WO2017219493A1 - 一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质及其栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质及其栽培方法 Download PDF

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WO2017219493A1
WO2017219493A1 PCT/CN2016/097335 CN2016097335W WO2017219493A1 WO 2017219493 A1 WO2017219493 A1 WO 2017219493A1 CN 2016097335 W CN2016097335 W CN 2016097335W WO 2017219493 A1 WO2017219493 A1 WO 2017219493A1
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substrate
culture substrate
indian
leafless
carbonized rice
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PCT/CN2016/097335
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许丽珍
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广东森维绿联科技有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • the invention relates to a plant substrate, in particular to a leafless plant soilless culture substrate and a cultivation method thereof.
  • Soilless cultivation refers to the method of crop cultivation and seedling cultivation without using natural soil, and is mainly applied to the production of melons, fruits and vegetables or flowers and seedlings. It is a high-yield and high-quality advanced cultivation technology that saves water, saves fertilizer and saves labor.
  • Matrix cultivation is one of the most popular ways to promote soilless cultivation. It is to fix the root system of the crop in an organic or inorganic matrix and supply the nutrient solution to the crop by drip irrigation or trickle irrigation. At present, most countries in the world use gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sawdust and the like as fixed substrates.
  • Soilless culture substrate is the key to ensure the quality of seedlings.
  • High-quality substrate can provide plants with good ventilation environment, suitable water holding capacity, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials.
  • soilless cultivation techniques With the popularization and application of soilless cultivation techniques, the demand for substrates is increasing, and enterprises specialized in matrix production have emerged as the times require, and the types of substrates are becoming more and more abundant, gradually showing the development trend of segmentation and specialization.
  • the most widely used soilless culture substrates in horticultural production are nutrient soil, vermiculite, perlite, peat and water.
  • the ideal cultivation substrates in the world are peat and rock wool. However, peat and rock wool are a non-renewable resource.
  • the mixed matrix is prepared by mixing materials with different properties, structures and properties, and the coordination between moisture and fertilizer is better than singleness.
  • the selection and ratio of the matrix materials of the mixed matrix are different, which affects the overall performance of the mixed matrix, so that the effects of different mixed substrates on plant seedling cultivation and cultivation are also different.
  • the leafy substrate has a complicated mixing ratio, poor physical and chemical properties, poor permeability, and weak water and fertilizer retention capacity.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a leafless soilless culture substrate and a cultivation method thereof according to the above problems, the matrix ratio is proper, the cost is low, and the air porosity, water holding capacity, total porosity, small bulk density and the like are satisfied. It has the effects of good physical and chemical properties, good permeability and good fertilizer retention ability. It is very suitable for seedling cultivation and cultivation of leafy vegetables, and provides a simple A simple cultivation method for leafless soilless substrates.
  • Coco peat is an agricultural by-product obtained by crushing the outer shell fiber of coconut, which has the characteristics of being compressible, water-retaining and recyclable.
  • the cockroach dung is the excrement produced by the digestion of organic matter, the nutrient composition is homogeneous, the porosity is high, and the water holding capacity is large.
  • the current price is more expensive than the coco peat.
  • Carbonized rice husk is an organic matter of rice husk after heating and carbonization. It has small bulk density, good aeration and water retention, and is rich in potassium. Rice husk has the characteristics of good ventilation and light weight. The above raw materials are environmentally friendly and readily available.
  • a leafless vegetable soilless culture substrate comprising the following ratio by volume ratio: 40% - 52% Indian coco peat, 22% - 31% cocoon, 17% - 38% carbonized rice husk;
  • the matrix pH is 5.8-7.1
  • the conductivity is 600-1300 ⁇ s/cm
  • the water holding capacity is 40%-50%
  • the air porosity is 14%-16%
  • the total porosity is 60%-70%
  • the bulk density is 0.34-0.42. g/cm 3 .
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 40% Indian copra, 30% sputum, 30% carbonized husk.
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 52% Indian copra, 31% antimony, and 17% carbonized rice husk.
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 56% Indian copra, 26% antimony, and 18% carbonized rice husk.
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 43% Indian copra, 28% antimony, and 29% carbonized rice husk.
  • the substrate has a pH of 5.8-6.1, an electric conductivity of 1100-1230 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 45%-48%, an air porosity of 14.56%-15.32%, and a total porosity of 61. %-63%, the bulk density is 0.37 g/cm 3 -0.41 g/cm 3 .
  • the size of the Indian coco peat is 0.3-12.0 mm
  • the particle size of the cocoon is 0-2.6 mm
  • the carbonized rice husk is 0.7-6.0 mm
  • the carbonized rice husk is washed with tap water before use. Remove a large amount of potassium carbonate and reduce the pH.
  • the invention also discloses a soilless culture substrate cultivation method for leafy plants, comprising the following:
  • Substrate any of the above substrates
  • seedling cultivation materials seedling trays, trays.
  • Cultivation method seed is seeded on the substrate described in any one of the above, one seed per hole; uniform coverage A thin layer of vermiculite is watered by dip irrigation, and the irrigation water is tap water with a pH of 6.0.
  • the seedling tray is a 200-well seedling tray, and the tray is 540 ⁇ 280 mm.
  • the seedling tray is a PS material.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention provide a low cost, meet the requirements of air porosity, water holding capacity, large total porosity, small bulk density, etc., and have good physical and chemical properties and good permeability for the defects of the existing leafy substrate.
  • a substrate with good effects such as good fertilizer retention ability and a simple and easy-to-learn cultivation method for leafless culture substrate.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in the number of cotyledons of the South Korean Zixiu lettuce in Example 1 and common nutrient soil;
  • Example 2 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in the number of cotyledons of the South Korean Zixiu lettuce in Example 2 and common nutrient soil;
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in the number of cotyledons of the South Korean Zixiu lettuce in Example 3 and common nutrient soil;
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in the number of cotyledons of the South Korean Zixiu lettuce in Example 4 and common nutrient soil;
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the change of the number of cotyledons of the four-ninth cabbage in the normal nutrient soil in the first embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in the number of cotyledons of the four-ninth Chinese cabbage in Example 2 under ordinary nutrient soil;
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the change of the number of cotyledons in the case of the general nutrient soil in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in the number of cotyledons in the fourth nutrient soil of Example 4.
  • Figure 9 The germination of South Korean Zixiu lettuce in different substrates
  • Figure 10 shows the germination of four different cultures in different substrates.
  • a leafless vegetable soilless culture substrate and a cultivation method thereof comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 40%-52% Indian coco peat, 22%-31% antimony dung, 17 %-38% carbonized rice husk; the substrate has a pH of 5.8-6.1, a conductivity of 1100 ⁇ s/cm-1230 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 45%-48%, an air porosity of 14.56%-15.32%, and total porosity. It is 61% to 63%, and the bulk density is 0.37 g/cm 3 to 0.41 g/cm 3 .
  • the size of the Indian coco peat is 0.3-12.0 mm
  • the particle size of the cocoon is 0-2.6 mm
  • the particle size of the carbonized rice husk is 0.7-6.0 mm.
  • the carbonized rice husk is washed with tap water before use to remove a large amount of potassium carbonate. , reduce the pH.
  • the raw materials of the leafy vegetable cultivation substrate in the examples of the present invention are selected as follows:
  • Vermiculite 2.0-5.0mm in diameter, market regular purchase
  • a general nutrient soil cultivation parameter is also compared, and the general nutrient soil cultivation method is implemented according to the cultivation method of the substrate.
  • the seed is selected:
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 40% Indian coco peat, 30% antimony dung, 30% carbonized rice husk, the substrate has a pH of 5.9, a conductivity of 1200 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 45%, and air porosity. The degree was 14.56%, the total porosity was 61%, and the bulk density was 0.38 g/cm 33 .
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 52% Indian copra, 31% antimony, 17% carbonized rice husk, the substrate has a pH of 6.0, a conductivity of 1230 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 48%, and air porosity. The degree was 15.32%, the total porosity was 63%, and the bulk density was 0.41 g/cm 3 .
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 56% Indian coco peat, 25% cocoon, 19% carbonized rice husk, the substrate has a pH of 5.8, an electric conductivity of 1100 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 46%, and air porosity. The degree is 15%, the total porosity is 63%, and the bulk density is 0.39 g/cm 3 .
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 43% Indian copra, 28% antimony, 29% carbonized rice husk, the substrate has a pH of 6.1, a conductivity of 1200 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 47%, and air porosity. The degree was 15.12%, the total porosity was 61%, and the bulk density was 0.37 g/cm 3 .
  • Cotyledons are organs that are assimilated for storage of nutrients or seedlings. The earlier the cotyledons are unfolded, the earlier the seedlings enter the manufacturing nutrition stage.
  • the cotyledons at each stage of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment can be seen from the changes in the test data of the cotyledon expansion of the South Korean purple show vegetables in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4.
  • the number of unfolded trees is superior to that of ordinary nutrient soil;
  • the number of cotyledons developed in each stage of Example 1 and Example 4 can be seen from the changes in the experimental data of the cotyledon development of the four-ninth Chinese cabbage in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8. Both of them are superior to ordinary nutrient soil.
  • the number of cotyledons in the pre-stage is better than that of ordinary nutrient soil, and the difference is not large in the later stage.
  • the germination rate is the main indicator to identify the germination uniformity of the seed; the germination potential refers to the germination speed and uniformity of the seed.
  • the expression is the percentage of the seed from the germination to the peak of the germination during the germination peak period; the higher the germination index, The more energetic the seed is.
  • Germination rate (n / N) ⁇ 100% (n is the number of normal germinated grains finally reached; N is the number of seeds tested)
  • Germination potential (n3/N) ⁇ 100% (n3 is the number of normal germinated seeds on the third day of seed germination; N is the number of seeds tested)
  • Germination index ⁇ Gt/Dt (Dt is the number of days from the date of sowing; Gt is the number of normal germinations for each day)

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

一种叶菜类无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，基质配比得当，成本低，具有合适的空气孔隙度、持水量、总孔隙度大，容重小等要素，非常适合叶菜类植物育苗和栽培，可以解决目前市场上叶菜类基质配比繁杂，理化性质差、通透性不良、保水保肥能力弱等问题。

Description

一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质及其栽培方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物基质，特别涉及一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质及其栽培方法。
背景技术
无土栽培，是指不用天然土壤而用基质等进行作物栽培及育苗的方法，主要应用在瓜果蔬菜或者花卉苗木生产上，是一项省水省肥又省工的高产优质先进栽培技术。基质栽培是无土栽培中推广面积最大的一种方式。它是将作物的根系固定在有机或无机的基质中，通过滴灌或细流灌溉的方法，供给作物营养液。目前世界各国大多数采用砾、沙、泥(草)炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉、锯木屑等作为固定基质。
无土栽培基质是保证种苗质量的关键，优质的基质能为植物提供良好的通气环境、合适的持水量，并具有轻质、方便运输、无病虫害、原料经济环保等品质。随着无土栽培技术的推广应用，基质的需求量越来越大，专业从事基质生产的企业也应运而生，基质的种类也越来越丰富，逐渐呈现细分化、专用化的发展趋势。目前，园艺生产中应用最广泛的无土栽培基质有营养土、蛭石、珍珠岩、泥炭及水等，国际上暂时公认较为理想的栽培基质是泥炭、岩棉。但是泥炭和岩棉一种不可再生资源，大量开采对环境的破坏非常严重，还会造成自然资源枯竭。基于此，投入各种环保可持续性替代基质配比配方研发成为必然之势，而判定一种基质的优劣在于基质的配比后是否达到植物生长发育的要素，而这几个要素一般为酸碱度、电导率、持水量、空气孔隙度、总孔隙度、容重。目前市场上研发的主要为单一性基质和混合基质，单一性基质难以满足种苗生长期的营养元素需求，容易致使在育苗和栽培过程中造成植物发芽率低、生根难、成活率低。此外如果单一基质中存在物理特性不稳定，吸水性差等缺陷，对于植物种苗而言是毁灭性的打击。混合基质是由性质、结构、性能不同的基质混合配制而成，在水分、和肥料方面的协调性优于单一性。但是混合基质的基质原料的选取、配比不同，影响混合基质整体的性能，致使不同混合基质对植物育苗和栽培的效果也不尽相同。目前市场上叶菜类基质配比繁杂，理化性质差、通透性不良、保水保肥能力弱等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对以上问题，提供一种叶菜类无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，基质配比得当，成本低，满足空气孔隙度、持水量、总孔隙度大，容重小等要素，具有理化性质良好、通透性佳、保肥能力良好等效果，非常适合叶菜类植物育苗和栽培，且提供一种简 单易学的叶菜类无土基质的栽培方法。
本发明技术方案选用椰糠、蚯蚓粪、炭化稻壳作为基质配方原料。椰糠是椰子的外壳纤维经粉碎后得到的农业副产品，具有可压缩、保水、可循环利用等特点。蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓消化有机物而产生的排泄物，营养成分齐，孔隙度高、持水量大等特点，目前价格比椰糠要贵。炭化稻壳是稻壳经加温炭化后的有机物，容重小、通气性好、保水性强，富含钾元素。稻壳具有通气性好、质轻等特点。以上原材料均环保、易得。
本发明的技术方案是通过以下方式实现的：
一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：40％-52％印度椰糠、22％-31％蚯蚓粪、17％-38％碳化稻壳；所述基质酸碱度为5.8-7.1，电导率为600-1300μs/cm，持水量为40％-50％，空气孔隙度为14％-16％，总孔隙度为60％-70％，容重为0.34-0.42g/cm3。
进一步，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：40％印度椰糠、30％蚯蚓粪、30％碳化稻壳。
进一步，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：52％印度椰糠、31％蚯蚓粪、17％碳化稻壳。
进一步，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：56％印度椰糠、26％蚯蚓粪、18％碳化稻壳。
进一步，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：43％印度椰糠、28％蚯蚓粪、29％碳化稻壳。
进一步，上述任意一种基质，所述基质酸碱度为5.8-6.1，电导率为1100-1230μs/cm，持水量为45％-48％，空气孔隙度为14.56％-15.32％，总孔隙度为61％-63％，容重为0.37g/cm3-0.41g/cm3。
进一步，上述任意一种基质，所述印度椰糠粒径为0.3-12.0mm，蚯蚓粪粒径为0-2.6mm，碳化稻壳为0.7-6.0mm，所述碳化稻壳使用前用自来水冲洗，去除大量的碳酸钾，减小pH。
本发明还公开一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质栽培方法，包括如下：
基质：以上任意一种基质；
植物选种；
育苗栽培材料挑选：育苗盘，托盘。
栽培方法：将种子点播于上述任意一项所述的基质上，每穴1颗种子；均匀覆盖一 层薄薄的蛭石，浸灌方式浇水，灌溉水为pH＝6.0的自来水。
进一步，所述育苗盘为200孔育苗盘，所述托盘为540×280mm。
进一步，所述育苗盘为PS材料。
本发明的有益效果，针对现有的叶菜类基质的缺陷提供了一种成本低，满足空气孔隙度、持水量、总孔隙度大，容重小等要素，具有理化性质良好、通透性佳、保肥能力良好等效果的基质和简单易学的叶菜类无土栽培基质的栽培方法。
附图说明
图1为南韩紫秀生菜在实施例1与普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图2为南韩紫秀生菜在实施例2与普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图3为南韩紫秀生菜在实施例3与普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图4为南韩紫秀生菜在实施例4与普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图5为四九菜心在实施例1于普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图6为四九菜心在实施例2于普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图7为四九菜心在实施例3于普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图8为四九菜心在实施例4于普通营养土下子叶展开数量随时间变化曲线图；
图9南韩紫秀生菜在不同基质的发芽情况；
图10四九菜心在不同基质的发芽情况。
具体实施方式
除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有术语具有以下定义。除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有百分数均基于体积。除非另外声明外，术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”具有开放式含义，即，“包含但不限于”。
本发明进一步参考以下实施例描述。以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而非意图限制。
本发明实施例中为一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：40％-52％印度椰糠、22％-31％蚯蚓粪、17％-38％碳化稻壳；所述基质酸碱度为5.8-6.1，电导率为1100μs/cm-1230μs/cm，持水量为45％-48％，空气孔隙度为14.56％-15.32％，总孔隙度为61％-63％，容重为0.37g/cm3-0.41g/cm3。
所述印度椰糠粒径为0.3-12.0mm，蚯蚓粪粒径为0-2.6mm，碳化稻壳粒径为0.7-6.0mm，所述碳化稻壳使用前用自来水冲洗，去除大量的碳酸钾，减小pH。
本发明实施例中的所述叶菜类植物培育基质的原料选取如下：
印度椰糠(直径0.3-12.0mm，市场常规采购)，
蚯蚓粪(直径0-2.3mm，0-2.6mm，市场常规采购)，
炭化稻壳(直径0.7-6.0mm，市场常规采购)，
蛭石(直径2.0-5.0mm，市场常规采购)，
本发明实施例中还提供了一种通用营养土栽培参数进行对比，所述通用营养土栽培方法按所述基质的的栽培方法实施。
本发明实施例中所述基质的栽培方法选取的其他材料工具如下：
200孔育苗盘(PS材料)，540×280mm托盘。
本发明实施例中所述基质栽培方法中选种：
南韩紫秀生菜(市场采购)、四九菜心(市场采购)；
本发明实施例中所述基质的栽培方法和植物生长试验步骤：
(1)将种子点播于基质上，每穴1颗种子，共计每盘播种100棵；均匀覆盖一层薄薄的蛭石，浸灌方式浇水，灌溉水为pH＝6.0的自来水。每种配比基质种植3盘。
(2)从第3天开始记录发芽情况，每天记录发芽率、子叶展开棵数与时间，第10天结束发芽记录，第12天结束子叶观察记录。放置于室外阳台，温度15～25℃，相对湿度40～60％。
(3)基质pH、EC检验在发芽计数的第12天收集托盘漏液，使用哈纳HI-9815型号的pH&EC计测量渗漏液pH、EC。
实施例1
所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：40％印度椰糠、30％蚯蚓粪、30％碳化稻壳，所述基质酸碱度为5.9，电导率为1200μs/cm，持水量为45％，空气孔隙度为14.56％，总孔隙度为61％，容重为0.38g/cm33。
按上述方式实施。
实施例2
所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：52％印度椰糠、31％蚯蚓粪、17％碳化稻壳，所述基质酸碱度为6.0，电导率为1230μs/cm，持水量为48％，空气孔隙度为15.32％，总孔隙度为63％，容重为0.41g/cm3。
按上述方式实施。
实施例3
所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：56％印度椰糠、25％蚯蚓粪、19％碳化稻壳，所述基 质酸碱度为5.8，电导率为1100μs/cm，持水量为46％，空气孔隙度为15％，总孔隙度为63％，容重为0.39g/cm3。
按上述方式实施。
实施例4
所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：43％印度椰糠、28％蚯蚓粪、29％碳化稻壳，所述基质酸碱度为6.1，电导率为1200μs/cm，持水量为47％，空气孔隙度为15.12％，总孔隙度为61％，容重为0.37g/cm3。
按上述方式实施。
普通营养土实施例
普通营养土100％
按所述栽培方法实施。
子叶是为贮藏养料或幼苗时期进行同化作用的器官。子叶愈早展开，说明种苗愈早进入制造营养阶段。
由图1、图2、图3、图4中南韩紫秀生菜子叶展开数量试验数据变化中可以看出所述实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4的在各阶段的子叶展开棵数都优于普通营养土；由图5、图6、图7、图8中四九菜心子叶展开试验数据变化中可以看出实施例1、实施4在各阶段的子叶展开棵数都优于普通营养土，实施例2、实施例3在前阶段子叶展开棵数优于普通营养土，后期相差不大。
发芽率是鉴别种子发芽整齐度的主要指标；发芽势是指种子的发芽速度和整齐度，表达方式为种子从发芽开始到发芽高峰时段内发芽种子占测试种子总数的百分比；发芽指数越高，种子越有活力。计算公式：
发芽率＝(n/N)×100％(n为最终达到的正常发芽粒数；N为供试种子数)
发芽势＝(n3/N)×100％(n3为种子发芽第三天的正常发芽种子数；N为供试种子数)
发芽指数＝∑Gt/Dt(Dt为播种之日算起的日数；Gt为相应各日的正常发芽数)
以上数据使用SPSS16.0进行单因素方差分析，采用Duncan法进行显著性分析。
由图9中南韩紫秀生菜在不同基质的发芽情况可以所述看出实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4的发芽情况都优于普通营养土。由图10中四九菜心在不同基质中的发芽情况可以看出所述实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4从整体因素来评估发芽情况优于普通营养土。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳 实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的技术人员应当理解为，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：40％-57％印度椰糠、26％-40％蚯蚓粪、17％-30％碳化稻壳；所述基质酸碱度为5.8-7.1，电导率为600μs/cm-1300μs/cm，持水量为40％-50％，空气孔隙度为14％-16％，总孔隙度为60％-70％，容重为0.34-0.42g/cm3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：40％印度椰糠、30％蚯蚓粪、30％碳化稻壳。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：52％印度椰糠、31％蚯蚓粪、17％碳化稻壳。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：56％印度椰糠、25％蚯蚓粪、19％碳化稻壳。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：43％印度椰糠、28％蚯蚓粪、29％碳化稻壳。
  6. 、根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的在一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质酸碱度为5.8-6.1，电导率为1100-1230μs/cm，持水量为45％-48％，空气孔隙度为14.56％-15.32％，总孔隙度为61％-63％，容重为0.37g/cm3-0.41g/cm3。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述印度椰糠粒径为0.3-12.0mm，蚯蚓粪粒径为0-2.6mm，碳化稻壳为0.7-6.0mm，所述碳化稻壳使用前用自来水冲洗，去除大量的碳酸钾，减小pH。
  8. 一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，
    基质：以上任意一项权利要求所述的基质；
    植物选种；
    育苗栽培材料挑选：育苗盘，托盘；
    将种子点播于上述任意一项所述的基质上，每穴1颗种子；均匀覆盖一层薄薄的蛭石，浸灌方式浇水，灌溉水为pH＝6.0的自来水。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述育苗盘为200孔育苗盘，所述托盘为540×280mm。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的一种叶菜类植物无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述育苗盘为PS材料。
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