WO2017211468A1

WO2017211468A1 - Particle filter for an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2017211468A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/025162
Authority: WO
Inventors: Clemens Brinkmeier
Original assignee: Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2016-06-08
Filing date: 2017-06-07
Publication date: 2017-12-14
Also published as: EP3472441A1; JP2019523842A; US20190153920A1; CN109312648A; DE102016110527A1; EP3472441B1; CN109312648B; KR20190015480A; KR102139222B1; JP6720351B2

Abstract

The invention relates to a particle filter for an internal combustion engine, comprising a filter body (2), wherein the filter body (2) has a flow-through filter inlet (3) and a flow-through filter outlet (4), and wherein the filter body (2) has at least one flow-through first channel (5) with a first end (7) formed facing the filter inlet (3) and with a second end (8) formed facing the filter outlet (4), and has a flow-through second channel (6) with a third end (9) formed facing the filter inlet (3) and with a fourth end (10) formed facing the filter outlet (4), and wherein the second end (8) and the third end (9) are designed such that they cannot be flown through, wherein the channels (5, 6) can be divided into a flow-through channel section (13) and a non-flow-through channel section (14), and wherein a flow transfer of an exhaust gas flowing through the filter body (2) coming from the first channel (5) into the second channel (6) occurs via a common channel wall (11) formed between the first channel (5) and the second channel (6), and wherein the channel wall (11) is designed such that soot particles can be separated from the exhaust gas. According to the invention, in order to increase a reaction temperature in the particle filter (1) for burning off the soot particles, the first channel (5) and/or the second channel (6) has a heating element (15), wherein the heating element (15) is arranged in the non-flow-through channel section (14) of the channel (5; 6).

Description

Particle filter for an internal combustion engine

The invention relates to a particle filter for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Particle filter for internal combustion engines, in particular for self-igniting

Internal combustion engines are known. The particle filter is characterized in particular by the fact that a plurality of channels are arranged side by side, in particular parallel to one another, the channels being mutually closed. The exhaust gas flowing in via a filter inlet flows through the particle filter in its

Extending direction in that it passes from a channel opened at the filter inlet into a channel opened at the filter outlet via a porous wall arranged between these two channels. Solid particles of the exhaust gas are deposited in and / or on the wall. Since these particles reduce a free flow cross-section of the particulate filter and because the potential for excessive temperature increases in the particulate filter increases as the load increases due to exothermic soot burnup, these particles are to be removed from the particulate filter by a so-called regeneration, in other words by conversion of the soot particles. The patent EP 2 161 420 B1 is a particle filter for a

Internal combustion engine can be removed, which is uncoated in areas of the channels in which predominantly solid particles accumulate. Thus, a coated portion and an uncoated portion are formed in the channels, wherein the uncoated portion of a channel adjacent to the coated portion of another channel is formed.

From the published patent EP 1 250 952 AI is a particulate filter for as

Diesel engine formed internal combustion engine, which has a coating for soot oxidation, the reaction temperature is below 500 ° C. This is done using preferred materials of the particulate filter, in the form of Reached alkaline earth metal compounds, an oxygen-storing substance and platinum, paladium or rhodium.

The patent US 7,691, 339 B2 discloses a particulate filter for a

Internal combustion engine, which uses microwave energy to reduce soot particles accumulating in the particle filter. In this case, a microwave generator is provided, which warms up received in the soot filter microwave-absorbing material. The published patent application DE 10 2006 032 886 A1 discloses a particle filter which has a functional material coating. The channels of the particle filter to be flowed through are coated on their wall surfaces with the functional material, wherein the functional material in an exothermic reaction, starting from a first modification, passes into a second modification and leads to an increase in a temperature present in the particle filter.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved particulate filter for an internal combustion engine. This object is achieved by a particulate filter for a

Internal combustion engine solved with the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments with expedient and non-trivial developments of the invention are specified in the respective subclaims. A particulate filter according to the invention for an internal combustion engine has a filter body, wherein the filter body has a filter inlet which can be flowed through and a filter outlet which can be flowed through. The filter body comprises at least one first channel through which can flow, with a first end facing the filter inlet and a second end facing the filter outlet, and a second channel through which the filter inlet faces formed third end and facing the filter outlet formed fourth end. The second end and the third end are formed such that they can not be flowed through or flow through them to a certain extent, whereby the channels can be made into a flow-through channel section and a flow-through or in some way heavy

permeable channel section are articulated.

As a result, first channels are formed with obstructed or obstructed flow inlet at the filter inlet and second channels with obstructed or obstructed flow outlet at the filter outlet. A flow passage from the exhaust gas flowing through the particulate filter, starting from the first channel into the second channel, via a common channel wall formed between the first channel and the second channel. The channel wall is formed soot particles of the exhaust gas depositable.

Below is an underflowable channel section is not necessarily a completely sealed and closed against any flow-through channel section to understand, but it is also a somewhat difficult to be flowed through channel section to understand -. As a so-called diffusion-open channel section, in particular oxygen molecules can penetrate this difficult to flow through the channel section.

To increase a reaction temperature present in the particle filter for burning off the soot particles, the first channel and / or the second channel has a heating element, wherein the heating element is arranged in the channel section of the channel which can not be flowed through. The arrangement of the heating element in the flow-through channel section has several advantages. For example, a flow through the particle filter due to the

Heating element, which has a flow resistance, not affected. Another advantage is the use of, with regard to the flow, unused areas of the particulate filter to see: an increase in the reaction temperature for burning off the soot particles can be achieved while maintaining the original Size of the particle filter. In other words, this means that an intended installation space of the particle filter is maintained and, with respect to the construction space, no constructive one

Change measures are to be made. If, for example, the channels of the particle filter are coated, this may have the consequence that, compared to uncoated channels, a channel cross-section of the channel is reduced due to the coating. However, in order for the uncoated particle filter to be able to achieve corresponding throughflow conditions of the particle filter having the coating, the channel cross section of the particle filter must be increased, as a result of which the required installation space of the particle filter having the coating likewise increases.

In one embodiment of the particle filter according to the invention, the heating element is formed from a functional material which reacts exothermically when oxygen is stored. This means in other words that the heating element is quasi self-igniting. The advantage lies in the fact that it requires only the heating element itself, without, for example, as known from the prior art, an aid in the form of an ignition device, such as. The microwave generator to provide. It is merely the operation of the internal combustion engine to be adjusted so that due to a corresponding temperature of the exhaust gas and / or a corresponding composition of the exhaust gas, the exothermic reaction of the

Functional material is initiated.

Preferably, the heating element by means of a change of a

Combustion air ratio of the exhaust gas for heat emission excitable. This can be done by adding or reducing fuel or air

Combustion air ratio of the exhaust gas can be changed. In particular, a so-called substoichiometric composition, the one

Combustion air ratio with a value less than 1 corresponds or one

superstoichiometric composition corresponding to a combustion air ratio greater than 1 by so called rich operation Internal combustion engine or lean operation of the internal combustion engine achievable.

Preferably, the heating element with the aid of a change of

Combustion air ratio of the exhaust gas of a combustion air ratio with a value less than 1, to a combustion air ratio with a value greater than 1 can be energized for heat dissipation. This change in the combustion air ratio can be, for example, based on a load operation of the internal combustion engine at a low substoichiometric operation, for example. At a value of

Combustion air ratio of about 0.98 and an adjoining overrun operation of the internal combustion engine, in particular with a fuel cut achieve.

Such operation of the internal combustion engine can, for example, already by a downhill or a deceleration of a motor vehicle with the

Internal combustion engine can be obtained. This is already at a short time, z. B. due to the downhill or a delay realizable overrun, especially with a fuel cut, a temperature increase due to the heat output of the heating element in the particle filter can be brought. In other words, the heating element on a short-term lean operation of

Internal combustion engine, for example. By fuel cut, with a fierce

Temperature rise react. The advantage is that an engine control for operating the internal combustion engine does not have to be adjusted or only slightly. In a further embodiment of the particulate filter according to the invention that has

Heating element on an element cross section, which corresponds to a cross section of the channel. Thus, the heating element, in addition to its temperature-increasing function, be used for one-sided sealing of the channel. Preferably, the heating element is formed at least on the basis of cerium oxide and / or cerium-zirconium mixed oxides. These oxides have, with appropriate nature and concentration, a pronounced oxygen storage capacity, which has a high

Temperature increase due to the exothermic reaction can be realized.

If the heating element contains precious metals such as, for example, palladium and / or rhodium, this also gives them a direct oxygen storage capacity, at least in a certain temperature range. In a further preferred embodiment of the particulate filter according to the invention, the heating element of the first channel is formed of a first material and the heating element of the second channel is formed of a second material different from the first material. The advantage is the formation of different high temperature increases in the particle filter.

The particle filters of the prior art have, in principle, a comparatively low reaction rate of the burning off of the soot particles. This can have the consequence that, for example, due to a nearly simultaneous in all filter areas

incipient burning of the same at all points of the particulate filter soot loading, in areas of the particulate filter, which are starting from a filter inlet in the direction of a filter outlet of the particulate filter, very high temperature may be present, which may damage the particulate filter and / or a possibly

existing coating can lead. In this case, the highest temperature can be in the vicinity of the filter outlet of the particle filter. It is likely that even with z. B. 800 ° C, the burnup is relatively slow and so the released in the filter inlet heat of the burn is accumulated in the downstream areas, thus also in the area before the filter outlet, with the heat released there. Thus, with this embodiment, the advantage is given to bring about a rise in temperature in the region of the filter inlet, which depends on the temperature increase in the

Area of the filter outlet is different. It is advantageous to form the heating element in the region of the filter inlet of a first material, which only at present in the particulate filter deep and medium temperatures, up to, for example, about 800 ° C, heat

released, for example, palladium, and in the region of the filter outlet to form the heating element of a second material, which releases heat even for higher temperatures present in the particulate filter, for example, with a high proportion of

Standard storage materials of today's 3-way catalysts.

For example, particulate filters which are highly loaded, e.g. Particulate filters, which have a large amount of soot particles to heat them from the filter outlet. If the burn-up or the regeneration were initiated at the filter outlet, the heat released there would really be released and not imposed in the upstream areas as a "thermal burden." Under certain boundary conditions, in particular if flow velocities are not too high, then the so-called

Rußabbrandfront against the flow velocity in the direction of the filter inlet and in the formed there areas of the particulate filter into it. Therefore, it may be advantageous if the first material is designed for the reaction in a medium temperature range, and the second material for the reaction over another

Temperature range is formed.

A further increase of an efficient regeneration can be brought about with the aid of a further heating element, if this is arranged in the flow-through channel section.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the infiltrated channel section has a plug, wherein the heating element is designed to replace the plug completely or partially. Particulate filters according to the prior art have plugs which serve only the purpose of sealing the channel. They are massive formed and have a relatively large length. For example. Lengths of the plugs of approx. 7 mm are usual for particle filters used or provided in the gasoline engine sector. A mass fraction of the plug is in the clogged filter inlet or

Filter outlet areas at about 60 - 70%. Therefore, a complete or partial replacement of these plugs by a heating element made of a material with a high proportion of a storage component with high oxidation heat, to a sharp increase in temperature at a change in the operation of the internal combustion engine from rich operation to lean operation, for example in conjunction with a fuel cut. A particularly efficient particle filter is thus realized.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. The features mentioned above in the description and

Feature combinations as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures are not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in others

Combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the invention. Identical or functionally identical elements are assigned identical reference numerals. Show it:

Fig. 1 in a diagram a profile of the combustion air ratio λ of exhaust gas and in a corresponding t-T diagram temperatures in one

Particle filter according to the prior art and in a particulate filter according to the invention temperature profiles at different positions of the particulate filter, determined by means of a simulation calculation,

2 shows an xT diagram of temperature profiles at different times in the particle filter according to the prior art and the particle filter according to the invention, FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a particle filter according to the invention, and FIG Fig. 4 is an Ellingham diagram of the elements palladium and rhodium and their oxides.

An abrupt increase in temperature in a particulate filter 1 according to the invention is associated with an exothermic reaction of a material which has a high oxygen storage content at a change of operation of a non-illustrated

Internal combustion engine from a load to a push operation brought about. In this case, an internal combustion engine supplied air-fuel mixture is changed in their proportions. Preferably, starting from a so-called rich operation, which has a combustion air ratio λ of the air-fuel mixture with a value less than 1, to change into a lean operation, which has a combustion air ratio λ of the air-fuel mixture with a value greater than 1. As a result, exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, which flows through the particle filter 1, an increased proportion of oxygen, which triggers the exothermic reaction. A simultaneous fuel cut increases the oxygen content significantly, which also a significant increase in the temperature in the particulate filter 1 can be achieved.

Fig. 1 shows in the lower portion in a t- diagram a curve LI a

Combustion air ratio λ over the time t before a known particle filter. A sudden change in the combustion air ratio λ from a value of approximately 0.95 here to a value significantly above 1 indicates a point in time

Operating conversion of the internal combustion engine from load to coasting with fuel cut. In the upper and middle section of FIG. 1, as a function of the changeover in operation, calculated temperature profiles T 1, T 2, and T 3 are shown for different positions along a flow axis of the particle filters. In the upper section are the

Temperature profiles of a particulate filter 1 according to the prior art and in the middle section of FIG. 1 are temperature profiles of a particulate filter 1 according to the invention shown. The temperature profile TO corresponds to a so-called inlet temperature, ie the gas temperature before OPF.

The particle filter 1 according to the invention, which is formed schematically according to FIG. 3, has flow-through channel sections 13 and channel sections 14 which can be passed through. The temperature profiles T 1 and T 3 show a thermal behavior of the particle filter 1 in a plane near a filter inlet 3 or near a filter outlet 4 of FIG

Particulate filter 1, ie in planes that cut through also unbearable channel sections 14. The temperature profile T2 shows the thermal behavior of the

Particulate filter 1 near a center plane of the particulate filter 1, which is formed centrally between the planes of the filter inlet 3 and the filter outlet 4.

The temperatures Tl, T2, T3 in the particle filter 1 according to the prior art follow with a time delay, due to the heat capacity of the particulate filter 1 itself, the cooling inlet temperature TO. The temperatures Tl, T2, T3 in the particulate filter 1 according to the invention show different courses. The temperatures Tl, T3 of the planes with channel sections 14 which can be flowed through rise immediately after the change from the (slightly) rich to the lean mixture only imperceptibly decelerates violently, in this example by about 75 ° C. As soon as an exothermic filling of an oxygen storage device in the non-flow-through duct sections 14 has been completed, these temperatures T 1, T 3 will also follow in time with the ever-decreasing inlet temperature TO.

The calculations were made without consideration of a Rußabbrandes. Measurements not shown in detail show that at about 700 ° C of the particulate filter 1, the soot burns only sluggish. At around 850 ° C regeneration of stored soot is clearly visible. For the load case shown here, the particulate filter 1 has hardly regenerated without soot. The particle filter 1 according to the invention, comprising the

umurchströmbaren channel sections 14, however, ignites the Rußabbrand so that it then self-accelerating or sustaining runs to extensive regeneration. FIG. 2 shows in an xT diagram temperature profiles at different times t0, t1, t2, t3, t4 before and after a change from a (slightly) rich load operation of the internal combustion engine to coasting with fuel cutoff in the direction of the flow axis of the particle filter 1 2, the temperature profiles t0, t1, t2, t3, t4 in the particle filter 1 according to the prior art and in the lower portion of FIG. 2 the temperature profiles t0, t1, t2, t3, t4 in FIG

Particulate filter 1 according to the invention shown. The temperature curve tO corresponds to a course before the operating changeover. The temperature profiles t1, t2, t3, t4 are temperature profiles after the changeover of operation, wherein the temperature profile tl is 20.2 sec, the temperature profile t2 is 21.2 sec, the temperature profile t3 is 22.2 sec and the temperature profile t4 is 23.2 sec

Temperature profile over the flow axis after change of operation corresponds.

The particulate filter 1 according to the invention for the not shown

Internal combustion engine is formed in a schematic representation of FIG. 3. During operation of the internal combustion engine, which is embodied in the form of a direct-injection gasoline engine, exhaust gas containing soot particles is produced as a result of combustion of the air-fuel mixture.

The particle filter 1 has a filter body 2 with a filter inlet 3 which can be flowed through and a filter outlet 4 through which it can flow. In the filter body 2, a plurality of through-flow channels 5, 6 are formed. The channels 5, 6 are formed along a longitudinal axis L extending, juxtaposed, wherein a

Flow takes place along the longitudinal axis L.

The channels 5, 6 have alternately on the filter inlet 3 and a closed at the filter outlet 4 end. In the following, by means of a first channel 5 and a second channel 6, the plurality of channels and the operation of the particulate filter 1 described.

The first channel 5 has a first end 7 facing the filter inlet 3 and a second end 8 facing the filter outlet 4. The second channel 6 has a third end 9 facing the filter inlet 3 and a second end 9 facing the filter inlet 3

Filter outlet 4 facing trained fourth end 10. The second end 8 and the third end 9 are formed umströmströmbar. A flow of the exhaust gas from the first channel 5 into the second channel 6 via a common channel wall 11 formed between the first channel 5 and the second channel 6.

The channel wall 11 is formed porous permeable to flow, wherein the

Soot particles of the exhaust gas flowing through the channel wall 11 on the channel wall 11 or - deposit. The exhaust gas flows through the particle filter 1 in the direction of

drawn arrows.

The channels 5, 6 are closed at their unbroken ends 8, 9 by means of a plug 12. In other words, that means that the channels 5, 6 each have a freely flow-through channel section 13 and a channel section 14 which can be flowed through.

The plug 12 has an element cross-section QE which corresponds to a cross-section Q of the channel 5; 6 corresponds. Since in the illustrated embodiment, the channels 5, 6 have an identical cross-section, the element cross-section QE also corresponds to a cross-section Q of the second channel 6. In a non-illustrated

Embodiment, the channels 5, 6 different cross-sections Q on. This means that the stopper 12 has an element cross-section QE designed to be adapted to the cross-section Q of the corresponding channel 5, 6. The element cross-section QE of the plug 12 is constant over a length L of the plug 12 in the illustrated embodiment. Likewise, the element cross section QE could change over its length L. For example, in one does not specify

illustrated embodiment of the plug 12 has a frusto-conical shape with a 5 on the length LE changing element cross-section QE, if the channel 5, 6 has a conical shape.

During operation of the internal combustion engine, the soot particles accumulate in the particle filter 1, wherein an effective flow cross section of the particle filter 1 reduces over time

10 becomes. The reduction of the effective flow cross-section leads to an increase of an exhaust backpressure of the internal combustion engine, which can lead to an increase of charge cycle losses. This in turn would have a constant increase in fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine or with the same fuel consumption, a reduction in the performance of the internal combustion engine

15 episode. Thus, in response to a so-called loading of the particulate filter 1, a regeneration of the particulate filter 1 is performed.

For regeneration of the particulate filter 1, this has at least one heating element 15, which is arranged in the channel section 14 which can be flowed through. The heating element 20 15 consists of a functional material which reacts exothermically in the event of an excess of air, in other words gives off heat and thus leads to an increase in temperature in the particle filter 1.

The heating element 15 is in the form of the plug 12 and replaces it. Likewise, the heating element 15 could also be formed as part of the plug 12. It is formed from a material which is formed triggering an oxygen storage an exothermic reaction. In other words, that means that

Heating element 15 automatically releases heat due to its molecular structure, if an oxygen storage is formed. That means there is a

30 reaction heat release. The material is a solid which may be present in at least two modifications. In rich operation of the internal combustion engine, it is at least partially in a reduced modification, the first modification before and goes in a lean operation of the internal combustion engine in an oxidized modification, the second modification. This solid, also called functional material, is preferably a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium oxides with optionally further substances, such as, for example, metals and / or earth metals, lanthanum, presodymium, ytterium, and alumina. Also suitable are the "less noble" noble metals palladium and rhodium, which also directly have an oxygen storage capacity, but at higher temperatures, for example about 900 ° C., they do not oxidise, thus do not store, and retain their noble metallic state irrelevant, whether it is an exhaust gas with a rich composition corresponding to the rich operation or an exhaust gas with a lean composition corresponding to the lean operation of the

Internal combustion engine acts. Rhodium would gem. Fig. 4 can form rhodium oxide up to about 880 ° C and thus can behave subdued up to this temperature.

According to its composition, the functional material for the exothermic reaction may be formed in different temperature ranges. For example. For example, a first material has a composition having a reducing / oxidizing ability in a low and medium temperature range up to about 700 ° C, for example, palladium. A second material has a composition having an exothermic reaction additional in a high temperature range, such as TWC (three-way-catalyst) standard storage materials. In other words, in other words, the first material is designed for the reaction at low and medium temperatures present in the particle filter 1, and the second material is designed to react over all the temperatures present in the particle filter 1. Of course, all plugs 12 can be replaced by a respective heating element 15, whereby the regeneration is improved.

Likewise, a particle filter 1 with a plurality of heating elements 15, which are formed from a single material and / or a material mix are also targeted. The

Positioning of the heating elements 15, on the inlet side or on the outlet side, can also be selected as a function of an installation situation of the particle filter 1, close to the engine or remote from the engine. In a preferred embodiment, not shown, all plugs 12 of the particulate filter 1 are replaced by a respective heating element 15. A further embodiment of the particle filter 1 according to the invention, not shown in greater detail, has at the second end 8 the heating element 15 formed from the first material and at the third end 9 the heating element 15 formed from the second material.

Another not shown embodiment of the particulate filter according to the invention has at second ends and third ends, which are located farther from the central longitudinal axis, heating elements made of a first material. At the second ends and third ends, which are closer to the central longitudinal axis, it has heating elements made of a second material or no heating elements.

Also, in the flow-through channel section 13, a further heating element 15 may be arranged. This could be formed from a further, different from the first material and the second material material. Ie. in other words, it is made of another material having an oxygen storage ability different from the first material and the second material. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 particle filter

2 filter body

3 filter inlet

4 filter outlet

5 First channel

6 Second channel

7 First end

8 Second end

9 Third End

10 Fourth end

11 channel wall

12 plugs

13 Flow-through channel section

14 Undurchströmbarer channel section

15 heating element

L longitudinal axis

LE length

LI course

Q channel cross-section

QE element cross-section

T temperature

TO inlet temperature

Tl first temperature profile

T2 second temperature profile

T3 third temperature profile

t time

tO Temperature profile before operating changeover tl Temperature progression after operating changeover t2 Temperature progression after operating changeover t3 Temperature profile after operating changeover t4 Temperature curve after operating changeover λ Combustion air ratio

Claims

Patent claims

1. Particulate filter for an internal combustion engine, with a filter body (2), the filter body (2) having a flow-through filter inlet (3) and a

has a filter outlet (4) through which flow can flow, and wherein the filter body (2) has at least one flow-through first channel (5) with a first end (7) facing the filter inlet (3) and a second end (8) facing the filter outlet (4). , and a flow-through second channel (6) with a third end (9) facing the filter inlet (3) and a fourth end (10) facing the filter outlet (4), and wherein the second end (8) and the third End (9) are designed to be impermeable to flow, wherein the channels (5, 6) can be divided into a flow-through channel section (13) and a non-flow-through channel section (14), and wherein a flow transfer of an exhaust gas flowing through the filter body (2) starts from the first channel ( 5) into the second channel (6) via a common channel wall (11) formed between the first channel (5) and the second channel (6), and wherein the channel wall (11) is designed to be able to separate soot particles of the exhaust gas,

characterized in that

to increase a reaction temperature present in the particle filter (1) for burning off the soot particles, the first channel (5) and/or the second channel (6) has a heating element (15), the heating element (15) being in the impermeable channel section (14) of the channel (5; 6) is arranged and is made of a functional material which reacts exothermically when oxygen is stored.

2. Particle filter according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the heating element (15) can be stimulated to release heat by changing a combustion air ratio (λ) of the exhaust gas.

3. Particle filter according to claim 2,

characterized in that

the heating element (15) can be stimulated to release heat by changing a combustion air ratio (λ) of the exhaust gas from a combustion air ratio (λ) with a value less than 1 to a value greater than 1.

4. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the heating element (15) has an element cross section (QE) which corresponds to a cross section (Q) of the channel (5, 6).

5. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the heating element (15) is formed at least from cerium and zirconium oxides and/or their mixed oxides.

6. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the heating element (15) has palladium and/or rhodium.

7. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the heating element (15) of the first channel (5) is made of a first material and the heating element (15) of the second channel (6) is made of a second material that differs from the first material.

8. Particle filter according to claim 7,

characterized in that

the first material is designed to react at low and medium temperatures present in the particle filter (1), and the second material is designed to react all temperatures present in the particle filter (1) are formed.

9. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

a further heating element (15) is arranged in the channel section through which flow can flow.

10. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the impermeable channel section has a plug (12), the heating element (15) being designed to completely or partially replace the plug (12).