B grating region 35 corresponding to the B pixel 26.
  • the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually decreased along the direction of the center of the central region A of the field of view toward the non-field of view region B, that is, it can be considered , along the center of the central portion A of the field of view toward the edge of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced, as shown in FIG.
  • the field center area A is located in the middle of the display device 10, and the non-field center area B surrounds the field center area A, from the center a of the field center area A to the upper edge of the display device 10 in FIG.
  • the grating period of the region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually decreased; from the center a of the central portion A of the field of view to the lower edge of the display device 10 in Fig.
  • the R grating region 33 The grating period, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced; from the center a of the central region A of the field of view to the left edge of the display device 10 in Fig. 2, the grating of the R grating region 33 The period, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced; from the center a of the central region A of the field of view to the right edge of the display device 10 of Fig. 2, the grating period of the R grating region 33, Both the grating period of the G grating region 34 and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced.
  • the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the R pixel 24, the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the G pixel 25, and the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the B pixel 26 are directly directed toward the viewer, that is, The light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the R pixel 24, the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the G pixel 25, and the position of the light emitted by the display device 10 corresponding to the position of the B pixel 26 are respectively viewed along the R pixel 24 and viewed.
  • the virtual screen 40 has a point Y, and the picture at the Y point seen by the viewer Z is the picture displayed at the X point on the display device 10, on the viewer Z, on the virtual screen 40.
  • the Y point and the X point on the display device 10 are on the same straight line, and the light emitted at the X point on the display device 10 is directed to the viewer Z, that is, the light emitted at the X point on the display device 10 along the viewer Z, virtual A point on the screen 40 and a line on the display device 10 are emitted.
  • the X point on the display device 10 When the X point on the display device 10 corresponds to the R pixel, the X point on the display device 10 emits red light, and the red light is along the line of the viewer Z, the Y point on the virtual screen 40, and the X point on the display device 10.
  • the X point on the display device 10 corresponds to the G pixel, the X point on the display device 10 emits green light, and the green light is along the viewer Z, the Y point on the virtual screen 40, and the X point on the display device 10.
  • the straight line is emitted; when the X point on the display device 10 corresponds to the B pixel, the X point on the display device 10 emits blue light, and the blue light is along the viewer Z, the Y point on the virtual screen 40, and the X point on the display device 10 The straight line is emitted.
  • the relationship between the diffraction angle ⁇ of the k-order diffraction and the grating period P of the grating generally satisfies:
  • ⁇ 0 is an incident angle of incident light incident on the grating layer 30, and ⁇ is a wavelength of incident light incident on the grating layer 30.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ of the 0-order diffraction is equal to the incident angle ⁇ 0 incident to the grating layer 30 for the 0-order diffraction, and the grating
  • the grating period P has no effect on the diffraction angle of the 0th order diffraction; for the non-zero order diffraction, for example, for the first order diffraction, the second order diffraction, the third order diffraction, etc., as the grating period P increases, the non-zero order diffraction
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ is gradually increased. Therefore, by setting different grating periods P, the diffraction angle ⁇ of the non-zero order diffraction can be adjusted so that the diffracted light of the non-zero order diffraction is emitted in the set direction.
  • the display device 10 includes a field center area A and a non-field center area B.
  • the field center area A is located in the middle of the display device 10, and the non-field center area B surrounds the field center area A, and the viewer Z views the display.
  • the line of sight of the viewer Z is concentrated in the central area A of the field of view, and the light emitted by the central area A of the field of view and directed to the eyes of the viewer Z can be regarded as the incident light passing through the central area corresponding to the field of view.
  • the 0th-order diffracted light obtained after the grating layer 30 of A, and the light emitted by the non-field of view central area B and directed to the eyes of the viewer Z needs to be deflected before being directed to the eyes of the viewer Z, that is, It is considered that the light emitted from the non-view center area B and directed to the eyes of the viewer Z is the non-zero-order diffracted light obtained after the incident light passes through the grating layer 30 corresponding to the non-field of view central region B, and therefore, the map can be made
  • the grating period of the grating layer 30 corresponding to the non-field center area B in 2 is smaller than the grating period of the grating layer 30 corresponding to the central area A of the field of view, so that the incident light occurs in the grating layer 30 corresponding to the non-field center area B.
  • Non-zero order diffraction obtained after diffraction has a suitable diffraction angle, non-zero order
  • the emitted light is deflected toward the line of sight of the viewer Z, and the non-zero-order diffracted light is directed into the eye of the viewer Z, that is, the grating period of the grating layer 30 can be set to pass the incident light through the grating layer.
  • the diffraction angle of the non-zero-order diffraction obtained after the region corresponding to the non-field of view central region B is adjusted so that the non-zero-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted by the grating layer 30 corresponding to the non-field of view central region B has With a suitable diffraction angle, the non-zero-order diffracted light is deflected toward the line of sight of the viewer Z, and the non-zero-order diffracted light is directed into the eyes of the viewer Z.
  • the viewer Z is located in the viewing area in front of the display device 10, and when the viewer Z views the screen displayed by the display device 10, the screen seen by the viewer Z seems to be projected behind the display device 10.
  • the picture at the Y point on the virtual screen 40 seen by the viewer Z corresponds to the picture at the X point of the display device 10, assuming that the X point is located in the non-field center area B of the display device 10, if
  • the incident light can be adjusted at the grating layer 30 corresponding to the X point by setting the grating period P at the position of the grating layer 30 corresponding to the X point.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ of the non-zero-order diffraction obtained after diffraction occurs at the position such that the non-zero-order diffracted light is emitted along the line where Z, X, and Y are located, realizing that the picture at the Y point on the virtual screen 40 is viewed by the viewer. Seen from the left eye Z.
  • the field center area A is located at the center of the display device 10, and the center a of the field center area A corresponds to the center of the display device 10, and It is assumed that the left-right direction in FIG. 2 is the width direction of the display device 10, and FIG. 4 shows that the first-order diffracted light obtained by diffracting incident light at different positions of the grating layer 30 in the left-right direction in FIG. 2 is directly directed to the viewer.
  • the relationship between the angle of the deflection of the Z and the position of the display device 10, that is, the first-order diffracted light obtained by diffracting the incident light at different positions of the grating layer 30 in the left-right direction of FIG. 2 is directly directed to the viewer Z.
  • the relationship between the diffraction angle ⁇ required for the eye and the position of the display device 10, for example, at a position of 20 cm between the left and right direction in FIG. 2 and the center of the display device 10, the incident light is in the R grating region 33.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffracted light obtained after diffraction at the position corresponding to the position should reach 20°, and the incident light is in the G grating region.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffraction obtained after diffraction at the position corresponding to the position of 34 is 20°, and the diffraction angle of the first-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted at the position corresponding to the position of the B grating region 35 ⁇ should reach 20°; at a position of 40 cm from the center of the display device 10, the diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted at the position corresponding to the position of the R grating region 33 should reach 35°, the diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffraction obtained by the incident light diffracted at the position corresponding to the position of the G grating region 34 should be 35°, and the incident light is diffracted at the position corresponding to the position of the B grating region 35.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffraction obtained later should reach 35°.
  • the first-order diffraction obtained by the diffraction of the incident light at each position of the R grating region 33 is obtained.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ reaches an angle which should be attained, and the diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffraction obtained by diffraction of the incident light at each position of the G grating region 34 reaches an angle to be reached, and the incident light is diffracted at each position of the B grating region 35.
  • the obtained diffraction angle ⁇ of the first-order diffraction reaches an angle that should be attained, so that the first-order diffracted light obtained by diffracting the incident light at each position of the R grating region 33 can be directly directed into the viewer's eye, and along the viewer.
  • the position of Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, the line where the position of the display device 10 corresponds to the position on the virtual screen 40 is emitted, and the first-order diffracted light obtained by diffraction of the incident light at each position of the G-grating region 34 is directly emitted.
  • a position in the viewer's eye, along the position of the viewer Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, the position corresponding to the position on the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40, the incident light is at each position of the B-grating region 35.
  • Occur Order diffracted light obtained by direct emitted into the eye of the viewer, and the viewer along the Z position, the position of the virtual screen 40, the display position on the linear position of the virtual screen 40 corresponding to the apparatus 10 is located emitted.
  • the display device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure sets the grating period at each position of the grating layer 30 by the grating layer 30 disposed inside the display panel 20 or outside the display panel 20, so as to The diffraction effect that occurs when light propagates in the display device 10 is controlled, and control of the propagation of light within the display device 10 is achieved, thereby enabling control of the light emitted by the display device 10, that is, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, Control of the propagation of light within the display device 10 is achieved using a structure designed based on physical optical principles, which achieves control of light propagation within the display device 10 as compared to prior art designs based on geometric optics principles.
  • the structure designed based on the physical optical principle has a higher ability to control the propagation of light in the display device 10, so that the propagation of light in the display device 10 can be better controlled, and the light in the display device 10 can be improved. Propagating the control effect of the control, improving the presence effect displayed by the display device 10 and the immersion of the viewer Z, thereby improving the viewer Z's viewing Inspection, the viewer Z bring more realistic and comfortable viewing experience.
  • the grating layer 30 includes: an R grating region 33 corresponding to the R pixel 24, a G grating region 34 corresponding to the G pixel 25, and a B grating region 35 corresponding to the B pixel 26, an R grating region 33,
  • the G grating region 34 and the B grating region 35 may be disposed in the same layer, or the grating layer 30 may be divided into a first layer, a second layer and a third layer which are stacked, and the R grating region 33 may be located in the first layer, the G grating region.
  • the B grating region 35 may be located in the third layer, that is, the R grating region 33, the G grating region 34, and the B grating region 35 are disposed at different layers, and Comparing the R grating region 33, the G grating region 34 and the B grating region 35 with the same layer, it is possible to prevent the R grating region 33, the G grating region 34 and the B grating region 35 from interfering with each other when the grating layer 30 is formed, and the grating layer 30 is facilitated. Production.
  • the positions of the field of view central area A and the non-field of view central area B of the display device 10 may vary, for example, for a certain
  • the field center area A may be located on the left side in FIG. 2, at this time, the non-field field center area B is located on the right side in FIG. 2, or, for some display devices 10,
  • the field center area A may be located on the right side in FIG. 2, at which time the non-view field center area B is located on the left side in FIG.
  • the diffraction period in the region corresponding to the region of the grating layer 30 is usually adjusted to adjust the diffraction angle of the non-zero order diffraction obtained after the diffraction layer 30 and the region corresponding to the region, for example,
  • the diffraction angle in the first-order diffraction, the second-order diffraction, the third-order diffraction, or the like is usually adjusted by adjusting the grating period in the region of the grating layer 30 corresponding to the region.
  • the diffraction angle of the first-order diffraction can be adjusted only when the diffraction angle of the non-zero-order diffraction obtained by diffraction after the region corresponding to the region of the grating layer 30 is adjusted.
  • the diffraction angle of the first-order diffraction obtained after the incident light of the grating layer 30 is diffracted is adjusted as an example, and is obtained by diffracting the incident light passing through the grating layer 30.
  • the intensity of the order diffraction and the first-order diffraction are adjusted as an example for explanation.
  • the display device 10 may be a virtual display device, a near-eye display device, an AR/VR display device, or the like.
  • the grating layer 30 may be arranged in various manners, and the following three exemplary settings of the grating layer 30 are exemplified below. Ways, but not limited to the three ways listed.
  • the display device 10 has a field of view central area A and a non-field of view central area B, and the field of view central area A is located on the display device.
  • a central portion of 10 and a center a of the field center area A corresponds to the center of the display device 10, in the lateral direction of the display device 10, from the center of the display device 10 to both sides of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33
  • the grating period of the G grating region 34 and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced.
  • the size of the display device 10 is 60 inches as an example.
  • the width of the display device 10 is 132.83 cm, and the height of the display device 10 is 74.72 cm.
  • FIG. 2 or The left and right directions in FIG. 5 are the width direction of the display device 10
  • the upper and lower directions in FIG. 2 or FIG. 5 are the height directions of the display device 10
  • the viewing area of the display device 10 is located directly in front of the display device 10
  • the display device 10 is Viewing area It is opposed to the center of the display device 10 in the width direction.
  • the lateral direction of the display device 10 can be considered to be a direction parallel to the line connecting the eyes of the viewer, and the longitudinal direction of the display device 10 can be regarded as a direction perpendicular to the line connecting the eyes of the viewer.
  • the width direction of the display device 10 Parallel to the line between the eyes of the viewer, that is, the left and right directions in FIG. 2 are the lateral direction of the display device 10
  • the upper and lower directions in FIG. 2 are the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 may be greater than 0 m and less than 500 m. In order to obtain a better viewing angle of the viewer Z, the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 may preferably be 0.5 m; at this time, the viewer Z views the display. At the time of the screen displayed by the device 10, the line of sight of the viewer Z is concentrated in the middle of the display device 10 in the width direction thereof, that is, in the left and right direction in FIG.
  • the field center area A is opposite to the display device 10 in the middle direction of the width direction of the display device 10, the center a of the field center area A corresponds to the center of the display device 10, and the non-field center area B is located in the center area A of the field of view. On both sides.
  • a vertical line q A1 is set in the center a of the central portion A of the field of view in FIG. 2, along the lateral direction of the display device 10, from the vertical line q A1 in FIG. 2 to the left and right sides of the display device 10, and the R-grating region 33
  • the grating period, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced, that is, the farther from the vertical line q A1 in the lateral direction of the display device 10, the incident light passes through the R grating region 33.
  • the grating period distribution curve of the R grating region 33 can be obtained according to the q1 curve and the formula (1) in FIG. 6, as shown in FIG.
  • the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to the vertical line q A1 has the largest grating period
  • the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 has a small grating period, for example, the R grating region 33 and the vertical
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to the straight line q A1 may be greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m
  • the grating period of the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 may be 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the distribution curve of the grating period of the G grating region 34 can be obtained according to the q1 curve and the formula (1) in FIG. 6, as shown by the curve q3 in FIG. 6, the G grating region 34 and the vertical line.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to q A1 is the largest, and the grating period of the region corresponding to the two sides of the G grating region 34 and the display device 10 is small.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to the vertical line q A1 of the G grating region 34 may be larger than Or equal to 50 ⁇ m, the grating period of the G grating region 34 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 may be 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • the distribution curve of the grating period of the B grating region 35 can be obtained according to the q1 curve and the formula (1) in FIG. 6, as shown by the curve q4 in FIG. 6, the B grating region 35 and the vertical line.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to q A1 is the largest, and the grating period of the region corresponding to both sides of the B grating region 35 and the display device 10 is small.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to the vertical line q A1 of the B grating region 35 may be larger than Or equal to 50 ⁇ m, the grating period of the B grating region 35 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 may be 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the red color obtained by the R pixel 24 is realized by respectively setting the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35, respectively.
  • the light, the green light obtained by the G pixel 25, and the blue light obtained by the B pixel 26 are separately adjusted and controlled so that the red, green, and blue light emitted from the respective positions of the display device 10 are oriented in the lateral direction of the display device 10.
  • the line of sight of the viewer Z is deflected and deflected along a line along the position of the viewer Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, and the position on the display device 10 corresponding to the position on the virtual screen 40, thereby improving the display of the display device 10.
  • the presence effect and the immersion of the viewer Z improve the viewer Z's viewing experience and bring a more realistic and comfortable viewing experience to the viewer Z.
  • the arrangement of the grating layer 30 can adjust the light-emitting direction of the display device 10 in the lateral direction of the display device 10, thereby improving the viewing experience of the lateral viewer Z along the display device 10. .
  • the display device 10 has a field of view central area A and a non-field of view central area B, and the field of view central area A is located on the display device.
  • a central portion of 10 and a center a of the field center area A corresponds to the center of the display device 10, in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, from the center of the display device 10 toward both sides of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33
  • the grating period of the G grating region 34 and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced.
  • the display device 10 having a size of 60 inches is taken as an example for detailed description.
  • the width of the display device 10 is 132.83 cm, and the height of the display device 10 is 74.72 cm.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 7 are the width direction of the display device 10
  • the upper and lower directions in FIGS. 2 and 7 are the height directions of the display device 10
  • the viewing area of the display device 10 is located directly in front of the display device 10
  • the display device 10 is The viewing zone is opposite to the center of the display device 10 in the width direction.
  • the lateral direction of the display device 10 can be considered to be a direction parallel to the line connecting the eyes of the viewer, and the longitudinal direction of the display device 10 can be regarded as a direction perpendicular to the line connecting the eyes of the viewer.
  • the width direction of the display device 10 Parallel to the line between the eyes of the viewer, that is, the left and right directions in FIG. 2 are the lateral direction of the display device 10
  • the upper and lower directions in FIG. 2 are the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 may be greater than 0 m and less than 500 m. In order to obtain a better viewing angle of the viewer Z, the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 may be Preferably, it is 0.5 m; at this time, when the viewer Z views the screen displayed by the display device 10, the line of sight of the viewer Z is concentrated in the middle of the display device 10 in the width direction thereof, that is, in the left and right direction in FIG. 7, the viewer Z The line of sight is concentrated in the middle of the display device 10.
  • the field center area A is opposite to the central area of the display device 10 in the width direction thereof, and the center a of the field center area A corresponds to the center of the display device 10, and the non-field of view
  • the central area B is located on both sides of the central area A of the field of view.
  • a transverse line q A2 is set in the center a of the field center area A in Fig. 2, along the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, from the lateral line q A2 in Fig. 2 to the left and right sides of the display device 10, and the grating period of the R grating region 33
  • the grating period of the G grating region 34 and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced, that is, the further away from the transverse line q A2 in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, the incident light is diffracted after passing through the R grating region 33.
  • the distribution curve of the grating period of the R grating region 33 can be obtained according to the q5 curve and the formula (1) in FIG. 8, as shown in FIG.
  • the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to the lateral line q A2 has the largest grating period
  • the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 has a small grating period, for example, the R grating region 33 and the transverse line.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to q A2 may be greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m
  • the grating period of the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 may be 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the distribution curve of the grating period of the G grating region 34 can be obtained according to the q5 curve and the formula (1) in FIG. 8, as shown by the curve q7 in FIG. 8, the G grating region 34 and the lateral line q.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to A2 is the largest, and the grating period of the region corresponding to the two sides of the G grating region 34 and the display device 10 is small.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to the G grating region 34 and the lateral line q A2 may be greater than or equal to
  • the grating period of the 50 ⁇ m, G grating region 34 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 may be 1 ⁇ m.
  • the distribution curve of the grating period of the B grating region 35 can be obtained according to the q5 curve and the formula (1) in FIG. 8, as shown by a curve q8 in FIG. 8, the B grating region 35 and the lateral line q.
  • the grating period corresponding to the region corresponding to A2 is the largest, and the grating period of the region corresponding to the two sides of the B grating region 35 and the display device 10 is small.
  • the grating period of the region corresponding to the horizontal grating line q A2 of the B grating region 35 may be greater than or equal to
  • the grating period of the 50 ⁇ m, B grating region 35 corresponding to both sides of the display device 10 may be 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the red color obtained by the R pixel 24 is realized by respectively setting the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35, respectively.
  • the light, the green light obtained by the G pixel 25, and the blue light obtained by the B pixel 26 are respectively adjusted and controlled so that the red, green, and blue light emitted from the respective positions of the display device 10 are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • the line of sight of the viewer Z is deflected and deflected along a line along the position of the viewer Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, and the position on the display device 10 corresponding to the position on the virtual screen 40, thereby improving the display of the display device 10.
  • the presence effect and the immersion of the viewer Z improve the viewer Z's viewing experience and bring a more realistic and comfortable viewing experience to the viewer Z.
  • the arrangement of the grating layer 30 in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, from the center of the display device 10 to both sides of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the B grating region The grating period of 35 is gradually reduced. Therefore, the arrangement of the grating layer 30 can realize the adjustment of the light-emitting direction of the display device 10 in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, thereby improving the longitudinal viewer Z along the display device 10. Viewing experience.
  • the display device 10 provided by the arrangement of the grating layer 30 can improve the viewing experience along the lateral viewer Z of the display device 10, and the display device 10 provided in the arrangement mode 2 of the grating layer 30 can improve the longitudinal viewer along the display device 10.
  • the viewing experience of Z in practical applications, can also improve the viewing experience of the viewer Z along the horizontal and vertical directions of the display device 10.
  • the display device 10 has a field of view central area A and a non-field of view central area B, and the field of view central area A is located in the central area of the display device 10 , and
  • the center of the field of view central area A corresponds to the center of the display device 10, along the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, from the center of the display device 10 to both sides of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33, and the G grating region 34 Both the grating period and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced; along the lateral direction of the display device 10, from the center of the display device 10 toward both sides of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33, and the G grating region 34 Both the grating period and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are gradually reduced.
  • the display device 10 having a size of 60 inches is taken as an example for detailed description.
  • the width of the display device 10 is 132.83 cm, and the height of the display device 10 is 74.72 cm.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 9 are the width direction of the display device 10
  • the upper and lower directions in FIGS. 2 and 9 are the height directions of the display device 10
  • the viewing area of the display device 10 is located directly in front of the display device 10
  • the display device 10 is The viewing zone is opposite to the center of the display device 10 in the width direction.
  • the lateral direction of the display device 10 can be considered to be a direction parallel to the line connecting the eyes of the viewer, and the longitudinal direction of the display device 10 can be regarded as a direction perpendicular to the line connecting the eyes of the viewer.
  • the width direction of the display device 10 Parallel to the line between the eyes of the viewer, that is, the left and right directions in FIG. 2 are the lateral direction of the display device 10
  • the upper and lower directions in FIG. 2 are the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 may be greater than 0 m and less than 500 m. In order to obtain a better viewing angle of the viewer Z, the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 may be Preferably, it is 0.5 m; at this time, when the viewer Z views the screen displayed by the display device 10, the line of sight of the viewer Z is concentrated in the central portion of the display device 10, and the central portion A of the field of view is opposite to the central portion of the display device 10, The center area B is located around the center of the field of view A.
  • the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the B grating region is gradually reduced; along the lateral direction of the display device 10, from the center of the display device 10 toward both sides of the display device 10, the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the B grating region
  • the grating period of 35 is gradually reduced.
  • red, green, and blue light emitted from both sides of the display device 10 are respectively deflected toward the viewer's line of sight, and along the position of the viewer Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, and the display.
  • the line on the device 10 corresponding to the position on the virtual screen 40 is deflected to improve the viewing experience along the lateral viewer Z of the display device 10; in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, the red is emitted from both sides of the display device 10.
  • Light, green, and blue light are deflected toward the viewer's line of sight, respectively, along the position of the viewer Z,
  • the position on the virtual screen 40, the line on the display device 10 corresponding to the position on the virtual screen 40, is deflected to improve the viewing experience along the longitudinal viewer Z of the display device 10. That is, in the display device 10 provided in the third aspect, the grating period of the R grating region 33, the grating period of the G grating region 34, and the grating period of the B grating region 35 are respectively changed along the lateral and longitudinal directions of the display device 10, and can be simultaneously The viewing experience of the viewer Z along the lateral and vertical directions of the display device 10 is improved.
  • the grating layer 30 may include a lateral grating which satisfies the lateral direction of the display device 10 and a longitudinal grating which satisfies the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, a lateral grating and a longitudinal grating. It may be arranged in the same layer, or the grating layer 30 may be divided into a transverse layer and a longitudinal layer, the transverse grating is located in the lateral layer, and the longitudinal grating is located in the longitudinal layer.
  • the display panel 20 includes a plurality of R pixels, a plurality of G pixels, and a plurality of B pixels, wherein the plurality of R pixels, the plurality of G pixels, and the plurality of B pixels may be arranged in multiple manners, that is, displayed.
  • the pixels can be arranged in various ways, for example:
  • the display device 10 in the lateral direction of the display device 10, includes a plurality of R pixel columns, a plurality of G pixel columns, and a plurality of B pixel columns, an R pixel column, a G pixel column, and a B pixel.
  • the columns are arranged in phase, the R pixel columns are formed by a plurality of R pixels 24 arranged in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, the G pixel columns are formed by a plurality of G pixels 25 arranged in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, and the B pixel columns are arranged along the display device 10 A plurality of B pixels 26 arranged in a longitudinal direction are formed.
  • the left-right direction in FIG. 10 is the lateral direction of the display device 10
  • the up-and-down direction in FIG. 10 is the longitudinal direction of the display device 10
  • the pixels 26 are arranged in an array, that is, a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26 constitute a pixel array
  • the pixel array includes a plurality of pixel rows extending in the lateral direction of the display device 10 and along the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • each pixel row includes a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26, and the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25, and the B pixel 26 are arranged alternately, for example,
  • the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25, and the B pixel 26 are sequentially arranged, or alternatively, the G pixel 25, the R pixel 24, and the B pixel 26 may be sequentially arranged, or may be the G pixel 25, the B pixel 26, and the R pixel 24 in order.
  • Arrangement, etc., is not limited herein; each pixel column includes one of G pixel 25, B pixel 26, and R pixel 24, forming an R pixel column, a G pixel column, and a B pixel column.
  • the grating layer 30 is arranged in the manner of the grating layer 30.
  • the following manner can be adopted: Referring to FIG. 5, the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31 and gratings.
  • the projection 31 is a strip-shaped grating projection, and the grating projection 31 extends in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, and the plurality of grating projections 31 are arranged in parallel in the lateral direction of the display device 10.
  • the left-right direction in FIG. 5 is the lateral direction of the display device 10, the up-and-down direction in FIG.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31, two adjacent two grating protrusions. There is a slit 32 between the 31, and the grating protrusion 31 includes: an R grating protrusion corresponding to the R pixel 24, a G grating protrusion corresponding to the G pixel 25, and a B grating protrusion corresponding to the B pixel 26; a grating protrusion 31 is a strip-shaped grating protrusion, and the grating protrusion 31 is along the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • the extension that is, the R grating protrusion, the G grating protrusion, and the B grating protrusion are all strip-shaped grating protrusions, the R grating protrusions are parallel to the extending direction of the R pixel columns, the G grating protrusions and the G pixel columns The extending directions are parallel, and the B grating bumps are parallel to the extending direction of the B pixel columns.
  • the display device 10 includes a plurality of R pixel rows, a plurality of G pixel rows, and a plurality of B pixel rows, R pixel rows, G pixel rows, and B.
  • the pixel rows are arranged one on another, and the R pixel rows are formed by a plurality of R pixels 24 arranged in the lateral direction of the display device 10, the G pixel rows are formed by a plurality of G pixels 25 arranged in the lateral direction of the display device 10, and the B pixel rows are formed by the edge display device A plurality of B pixels 26 arranged in the lateral direction of 10 are formed.
  • the left-right direction in FIG. 11 is the lateral direction of the display device 10
  • the up-and-down direction in FIG. 11 is the longitudinal direction of the display device 10
  • the pixels 26 are arranged in an array, that is, a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26 constitute a pixel array
  • the pixel array includes a plurality of pixel rows extending in the lateral direction of the display device 10 and along the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • each pixel column includes a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26, and the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25, and the B pixel 26 are arranged alternately, for example, may be
  • the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25, and the B pixel 26 are sequentially arranged, or alternatively, the G pixel 25, the R pixel 24, and the B pixel 26 may be sequentially arranged, or may be the G pixel 25, the B pixel 26, and the R pixel 24 in order.
  • Arrangement, etc., is not limited herein; each pixel row includes one of G pixel 25, B pixel 26, and R pixel 24, forming an R pixel row, a G pixel row, and a B pixel row.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31.
  • the grating protrusions 31 are strip-shaped grating protrusions, and the grating protrusions 31 extend in the lateral direction of the display device 10, and the plurality of grating protrusions 31 are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the display device 10.
  • the left-right direction in FIG. 7 is the lateral direction of the display device 10, the up-and-down direction in FIG.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31, two adjacent two grating protrusions. There is a slit 32 between the 31, and the grating protrusion 31 includes: an R grating protrusion corresponding to the R pixel 24, a G grating protrusion corresponding to the G pixel 25, and a B grating protrusion corresponding to the B pixel 26; a grating protrusion 31 is a strip-shaped grating protrusion, and the grating protrusion 31 extends along the lateral direction of the display device 10, that is, the R grating protrusion, the G grating protrusion, and the B grating protrusion are strip-shaped grating protrusions, and the R grating
  • the protrusions are parallel to the extending direction of the R pixel columns, the G grating protrusions are parallel to the extending direction of the G pixel columns, and the B grating
  • the arrangement of the pixels is three. Referring to FIG. 12, along the lateral direction of the display device 10, the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25 and the B pixel 26 are arranged in phase; along the longitudinal direction of the display device 10, the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25 and the B pixel 26 Arranged in phase.
  • the left-right direction in FIG. 12 is the lateral direction of the display device 10
  • the up-and-down direction in FIG. 12 is the longitudinal direction of the display device 10
  • the pixels 26 are arranged in an array, that is, the plurality of R pixels 24, the plurality of G pixels 25, and the plurality of B pixels 26 constitute a pixel array, and the pixels
  • the array includes a plurality of pixel rows extending in a lateral direction of the display device 10 and a plurality of pixel columns extending in a longitudinal direction of the display device 10, each pixel row including a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26
  • the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25, and the B pixel 26 are arranged alternately, for example, the R pixel 24, the G pixel 25, and the B pixel 26 may be sequentially arranged, or may be the G pixel 25, the R pixel 24,
  • each pixel column includes a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25 and more B pixels 26, and R pixels 24, G pixels 25 and B pixels 26 are arranged in phase, for example, R pixels 24, G pixels 25 and B pixels 26 may be arranged in order, or may be G pixels 25, R pixels The 24 and the B pixels 26 are arranged in order, or the G pixels 25, the B pixels 26, and the R pixels 24 may be sequentially arranged, and the like, which is not limited herein.
  • the screen viewed by the viewer Z is like the virtual screen 40 projected behind the display device 10.
  • the positional relationship of the viewer Z, the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40 may be various, for example:
  • the positional relationship between the viewer Z, the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40 Referring to FIG. 13, the viewer Z views the screen displayed by the display device 10, and the screen is projected on the virtual screen 40 behind the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40 is The curved virtual screen has a center of the virtual screen 40 and the viewer Z is located at the center of the virtual screen 40.
  • the positional relationship 2 between the viewer Z, the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40 Referring to FIG. 14, the viewer Z views the screen displayed by the display device 10, and the screen is projected on the virtual screen 40 behind the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40 is The curved virtual screen has a center of the virtual screen 40, and the viewer Z is located on the side of the center of the virtual screen 40 facing the virtual screen 40.
  • the positional relationship 3 between the viewer Z, the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40 Referring to FIG. 15, the viewer Z views the screen displayed by the display device 10, and the screen is projected on the virtual screen 40 behind the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40 is The curved virtual screen has a center of the virtual screen 40, and the display device 10 is located on the side of the center of the virtual screen 40 away from the virtual screen 40.
  • the positional relationship of the viewer Z, the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40, the viewer Z, the positional relationship of the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40, and the viewer Z, the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40 are illustrated.
  • the positional relationship three when the distance between the viewer Z and the display device 10 is constant, for the display device 10 of the same size, when the positions of the central portion A of the field of view are the same, the grating period at each position of the display device 10 can be Use the same settings.
  • the setting manner of the grating layer 30, the arrangement of the pixels, and the positional relationship of the viewer Z, the display device 10, and the virtual screen 40 may be arbitrarily combined, for example, The arrangement manner of the grating layer 30, the arrangement of the pixels 1 and the positional relationship of the viewer Z, the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40, or the arrangement mode of the grating layer 30 and the arrangement of the pixels may be adopted.
  • the grating period of the R grating region 33 is gradually decreased in the direction of the center of the central portion A of the field of view toward the non-field center region B, so that The grating period of the G grating region 34 gradually decreases along the direction of the center of the central region A of the field of view toward the non-field of view region B, so that the grating period of the B grating region 35 points to the center of the non-field of view along the center of the central region A of the field of view.
  • the direction of B is gradually reduced so that the red, green, and blue light emitted from the respective positions of the display device 10 are deflected toward the line of sight of the viewer Z, thereby causing the light emitted from each position of the display device 10 to be oriented.
  • the line of sight of the viewer Z is deflected and deflected along a line along the position of the viewer Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, and the position on the display device 10 corresponding to the position on the virtual screen 40, thereby improving the display of the display device 10.
  • the presence effect and the immersion of the viewer Z improve the viewer Z's viewing experience and bring a more realistic and comfortable viewing experience to the viewer Z.
  • the light emitted by the field center area A of the display device 10 can be considered to be directed into the eyes of the viewer Z, that is, from the field center area A of the display device 10, directly to the viewer Z.
  • the light in the eye can be regarded as the 0th-order diffracted light after the incident light is diffracted in the region corresponding to the central region A of the grating layer 30, and the light emitted from the non-field center region B of the display device 10 needs to be biased.
  • it is incident into the eye of the viewer Z that is, light emitted from the non-field center area B of the display device 10 and directed into the eye of the viewer Z can be regarded as incident light at the grating layer 30 and the non-field of view center.
  • the diffracted non-zero-order diffracted light is generated in the region corresponding to the region B.
  • the intensity of light emitted by the field center area A of the display device 10 and directed into the eyes of the viewer Z may be higher than that emitted by the non-field center area B of the display device 10 directly toward the viewer Z.
  • the intensity of light inside In order to further improve the presence effect of the display device 10 and the immersion of the viewer Z, improve the viewing experience of the viewer Z, and bring a more realistic and comfortable viewing experience to the viewer Z, it is necessary to increase the non-field of view by the display device 10.
  • the intensity of the light emitted from the central zone B directly into the eye of the viewer Z that is, the intensity and incidence of the 0th-order diffraction after the incident light is diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the central region A of the field of view
  • the intensity of the non-zero-order diffracted light that has been diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the non-field of view central region B is adjusted to be emitted from the field center A of the display device 10 and directed to the viewer Z.
  • the intensity of the light in the eye matches the intensity of the light emitted by the non-field center region B of the display device 10 and directed into the eye of the viewer Z.
  • the display device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a grating layer 30, and incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is diffracted and interfered at the grating layer 30, and k-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted at the grating layer 30
  • the phenomenon of interference constructive or interference cancellation occurs, and the k-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted at the grating layer 30 may cause the interference constructive length or the interference cancellation is related to the thickness of the grating bump 31 of the grating layer 30, Therefore, the thickness of the grating protrusions 31 of the grating layer 30 can be set such that the interference of a certain order of diffraction occurs or the interference is cancelled, and the intensity of the k-order diffraction is adjusted, and the adjustment is made at each position of the display device 10, The intensity of the light directed into the eyes of the viewer Z causes the light emitted at each position of the display device 10 to be directed into the eyes of the viewer Z.
  • the refractive index of the grating protrusion 31 of the grating layer 30 is n G
  • the filling in the gap 32 between the adjacent two grating protrusions 31 The refractive index is n S
  • the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 has a wavelength ⁇
  • the thickness h of the grating layer 30 is When m is a half integer, the 0th order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted by the grating layer 30 is interference canceled, and the 1st order diffraction obtained by the incident light after being irradiated by the grating layer 30 is interfered by the phase length, when the grating layer 30 is Thickness h is When m is an integer, the 0th-order diffraction obtained by the incident light after being diffracted by the grating layer 30 interferes with the phase length, and the first-order dif
  • the grating duty ratio of the grating layer 30 is 0.5
  • the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is 0 grade obtained after diffraction of the grating layer 30.
  • the relationship between the light-emitting efficiency of the diffraction and the thickness of the grating protrusion 31 of the grating layer 30 is shown in FIG. 16.
  • the relationship between the thicknesses of the grating projections 31 of 30 is as shown in Fig. 17.
  • the intensity of light emitted from the respective positions of the display device 10 and directed into the eyes of the viewer Z is related to the thickness of the grating protrusions 31 of the grating layer 30, and according to the above conclusion, each of the grating layers 30 can be passed.
  • the thickness of the grating bumps 31 of the region is set to adjust the intensity of the 0th-order diffraction and the non-zero-order diffraction at each position of the display device 10, thereby adjusting the position of the display device 10 to be emitted directly to the viewer Z.
  • the intensity of the light in the eye causes the non-zero-order diffraction obtained by the incident light to be diffracted in the region corresponding to the non-field center region B of the grating layer 30 to interfere constructively, so that the incident light is in the grating layer 30 and
  • the 0-order diffraction obtained by diffraction in the region corresponding to the central region B of the field of view undergoes interference cancellation, and the intensity of light emitted from the respective positions of the display device 10 and directed to the eyes of the viewer Z is matched.
  • the 0-order diffraction and the first-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the grating layer 30 are respectively controlled as an example.
  • the field of view center of the display device 10 is used.
  • the light emitted by the area A can be considered to be directly incident into the eyes of the viewer Z, and the light emitted by the non-field center area B of the display device 10 needs to be deflected to be directly directed into the eyes of the viewer Z.
  • the 0-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted by the grating layer 30 is mainly controlled, and in the non-field center region B of the display device 10, the incident is mainly incident.
  • the light is controlled by the first order diffraction obtained after the diffraction of the grating layer 30.
  • the display device 10 includes a display panel 20 and a backlight.
  • the backlight provides a surface light source for the display panel 20.
  • the surface light source is incident into the display panel 20, it is generally perpendicular to
  • the grating layer 30 is disposed inside or outside the display panel 20, the surface light source is also incident perpendicular to the grating layer 30.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating projections 31, wherein the thickness h B of the grating projections 31 in the region corresponding to the non-field of view central region B satisfies:
  • n GB is the refractive index of the grating protrusion 31 located in the area corresponding to the non-field of view central area B
  • n SB is the adjacent two grating protrusions located in the area corresponding to the non-field of view central area B
  • the refractive index of the filler in the gap 32 between 31, ⁇ is the wavelength of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30
  • m B is the second constant
  • the incident light is obtained after being diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the non-field center region B.
  • the first-order diffraction has an interference construct length, which increases the intensity of the first-order diffraction obtained by the incident light in the R grating region 33 in the region corresponding to the non-field of view central region B, and increases the incident light in the non-view.
  • the intensity of the first-order diffraction obtained after the G-grating region 34 in the region corresponding to the central region B of the field is diffracted, and the incident light is obtained by diffracting the B-grating region 35 in the region corresponding to the non-field-of-view central region B.
  • the intensity of the first-order diffraction increases the intensity of the first-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the non-field of view central region B, so that it is emitted from each position of the display device 10, and is directed to the direct direction.
  • the intensity of the light in the eyes of the viewer Z is matched, the brightness difference of the picture viewed by the viewer Z is reduced, the brightness uniformity of the picture viewed by the viewer Z is improved, and the viewing experience of the viewer Z is further improved. Bring viewers Z more realistic and comfortable Appropriate viewing experience.
  • the thickness h A of the grating projection 31 located in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view satisfies:
  • n GA is a refractive index of the grating protrusion 31 located in a region corresponding to the central area A of the field of view
  • n SA is an adjacent two grating protrusions 31 located in a region corresponding to the central area A of the field of view
  • the diffraction is interference-destructive, and the 0-order diffraction obtained by the incident light after being diffracted in the region corresponding to the central region A of the grating layer 30 does not interfere with interference, that is, is located corresponding to the central region A of the field of view.
  • the intensity of the 0th-order diffracted light obtained by the incident light after being diffracted in the R grating region 33 corresponding to the central portion A of the field of view can be adjusted.
  • the intensity of the 0th-order diffracted light obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the G grating region 34 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view is adjusted, and the incident light is adjusted to be diffracted in the B grating region 35 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view.
  • the intensity of the 0-order diffracted light obtained is adjusted to adjust the intensity of light emitted from the field center area A of the display device 10 to the eyes of the viewer Z, improving the brightness uniformity of the picture viewed by the viewer Z, In turn, the viewing experience of the viewer Z is improved, and the viewer Z is brought more realistic and comfortable. See experience.
  • the value of the first constant m A may be an integer or a non-integer.
  • the first constant m A may be determined according to actual requirements.
  • the incident light corresponds to the central portion of the field of view in the grating layer 30.
  • the first constant m A may take an integer, and the incident light is interfered by the 0-order diffraction obtained after the diffraction of the grating layer 30 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view. At this time, the incident light corresponds to the central region A of the field of view in the grating layer 30.
  • the intensity of the 0th-order diffracted light obtained after diffraction in the region is maximized, or the first constant m A may take a non-integer, and the value of the first constant m A is close to an integer, for example, when i is taken as 1, And when 0.5 ⁇ m A ⁇ 1, the value of the first constant m A may be 0.85, 0.9 or 0.95, etc.; when i is 1, and 1 ⁇ m A ⁇ 1.5, the value of the first constant m A may be It is 1.05, 1.1 or 1.15.
  • the intensity of the 0th order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region of the grating layer 30 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view and the incident light are diffracted in the region of the grating layer 30 corresponding to the non-field of view central region B.
  • the value of the first constant m A may be 0.55, 0.58 or 0.6, etc.; At 1 o'clock, and 1 ⁇ m A ⁇ 1.5, the value of the first constant m A may be 1.4, 1.43 or 1.46.
  • the 0th order diffraction obtained by the incident light in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the central region A of the field of view does not completely interfere with the constructive length, thereby
  • the intensity of the light emitted by the non-field center area B of the display device 10 and directed into the eyes of the viewer Z and the light emitted by the area of the field center area A of the display device 10 directly into the eyes of the viewer Z The strength matches.
  • the display panel 20 includes a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26, and the grating layer 30 includes: an R grating region 33 corresponding to the R pixel 24, corresponding to the G pixel 25. G grating region 34, and B grating region 35 corresponding to B pixel 26.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is red light.
  • the wavelength of the red light is 630 nm; when the thickness of the grating protrusion 31 in the region of the G grating region 34 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view is set, the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is green light.
  • the wavelength of the green light is 550 nm; when the thickness of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the B-grating region 35 and the central region A of the field of view is set, the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is blue light.
  • the wavelength, the wavelength of blue light is 430 nm.
  • n GA and n SA there is a difference between n GA and n SA , and the sizes of n GA and n SA can be set according to actual applications.
  • the relationship between n GA and n SA can satisfy: n GA ⁇ n SA , or, n GA >n SA .
  • the material of the grating protrusion 31 has a refractive index of 1.5, and the refractive index of the filler in the gap 32 between the adjacent two grating protrusions 31 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view is 1 when the grating
  • the filler in the adjacent two grating projections 31 may be air in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view.
  • n GB and n SB there is a difference between n GB and n SB , and the sizes of n GB and n SB can be set according to actual applications.
  • the relationship between n GB and n SB can satisfy: n GB ⁇ n SB , or, n GB >n SB .
  • the refractive index of the material of the inner grating protrusion 31 is 1.5, and the refractive index of the filler in the gap 32 between the adjacent two grating protrusions 31 in the region corresponding to the non-field of view central region B is 1
  • the filler in the adjacent two grating protrusions 31 in the region corresponding to the non-field center area B may be air.
  • the thickness h B of the grating bump 31 in the region corresponding to B reduces the manufacturing cost of the display device 10 and facilitates the thin design of the display device 10.
  • the first constant m A satisfies: 0.5 ⁇ m A ⁇ 1.5
  • the first constant m A preferably satisfies : 0.5 ⁇ m A ⁇ 1 to reduce the thickness h A of the grating projections 31 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the display device 10 and facilitating the thin design of the display device 10.
  • the display device 10 includes a plurality of R pixels 24, a plurality of G pixels 25, and a plurality of B pixels 26, and the grating layer 30 includes: an R grating region 33 corresponding to the R pixel 24, corresponding to the G pixel 25.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the wavelength of red light, and the wavelength of the red light is 630 nm.
  • the second constant m B is 0.5
  • the thickness h BR of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the non-field center region B of the R grating region 33 is 630 nm; the setting is located in the G grating region.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the wavelength of the green light, and the wavelength of the green light is 550 nm, according to formula (2)
  • the second constant m B is 0.5
  • the thickness h BG of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the G-grating region 34 and the non-field of view central region B is 630 nm; the setting is located in the B-grating region 35 and the non-field of view center.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the wavelength of blue light, and the wavelength of the blue light is 430 nm.
  • the thickness h BB of the grating projections 31 in the region corresponding to the B grating region 33 and the non-field of view central region B is 430 nm.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the wavelength of red light
  • the wavelength of the red light is 630 nm.
  • the thickness h AR of the grating protrusion 31 in the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view satisfies: 315 nm ⁇ h AR ⁇ 945nm.
  • the thickness h AR of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the R grating region 33 may be 630 nm, or the R grating region 33 and the view a grating in the region corresponding to the field center area of the projection thickness h AR 31 close to the value of 630nm, e.g., R grating region and the grating 33 in the area a corresponding to the center of the field region thickness h AR 31 projections may be 550 nm, 580 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm or 680 nm, etc.; the intensity of the 0th order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region of the R grating region 33 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view corresponds to the incident light in the R grating region 33 corresponding to the non-viewing When the intensity of the first-order diffraction obtained after the diffraction occurs is small, the thickness h AR of the grat
  • the R grating region 33 is within the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view
  • the gate thickness h AR protrusion 31 may be of 330 nm, 400 nm or 370nm the like, or, R grating region 33 A field of view corresponding to the central region of the grating thickness in the region of the projections 31 h AR nearly 945 nm, for example, the central field of view
  • the thickness h AR of the grating protrusion 31 of the R grating region 33 in the region may be 850 nm, 900 nm or 930 nm or the like.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the wavelength of the green light
  • the wavelength of the green light is 550 nm.
  • the thickness h AG of the grating protrusion 31 in the region of the G grating region 34 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view satisfies: 275 nm ⁇ h AG ⁇ 825nm.
  • the thickness h AG of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the G-grating region 34 may be 550 nm, or the G-grating region 34 and the view a grating in the region corresponding to the field center area of the projection thickness h AG 31 values approaching 550 nm, e.g., in the area a grating G corresponding to the grating region 34 and the projection center of the field region thickness h AG 31 may be 500 nm, 530 nm, 580 nm or 600 nm, etc.; the intensity of the 0th order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region of the G grating region 34 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view and the incident light in the G grating region 34 correspond to the center of the non-field of view When the intensity of the first-order diffraction obtained after diffraction is small, the intensity of the first-order diffraction obtained after diffraction obtained after
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the wavelength of blue light
  • the wavelength of the blue light is 430 nm, according to the formula (3)
  • the thickness h AB of the grating protrusion 31 in the region of the B grating region 35 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view satisfies: 215 nm ⁇ h AB ⁇ 645nm.
  • the thickness h AB of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the B-grating region 35 may be 430 nm, or the B-grating region 35 and the view a region of the grating in the center field corresponding to the projection of the thickness h AB 31 values approaching 430nm, e.g., B grating region and the grating 35 in the area a corresponding to the thickness of the projection center of the field region may be h AB 31 350 nm, 380 nm, 480 nm, or 500 nm, etc.; the intensity of the 0th order diffraction obtained by the incident light in the region where the B grating region 35 corresponds to the central region A of the field of view and the incident light in the B grating region 35 correspond to the non-field of view center.
  • the thickness h AB of the grating projection 31 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the B grating region 35 is close to 215 nm, for example, a grating in the region of the B-grating region 35 corresponding to the central region A of the field of view AB 31 from the thickness h may be 250 nm, 300 nm or 280nm the like, or the thickness of the grating region 31 B and the grating 35 in the area A corresponding to the center of the field region near the protrusion h 645nm AB, e.g., 35 and the grating region B
  • the thickness h AB of the grating protrusion 31 in the region corresponding to the central area A of the field of view may be 620 nm, 600 nm or 550 nm or the like.
  • FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 when the grating period of the grating layer 30 is 3 ⁇ m and the thickness of the grating protrusion 31 of the grating layer 30 is 500 nm, incident light incident on the grating layer 30 occurs in the grating layer 30.
  • the relationship between the light-emitting efficiency of the 0th-order diffraction obtained after diffraction and the grating duty ratio is as shown in FIG. 18.
  • the light-emitting efficiency of the first-order diffraction obtained by the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 after being diffracted by the grating layer 30 is different from that of the grating.
  • the relationship between the air ratios is as shown in Fig. 19. As can be seen from Fig.
  • the intensity of the 0th order diffraction is the smallest, and when the grating duty ratio is less than 0.5, the 0 level
  • the intensity of the diffraction decreases as the duty ratio of the grating increases.
  • the intensity of the 0-order diffraction increases as the duty ratio of the grating increases.
  • the intensity of the first-order diffraction is the largest, and the grating accounts for
  • the space ratio is less than 0.5, the intensity of the first-order diffraction increases as the duty ratio of the grating increases.
  • the grating duty ratio is greater than 0.5, the intensity of the first-order diffraction decreases as the duty ratio of the grating increases.
  • the intensity of the light emitted by each position of the display device 10 is also related to the grating duty ratio of the grating layer 30, and according to the above conclusion, the grating duty ratio of the grating layer 30 can be set by Increasing the intensity of the non-zero-order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the non-field of view central region B, thereby increasing the non-view center region B of the display device 10 and directing it to the viewer Z.
  • the intensity of the light in the eye and if necessary, appropriately reduces the intensity of the 0th-order diffraction obtained by the incident light diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the central region A of the field of view, thereby appropriately reducing the field of view of the display device 10.
  • the intensity of the light emitted by the central area A directly into the eye of the viewer Z thereby further intensifying the intensity of light emitted by the non-field center area B of the display device 10 into the eye of the viewer Z and by the display device
  • the field center area A of 10 is emitted and directly matched to the intensity of light in the eyes of the viewer Z.
  • the grating layer A satisfies the grating duty cycle DC of 30: 0.2 ⁇ dc A ⁇ 0.8; field of view within the non-central area corresponding to the area B, the grating of the grating layer 30
  • the duty ratio dc B is 0.5.
  • the grating duty ratio of the R grating region 33, the grating duty ratio of the G grating region 34, and the grating duty ratio of the B grating region 35 are all in the range of 0 to 1 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view.
  • the grating duty ratio of the R grating region 33, the grating duty ratio of the G grating region 34, and the grating duty ratio of the B grating region 35 are both 0.5.
  • the grating duty ratio dc B of the grating layer 30 is set to 0.5 in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the non-field of view central region B, and thus is within the region corresponding to the non-field of view central region B.
  • the intensity of the first order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the non-field of view central region B is the largest.
  • the light emitted by the non-field center area B of the display device 10 and directed into the eyes of the viewer Z has a high intensity, so that the non-field center area B of the display device 10 can be emitted directly to the viewer.
  • the intensity of the light in the eye of Z matches the intensity of the light emitted by the field center area A of the display device 10 and directed into the eye of the viewer Z.
  • the region of the center of the field corresponding to the region A, the duty cycle of the grating 30, the grating layer satisfies A DC: 0.2 ⁇ dc A ⁇ 0.8, in practice, the field of view corresponding to the central region A
  • the value of the grating duty ratio dc A of the grating layer 30 can be set according to actual needs, for example, emitted by the non-field center area B of the display device 10 and directed to the light in the eyes of the viewer Z.
  • the grating of the grating layer 30 may be made in the area corresponding to the central area A of the field of view.
  • the duty ratio dc A is 0.5, and in this case, in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view, when the grating period of the grating layer 30 and the thickness of the grating protrusion 31 of the grating layer 30 are constant, the incident light is in the grating layer.
  • the intensity of the 0th-order diffraction obtained after diffraction in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view is the smallest, and thus the level 0 of the incident light obtained after diffraction in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the central region A of the field of view can be appropriately reduced.
  • the intensity of the diffraction, so that the non-view by the display device 10 can be made B issues central area, the intensity of direct light in the direction Z of the viewer's eyes and the center of the field emitted by the display region A of the apparatus 10, to match the intensity of direct light in the Z viewer's eyes.
  • the grating duty ratio dc A of the grating layer 30 in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view may satisfy: 0.2 ⁇ dc A ⁇ 0.5, or 0.5 ⁇ dc A ⁇ 0.8, for example, a grating layer
  • the grating duty ratio dc A of 30 may be 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7 or 0.8.
  • the grating period of the grating layer 30 and the grating layer 30 are in the region corresponding to the central region A of the field of view.
  • the intensity of the 0th order diffraction obtained after the incident light is diffracted in the region corresponding to the grating layer 30 and the central portion A of the field of view is not minimized, and the incident light is at the center of the grating layer 30 and the field of view.
  • the intensity of the 0th-order diffraction obtained after diffraction in the region corresponding to the region A is not at the maximum, and thus the intensity of light emitted from the non-field center region B of the display device 10 and directed to the viewer Z can be made.
  • the eye is emitted from the field center area A of the display device 10 and directed to the viewer Z
  • the intensity of light matches.
  • the grating protrusions 31 may be transparent grating protrusions or non-transparent grating protrusions, and the material of the grating protrusions 31 may have various options.
  • the grating protrusion 31 is a transparent grating protrusion
  • the grating protrusion 31 is a polymethyl methacrylate grating protrusion.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the grating projection 31 is stepped, trapezoidal or triangular.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31 with slits 32 between adjacent two grating protrusions 31, and the grating protrusions 31 are perpendicular to the adjacent two grating protrusions.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the obtained grating projection 31 is stepped.
  • one side of the section of the grating protrusion 31 may be stepped, or, as shown in FIG. 20, the both sides of the section of the grating protrusion 31 may be steps.
  • the stepped shape on both sides of the section of the grating protrusion 31 may be perpendicular to the light incident surface of the grating protrusion 31 in the section of the grating protrusion 31
  • the center line is symmetrical, and the stepped shape on both sides of the section of the grating protrusion 31 may be asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the grating entrance 31 which is perpendicular to the entrance surface of the grating protrusion 31.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31.
  • the adjacent two grating protrusions 31 have a slit 32 therebetween, and the grating protrusions 31 are perpendicular to the adjacent two grating protrusions 31.
  • the obtained grating projection 31 has a triangular cross section shape.
  • both sides of the cross section of the grating protrusion 31 may be symmetrical with respect to the center line of the light incident surface of the grating protrusion 31 on the cross section of the grating protrusion 31.
  • the grating protrusion 31 The cross-sectional shape is an isosceles triangle, or, as shown in FIG. 23, both sides of the cross section of the grating projection 31 may be asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the grating projection 31 perpendicular to the entrance surface of the grating projection 31.
  • the grating layer 30 includes a plurality of grating protrusions 31.
  • the adjacent two grating protrusions 31 have a slit 32 therebetween, and the grating protrusions 31 are perpendicular to the adjacent two grating protrusions 31.
  • the obtained grating projection 31 has a trapezoidal shape.
  • both sides of the section of the grating protrusion 31 may be perpendicular to the grating protrusion on the section of the grating protrusion 31.
  • the center line of the light incident surface of 31 is symmetrical.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the grating projection 31 is an isosceles trapezoid, or, as shown in Fig. 25, both sides of the cross section of the grating projection 31 may be opposed to the cross section of the grating projection 31.
  • the center line of the light incident surface perpendicular to the grating protrusion 31 is asymmetrical.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the grating protrusion 31 is stepped, trapezoidal or triangular, the light-emitting surface of each grating protrusion 31 is not parallel to the light-incident surface of the grating protrusion 31, and the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 passes through the grating.
  • incident light is multi-diffracted and multi-interference in the grating layer 30, which increases the effect of diffraction and interference of incident light on the grating layer 30, and enhances the ability to adjust the light-emitting direction at each position of the display device 10, so that The light emitted at each position of the display device 10 is deflected toward the line of sight of the viewer Z, and the position along the position of the viewer Z, the position on the virtual screen 40, the position corresponding to the position on the display device 10 and the virtual screen 40 is located.
  • the k-order diffraction interference emitted by the line of sight is cancelled, and the k-order diffraction interference which is emitted toward the viewer's line of sight is long, further improving the control effect of controlling the propagation of light in the display device 10, thereby improving the viewer Z's viewing.
  • Experience brings a more realistic and comfortable viewing experience to viewer Z.
  • the display panel 20 includes a color film layer 23 , and the grating layer 30 is located on the light exiting side of the color film layer 23 or the light incident side of the color film layer 23 .
  • the display panel 20 includes a first substrate 21, a second substrate 22, and a color film layer 23.
  • the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are disposed opposite to each other, and the color film layer 23 is located on the first substrate 21 and Between the two substrates 22; the downward direction in FIG. 3 is the light-emitting direction of the display panel 20, and the upper side of the color film layer 23 in FIG. 3 is the light-incident side of the color film layer 23, and the color film layer 23 in FIG.
  • the side is the light exiting side of the color film layer 23; the grating layer 30 may be located on the light emitting side of the color film layer 23, for example, the grating layer 30 may be located between the color film layer 23 and the second substrate 22, or the grating layer 30 may be located at the The two substrates 22 are disposed on the side of the color film layer 23; or the grating layer 30 may be located on the light incident side of the color film layer 23.
  • the grating layer 30 may be located between the color film layer 23 and the first substrate 22, or The grating layer 30 may be located on the side of the first substrate 21 facing away from the color film layer 23.
  • the grating layer 30 is located on the light exiting side of the color film layer 23 , and the grating layer 30 is in contact with the color film layer 23 .
  • the display panel 20 includes a first substrate 21, a second substrate 22, and a color film layer 23.
  • the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are disposed opposite to each other, and the color film layer 23 is located on the first substrate 21 and Between the second substrates 22; the grating layer 30 is located between the color film layer 23 and the second substrate 22, and the grating layer 30 is in contact with the color film layer 23.
  • the incident light incident on the grating layer 30 is the outgoing light of the color filter layer 23, and since the grating layer 30 is in contact with the color filter layer 23, the emitted light of the color filter layer 23 is not incident on the grating layer 30. Since the light is mixed, it is possible to prevent the control effect of the grating layer 30 from propagating the light in the display device 10 due to the light mixing of the light emitted from the color filter layer 23.
  • the grating layer 30 may be disposed outside the display panel 20.
  • the display device 10 is a liquid crystal display device.
  • the display device 10 includes a backlight and a display panel 20 on the light emitting side of the backlight.
  • the backlight is a display panel.
  • 20 provides a surface light source;
  • the grating layer 30 may be disposed on the light exiting side of the backlight, and the grating layer 30 is in contact with the backlight, and the surface light source provided by the backlight is incident on the display panel 20 through the grating layer 30.
  • the grating layer 30 can be prepared in various ways.
  • the grating layer 30 can be prepared by a nanoimprint process or a laser interference process.

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  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种显示装置(10),其包括:显示面板(20),以及设置在显示面板(20)的内部或显示面板(20)的外部的光栅层(30),其中,显示面板(20)包括多个R像素(24)、多个G像素(25)和多个B像素(26),光栅层(30)包括:与R像素(24)对应的R光栅区(33),与G像素(25)对应的G光栅区(34),以及与B像素(26)对应的B光栅区(35);沿显示装置(10)的视场中心区(A)的中心指向显示装置(10)的非视场中心区(B)的方向,R光栅区(33)的光栅周期、G光栅区(34)的光栅周期和B光栅区(35)的光栅周期均逐渐减小,显示装置(10)对应于R像素(24)的位置发出的光、显示装置(10)对应于G像素(25)的位置发出的光以及显示装置(10)对应于B像素(26)的位置发出的光均直射向观看者(Z)的眼睛,上述显示装置(10)用于进行虚拟显示。

Description

显示装置
交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年6月24日提交的申请号为201610475899.1、名称为“一种显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种显示装置。
背景技术
显示装置是一种用于显示文字、数字、符号、图片,或者由文字、数字、符号和图片中至少两种组合形成的图像等画面的装置。显示装置可以为平面显示装置、曲面显示装置、3D显示装置、近眼显示装置、AR/VR显示装置等。
随着显示装置的发展,人们对显示的临场效果和观看者的沉浸感提出了越来越高的要求,为了提高显示的临场效果和观看者的沉浸感,关键的技术之一就是需要对显示装置内的光的传播进行有效的控制,例如,对于其中一种用于进行虚拟显示的显示装置,显示装置具有固定的视场中心区和非视场中心区,观看者位于显示装置前的观看区内,并观看显示装置所显示的画面时,观看者的视线集中在视场中心区,通过对显示装置内的光的传播进行控制,使观看者所看到的画面就好像是投射在显示装置前或显示装置后的虚拟屏幕上,并使观看者能够看到视场中心区和非视场中心区的画面,以使显示装置具有较好的临场效果,并提高观看者的沉浸感。
目前,通常在显示装置设置微棱镜或微透镜,实现对显示装置内的光的传播的控制,即现有的显示装置通常采用基于几何光学原理设计的结构来实现对显示装置内的光的传播的控制,但是,随着虚拟显示装置的发展,基于几何光学原理设计的结构不足以满足对显示装置内的光的传播的控制的要求,导致显示装置显示的临场效果和观看者的沉浸感较差,从而给观看者带来不良的观看体验。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种显示装置,用于改善观看者的观看体验。
为了实现上述目的,本公开提供如下技术方案:
一种显示装置,包括:显示面板,以及设置在所述显示面板的内部或所述显示面板的外部的光栅层,其中,所述显示面板包括多个R像素、多个G像素和多个B像素,所述光栅层包括:与所述R像素对应的R光栅区,与所述G像素对应的G光栅 区,以及与所述B像素对应的B光栅区;
沿所述显示装置的视场中心区的中心指向所述显示装置的非视场中心区的方向,所述R光栅区的光栅周期、所述G光栅区的光栅周期和所述B光栅区的光栅周期均逐渐减小,所述显示装置对应于所述R像素的位置发出的光、所述显示装置对应于所述G像素的位置发出的光以及所述显示装置对应于所述B像素的位置发出的光分别沿所述所述R像素的位置与观看者所成的直线、所述G像素的位置与观看者所成的直线、所述B像素的位置与观看者所成的直线发出。
本公开提供的显示装置通过设置在显示面板的内部或显示面板的外部的光栅层,以对光在显示装置内传播时发生的衍射效应进行控制,实现对显示装置内的光的传播的控制,进而实现对显示装置发出的光进行控制,也就是说,本公开中,采用基于物理光学原理设计的结构来实现对显示装置内的光的传播的控制,相比于现有技术中采用基于几何光学原理设计的结构来实现对显示装置内的光的传播的控制,采用基于物理光学原理设计的结构对显示装置内的光的传播的控制能力较高,从而可以更好地对显示装置内的光的传播进行控制,改善对显示装置内的光的传播进行控制的控制效果,改善显示装置显示的临场效果和观看者的沉浸感,进而改善观看者的观看体验,给观看者带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,构成本公开的一部分,本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开,并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为一种显示装置与观看者的位置关系图;
图2为图1中显示装置的平面示意图;
图3为本公开实施例提供的显示装置的截面图;
图4为显示装置的不同位置处1级衍射的衍射角的曲线图;
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种光栅层的结构示意图;
图6为图5中光栅层的光栅周期的曲线图;
图7为本公开实施例提供的另一种光栅层的结构示意图;
图8为图7中光栅层的光栅周期的曲线图;
图9为本公开实施例提供的又一种光栅层的结构示意图;
图10为本公开实施例提供的显示装置的像素排列方式一;
图11为本公开实施例提供的显示装置的像素排列方式二;
图12为本公开实施例提供的显示装置的像素排列方式三;
图13为观看者、显示装置和虚拟屏幕的位置关系一;
图14为观看者、显示装置和虚拟屏幕的位置关系二;
图15为观看者、显示装置和虚拟屏幕的位置关系三;
图16为0级衍射的出光效率与光栅凸起的厚度关系图;
图17为1级衍射的出光效率与光栅凸起的厚度关系图;
图18为0级衍射的出光效率与光栅占空比的关系图;
图19为1级衍射的出光效率与光栅占空比的关系图;
图20为光栅凸起的截面示意图一;
图21为光栅凸起的截面示意图二;
图22为光栅凸起的截面示意图三;
图23为光栅凸起的截面示意图四;
图24为光栅凸起的截面示意图五;
图25为光栅凸起的截面示意图六。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本公开实施例提供的显示装置,下面结合说明书附图进行详细描述。
请参阅图1至图3,本公开实施例提供的显示装置10包括:显示面板20,以及设置在显示面板20的内部或显示面板20的外部的光栅层30,其中,显示面板20包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,光栅层30包括:与R像素对应的R光栅区33,与G像素25对应的G光栅区34,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅区35;沿显示装置10的视场中心区A的中心指向显示装置10的非视场中心区B的方向,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,显示装置10对应于R像素24的位置发出的光、显示装置10对应于G像素25的位置发出的光以及显示装置10对应于B像素26的位置发出的光均直射向观看者Z的眼睛。
需要说明的是,上述实施例中,显示装置10可以呈平面,也可以呈曲面,在本公开实施例中,以显示装置10呈平面为例进行说明。
举例来说,请参阅图1和图2,本公开实施例提供的显示装置10具有视场中心区A和非视场中心区B,视场中心区A和非视场中心区B共同围成显示装置10的出光面,显示装置10前具有观看区,观看者Z位于观看区内,并观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z的视线集中在视场中心区A内。
观看者Z位于显示装置10前的观看区内,且观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z所看到的画面好像投射在显示装置10前或显示装置10后的虚拟屏幕40上,观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40构成一个光学系统中,在该光学系统中,虚拟屏幕40可以位于光学系统的焦平面处,例如,虚拟屏幕40可以位于光学系统的后焦平面处,即虚拟屏幕40位于显示装置10后的焦平面处,或者,虚拟 屏幕40可以位于光学系统的前焦平面处,即虚拟屏幕40位于显示装置10前的焦平面处。假设虚拟屏幕40上有一点Y,观看者Z所看到的Y点处的画面为显示装置10上的X点处所显示的画面,观看者Z、虚拟屏幕40上的Y点和显示装置10上的X点位于同一直线上,此时,XY的距离为离焦量,显示装置10的各位置处显示的画面则可以根据对应的离焦量进行推算获得,或者,显示装置10的各位置处显示的画面可以是经过特殊设备记录下来并保存而获得。
在实际应用中,观看者Z位于显示装置10前的观看区内,且观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z所看到的画面还可以包括景深画面,景深画面可以是经过特殊设备记录下来并经处理后获得,也可以是由显示装置10内的显示芯片或中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU)根据图像处理算法进行推算获得,因此,显示装置10显示的画面可以为:仅包括可以投射在显示装置10前的某一虚拟屏幕40上的画面,或者,仅包括可以投射在显示装置10后的某一虚拟屏幕40上的画面,或者,包括可以投射在显示装置10前的某一虚拟屏幕40上的画面,以及该虚拟屏幕40的景深画面,或者,包括可以投射在显示装置10后的某一虚拟屏幕40上的画面,以及该虚拟屏幕40的景深画面,或者,包括可以投射在显示装置10前的某一虚拟屏幕40上的画面,以及显示装置10的景深画面,或者,包括可以投射在显示装置10后的某一虚拟屏幕40上的画面,以及显示装置10的景深画面,或者,包括可以投射在观看者Z所能看到的所有虚拟屏幕40上的画面,以及各虚拟屏幕40的景深画面。
请参阅图3,显示装置10包括显示面板20和光栅层30,显示面板20可以为液晶显示面板或OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode,有机发光二极管)显示面板、PDP显示面板(Plasma Display Panel,等离子体面板)、CRT(Cathode Ray Tube,阴极射线管)显示面板等,光栅层30设置在显示面板20的内部或显示面板20的外部,例如,显示装置10为液晶显示装置,显示装置10包括背光源和位于背光源的出光侧的显示面板20,显示面板20包括相对设置的第一基板21和第二基板22,光栅层30可以设置在第一基板21与第二基板22之间,或者,光栅层30可以设置在第一基板21背向第二基板22的侧面上,或者,光栅层30可以设置在第二基板22背向第一基板21的侧面上,或者,光栅层30可以设置在背光源的出光侧。
显示装置10的配色方案采用RGB(Red红色,Green绿色,Blue蓝色)配色方案,显示面板20包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,光栅层30包括:与R像素对应的R光栅区33,与G像素25对应的G光栅区34,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅区35。沿视场中心区A的中心指向非视场中心区B的方向,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,即,可以认为,沿视场中心区A的中心向显示装置10的边缘,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,如图2 所示,视场中心区A位于显示装置10的中部,非视场中心区B环绕视场中心区A,由视场中心区A的中心a向图2中显示装置10的上边缘,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小;由视场中心区A的中心a向图2中显示装置10的下边缘,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小;由视场中心区A的中心a向图2中显示装置10的左边缘,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小;由视场中心区A的中心a向图2中显示装置10的右边缘,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
显示装置10对应于R像素24的位置发出的光、显示装置10对应于G像素25的位置发出的光以及显示装置10对应于B像素26的位置发出的光均直射向观看者,也就是,显示装置10对应于R像素24的位置发出的光、显示装置10对应于G像素25的位置发出的光以及显示装置10对应于B像素26的位置发出的光分别沿R像素24的位置与观看者所成的直线、G像素25的位置与观看者所成的直线、B像素的位置26与观看者所成的直线发出。例如,如图1所示,虚拟屏幕40上具有一点Y,观看者Z所看到的Y点处的画面为显示装置10上的X点处所显示的画面,观看者Z、虚拟屏幕40上的Y点和显示装置10上的X点位于同一直线上,显示装置10上的X点处发出的光直射向观看者Z,即显示装置10上的X点处发出的光沿观看者Z、虚拟屏幕40上的Y点和显示装置10上的X点所在的直线发出。显示装置10上的X点对应R像素时,显示装置10上的X点发出红光,且该红光沿观看者Z、虚拟屏幕40上的Y点和显示装置10上的X点所在的直线发出;显示装置10上的X点对应G像素时,显示装置10上的X点发出绿光,且该绿光沿观看者Z、虚拟屏幕40上的Y点和显示装置10上的X点所在的直线发出;显示装置10上的X点对应B像素时,显示装置10上的X点发出蓝光,且该蓝光沿观看者Z、虚拟屏幕40上的Y点和显示装置10上的X点所在的直线发出。
本公开实施例提供的显示装置10中设置有光栅层30,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30会发生衍射,并获得k级衍射(k=0,±1,±2...),k级衍射的衍射角θ与光栅的光栅周期P之间的关系通常满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000001
式(1)中,θ0为入射至光栅层30的入射光的入射角,λ为入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长。
根据式(1)可知,当入射至光栅层30的入射角θ0一定时,对于0级衍射来说,0级衍射的衍射角θ与入射至光栅层30的入射角θ0相等,光栅的光栅周期P对0级衍射的衍射角没有影响;对于非0级衍射来说,例如对1级衍射、2级衍射、3级衍射 等来说,随着光栅周期P的增加,非0级衍射的衍射角θ均逐渐增加。因此,通过设定不同的光栅周期P,即可调整非0级衍射的衍射角θ,以使非0级衍射的衍射的光沿着设定方向发出。
具体地,显示装置10包括视场中心区A和非视场中心区B,视场中心区A位于显示装置10的中部,非视场中心区B环绕视场中心区A,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z的视线集中在视场中心区A,由视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛的光可以认为是入射光经对应于视场中心区A的光栅层30后获得的0级衍射的光,而由非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛的光则需要经过偏折后才能直射向观看者Z的眼睛,即可以认为由非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛的光为入射光经对应于非视场中心区B的光栅层30后获得的非0级衍射的光,因此,可以使图2中与非视场中心区B对应的光栅层30的光栅周期小于与视场中心区A对应的光栅层30的光栅周期,使入射光在与非视场中心区B对应的光栅层30发生衍射后获得的非0级衍射具有合适的衍射角,非0级衍射的光朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,非0级衍射的光直射入观看者Z的眼睛,也就是说,可以通过对光栅层30的光栅周期进行设定,以对入射光经光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域后获得的非0级衍射的衍射角进行调节,使入射光在与非视场中心区B对应的光栅层30发生衍射后获得的非0级衍射具有合适的衍射角,非0级衍射的光朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,非0级衍射的光直射入观看者Z的眼睛。
举例来说,请参阅图1,观看者Z位于显示装置10前的观看区内,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z所看到的画面好像投射在显示装置10后的虚拟屏幕40上,观看者Z所看到的虚拟屏幕40上Y点处的画面对应于显示装置10的X点处的画面,假设X点位于显示装置10的非视场中心区B,如果要实现虚拟屏幕40上Y点处的画面被观看者Z看到,则可以通过设定光栅层30对应于X点的位置处的光栅周期P,调整入射光在光栅层30对应于X点的位置处发生衍射后获得的非0级衍射的衍射角θ,以使非0级衍射的光沿着Z、X和Y所在的直线发出,实现虚拟屏幕40上Y点处的画面被观看者的左眼Z看到。
例如,假设显示装置10的尺寸为60寸,显示装置10的宽为132.83cm,视场中心区A位于显示装置10的中部,视场中心区A的中心a与显示装置10的中心对应,可以假设图2中的左右方向为显示装置10的宽度方向,图4示出了沿图2中的左右方向,入射光在光栅层30的不同位置发生衍射获得的1级衍射的光直射至观看者Z的眼睛时需要偏折的角度与显示装置10的位置的关系图,即沿图2中左右方向,入射光在光栅层30的不同位置发生衍射获得的1级衍射的光直射至观看者Z的眼睛时需要的衍射角θ与显示装置10的位置的关系图,例如沿图2中的左右方向,与显示装置10的中心之间的距离为20cm的位置处,入射光在R光栅区33与该位置对应的位置处发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的光的衍射角θ应达到20°,入射光在G光栅区 34与该位置对应的位置处发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ应达到20°,入射光在B光栅区35与该位置对应的位置处发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ应达到20°;与显示装置10的中心之间的距离为40cm的位置处,入射光在R光栅区33与该位置对应的位置处发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ应达到35°,入射光在G光栅区34与该位置对应的位置处发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ应达到35°,入射光在B光栅区35与该位置对应的位置处发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ应达到35°。
通过对光栅层30的R光栅区33、G光栅区34和B光栅区35的各位置处的光栅周期进行设定,入射光在R光栅区33的各位置处发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ达到应达到的角度,入射光在G光栅区34的各位置处发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ达到应达到的角度,入射光在B光栅区35的各位置处发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角θ达到应达到的角度,则可以使得入射光在R光栅区33的各位置处发生衍射获得的1级衍射的光直射向观看者的眼睛内,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线发出,入射光在G光栅区34的各位置处发生衍射获得的1级衍射的光直射向观看者的眼睛内,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线发出,入射光在B光栅区35的各位置处发生衍射获得的1级衍射的光直射向观看者的眼睛内,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线发出。
由上述可知,本公开实施例提供的显示装置10通过设置在显示面板20的内部或显示面板20的外部的光栅层30,通过对光栅层30的各位置处的光栅周期进行设定,以对光在显示装置10内传播时发生的衍射效应进行控制,实现对显示装置10内的光的传播的控制,进而实现对显示装置10发出的光进行控制,也就是说,本公开实施例中,采用基于物理光学原理设计的结构来实现对显示装置10内的光的传播的控制,相比于现有技术中采用基于几何光学原理设计的结构来实现对显示装置10内的光的传播的控制,采用基于物理光学原理设计的结构对显示装置10内的光的传播的控制能力较高,从而可以更好地对显示装置10内的光的传播进行控制,改善对显示装置10内的光的传播进行控制的控制效果,改善显示装置10显示的临场效果和观看者Z的沉浸感,进而改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
值得一提的是,光栅层30包括:与R像素24对应的R光栅区33,与G像素25对应的G光栅区34,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅区35,R光栅区33、G光栅区34和B光栅区35可以同层设置,或者,光栅层30可以分为层叠设置的第一层、第二层和第三层,R光栅区33可以位于第一层,G光栅区34可以位于第二层,B光栅区35可以位于第三层,即R光栅区33、G光栅区34和B光栅区35不同层设置,与 将R光栅区33、G光栅区34和B光栅区35同层设置相比,可以防止制作光栅层30时,R光栅区33、G光栅区34和B光栅区35相互干扰,方便光栅层30的制作。
在实际应用中,根据显示装置10的功能不同以及显示装置10前的观看区的位置的不同,显示装置10的视场中心区A和非视场中心区B的位置可以变化,例如,对于某些显示装置10来说,视场中心区A可以位于图2中的左侧,此时,非视场中心区B位于图2中的右侧,或者,对于某些显示装置10来说,视场中心区A可以位于图2中的右侧,此时,非视场中心区B位于图2中的左侧。
值得指出的是,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得k级衍射(k=0,±1,±2...),对显示装置10的某个区域的出光方向的调节时,通常通过调节光栅层30与该区域对应的区域内的光栅周期,以对经光栅层30与该区域对应的区域时发生衍射后获得的非0级衍射的衍射角进行调节,例如,通常通过调节光栅层30与该区域对应的区域内的光栅周期,以对1级衍射、2级衍射、3级衍射等的衍射角进行调节。在实际应用中,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得k级衍射(k=0,±1,±2...),其中,0级衍射的强度最强,随着|k|的增加,k级衍射的强度逐渐减小,且通常来说,2级衍射的强度与1级衍射的强度差一个或多个数量级,即2级衍射的强度比1级衍射的强度小很多,因而,对经光栅层30与该区域对应的区域时发生衍射后获得的非0级衍射的衍射角进行调节时,可以只对1级衍射的衍射角进行调节。
在本公开实施例中,以对经光栅层30的入射光发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的衍射角进行调节为例进行说明,并以对经光栅层30的入射光发生衍射后获得的0级衍射和1级衍射的强度进行调节为例进行说明。
值得指出的是,本公开实施例提供的显示装置10可以为虚拟显示装置、近眼显示装置、AR/VR显示装置等。
在上述实施例中,根据显示装置10的功能的不同,以及显示装置10前的观看区的位置的不同,光栅层30的设置方式可以有多种,下面示例性列举三种光栅层30的设置方式,但不限于所列举的三种方式。
光栅层30的设置方式一,请参阅图1、图2、图3、图5和图6,显示装置10具有视场中心区A和非视场中心区B,视场中心区A位于显示装置10的中部区域,且视场中心区A的中心a与显示装置10的中心对应,沿显示装置10的横向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
具体地,以显示装置10的尺寸为60寸为例进行详细说明,显示装置10的宽为132.83cm,显示装置10的高为74.72cm,例如,如图2和图5所示,图2或图5中左右的方向为显示装置10的宽度方向,图2或图5中上下的方向为显示装置10的高度方向,显示装置10的观看区位于显示装置10的正前方,且显示装置10的观看区 与显示装置10在宽度方向上的中心相对。
显示装置10的横向可以认为是与观看者的双眼连线平行的方向,显示装置10的纵向可以认为是与观看者的双眼连线垂直的方向,对于上述显示装置10,显示装置10的宽度方向平行于观看者的双眼之间的连线,也就是说,图2中左右的方向为显示装置10的横向,图2中上下的方向为显示装置10的纵向。
观看者Z与显示装置10的距离可以大于0m且小于500m,为了使观看者Z获得较佳的视角,观看者Z与显示装置10的距离可以优选为0.5m;此时,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z的视线集中在显示装置10沿其宽度方向的中部,即沿图5中的左右方向,观看者Z的视线集中在显示装置10的中部,此时,视场中心区A与显示装置10沿显示装置10的宽度方向的中部区域相对,视场中心区A的中心a与显示装置10的中心对应,非视场中心区B位于视场中心区A的两侧。
过图2中视场中心区A的中心a设定一条竖直线qA1,沿显示装置10的横向,由图2中竖直线qA1向显示装置10的左右两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,也就是说,沿显示装置10的横向,距离竖直线qA1越远,入射光经R光栅区33后发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角越大,入射光经G光栅区34后发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角越大,入射光经B光栅区35后发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角越大,与图6中曲线q1所示的沿显示装置10的横向、显示装置10的不同位置处发出的光需要朝向观看者Z偏折的角度相对应。
如图2、图5和图6所示,沿着图5中的左右方向,根据图6中q1曲线以及公式(1)可以得到R光栅区33的光栅周期的分布曲线,如图6中曲线q2所示,R光栅区33与竖直线qA1对应的区域的光栅周期最大,R光栅区33与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期较小,例如,R光栅区33与竖直线qA1对应的区域的光栅周期可以大于或等于50μm,R光栅区33与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期可以为0.8μm。
沿着图5中的左右方向,根据图6中q1曲线以及公式(1)可以得到G光栅区34的光栅周期的分布曲线,如图6中曲线q3所示,G光栅区34与竖直线qA1对应的区域的光栅周期最大,G光栅区34与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期较小,例如,G光栅区34与竖直线qA1对应的区域的光栅周期可以大于或等于50μm,G光栅区34与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期可以为0.7μm。
沿着图5中的左右方向,根据图6中q1曲线以及公式(1)可以得到B光栅区35的光栅周期的分布曲线,如图6中曲线q4所示,B光栅区35与竖直线qA1对应的区域的光栅周期最大,B光栅区35与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期较小,例如,B光栅区35与竖直线qA1对应的区域的光栅周期可以大于或等于50μm,B光栅区35与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期可以为0.5μm。
在光栅层30的设置方式一中,通过分别对R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期分别进行设定,实现对经R像素24获得的红光、经G像素25获得的绿光和经B像素26获得的蓝光分别进行调节和控制,使由显示装置10的各位置处发出的红光、绿光和蓝光均沿显示装置10的横向朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10上与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线偏折,从而改善显示装置10显示的临场效果和观看者Z的沉浸感,改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
在光栅层30的设置方式一中,沿显示装置10的横向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,因此,光栅层30的设置方式一可以实现沿显示装置10的横向对显示装置10的出光方向进行调节,从而改善沿显示装置10的横向观看者Z的观看体验。
光栅层30的设置方式二,请参阅图1、图2、图3、图7和图8,显示装置10具有视场中心区A和非视场中心区B,视场中心区A位于显示装置10的中部区域,且视场中心区A的中心a与显示装置10的中心对应,沿显示装置10的纵向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
具体地,以尺寸为60寸的显示装置10为例进行详细说明,显示装置10的宽为132.83cm,显示装置10的高为74.72cm,例如,如图2和图7所示,图2和图7中左右的方向为显示装置10的宽度方向,图2和图7中上下的方向为显示装置10的高度方向,显示装置10的观看区位于显示装置10的正前方,且显示装置10的观看区与显示装置10在宽度方向上的中心相对。
显示装置10的横向可以认为是与观看者的双眼连线平行的方向,显示装置10的纵向可以认为是与观看者的双眼连线垂直的方向,对于上述显示装置10,显示装置10的宽度方向平行于观看者的双眼之间的连线,也就是说,图2中左右的方向为显示装置10的横向,图2中上下的方向为显示装置10的纵向。
观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z与显示装置10的距离可以大于0m且小于500m,为了使观看者Z获得较佳的视角,观看者Z与显示装置10的距离可以优选为0.5m;此时,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z的视线集中在显示装置10沿其宽度方向的中部,即沿图7中的左右方向,观看者Z的视线集中在显示装置10的中部,此时,视场中心区A与显示装置10沿其宽度方向的中部区域相对,视场中心区A的中心a与显示装置10的中心对应,非视场中心区B位于视场中心区A的两侧。
过图2中视场中心区A的中心a设定一条横向线qA2,沿显示装置10的纵向, 由图2中横向线qA2向显示装置10的左右两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,也就是说,沿显示装置10的纵向,距离横向线qA2越远,入射光经R光栅区33后发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角越大,入射光经G光栅区34后发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角越大,入射光经B光栅区35后发生衍射获得的1级衍射的衍射角越大,与图8中曲线q5所示的沿显示装置10的纵向、显示装置10的不同位置处发出的光需要朝向观看者Z偏折的角度相对应。
如图2、图7和图8所示,沿着图7中的左右方向,根据图8中q5曲线以及公式(1)可以得到R光栅区33的光栅周期的分布曲线,如图8中曲线q6所示,R光栅区33与横向线qA2对应的区域的光栅周期最大,R光栅区33与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期较小,例如,R光栅区33与横向线qA2对应的区域的光栅周期可以大于或等于50μm,R光栅区33与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期可以为1.2μm。
沿着图7中的左右方向,根据图8中q5曲线以及公式(1)可以得到G光栅区34的光栅周期的分布曲线,如图8中曲线q7所示,G光栅区34与横向线qA2对应的区域的光栅周期最大,G光栅区34与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期较小,例如,G光栅区34与横向线qA2对应的区域的光栅周期可以大于或等于50μm,G光栅区34与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期可以为1μm。
沿着图7中的左右方向,根据图8中q5曲线以及公式(1)可以得到B光栅区35的光栅周期的分布曲线,如图8中曲线q8所示,B光栅区35与横向线qA2对应的区域的光栅周期最大,B光栅区35与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期较小,例如,B光栅区35与横向线qA2对应的区域的光栅周期可以大于或等于50μm,B光栅区35与显示装置10的两侧对应的区域的光栅周期可以为0.8μm。
在光栅层30的设置方式二中,通过分别对R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期分别进行设定,实现对经R像素24获得的红光、经G像素25获得的绿光和经B像素26获得的蓝光分别进行调节和控制,使由显示装置10的各位置处发出的红光、绿光和蓝光均沿显示装置10的纵向朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10上与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线偏折,从而改善显示装置10显示的临场效果和观看者Z的沉浸感,改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
在光栅层30的设置方式二中,沿显示装置10的纵向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小,因此,光栅层30的设置方式二可以实现沿显示装置10的纵向对显示装置10的出光方向进行调节,从而改善沿显示装置10的纵向观看者Z 的观看体验。
光栅层30的设置方式一提供的显示装置10可以改善沿显示装置10的横向观看者Z的观看体验,光栅层30的设置方式二中提供的显示装置10可以改善沿显示装置10的纵向观看者Z的观看体验,在实际应用中,还可以同时改善沿显示装置10的横向和纵向观看者Z的观看体验。
光栅层30的设置方式三,请参阅图1、图2和图9,显示装置10具有视场中心区A和非视场中心区B,视场中心区A位于显示装置10的中部区域,且视场中心区A的中心与显示装置10的中心对应,沿着显示装置10的纵向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小;沿着显示装置10的横向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
具体地,以尺寸为60寸的显示装置10为例进行详细说明,显示装置10的宽为132.83cm,显示装置10的高为74.72cm,例如,如图2和图9所示,图2和图9中左右的方向为显示装置10的宽度方向,图2和图9中上下的方向为显示装置10的高度方向,显示装置10的观看区位于显示装置10的正前方,且显示装置10的观看区与显示装置10在宽度方向上的中心相对。
显示装置10的横向可以认为是与观看者的双眼连线平行的方向,显示装置10的纵向可以认为是与观看者的双眼连线垂直的方向,对于上述显示装置10,显示装置10的宽度方向平行于观看者的双眼之间的连线,也就是说,图2中左右的方向为显示装置10的横向,图2中上下的方向为显示装置10的纵向。
观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z与显示装置10的距离可以大于0m且小于500m,为了使观看者Z获得较佳的视角,观看者Z与显示装置10的距离可以优选为0.5m;此时,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z的视线集中在显示装置10中部区域,视场中心区A与显示装置10的中部区域相对,非视场中心区B位于视场中心区A的四周。
光栅层30的设置方式三中,沿着显示装置10的纵向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小;沿着显示装置10的横向,由显示装置10的中心向显示装置10的两侧,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期均逐渐减小。因此,沿显示装置10的横向,由显示装置10的两侧发出的红光、绿光和蓝光分别朝向观看者的视线偏折,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10上与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线偏折,改善沿显示装置10的横向观看者Z的观看体验;沿显示装置10的纵向,由显示装置10的两侧发出的红光、绿光和蓝光分别朝向观看者的视线偏折,并沿观看者Z的位置、 虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10上与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线偏折,改善沿显示装置10的纵向观看者Z的观看体验。也就是说,在方式三提供的显示装置10中,R光栅区33的光栅周期、G光栅区34的光栅周期和B光栅区35的光栅周期分别沿显示装置10的横向和纵向变化,可以同时改善沿显示装置10的横向和纵向观看者Z的观看体验。
值得一提的是,在光栅层30的设置方式三中,光栅层30可以包括满足沿显示装置10的横向设置的横向光栅和满足沿显示装置10的纵向设置的纵向光栅,横向光栅和纵向光栅可以同层设置,或者,将光栅层30分为横向层和纵向层,横向光栅位于横向层,纵向光栅位于纵向层。
在上述实施例中,显示面板20包括多个R像素、多个G像素和多个B像素,其中多个R像素、多个G像素和多个B像素的排列方式可以为多种,即显示面板20内,像素的排列方式可以为多种,例如:
像素的排列方式一,请参阅图10,沿显示装置10的横向,显示装置10包括多个R像素列、多个G像素列和多个B像素列,R像素列、G像素列和B像素列相间排列,R像素列由沿显示装置10的纵向排列的多个R像素24形成,G像素列由沿显示装置10的纵向排列的多个G像素25形成,B像素列由沿显示装置10的纵向排列的多个B像素26形成。
具体地,如图10所示,图10中的左右方向为显示装置10的横向,图10中的上下方向为显示装置10的纵向,多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26呈阵列排列,即多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26构成像素阵列,像素阵列包括沿显示装置10的横向延伸的多个像素行和沿显示装置10的纵向延伸的多个像素列,每一像素行包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,且R像素24、G像素25和B像素26相间排布,例如,可以是R像素24、G像素25和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、R像素24和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、B像素26和R像素24依次排布,等等,在此不作限定;每一像素列包括G像素25、B像素26和R像素24中的一种,形成R像素列、G像素列和B像素列。
当显示面板20中的像素采用像素的排列方式一时,光栅层30采用上述光栅层30的设置方式一时,可以采用如下方式:请继续参阅图5,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,光栅凸起31为条状光栅凸起,光栅凸起31沿着显示装置10的纵向延伸,多个光栅凸起31沿显示装置10的横向平行排布。具体地,图5中的左右方向为显示装置10的横向,图5中的上下方向为显示装置10的纵向,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,两个相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间具有缝隙32,光栅凸起31包括:与R像素24对应的R光栅凸起,与G像素25对应的G光栅凸起,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅凸起;光栅凸起31为条状光栅凸起,且光栅凸起31沿着显示装置10的纵 向延伸,也就是说,R光栅凸起、G光栅凸起和B光栅凸起均为条状光栅凸起,R光栅凸起与R像素列的延伸方向平行,G光栅凸起与G像素列的延伸方向平行,B光栅凸起与B像素列的延伸方向平行。
像素的排列方式二,请继续参阅图11,沿显示装置10的纵向,显示装置10包括多个R像素行、多个G像素行和多个B像素行,R像素行、G像素行和B像素行相间排列,R像素行由沿显示装置10的横向排列的多个R像素24形成,G像素行由沿显示装置10的横向排列的多个G像素25形成,B像素行由沿显示装置10的横向排列的多个B像素26形成。
具体地,如图11所示,图11中的左右方向为显示装置10的横向,图11中的上下方向为显示装置10的纵向,多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26呈阵列排列,即多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26构成像素阵列,像素阵列包括沿显示装置10的横向延伸的多个像素行和沿显示装置10的纵向延伸的多个像素列,每一像素列包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,且R像素24、G像素25和B像素26相间排布,例如,可以是R像素24、G像素25和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、R像素24和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、B像素26和R像素24依次排布,等等,在此不作限定;每一像素行包括G像素25、B像素26和R像素24中的一种,形成R像素行、G像素行和B像素行。
当显示面板20中的像素采用像素的排列方式二时,光栅层30采用上述光栅层30的设置方式二时,可以采用如下方式:请继续参阅图7,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,光栅凸起31为条状光栅凸起,光栅凸起31沿着显示装置10的横向延伸,多个光栅凸起31沿显示装置10的纵向平行排布。具体地,图7中的左右方向为显示装置10的横向,图7中的上下方向为显示装置10的纵向,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,两个相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间具有缝隙32,光栅凸起31包括:与R像素24对应的R光栅凸起,与G像素25对应的G光栅凸起,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅凸起;光栅凸起31为条状光栅凸起,且光栅凸起31沿着显示装置10的横向延伸,也就是说,R光栅凸起、G光栅凸起和B光栅凸起均为条状光栅凸起,R光栅凸起与R像素列的延伸方向平行,G光栅凸起与G像素列的延伸方向平行,B光栅凸起与B像素列的延伸方向平行。
像素的排列方式三,请参阅图12,沿显示装置10的横向,R像素24、G像素25和B像素26相间排列;沿显示装置10的纵向,R像素24、G像素25和B像素26相间排列。
具体地,如图12所示,图12中的左右方向为显示装置10的横向,图12中的上下方向为显示装置10的纵向,多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26呈阵列排列,即多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26构成像素阵列,像素 阵列包括沿显示装置10的横向延伸的多个像素行和沿显示装置10的纵向延伸的多个像素列,每一像素行包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,且R像素24、G像素25和B像素26相间排布,例如,可以是R像素24、G像素25和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、R像素24和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、B像素26和R像素24依次排布,等等,在此不作限定;每一像素列包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,且R像素24、G像素25和B像素26相间排布,例如,可以是R像素24、G像素25和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、R像素24和B像素26依次排布,或者,可以是G像素25、B像素26和R像素24依次排布,等等,在此不作限定。
在上述实施例中,观看者Z位于显示装置10前的观看区内,并观看显示装置10所显示的画面时,观看者Z所观看到的画面就好像投射在显示装置10后的虚拟屏幕40上,其中,观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系可以是多种,例如:
观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系一,请参阅图13,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面,画面投射在显示装置10后的虚拟屏幕40上,虚拟屏幕40为曲面虚拟屏幕,虚拟屏幕40具有圆心,观看者Z位于虚拟屏幕40的圆心处。
观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系二,请参阅图14,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面,画面投射在显示装置10后的虚拟屏幕40上,虚拟屏幕40为曲面虚拟屏幕,虚拟屏幕40具有圆心,观看者Z位于虚拟屏幕40的圆心朝向虚拟屏幕40的一侧。
观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系三,请参阅图15,观看者Z观看显示装置10所显示的画面,画面投射在显示装置10后的虚拟屏幕40上,虚拟屏幕40为曲面虚拟屏幕,虚拟屏幕40具有圆心,显示装置10位于虚拟屏幕40的圆心远离虚拟屏幕40的一侧。
需要说明的是,在观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系一、观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系二和观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系三中,当观看者Z与显示装置10之间的距离不变时,对于同一尺寸的显示装置10,视场中心区A的位置相同时,显示装置10的各位置处的光栅周期可以采用相同的设定值。
值得一提的是,在实际应用中,上述实施例中,光栅层30的设置方式、像素的排列方式以及观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系可以任意进行组合,例如,可以采用光栅层30的设置方式一、像素的排列方式一和观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系一的组合方式,或者,可以采用光栅层30的设置方式一、像素的排列方式二和观看者Z、显示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系一的组合方式,或者,可以采用光栅层30的设置方式一、像素的排列方式二和观看者Z、显 示装置10和虚拟屏幕40的位置关系二的组合方式,等等,以适应显示装置10的不同的应用要求,实现显示装置10的不同的显示,例如,可以实现曲面虚拟显示、球面虚拟显示等。
在上述实施例中,通过对光栅层30各个区域的光栅周期进行设定,使R光栅区33的光栅周期沿视场中心区A的中心指向非视场中心区B的方向逐渐减小,使G光栅区34的光栅周期沿视场中心区A的中心指向非视场中心区B的方向逐渐减小,使B光栅区35的光栅周期沿视场中心区A的中心指向非视场中心区B的方向逐渐减小,以使由显示装置10的各位置处发出的红光、绿光和蓝光均朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,进而使由显示装置10的各位置处发出光均朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,并沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10上与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线偏折,从而改善显示装置10显示的临场效果和观看者Z的沉浸感,改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
当实际应用时,通常,显示装置10的视场中心区A所发出的光可以认为是直射向观看者Z的眼睛内,即由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光可以认为是入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后的0级衍射的光,显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出的光则需要偏折后才入射至观看者Z的眼睛内,即由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光可以认为是入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内发生衍射后的非0级衍射的光。因而,由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度可能会高于由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度。为了进一步改善显示装置10显示的临场效果和观看者Z的沉浸感,改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验,需要增加由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度,也就是说,对入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后的0级衍射的强度、入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内发生衍射后的非0级衍射的光的强度分别进行调节,使由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
本公开实施例提供的显示装置10中设置有光栅层30,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30处会发生衍射和干涉,入射光在光栅层30处发生衍射后获得的k级衍射会发生干涉相长或干涉相消的现象,且入射光在光栅层30处发生衍射后获得的k级衍射会发生干涉相长或干涉相消与光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度相关,因而,可以通过设定光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度,以使某级衍射发生干涉相长或干涉相消,进而调整k级衍射的强度,调整由显示装置10的各位置处发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度,使显示装置10的各位置处发出的光直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的 光线数量和强度相匹配,进一步改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
通常,当光栅层30的光栅周期和光栅占空比一定时,光栅层30的光栅凸起31的折射率为nG,相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32内的填充物的折射率为nS,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长为λ,当光栅层30的厚度h为
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000002
且m取半整数时,入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的0级衍射发生干涉相消,入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的1级衍射发生干涉相长,当光栅层30的厚度h为
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000003
且m取整数时,入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的0级衍射发生干涉相长,入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的1级衍射发生干涉相消。
例如,请参阅图16和图17,当光栅层30的光栅周期为3μm,光栅层30的光栅占空比为0.5,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的出光效率与光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度之间的关系图16所示,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的出光效率与光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度之间的关系如图17所示,由图16和图17可知,当m取整数时,例如m取1时,0级衍射发生干涉长,1级衍射发生干涉相消,当m取半整数时,例如m取
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000004
时,0级衍射发生干涉相消,1级衍射发生干涉相长。
也就是说,由显示装置10各位置处发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度有关,且根据上述结论,可以通过对光栅层30各个区域的的光栅凸起31的厚度进行设定,以调节显示装置10的各位置处0级衍射和非0级衍射的强度,进而调节由显示装置10的各位置处发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度,例如,使入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内衍射后获得的非0级衍射发生干涉相长,使入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内衍射后获得的0级衍射发生干涉相消,使由显示装置10的各位置处发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
在本公开实施例中,以对入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的0级衍射和1级衍射分别进行控制为例进行说明,对于观看者Z来说,由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出的光可以认为是直射入观看者Z的眼睛内,而由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出的光则需要经过偏折后才能直射向观看者Z的眼睛内,因此,在显示装置10的视场中心区A内,则主要对入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的0级衍射进行控制,而在显示装置10的非视场中心区B内,则主要对入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的1级衍射进行控制。
具体地,通常,可以假定入射至光栅层30的入射光为垂直于光栅层30入射,即 入射至光栅层30的入射光为准直入射,入射至光栅层30的入射光的入射角θ0为0°,例如,显示装置10为液晶显示装置时,显示装置10包括显示面板20和背光源,背光源为显示面板20提供面光源,面光源入射至显示面板20中时,通常为垂直于显示面板20入射,光栅层30设置于显示面板20的内部或外部时,面光源也垂直于光栅层30入射。
光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,其中,位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hB满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000005
其中,nGB为位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的折射率,nSB为位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内、相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32内的填充物的折射率,λ为入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长,mB为第二常数,第二常数mB满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000006
j=0,1,2,3,4...。
当位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hB满足公式(2)时,入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射发生干涉相长,,增加了入射光在与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的R光栅区33发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度,增加了入射光在与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的G光栅区34发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度,增加了入射光在与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的B光栅区35发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度,从而增加了入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度,使由显示装置10的各位置处发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配,减小观看者Z所观看到的画面的亮度差,改善观看者Z所观看到的画面的亮度均匀性,进一步改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hA满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000007
其中,nGA为位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的折射率,nSA为位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内、相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32内的填充物的折射率,λ为入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长,mA为第一常数,第一常数mA满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000008
i=1,2,3,4...。
在公式(3)中,第一常数mA满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000009
i=1,2,3,4...,即第一常数mA不取半整数,此时,入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射发生干涉相消,而入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内 发生衍射后获得的0级衍射不发生干涉相消,也就是说,位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hB满足公式(2)时,可以通过调节入射光在与视场中心区A对应的R光栅区33内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的光的强度,调节入射光在与视场中心区A对应的G光栅区34内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的光的强度,调节入射光在与视场中心区A对应的B光栅区35内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的光的强度,以调节由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛的光的强度,改善观看者Z所观看到的画面的亮度均匀性,进而改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
上述实施例中,第一常数mA的取值可以为整数,也可以为非整数,第一常数mA可以根据实际需求进行取值,例如,入射光在光栅层30对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在光栅层30对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较小时,第一常数mA可以取整数,入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射发生干涉相长,此时,入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的光的强度达到最大,或者,第一常数mA可以取非整数,且第一常数mA的取值靠近整数,例如,当i取1时,且0.5<mA<1时,第一常数mA的取值可以为0.85、0.9或者0.95等;当i取1时,且1<mA<1.5时,第一常数mA的取值可以为1.05、1.1或者1.15等。
入射光在光栅层30对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在光栅层30对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较大时,第一常数mA可以不取整数,且第一常数mA的取值优选接近半整数,即第一常数mA的取值满足:
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000010
i=1,2,3,4...,或者,
Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-000011
i=1,2,3,4...,例如,当i取1时,且0.5<mA<1时,第一常数mA的取值可以为0.55、0.58或者0.6等;当i取1时,且1<mA<1.5时,第一常数mA的取值可以为1.4、1.43或者1.46等。
通过对第一常数mA的取值进行设定,使入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射不会发生完全的干涉相长,从而使由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A的区域发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
在上述实施例中,显示面板20包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,光栅层30包括:与R像素24对应的R光栅区33,与G像素25对应的G光栅区34,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅区35。设定位于R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为红光 的波长,红光的波长为630nm;设定位于G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为绿光的波长,绿光的波长为550nm;设定位于B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为蓝光的波长,蓝光的波长为430nm。
在上述实施例中,nGA与nSA之间具有差值,且nGA与nSA的大小可以根据实际应用进行设定,例如,nGA与nSA的关系可以满足:nGA<nSA,或者,nGA>nSA。在本公开实施例中,nGA与nSA的关系满足:nGA>nSA,例如,nGA=1.5,nSA=1,也就是说,形成位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内光栅凸起31的材料的折射率为1.5,位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内、相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32内的填充物的折射率为1,当光栅层30位于显示面板20的外部时,位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内、相邻的两个光栅凸起31内的填充物可以为空气。
在上述实施例中,nGB与nSB之间具有差值,且nGB与nSB的大小可以根据实际应用进行设定,例如,nGB与nSB的关系可以满足:nGB<nSB,或者,nGB>nSB。在本公开实施例中,nGB与nSB的关系满足:nGB>nSB,例如,nGB=1.5,nSB=1,也就是说,形成位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的材料的折射率为1.5,位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内、相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32内的填充物的折射率为1,当光栅层30位于显示面板20的外部时,位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内、相邻的两个光栅凸起31内的填充物可以为空气。
在公式(2)中,当nGB、nSB和λ的值确定后,第二常数mB的取值越大,位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hB也越大,由于制作较厚的光栅凸起31时,通常需要花费较多的工艺和时间,导致显示装置10的制备成本较高,且不利于显示装置10的薄型化设计。因此,为了降低显示装置10的制备成本,且便于显示装置10的薄型化设计,在本公开实施例中,第二常数mB满足:mB=0.5,以减小位于与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hB,从而降低显示装置10的制备成本,并便于显示装置10的薄型化设计。
在公式(3)中,当nGA、nSA和λ的值确定后,第一常数mA的取值越大,位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hA也越大,由于制作较厚的光栅凸起31时,通常需要花费较多的工艺和时间,导致显示装置10的制备成本较高,且不利于显示装置10的薄型化设计。因此,为了降低显示装置10的制备成本,且便于显示装置10的薄型化设计,在本公开实施例中,第一常数mA满足:0.5<mA<1.5,且第一常数mA优选满足:0.5<mA≤1,以减小位于与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hA,从而降低显示装置10的制备成本,并便于显示装置10的薄型化设计。
在上述实施例中,显示装置10包括多个R像素24、多个G像素25和多个B像素26,光栅层30包括:与R像素24对应的R光栅区33,与G像素25对应的G光 栅区34,以及与B像素26对应的B光栅区35。
设定位于R光栅区33与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为红光的波长,红光的波长为630nm,根据公式(2),当第二常数mB为0.5时,R光栅区33与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hBR为630nm;设定位于G光栅区34与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为绿光的波长,绿光的波长为550nm,根据公式(2),当第二常数mB为0.5时,G光栅区34与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hBG为630nm;设定位于B光栅区35与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为蓝光的波长,蓝光的波长为430nm,根据公式(2),当第二常数mB为0.5时,B光栅区33与非视场中心区B对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hBB为430nm。
设定位于R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为红光的波长,红光的波长为630nm,根据公式(3),当第一常数mA满足:0.5<mA<1.5时,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR满足:315nm<hAR<945nm。在实际应用中,入射光在R光栅区33对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在R光栅区33对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较小时,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR可以取630nm,或者,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR的取值接近630nm,例如,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR可以为550nm、580nm、600nm、650nm或680nm等;入射光在R光栅区33对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在R光栅区33对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较大时,优选地,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR接近315nm,例如,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR可以为330nm、370nm或400nm等,或者,R光栅区33与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR接近945nm,例如,视场中心区内R光栅区33的光栅凸起31的厚度hAR可以为850nm、900nm或930nm等。
设定位于G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为绿光的波长,绿光的波长为550nm,据公式(3),当第一常数mA满足:0.5<mA<1.5时,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG满足:275nm<hAG<825nm。在实际应用中,入射光在G光栅区34对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在G光栅区34对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较小时,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG可以取 550nm,或者,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG的取值接近550nm,例如,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG可以为500nm、530nm、580nm或者600nm等;入射光在G光栅区34对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在G光栅区34对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较大时,优选地,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG接近275nm,例如,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG可以为300nm、320nm或350nm等,或者,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG接近825nm,例如,G光栅区34与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAG可以为800nm、760nm或730nm等。
设定位于B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度时,入射至光栅层30的入射光的波长λ为蓝光的波长,蓝光的波长为430nm,据公式(3),当第一常数mA满足:0.5<mA<1.5时,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB满足:215nm<hAB<645nm。在实际应用中,入射光在B光栅区35对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在B光栅区35对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较小时,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB可以取430nm,或者,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB的取值接近430nm,例如,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB可以为350nm、380nm、480nm或者500nm等;入射光在B光栅区35对应于视场中心区A的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度与入射光在B光栅区35对应于非视场中心区B的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度相差较大时,优选地,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB接近215nm,例如,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB可以为250nm、280nm或300nm等,或者,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB接近645nm,例如,B光栅区35与视场中心区A对应的区域内的光栅凸起31的厚度hAB可以为620nm、600nm或550nm等。
在实际应用中,请参阅图18和图19,当光栅层30的光栅周期为3μm,光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度为500nm时,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的出光效率与光栅占空比之间的关系图18所示,入射至光栅层30的入射光在光栅层30发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的出光效率与光栅占空比之间的关系如图19所示,由图18可知,对于0级衍射来说,光栅占空比为0.5时,0级衍射的强度最小,且光栅占空比小于0.5时,0级衍射的强度随着光栅占空比的增大而减小,光栅占空比大于0.5时,0级衍射的强度随着光栅占空比的增大而增大;由图19可知,对于1级衍射来说,光栅占空比为0.5时,1级衍射的强度最大,且光栅占 空比小于0.5时,1级衍射的强度随着光栅占空比的增大而增大,光栅占空比大于0.5时,1级衍射的强度随着光栅占空比的增大而减小。
也就是说,由显示装置10的各位置处发出的光的强度还与光栅层30的光栅占空比有关,且根据上述结论,可以通过对光栅层30的光栅占空比进行设定,以增加入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域发生衍射后获得的非0级衍射的强度,进而增加由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度,并在必要时,适当降低入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度,进而适当降低由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度,从而进一步使由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
具体地,与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcA满足:0.2≤dcA≤0.8;与非视场中心区B对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcB为0.5。具体实施时,与视场中心区A对应的区域内,R光栅区33的光栅占空比、G光栅区34的光栅占空比、B光栅区35的光栅占空比均位于0到1之间,与非视场中心区B对应的区域内,R光栅区33的光栅占空比、G光栅区34的光栅占空比、B光栅区35的光栅占空比均为0.5。
在本公开实施例中,与光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcB设定为0.5,因而与非视场中心区B对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅周期和光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度一定时,入射光在光栅层30与非视场中心区B对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的1级衍射的强度最大,使得由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光具有较高的强度,从而可以使由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
在本公开实施例中,与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcA满足:0.2≤dcA≤0.8,在实际应用中,与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcA的取值可以根据实际需要进行设定,例如,由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相差较大时,则可以使与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcA的取值为0.5,此时,与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅周期和光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度一定时,入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度最小,因而可以适当降低入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度,从而可以使由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的 眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相差较小时,则可以使与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcA满足:0.2≤dcA<0.5,或者,0.5<dcA≤0.8,例如,光栅层30的光栅占空比dcA的取值可以为0.2、0.3、0.4、0.6、0.7或0.8,此时,与视场中心区A对应的区域内,光栅层30的光栅周期和光栅层30的光栅凸起31的厚度一定时,入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度不处于最小,且入射光在光栅层30与视场中心区A对应的区域内发生衍射后获得的0级衍射的强度也不处于最大,因而可以使由显示装置10的非视场中心区B发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度与由显示装置10的视场中心区A发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的强度相匹配。
上述实施例中,光栅凸起31可以为透明光栅凸起,也可以为非透明光栅凸起,且光栅凸起31的材料可以有多种选择。在本公开实施例中,光栅凸起31为透明光栅凸起,且光栅凸起31为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯光栅凸起。
请参阅图20至图25,光栅凸起31的截面形状为台阶形、梯形或者三角形。
例如,请参阅图20和图21,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间具有缝隙32,光栅凸起31被垂直于相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32的延伸方向的平面截断后,获得的光栅凸起31的截面形状为台阶形。在实际应用中,如图21所示,可以是光栅凸起31的截面的其中一侧为台阶形,或者,如图20所示,也可以是光栅凸起31的截面的两侧均为台阶形,且当光栅凸起31的截面的两侧均为台阶形时,光栅凸起31的截面的两侧的台阶形可以相对光栅凸起31的截面上垂直于光栅凸起31的入光面的中线对称,光栅凸起31的截面的两侧的台阶形可以相对光栅凸起31的截面上垂直于光栅凸起31的入光面的中线不对称。
请参阅图22和图23,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间具有缝隙32,光栅凸起31被垂直于相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32的延伸方向的平面截断后,获得的光栅凸起31的截面形状为三角形。在实际应用中,如图22所示,光栅凸起31的截面的两侧可以相对光栅凸起31的截面上垂直于光栅凸起31的入光面的中线对称,此时,光栅凸起31的截面形状为等腰三角形,或者,如图23所示,光栅凸起31的截面的两侧可以相对光栅凸起31的截面上垂直于光栅凸起31的入光面的中线不对称。
请参阅图24和图25,光栅层30包括多个光栅凸起31,相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间具有缝隙32,光栅凸起31被垂直于相邻的两个光栅凸起31之间的缝隙32的延伸方向的平面截断后,获得的光栅凸起31的截面形状为梯形。在实际应用中,如图24所示,光栅凸起31的截面的两侧可以相对光栅凸起31的截面上垂直于光栅凸起 31的入光面的中线对称,此时,光栅凸起31的截面形状为等腰梯形,或者,如图25所示,光栅凸起31的截面的两侧可以相对光栅凸起31的截面上垂直于光栅凸起31的入光面的中线不对称。
由于光栅凸起31的截面形状为台阶形、梯形或者三角形,因而每个光栅凸起31的出光面与该光栅凸起31的入光面不平行,当入射至光栅层30的入射光经光栅层30时,入射光在光栅层30发生多次衍射和多次干涉,增加了入射光在光栅层30衍射和干涉的效果,加强对显示装置10的各位置处的出光方向的调节能力,使得显示装置10的各位置处发出的光朝向观看者Z的视线偏折,且沿观看者Z的位置、虚拟屏幕40上的位置、显示装置10与虚拟屏幕40上的位置对应的位置所在的直线偏折,同时增加由显示装置10的各位置处发出、直射向观看者Z的眼睛内的光的光线数量和强度,以更好地对显示装置10内的光的传播进行控制,改善对显示装置10内的光的传播进行控制的控制效果,从而改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
值得一提的是,当光栅凸起31的截面的两侧相对光栅凸起31的截面的中线不对称时,当入射至光栅层30的入射光经光栅层30时,入射光在光栅层30发生衍射和干涉,获得的k级衍射的衍射角和强度相对0级衍射不对称,通过使光栅凸起31的截面的两侧相对光栅凸起31的截面的中线不对称,使得背向观看者的视线出射的k级衍射干涉相消,而朝向观看者的视线出射的k级衍射干涉相长,进一步改善对显示装置10内的光的传播进行控制的控制效果,从而改善观看者Z的观看体验,给观看者Z带来更加真实、舒适的观看体验。
请参阅图3,显示面板20包括彩膜层23,光栅层30位于彩膜层23的出光侧或彩膜层23的入光侧。例如,如图3所示,显示面板20包括第一基板21、第二基板22和彩膜层23,第一基板21与第二基板22相对设置,彩膜层23位于第一基板21和第二基板22之间;图3中向下的方向为显示面板20的出光方向,图3中彩膜层23的上侧为彩膜层23的入光侧,图3中彩膜层23的下侧为彩膜层23的出光侧;光栅层30可以位于彩膜层23的出光侧,例如,光栅层30可以位于彩膜层23与第二基板22之间,或者,光栅层30可以位于第二基板22背向彩膜层23的侧面上;或者,光栅层30可以位于彩膜层23的入光侧,例如,光栅层30可以位于彩膜层23与第一基板22之间,或者,光栅层30可以位于第一基板21背向彩膜层23的侧面上。
请继续参阅图3,在本公开实施例中,光栅层30位于彩膜层23的出光侧,且光栅层30与彩膜层23接触。具体地,如图3所示,显示面板20包括第一基板21、第二基板22和彩膜层23,第一基板21与第二基板22相对设置,彩膜层23位于第一基板21和第二基板22之间;光栅层30位于彩膜层23与第二基板22之间,且光栅层30与彩膜层23接触。如此设计,入射至光栅层30的入射光为彩膜层23的出射光,由于光栅层30与彩膜层23接触,因而彩膜层23的出射光入射至光栅层30之前不会 发生混光,因而可以防止因彩膜层23的出射光发生混光而导致光栅层30对显示装置10内的光的传播的控制效果降低。
上述实施例中,光栅层30可以设置在显示面板20的外部,例如,显示装置10为液晶显示装置,显示装置10包括背光源和位于背光源的出光侧的显示面板20,背光源为显示面板20提供面光源;光栅层30可以设置在背光源的出光侧,且光栅层30与背光源接触,背光源提供的面光源经光栅层30后入射至显示面板20中。
当制备上述实施例提供的显示装置10时,光栅层30的制备方法可以有多种,例如,光栅层30可以采用纳米压印工艺或激光干涉工艺制备。
在上述实施方式的描述中,具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述,仅为本公开的具体实施方式,但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此,本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种显示装置,其中,包括:显示面板,以及设置在所述显示面板的内部或所述显示面板的外部的光栅层,其中,所述显示面板包括多个R像素、多个G像素和多个B像素,所述光栅层包括:与所述R像素对应的R光栅区,与所述G像素对应的G光栅区,以及与所述B像素对应的B光栅区;
    沿所述显示装置的视场中心区的中心指向所述显示装置的非视场中心区的方向,所述R光栅区的光栅周期、所述G光栅区的光栅周期和所述B光栅区的光栅周期均逐渐减小,所述显示装置对应于所述R像素的位置发出的光、所述显示装置对应于所述G像素的位置发出的光以及所述显示装置对应于所述B像素的位置发出的光分别沿所述R像素的位置与观看者所成的直线、所述G像素的位置与观看者所成的直线、所述B像素的位置与观看者所成的直线发出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中,所述视场中心区的中心与所述显示装置的中心对应,沿所述显示装置的横向,由所述显示装置的中心向所述显示装置的两侧,所述R光栅区的光栅周期、所述G光栅区的光栅周期和所述B光栅区的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中,所述视场中心区的中心与所述显示装置的中心对应,沿所述显示装置的纵向,由所述显示装置的中心向所述显示装置的两侧,所述R光栅区的光栅周期、所述G光栅区的光栅周期和所述B光栅区的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中,所述视场中心区的中心与所述显示装置的中心对应,沿着所述显示装置的纵向,由所述显示装置的中心向所述显示装置的两侧,所述R光栅区的光栅周期、所述G光栅区的光栅周期和所述B光栅区的光栅周期均逐渐减小;沿着所述显示装置的横向,由所述显示装置的中心向所述显示装置的两侧,所述R光栅区的光栅周期、所述G光栅区的光栅周期和所述B光栅区的光栅周期均逐渐减小。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中,沿所述显示装置的横向,所述显示装置包括多个R像素列、多个G像素列和多个B像素列,所述R像素列、所述G像素列和所述B像素列相间排列,所述R像素列由沿所述显示装置的纵向排列的多个所述R像素形成,所述G像素列由沿所述显示装置的纵向排列的多个所述G像素形成,所述B像素列由沿所述显示装置的纵向排列的多个所述B像素形成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中,沿所述显示装置的纵向,所述显示装置包括多个R像素行、多个G像素行和多个B像素行,所述R像素行、所述G像素行和所述B像素行相间排列,所述R像素行由沿所述显示装置的横向排列的多个所述R像素形成,所述G像素行由沿所述显示装置的横向排列的多个所述G像素形成,所述B像素行由沿所述显示装置的横向排列的多个所述B像素形成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中,沿所述显示装置的横向,所述R像素、所述G像素和所述B像素相间排列;和/或沿所述显示装置的纵向,所述R像素、所述G像素 和所述B像素相间排列。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述光栅层包括多个光栅凸起,所述光栅凸起为条状光栅凸起,所述光栅凸起沿着所述显示装置的纵向延伸,多个所述光栅凸起沿所述显示装置的横向平行排布。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述光栅层包括多个光栅凸起,所述光栅凸起为条状光栅凸起,所述光栅凸起沿着所述显示装置的横向延伸,多个所述光栅凸起沿所述显示装置的纵向平行排布。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述观看者观看所述显示装置所显示的画面,所述画面投射在所述显示装置后的虚拟屏幕上,所述虚拟屏幕为曲面虚拟屏幕,所述虚拟屏幕具有圆心,所述观看者位于所述虚拟屏幕的圆心处。
  11. 根据权利要求1至9中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述观看者观看所述显示装置所显示的画面,所述画面投射在所述显示装置后的虚拟屏幕上,所述虚拟屏幕为曲面虚拟屏幕,所述虚拟屏幕具有圆心,所述观看者位于所述虚拟屏幕的圆心靠近所述虚拟屏幕的一侧。
  12. 根据权利要求1至9中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述观看者观看所述显示装置所显示的画面,所述画面投射在所述显示装置后的虚拟屏幕上,所述虚拟屏幕为曲面虚拟屏幕,所述虚拟屏幕具有圆心,所述显示装置位于所述虚拟屏幕的圆心远离所述虚拟屏幕的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述光栅层包括多个光栅凸起,其中,位于与所述视场中心区对应的区域内的所述光栅凸起的厚度hA满足:
    Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-100001
    其中,nGA为位于与所述视场中心区对应的区域内的所述光栅凸起的折射率,nSA为位于与所述视场中心区对应的区域内、相邻的两个所述光栅凸起之间的缝隙内的填充物的折射率,λ为入射至所述光栅层的入射光的波长,mA为第一常数,且所述第一常数mA满足:
    Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-100002
    位于与所述非视场中心区对应的区域内的所述光栅凸起的厚度hB满足:
    Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-100003
    其中,nGB为位于与所述非视场中心区对应的区域内的所述光栅凸起的折射率,nSB为位于与所述非视场中心区对应的区域内、相邻的两个所述光栅凸起之间的缝隙内的填充物的折射率,λ为入射至所述光栅层的入射光的波长,mB为第二常数,且所述第二常数mB满足:
    Figure PCTCN2017082387-appb-100004
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置,其中,nGA>nSA;nGB>nSB
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置,其中,nGA=nGB=1.5,nSA=nSB=1。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置,其中,0.5<mA<1.5;mB=0.5。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置,其中,与所述视场中心区对应的区域内,所述R光栅区的光栅凸起的厚度hAR满足:315nm<hAR<945nm,所述G光栅区的光栅凸起的厚度hAG满足:275nm<hAG<825nm,所述B光栅区的光栅凸起的厚度hAB满足:215nm<hAB<645nm;
    与所述非视场中心区对应的区域内,所述R光栅区内的光栅凸起的厚度hBR为630nm,所述G光栅区的光栅凸起的厚度hBG为550nm,所述B光栅区的光栅凸起的厚度hBB为430nm。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一所述的显示装置,其中,与所述视场中心区对应的区域内,所述光栅层的光栅占空比dcA满足:0.2≤dcA≤0.8;
    与所述非视场中心区对应的区域内,所述光栅层的光栅占空比dcB为0.5。
  19. 根据权利要求1至17中任一所述的显示装置,其中,入射至所述光栅层的入射光的入射角为0°。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所示光栅层的光栅凸起为透明光栅凸起。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的显示装置,其中,所述光栅层的光栅凸起为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯光栅凸起。
  22. 根据权利要求1至21中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述光栅层的光栅凸起的截面形状为台阶形、梯形或者三角形。
  23. 根据权利要求1至22中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述显示面板包括彩膜层,所述光栅层位于所述彩膜层的出光侧,且所述光栅层与所述彩膜层接触。
  24. 根据权利要求1至23中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述显示装置还包括背光源,所述背光源位于所述显示面板的入光侧;所述光栅层位于所述背光源的出光侧,且所述光栅层与所述背光源接触。
  25. 根据权利要求1至24中任一所述的显示装置,其中,所述光栅层采用纳米压印工艺或激光干涉工艺制备。
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CN105929587A (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-09-07 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置
CN205722621U (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-23 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置
CN205750203U (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-30 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置

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US11327336B2 (en) 2017-03-17 2022-05-10 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Panel with virtual curved display surface and display device

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US10267961B2 (en) 2019-04-23
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