DE102010055147A1 - Four-way catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas of temporarily stoichiometric fueled internal combustion engine, particularly petrol engine, of vehicle, has ceramic support body, which is provided with particle filter function - Google Patents
Four-way catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas of temporarily stoichiometric fueled internal combustion engine, particularly petrol engine, of vehicle, has ceramic support body, which is provided with particle filter function Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/903—Multi-zoned catalysts
- B01D2255/9032—Two zones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
- B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/014—Stoichiometric gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Vier-Wege-Katalysator für zumindest zeitweise stöchiometrisch (Lambda = 1) betriebene Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere Ottomotoren, eine Verwendung des Vier-Wege-Katalysators sowie ein Fahrzeug, welches einen solchen aufweist.The invention relates to a four-way catalyst for at least temporarily stoichiometric (lambda = 1) operated internal combustion engines, in particular gasoline engines, a use of the four-way catalyst and a vehicle having such.
Die Ausstattung von mit Dieselmotoren betriebenen Fahrzeugen mit Partikelfiltern zur Absenkung kohlenstoffhaltiger partikulärer Emissionen ist heutige Praxis und in vielen Ländern gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Zudem gibt es im dieselmotorischen Bereich auch Ansätze, die Partikelrückhaltefunktion sowie katalytische Funktionen in gemeinsamen Bauteilen zu kombinieren.Equipping diesel-fueled vehicles with particulate filters to reduce carbonaceous particulate emissions is today's practice and is required by law in many countries. In addition, there are also approaches in the diesel engine sector to combine the particle retention function and catalytic functions in common components.
Aus
Anders als bei Dieselmotoren sind bei Ottomotoren hingegen derzeit nur gasförmige Abgasbestandteile gesetzlich limitiert. So sind Ottomotoren, die ständig oder zumindest zeitweise mit einem stöchiometrischen Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisch betrieben werden, üblicherweise lediglich mit einem Katalysator mit einer katalytischen Drei-Wege-Beschichtung ausgestattet, welche einerseits die Abgaskomponenten Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) zu Kohlendioxid (CO2) und Wasser (H2O) oxidieren und andererseits Stickoxide (NOx) zu Stickstoff (N2) reduziert.Unlike diesel engines, however, only gaseous exhaust components are currently legally limited in gasoline engines. Thus, gasoline engines that are operated continuously or at least temporarily with a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture, usually only equipped with a catalytic converter with a three-way catalytic coating, which on the one hand the exhaust components carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) oxidize and on the other hand reduces nitrogen oxides (NO x ) to nitrogen (N 2 ).
Der Wunsch nach einer weiteren Reduzierung von Emissionen sowie zukünftig zu erwartende gesetzliche Abgasgrenzwerte, beispielsweise in Europa und in den USA, führen zu dem Erfordernis, auch bei Ottomotoren die Partikelemissionen hinsichtlich der Partikelmasse (PM) sowie der Partikelanzahl (PA) zu senken. Dabei sollten alle Grenzwerte mindestens über eine definierte Fahrzeuglebensdauer eingehalten werden. Dies kann den Einsatz von Partikelfiltern auch für Ottomotoren erfordern.The desire for a further reduction of emissions as well as future expected exhaust emission limits, for example in Europe and in the USA, lead to the requirement to lower particulate matter (PM) and particulate matter (PA) emissions for gasoline engines as well. All limit values should be adhered to for at least a defined vehicle life. This may require the use of particulate filters for gasoline engines as well.
Wünschenswert wäre ein Katalysatorkonzept für Ottomotoren, bei dem ein Drei-Wege-Katalysator mit einer Partikelrückhaltefunktion in einem einzigen Katalysator mit einem gemeinsamen Trägerkörper realisiert ist (Vier-Wege-Katalysator). Als Trägerkörper für Katalysatoren, wie auch für Partikelfilter, kommen keramische Substrate zur Anwendung. Bekannte Katalysatorträger für den ottomotorischen Bereich haben aufgrund der strengen Abgasgrenzwerte im Vergleich zu bekannten Dieselpartikelfiltern viel höhere Zelldichten und viel geringere Trägerwandstärken. Fertigungsbedingt lassen sich jedoch die Zelldichte für Partikelfilter nicht beliebig erhöhen und festigkeitsbedingt die Wandstärken nicht beliebig reduzieren. Aufgrund der damit verbundenen vergleichsweise großen Wärmekapazität des Trägers erfolgt nach einem Kaltstart die für die katalytische Aktivität notwendige Erwärmung nur langsam und die kritische Light-off-Temperatur wird erst spät erreicht, was sich negativ auf die Kaltstartemissionen auswirkt. Erschwerend kommt die durch die katalytische Beschichtung, insbesondere die so genannte Washcoat-Beschichtung, hervorgerufene vergrößerte Wandstärke und Wärmekapazität hinzu. Diese Gründe haben bisher praxisrelevante Konzepte für einen so genannten Vier-Wege-Katalysator für Ottomotoren verhindert.It would be desirable to have a catalytic converter concept for gasoline engines in which a three-way catalyst with a particle retention function is realized in a single catalyst with a common carrier body (four-way catalyst). As a carrier for catalysts, as well as for particulate filter, ceramic substrates are used. Known catalyst carriers for the Otto engine sector have much higher cell densities and much lower carrier wall thicknesses in comparison to known diesel particle filters due to the strict exhaust gas limit values. However, due to production reasons, the cell density for particle filters can not be increased arbitrarily and due to the strength of the wall thicknesses can not be reduced arbitrarily. Due to the associated comparatively large heat capacity of the carrier takes place after a cold start necessary for the catalytic activity heating only slowly and the critical light-off temperature is reached late, which has a negative effect on the cold-start emissions. To make matters worse by the catalytic coating, in particular the so-called washcoat coating, caused increased wall thickness and heat capacity added. These reasons have hitherto prevented practice-relevant concepts for a so-called four-way catalytic converter for gasoline engines.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Vier-Wege-Katalysator für zumindest zeitweise stöchiometrisch betriebene Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere für Ottomotoren, vorzuschlagen. Idealerweise sollte der Vier-Wege-Katalysator eine ausreichend schnelle Erwärmung und somit ein schnelles Erreichen der Light-off-Temperatur erlauben.The invention is therefore based on the object, a four-way catalyst for at least temporarily stoichiometric combustion engines, in particular for gasoline engines, to propose. Ideally, the four-way catalyst should allow a sufficiently rapid heating and thus a rapid achievement of the light-off temperature.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch einen Katalysator, seine Verwendung sowie ein Fahrzeug mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.These objects are achieved by a catalytic converter, its use and a vehicle having the features of the independent claims.
Der Vier-Wege-Katalysator gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst einen keramischen Trägerkörper, der eine Partikelfilterfunktion zur Rückhaltung kohlenstoffhaltiger Partikel aufweist; zumindest eine auf zumindest einem Teilbereich des keramischen Trägerkörpers angeordnete Washcoat-Beschichtung, welche zumindest abschnittsweise zumindest eine Sauerstoff speichernde Komponente aufweist; sowie zumindest eine auf zumindest einem Teilbereich der Washcoat-Beschichtung geträgerte katalytisch aktive Komponente, welche geeignet ist, unter einer zumindest annähernd stöchiometrischen Abgasatmosphäre Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC), Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und Stickoxide (NOx) katalytischen zu konvertieren. Erfindungsgemäß weist der Katalysator zumindest zwei Abschnitte auf, die sich zumindest in ihrer Washcoat-Beschichtung voneinander unterscheiden.The four-way catalyst according to the present invention comprises a ceramic carrier body having a particulate filter function for retaining carbonaceous particles; at least one arranged on at least a portion of the ceramic support body washcoat coating which at least partially has at least one oxygen-storing component; and at least one catalytically active component supported on at least a portion of the washcoat coating, which is suitable Under an at least approximately stoichiometric exhaust gas atmosphere hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) catalytic convert. According to the invention, the catalyst has at least two sections which differ from each other at least in their washcoat coating.
Durch die erfindungsgemäß bezüglich einer inneren Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers inhomogene Washcoat-Beschichtung wird ermöglicht, die Washcoat-Eigenschaften so auszuwählen, dass ein früher Light-off des Katalysators gewährleistet ist und somit die Kaltstartemissionen reduziert werden. Anders als bei dem im Stand der Technik bekannten „Zonecoating”, bei dem ein Trägerkörper eine homogene über den gesamten Trägerkörper gleichbleibende Washcoat-Beschichtung, aber Zonen mit unterschiedlichen Edelmetallen aufweist, unterscheiden sich die Zonen des erfindungsgemäßen Katalysators in ihrer Washcoat-Beschichtung, insbesondere in einer flächenbezogenen Washcoat-Masse (oder Washcoat-Dicke), einer chemischen Washcoat-Zusammensetzung, einer Art der Sauerstoff speichernden Komponente und/oder einer flächenbezogenen Masse der Sauerstoff speichernden Komponente. Mit anderen Worten kann die Washcoat-Beschichtung in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung bezüglich der Washcoat-Grundsubstanz und/oder der Sauerstoff speichernden Komponente variieren und/oder in den flächenbezogenen Mengen der Washcoat-Grundsubstanz und/oder der Sauerstoff speichernden Komponente.The inhomogeneous according to the invention with respect to an inner surface of the carrier body washcoat coating is made possible to select the washcoat properties so that an early light-off of the catalyst is ensured and thus the cold start emissions are reduced. Unlike in the "zone coating" known in the prior art, in which a carrier body has a homogeneous washcoat coating over the entire carrier body, but zones with different noble metals, the zones of the inventive catalyst differ in their washcoat coating, in particular a surface-related washcoat mass (or washcoat thickness), a chemical washcoat composition, a type of oxygen-storing component and / or a mass per unit area of the oxygen-storing component. In other words, the washcoat coating may vary in its chemical composition with respect to the washcoat base substance and / or the oxygen-storing component and / or in the surface-related amounts of the washcoat base substance and / or the oxygen-storing component.
In bevorzugter Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass ein erster, stromaufwärtiger Abschnitt des Katalysators eine niedrigere flächenbezogene Washcoat-Masse (bzw. Schichtdicke) aufweist als ein zweiter Abschnitt des Katalysators, der relativ zum ersten Abschnitt stromabwärtig bezüglich eines Strömungsweges des Abgases innerhalb des Katalysators liegt. Durch die relativ geringe Masse des Washcoats im ersten, stromaufwärtigeren Abschnitt wird in diesem Bereich eine vergleichsweise geringe Wärmekapazität erreicht, die nach einem Kaltstart zu einem schnellen Erwärmen des Abschnitts und somit zu einem schnellen Anspringen des stromaufwärtigen Abschnitts führt. Ist der erste Abschnitt erst einmal erwärmt, kommt es aufgrund der Exothermie der katalytischen Umsetzungen der gasförmigen Abgaskomponenten zu einem schnellen weiteren Erwärmen in diesem Abschnitt und durch die hohen Abgastemperaturen auch des/der nachfolgenden Abschnitte.In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that a first, upstream portion of the catalyst has a lower area-related washcoat mass than a second portion of the catalyst that is downstream relative to the first portion with respect to a flow path of the exhaust gas within the catalyst. Due to the relatively low mass of the washcoat in the first, upstream section, a comparatively low heat capacity is achieved in this area, which after a cold start leads to a rapid heating of the section and thus to a rapid start-up of the upstream section. Once the first section has been heated, due to the exothermic nature of the catalytic reactions of the gaseous exhaust gas components, rapid further heating in this section and the high exhaust gas temperatures also occur in the subsequent section (s).
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung weist ein erster, stromaufwärtiger Abschnitt des Katalysators eine niedrigere flächenbezogene Masse der Sauerstoff speichernden Komponente und/oder eine Sauerstoff speichernden Komponente geringerer Sauerstoffspeicherfähigkeit auf als ein zweiter, stromabwärtiger Abschnitt des Katalysators. Auf diese Weise weist der erste Abschnitt eine vergleichsweise geringe oder sogar keine Sauerstoffspeicherkapazität (OSC) auf, so dass der im Abgas enthaltene Sauerstoff nicht gespeichert wird und in weiter abgeschiedene Bereiche des Katalysators strömt, wo er zur Oxidation abgeschiedener Partikel zur Verfügung steht. In sauerstoffreichen Betriebspunkten des Motors findet somit eine Regeneration des Katalysators statt, ohne dass gesonderte Kraftstoff zehrende motorische Maßnahmen zur Partikelregeneration ergriffen werden müssen. Bei geeigneter Auslegung der Beschichtungen wird ein kontinuierlich regenerierender Katalysator ermöglicht.In a further advantageous embodiment, a first, upstream section of the catalyst has a lower surface-related mass of the oxygen-storing component and / or an oxygen-storing component of lower oxygen storage capability than a second, downstream section of the catalyst. In this way, the first portion has a comparatively low or even no oxygen storage capacity (OSC), so that the oxygen contained in the exhaust gas is not stored and flows into further separated regions of the catalyst, where it is available for the oxidation of deposited particles. In oxygen-rich operating points of the engine, a regeneration of the catalyst thus takes place without separate fuel-consuming engine measures for particle regeneration having to be taken. With a suitable design of the coatings, a continuously regenerating catalyst is made possible.
Der erfindungsgemäße Vier-Wege-Katalysator erlaubt einerseits die Reduzierung kohlenstoffhaltiger Partikel, insbesondere von Rußpartikeln, und verfügt andererseits über die Funktion eines Drei-Wege-Katalysators, indem er Kohlenmonoxid und Kohlenwasserstoffe zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser oxidiert und Stickoxide zu Stickstoff reduziert. Zu diesem Zweck kann die katalytisch aktive Komponente die Edelmetalle Platin, Palladium und/oder Rhodium aufweisen, wobei insbesondere die Kombination Platin und Rhodium oder die Kombination Palladium und Rhodium bevorzugt sind.On the one hand, the four-way catalyst according to the invention permits the reduction of carbonaceous particles, in particular of soot particles, and on the other hand has the function of a three-way catalyst by oxidizing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water and reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. For this purpose, the catalytically active component may comprise the noble metals platinum, palladium and / or rhodium, with the combination of platinum and rhodium or the combination of palladium and rhodium in particular being preferred.
Zusätzlich zur zonenweise Variation der Washcoat-Beschichtung können die zumindest zwei Abschnitte sich auch in ihrer Zusammensetzung der katalytisch aktiven Komponente und/oder in einer flächenbezogenen Masse der katalytisch aktiven Komponente voneinander unterscheiden. Beispielsweise kann in einem stromabwärtigeren Abschnitt eine höhere Masse (Beladung) mit der katalytisch aktiven Komponente vorgesehen sein, um in diesen Bereichen hohe Temperaturen zu erzeugen und den (kontinuierlichen) Partikelabbrand zu unterstützen.In addition to the zone-by-zone variation of the washcoat coating, the at least two sections may also differ in their composition of the catalytically active component and / or in a surface-related mass of the catalytically active component. For example, a higher mass (loading) with the catalytically active component can be provided in a downstream section in order to generate high temperatures in these areas and to assist the (continuous) particle burnup.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist der keramische Trägerkörper eine so genannte Wandstromfilterstruktur auf. In einer solchen Partikelfilterarchitektur ist ein Teil der im Substrat vorhandenen Strömungskanäle eintrittsseitig geschlossen (Austrittskanäle) und der andere Teil eintrittsseitig offen (Eintrittskanäle). Auf diese Weise ist das in einen Eintrittskanal einströmende Abgas gezwungen, von einer Anströmfläche des Eintrittskanals durch die keramische Wandung zu strömen, um über eine Abströmfläche der Wandung in einen Austrittskanal zu gelangen. Durch das wenigstens einmalige Passieren einer Wandung wird ein sehr hoher Filterwirkungsgrad erzielt.According to a further preferred embodiment, the ceramic carrier body has a so-called wall-flow filter structure. In such a particle filter architecture, part of the flow channels present in the substrate are closed on the inlet side (outlet channels) and the other part open on the inlet side (inlet channels). In this way, the exhaust gas flowing into an inlet channel is forced to flow from an inflow surface of the inlet channel through the ceramic wall, in order to pass via an outflow surface of the wall into an outlet channel. By passing a wall at least once a very high filter efficiency is achieved.
Insbesondere in der vorstehend geschilderten Wandstromfilterstruktur ist es möglich, dass die unterschiedlich beschichteten Abschnitte nicht nur in axialer Richtung zueinander angeordnet sind, das heißt in Hauptströmungsrichtung des Abgases, sondern auch in radialer Richtung, das heißt quer zur Hauptströmungsrichtung. Beispielsweise können die Eintrittskanäle, das heißt die Anströmflächen, einen anderen Washcoat aufweisen als die Austrittskanäle, das heißt die Abströmflächen. Mit anderen Worten kann der Katalysator entlang seines Längsschnitts und/oder entlang seines Querschnitts variierende Beschichtungen aufweisen, wodurch ein hohe Anzahl an Möglichkeiten, die Beschichtungscharakteristik an die örtlichen Erfordernisse anzupassen, existiert und der Katalysator optimal ausgelegt werden kann.In particular, in the above-described wall-flow filter structure, it is possible that the differently coated portions are arranged not only in the axial direction to each other, that is in the main flow direction of the exhaust gas, but also in the radial direction, that is transverse to Main flow direction. For example, the inlet channels, that is to say the inflow surfaces, may have a different washcoat than the outlet channels, that is to say the outflow surfaces. In other words, the catalyst can have varying coatings along its longitudinal section and / or along its cross section, whereby a large number of options for adapting the coating characteristics to the local requirements exists and the catalyst can be optimally designed.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung des vorstehend beschriebenen Vier-Wege-Katalysators zur Reinigung eines Abgases eines zumindest zeitweise stöchiometrisch betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere eines Ottomotors.Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the four-way catalyst described above for purifying an exhaust gas of an at least temporarily stoichiometric combustion engine, in particular a gasoline engine.
Noch ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug mit einem zumindest zeitweise stöchiometrisch betriebenen Verbrennungsmotor und eine diesem angeschlossene Abgasanlage, die einen erfindungsgemäßen Vier-Wege-Katalysator enthält. Hier kann einerseits ein Einkatalysatorkonzept realisiert werden, in dem der Vier-Wege-Katalysator als einziger Katalysator enthalten ist, vorzugsweise an einer motornahen Einbaulage. In alternativer Ausgestaltung ist der Vier-Wege-Katalysator Teil eines Mehrkatalysatorkonzepts, bei dem dem Vier-Wege-Katalysator nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Vorkatalysator vorgeschaltet ist, der insbesondere als Drei-Wege-Katalysator ausgestaltet sein kann. In diesem Konzept ist der. Vier-Wege-Katalysator bevorzugt an einer Unterbodeneinbaulage vorgesehen. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung eines Mehrkatalysatorkonzepts ist der erfindungsgemäße Vier-Wege-Katalysator an einer motornahen Position angeordnet und erfüllt somit die Funktion eines schnell startenden Vorkatalysators und ein herkömmlicher Drei-Wege-Katalysator befindet sich in einer Unterbodeneinbaulage.Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a vehicle having an at least temporarily stoichiometric combustion engine and an exhaust system connected thereto, which contains a four-way catalyst according to the invention. Here, on the one hand, a single-catalyst concept can be realized, in which the four-way catalyst is contained as a single catalyst, preferably at a mounting position close to the engine. In an alternative embodiment, the four-way catalyst is part of a Mehrkatalysatorkonzepts, in which the four-way catalyst according to the present invention is preceded by a precatalyst, which may be configured in particular as a three-way catalyst. In this concept is the. Four-way catalyst preferably provided on an underbody mounting position. In a further embodiment of a multi-catalyst concept, the four-way catalyst according to the invention is arranged at a position close to the engine and thus fulfills the function of a fast-starting precatalyst and a conventional three-way catalyst is in an underfloor installation position.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen, in den Unteransprüchen genannten Merkmalen.Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the remaining, mentioned in the dependent claims characteristics.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained below in embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Der Katalysator
Eine innere Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers
Auf einer äußeren und teilweise inneren Oberfläche der Washcoat-Beschichtung
Die katalytisch aktive Komponente
Durch die katalytische Beschichtung weist der Katalysator
Der erfindungsgemäße Vier-Wege-Katalysator
In der in
In vorteilhafter Ausführung weist der erste, stromaufwärtige Abschnitt
Darüber hinaus kann der erste, stromauwärtige Abschnitt
Im zweiten Abschnitt
Die beiden Abschnitte
Die Länge und Verteilung der Abschnitte
Die
In
In
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 1010
- Vier-Wege-KatalysatorFour-way catalyst
- 1212
- keramischer Trägerkörperceramic carrier body
- 1414
- Eintrittskanalinlet channel
- 1616
- Austrittskanaloutlet channel
- 1818
- Washcoat-BeschichtungWashcoat
- 2020
- katalytisch aktive Komponentecatalytically active component
- 2222
- stromaufwärtiger Abschnittupstream section
- 2424
- stromabwärtiger Abschnittdownstream section
- 2626
- Verbrennungsmotorinternal combustion engine
- 2828
- Abgasanlageexhaust system
- 3030
- Lambdasondelambda probe
- 3232
- Vorkatalysatorprecatalyzer
- 3434
- Drei-Wege-KatalysatorThree-way catalytic converter
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- EP 1837495 A1 [0003] EP 1837495 A1 [0003]
- DE 102008037156 A1 [0004] DE 102008037156 A1 [0004]
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE102010055147A DE102010055147A1 (en) | 2010-12-18 | 2010-12-18 | Four-way catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas of temporarily stoichiometric fueled internal combustion engine, particularly petrol engine, of vehicle, has ceramic support body, which is provided with particle filter function |
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DE102010055147A DE102010055147A1 (en) | 2010-12-18 | 2010-12-18 | Four-way catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas of temporarily stoichiometric fueled internal combustion engine, particularly petrol engine, of vehicle, has ceramic support body, which is provided with particle filter function |
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DE102010055147A1 true DE102010055147A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
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DE102013210270A1 (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-04 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | three-way |
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US10071368B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2018-09-11 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
US10076725B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2018-09-18 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
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WO2018024546A1 (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | Basf Se | Monometallic rhodium-containing four-way conversion catalysts for gasoline engine emissions treatment systems |
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